Article(id=1308828703388431177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308828670878376007, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0724, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1750780800000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-25, revisedDate=1762876800000, revisedDateStr=2025-11-12, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789978679749, onlineDateStr=2026-09-21, pubDate=1773244800000, pubDateStr=2026-03-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789978679749, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789978679749, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789978679749, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1308828670878376007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2026', volume='61', issue='3', pageStart='677', pageEnd='1000', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1773244800000', pubDateStr='2026-03-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789978671998, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789984247322, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1308852055549248371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308828670878376007, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1308852055549248372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308828670878376007, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=824, endPage=834, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1308828703602340682, articleId=1308828703388431177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=The effect and mechanism of Dracocephalum moldavica L. on acute kidney injury based on network pharmacology and molecular docking, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study explored the effect and mechanism of Dracocephalum moldavica L. on acute kidney injury (AKI) based on network pharmacology, molecular docking and animal experiments. Through online pharmacological studies, the effective components and targets of Dracocephalum moldavica L. in the treatment of AKI were obtained. Seventeen active components and 60 intersection targets were screened out, among which there were 12 core targets. Through the analysis of the function of Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, it was screened out that it was mainly related to pathways such as cancer. Molecular docking was conducted between the active ingredients and the core targets. The results showed a strong association with matrix metalloprotein 9 (MMP9) and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). The experiment selected the extract of Dracocephalum moldavica L. as the therapeutic drug and randomly divided ICR mice into normal group, model group, low, medium, and high (90, 180, 360 mg·kg-1) dose groups of Dracocephalum moldavica L. extract, amifostine group (200 mg·kg-1), and Uremic Clear Granules group (3 750 mg·kg-1). Intragastric administration was given 7 days in advance. On the 7th day, the amifostine group was injected with amifostine solution. Two hours after the end of intragastric administration on the 7th day, except for the normal group, the other groups were intraperitoneally injected with cisplatin (CDDP) solution to establish an AKI mouse model. Samples were collected 72 hours after modeling. This experiment was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica (approval number: XJIMM-20240802). The organ indices of liver, spleen, and kidney were calculated; the levels of serum creatinine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in mouse serum, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in mouse kidney were determined by kits; the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in mouse kidney were detected by ELISA kits; the pathological changes of the kidney were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining; and the expression of MMP9, GSK-3β, β-catenin, as well as Bcl-2 associated X-protein (Bax) and B-cell lymphoma-2 protein (Bcl-2) in renal tissue was verified by Western blot. The experimental results showed that the extract of Dracocephalum moldavica L. could significantly improve the organ indices of spleen, liver, and kidney in AKI mice; significantly reduce the levels of SCr and BUN in blood; reduce the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β; up-regulate the levels of GSH-PX and SOD; improve the pathological damage of kidney; and regulate the expression of MMP9, GSK-3β, β-catenin, Bax and Bcl-2 in renal tissue. It suggests that the extract of Dracocephalum moldavica L. may exert a protective effect on AKI caused by CDDP through regulating the expression of the GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway.

, authors=Jin-fang LI1, Yun-fei WANG2, Payiman HAIMITI2, Ning YU2, *, Mei-e TAN2, *, authorsList=Jin-fang LI, Yun-fei WANG, Payiman HAIMITI, Ning YU, Mei-e TAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ning YU, Mei-e TAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2026 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1308828706186031958, articleId=1308828703388431177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=基于网络药理与分子对接探讨香青兰对急性肾损伤的作用及机制研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

该研究基于网络药理学、分子对接和动物实验探讨香青兰(Dracocephalum moldavica L.) 对急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury, AKI) 的作用及机制。通过网络药理学研究获取香青兰治疗AKI的有效成分及靶点, 筛选出17个活性成分及60个交集靶点, 其中核心靶点12个。通过基因本体论(Gene Ontology, GO) 功能和京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, KEGG) 通路分析, 筛选发现其功能主要富集于癌症等相关通路, 并对活性成分与核心靶点进行分子对接, 结果显示其与基质金属蛋白酶9 (matrix metalloprotein 9, MMP9)、糖原合酶激酶-3β (glycogen synthase kinase-3β, GSK-3β) 有较强的关联性。实验选取香青兰的提取物作为治疗药物, 将ICR小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、香青兰提取物低、中、高(90、180、360 mg·kg-1) 剂量组、氨磷汀组(200 mg·kg-1)、尿毒清颗粒组(3 750 mg·kg-1), 提前7天灌胃(intragastric gavage, ig) 给药, 氨磷汀组第7天腹腔注射(intraperitoneal injection, ip) 氨磷汀溶液, 第7天给药结束2 h后除正常组外其余组采用ip顺铂(cisplatin, CDDP) 溶液构建AKI小鼠模型, 造模72 h后进行取材, 本实验获新疆药物研究院动物伦理委员会批准(批准编号: XJIMM-20240802)。计算肝、脾、肾的脏器指数; 试剂盒测定小鼠血清的血肌酐(serum creatinine, SCr)、尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen, BUN), 小鼠肾脏中的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase, GSH-PX) 和超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD), ELISA试剂盒检测小鼠肾脏中的肿瘤坏死因子-α (tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α)、白介素-6 (interleukin-6, IL-6)、白介素-1β (interleukin-1β, IL-1β); 苏木素-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin, HE) 染色和过碘酸-雪夫(periodic acid-Schiff, PAS) 染色观察肾脏的病理变化; Western blot检测MMP9、GSK-3β、β-连环蛋白(β-catenin)、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bcl-2 associated X-protein, Bax) 和B细胞淋巴瘤2蛋白(B-cell lymphoma-2, Bcl-2)。实验结果表明, 香青兰提取物具有保护AKI小鼠肾功能的作用, 可以显著改善AKI小鼠的脾、肝、肾的脏器指数; 显著降低血液中SCr和BUN的含量; 降低肾脏TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β的水平; 上调肾脏GSH-PX和SOD的水平; 改善肾脏的病理损伤; 以及调节肾组织中MMP9、GSK-3β、β-catenin、Bax、Bcl-2的表达。结果提示, 香青兰提取物可能通过调节GSK-3β/β-catenin信号通路的表达, 发挥对CDDP引起的AKI的保护作用。

, authors=李金芳1, 王云飞2, 帕依曼·亥米提2, 于宁2, *, 谭梅娥2, *, authorsList=李金芳, 王云飞, 帕依曼·亥米提, 于宁, 谭梅娥, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=于宁, 谭梅娥, authorNote=

作者贡献:

李金芳负责部分数据收集与处理、动物实验、文章手稿撰写; 王云飞参与前期文献调研与研究设计, 并协助修改稿件; 帕依曼·亥米提协助部分数据收集; 谭梅娥协助修改稿件, 并进行实验指导与技术支持; 于宁负责实验方案指导与技术支持, 统筹研究全过程。

, correspAuthorsNote=
于宁, Tel: 86-991-2318172, E-mail:
谭梅娥, E-mail:
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Core targetEnglish abbreviationDegreeBetweennessCloseness
AKT serine/threonine kinase 1AKT194460.666 20.840 6
Epidermal growth factor receptorEGFR82285.093 10.773 3
Estrogen receptor 1ESRI74198.280 70.734 2
Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2PTGS272196.797 70.725 0
Hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alphaHIF1A72123.858 10.725 0
SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinaseSRC70203.866 70.716 0
Matrix metallopeptidase 9MMP96898.507 70.707 3
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 betaGSK-3β6091.758 80.674 4
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1PARP15870.588 80.666 7
Matrix metallopeptidase 2MMP25243.122 40.637 4
MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family memberMCL15236.065 40.644 4
Kinase insert domain receptorKDR5027.146 40.637 4
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Core target screening

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Core targetEnglish abbreviationDegreeBetweennessCloseness
AKT serine/threonine kinase 1AKT194460.666 20.840 6
Epidermal growth factor receptorEGFR82285.093 10.773 3
Estrogen receptor 1ESRI74198.280 70.734 2
Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2PTGS272196.797 70.725 0
Hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alphaHIF1A72123.858 10.725 0
SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinaseSRC70203.866 70.716 0
Matrix metallopeptidase 9MMP96898.507 70.707 3
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 betaGSK-3β6091.758 80.674 4
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1PARP15870.588 80.666 7
Matrix metallopeptidase 2MMP25243.122 40.637 4
MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family memberMCL15236.065 40.644 4
Kinase insert domain receptorKDR5027.146 40.637 4
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Mol IDCompound namePubChem CIDDegree
N/A8-Hydroxy-salvigenin308378347
N/AGardenin A26185947
MOL000354Isorhamnetin528165446
MOL001689Acacetin528044246
N/AGardenin B9653946
MOL002881Diosmetin528161245
MOL000008Apigenin528044345
MOL003044Chrysoeriol528066644
MOL000098Quercetin528034344
MOL000006Luteolin528044543
MOL000422Kaempferol528086343
MOL007274Scrophulein18832343
MOL002915Salvigenin16127142
MOL009297Jaceosidin53790968
MOL000396Syringaresinol1000676
MOL0102463-Hydroxyflavone113493
N/ASakuranetin3481302
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Active components in Dracocephalum moldavica L.

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Mol IDCompound namePubChem CIDDegree
N/A8-Hydroxy-salvigenin308378347
N/AGardenin A26185947
MOL000354Isorhamnetin528165446
MOL001689Acacetin528044246
N/AGardenin B9653946
MOL002881Diosmetin528161245
MOL000008Apigenin528044345
MOL003044Chrysoeriol528066644
MOL000098Quercetin528034344
MOL000006Luteolin528044543
MOL000422Kaempferol528086343
MOL007274Scrophulein18832343
MOL002915Salvigenin16127142
MOL009297Jaceosidin53790968
MOL000396Syringaresinol1000676
MOL0102463-Hydroxyflavone113493
N/ASakuranetin3481302
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基于网络药理与分子对接探讨香青兰对急性肾损伤的作用及机制研究
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李金芳 1 , 王云飞 2 , 帕依曼·亥米提 2 , 于宁 2, * , 谭梅娥 2, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2026,61(3): 824-834
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药学学报 |研究论文 2026 , 61 (3) : 824 -834
基于网络药理与分子对接探讨香青兰对急性肾损伤的作用及机制研究
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李金芳1, 王云飞2, 帕依曼·亥米提2, 于宁2, * , 谭梅娥2, *
作者信息
  • 1新疆医科大学中医学院, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830017
  • 2新疆维吾尔自治区药物研究院, 新疆维吾尔药重点实验室, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830000
通讯作者:
于宁, Tel: 86-991-2318172, E-mail:
谭梅娥, E-mail:
作者简介:

作者贡献:

李金芳负责部分数据收集与处理、动物实验、文章手稿撰写; 王云飞参与前期文献调研与研究设计, 并协助修改稿件; 帕依曼·亥米提协助部分数据收集; 谭梅娥协助修改稿件, 并进行实验指导与技术支持; 于宁负责实验方案指导与技术支持, 统筹研究全过程。

The effect and mechanism of Dracocephalum moldavica L. on acute kidney injury based on network pharmacology and molecular docking
Jin-fang LI1, Yun-fei WANG2, Payiman HAIMITI2, Ning YU2, * , Mei-e TAN2, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, China
  • 2Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Antonomus Medicine, Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, Urumqi 830000, China
出版时间: 2026-03-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0724
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该研究基于网络药理学、分子对接和动物实验探讨香青兰(Dracocephalum moldavica L.) 对急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury, AKI) 的作用及机制。通过网络药理学研究获取香青兰治疗AKI的有效成分及靶点, 筛选出17个活性成分及60个交集靶点, 其中核心靶点12个。通过基因本体论(Gene Ontology, GO) 功能和京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, KEGG) 通路分析, 筛选发现其功能主要富集于癌症等相关通路, 并对活性成分与核心靶点进行分子对接, 结果显示其与基质金属蛋白酶9 (matrix metalloprotein 9, MMP9)、糖原合酶激酶-3β (glycogen synthase kinase-3β, GSK-3β) 有较强的关联性。实验选取香青兰的提取物作为治疗药物, 将ICR小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、香青兰提取物低、中、高(90、180、360 mg·kg-1) 剂量组、氨磷汀组(200 mg·kg-1)、尿毒清颗粒组(3 750 mg·kg-1), 提前7天灌胃(intragastric gavage, ig) 给药, 氨磷汀组第7天腹腔注射(intraperitoneal injection, ip) 氨磷汀溶液, 第7天给药结束2 h后除正常组外其余组采用ip顺铂(cisplatin, CDDP) 溶液构建AKI小鼠模型, 造模72 h后进行取材, 本实验获新疆药物研究院动物伦理委员会批准(批准编号: XJIMM-20240802)。计算肝、脾、肾的脏器指数; 试剂盒测定小鼠血清的血肌酐(serum creatinine, SCr)、尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen, BUN), 小鼠肾脏中的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase, GSH-PX) 和超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD), ELISA试剂盒检测小鼠肾脏中的肿瘤坏死因子-α (tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α)、白介素-6 (interleukin-6, IL-6)、白介素-1β (interleukin-1β, IL-1β); 苏木素-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin, HE) 染色和过碘酸-雪夫(periodic acid-Schiff, PAS) 染色观察肾脏的病理变化; Western blot检测MMP9、GSK-3β、β-连环蛋白(β-catenin)、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bcl-2 associated X-protein, Bax) 和B细胞淋巴瘤2蛋白(B-cell lymphoma-2, Bcl-2)。实验结果表明, 香青兰提取物具有保护AKI小鼠肾功能的作用, 可以显著改善AKI小鼠的脾、肝、肾的脏器指数; 显著降低血液中SCr和BUN的含量; 降低肾脏TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β的水平; 上调肾脏GSH-PX和SOD的水平; 改善肾脏的病理损伤; 以及调节肾组织中MMP9、GSK-3β、β-catenin、Bax、Bcl-2的表达。结果提示, 香青兰提取物可能通过调节GSK-3β/β-catenin信号通路的表达, 发挥对CDDP引起的AKI的保护作用。

急性肾损伤  /  香青兰提取物  /  氧化应激  /  炎症因子  /  GSK-3β/β-catenin

This study explored the effect and mechanism of Dracocephalum moldavica L. on acute kidney injury (AKI) based on network pharmacology, molecular docking and animal experiments. Through online pharmacological studies, the effective components and targets of Dracocephalum moldavica L. in the treatment of AKI were obtained. Seventeen active components and 60 intersection targets were screened out, among which there were 12 core targets. Through the analysis of the function of Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, it was screened out that it was mainly related to pathways such as cancer. Molecular docking was conducted between the active ingredients and the core targets. The results showed a strong association with matrix metalloprotein 9 (MMP9) and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). The experiment selected the extract of Dracocephalum moldavica L. as the therapeutic drug and randomly divided ICR mice into normal group, model group, low, medium, and high (90, 180, 360 mg·kg-1) dose groups of Dracocephalum moldavica L. extract, amifostine group (200 mg·kg-1), and Uremic Clear Granules group (3 750 mg·kg-1). Intragastric administration was given 7 days in advance. On the 7th day, the amifostine group was injected with amifostine solution. Two hours after the end of intragastric administration on the 7th day, except for the normal group, the other groups were intraperitoneally injected with cisplatin (CDDP) solution to establish an AKI mouse model. Samples were collected 72 hours after modeling. This experiment was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica (approval number: XJIMM-20240802). The organ indices of liver, spleen, and kidney were calculated; the levels of serum creatinine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in mouse serum, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in mouse kidney were determined by kits; the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in mouse kidney were detected by ELISA kits; the pathological changes of the kidney were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining; and the expression of MMP9, GSK-3β, β-catenin, as well as Bcl-2 associated X-protein (Bax) and B-cell lymphoma-2 protein (Bcl-2) in renal tissue was verified by Western blot. The experimental results showed that the extract of Dracocephalum moldavica L. could significantly improve the organ indices of spleen, liver, and kidney in AKI mice; significantly reduce the levels of SCr and BUN in blood; reduce the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β; up-regulate the levels of GSH-PX and SOD; improve the pathological damage of kidney; and regulate the expression of MMP9, GSK-3β, β-catenin, Bax and Bcl-2 in renal tissue. It suggests that the extract of Dracocephalum moldavica L. may exert a protective effect on AKI caused by CDDP through regulating the expression of the GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway.

acute kidney injury  /  the extract of Dracocephalum moldavica L.  /  oxidative stress  /  inflammatory factor  /  GSK-3β/β-catenin
李金芳, 王云飞, 帕依曼·亥米提, 于宁, 谭梅娥. 基于网络药理与分子对接探讨香青兰对急性肾损伤的作用及机制研究. 药学学报, 2026 , 61 (3) : 824 -834 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0724
Jin-fang LI, Yun-fei WANG, Payiman HAIMITI, Ning YU, Mei-e TAN. The effect and mechanism of Dracocephalum moldavica L. on acute kidney injury based on network pharmacology and molecular docking[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2026 , 61 (3) : 824 -834 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0724
急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury, AKI) 是一种因肾功能迅速丧失而导致电解质、酸碱平衡紊乱及含氮废物累积的疾病, 是以肾排泄功能迅速下降为特征的综合征[1]。AKI的致病因素包括手术、感染及药物不良反应等, 其中药物不良反应在各类诱因中尤为常见[2]。顺铂(cisplatin, CDDP) 是临床应用最普遍和最成功的抗癌药之一, 其抗肿瘤机制主要是通过与肿瘤细胞DNA形成交联, 进而干扰DNA的复制与转录过程[3, 4]。然而, 该药物在近端肾小管上皮细胞内过度蓄积会引发明显的肾毒性, 成为诱导AKI发生的重要原因[5]。
维吾尔医学[6]认为机体在受到不良因素的影响下, 组成体液的体液质在各自的数量和质量上保持相对平衡的状态会发生失调, 未成熟体液过盛导致血管壁沉淀过盛, 异常体液对血管壁压力升高致血压异常, 其中肾脏等靶器官功能首受影响[7]。目前, AKI的治疗方法主要以透析、西药为主, 不良反应大。因此, 迫切需要探索治疗AKI的新药物。香青兰[8]是维吾尔医学的常用药材, 是唇形科青兰属植物香青兰Dracocephalum moldavica L.的干燥地上部分。《新疆中草药》记载香青兰为异常黑胆质成熟剂。中国药品标准《维吾尔药分册》记载香青兰性质为二级干热[9]。通过对香青兰的植物化学研究, 发现香青兰提取物中香叶木素、木犀草素等成分通过抗炎、缓解氧化应激等作用治疗AKI[10-14]。课题组前期研究显示, 香青兰提取物对慢性肾脏疾病有改善作用[15]。然而, 香青兰提取物是否对AKI有保护作用尚未明确。因此, 本研究采用网络药理学结合分子对接的方法预测香青兰对AKI保护作用的潜在靶点, 并通过构建CDDP诱导的AKI小鼠模型, 探讨香青兰提取物对AKI的保护作用及机制。
实验动物  SPF级雄性ICR小鼠, 体质量18~22 g, 6~8周龄, 购自河南斯克贝斯生物科技股份有限公司, 许可证号SCXK (豫) 2020-0005, 实验动物质量合格证号410000000000010952。小鼠饲养于新疆药物研究院动物中心屏障环境, 控制照明及温湿度。本实验获新疆维吾尔自治区药物研究院动物伦理委员会批准(批准编号: XJIMM-20240802)。
药物  香青兰药材产自新疆维吾尔自治区玛纳斯县, 经新疆维吾尔自治区药物研究院何江研究员鉴定为唇形科青兰属植物香青兰Dracocephalum moldavica L.的干燥地上部分, 存放于新疆维吾尔自治区药物研究院。课题组前期进行了香青兰的提取工艺和含量测定研究[16, 17], 本实验对香青兰提取物的制备工艺进行了进一步的研究: 称取香青兰药材, 加入40倍量的40%乙醇溶液回流提取5 h, 完成后滤过; 对滤液进行减压浓缩处理, 直至溶液中无乙醇气味, 加入无水乙醇至乙醇的体积百分含量为75%, 于4 ℃环境中静置24 h, 滤过; 滤液再次减压浓缩得浓缩液, 经HPD600型大孔树脂纯化, 静置吸附12 h, 用水进行洗脱, 弃去水洗脱液, 再用70%乙醇洗脱, 收集70%乙醇洗脱液, 对洗脱液进行减压浓缩, 真空干燥, 得香青兰提取物。经HPLC鉴定, 其中总黄酮质量分数为67.5%, 木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷质量分数为14.0%, 田蓟苷质量分数为18.2%, 迷迭香酸质量分数为14.1%。
试剂与仪器  CDDP (批号24121185) 购于北京兰杰柯科技有限公司; 尿毒清颗粒(国药准字Z20073256) 产于康臣药业(霍尔果斯) 有限公司, 批号202404021, 购于惠民爱民大药房; 注射用氨磷汀(国药准字H20010403, 批号53240407), 美罗药业股份有限公司; 血清肌酐(serum creatinine, SCr) 试剂盒(批号20240826)、血尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen, BUN) 试剂盒(批号20240817)、蛋白定量(total protein, TP) 测定试剂盒(批号20241008)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase, GSH-PX) 试剂盒(批号20240814)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD) 试剂盒(批号20240819), 购于南京建成生物工程研究所; 肿瘤坏死因子-α (tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α) 酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA) 试剂盒(批号WL05048J3818)、白细胞介素-6 (interleukin-6, IL-6) ELISA试剂盒(批号WL042BF23035)、白细胞介素-1β (interleukin-1β, IL-1β) ELISA试剂盒(批号WL03844Z1940) 购于武汉伊莱瑞特生物科技股份有限公司。苏木素染色液(批号C240902)、伊红染色液(批号C240303) 购于珠海贝索生物技术有限公司; 过碘酸-雪夫(periodic acid-Schiff, PAS) 染色试剂盒(批号2500020001) 购于北京索莱宝科技有限公司。糖原合酶激酶-3β (glycogen synthase kinase-3β, GSK-3β) 抗体(批号1073729-5)、基质金属蛋白酶9 (matrix metalloproteinase 9, MMP9) 抗体(批号1001413-92)、HRP标记山羊抗鼠二抗抗体(批号1093066-31), 英国Abcam公司; B淋巴细胞瘤-2 (B-cell lymphoma-2, Bcl-2) 抗体(批号H641919034)、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bcl-2 associated X-protein, Bax) 抗体(批号H641017029), 华安生物公司; β-连环蛋白(β-catenin) 抗体(批号8480T-9)、β-肌动蛋白(β-actin) 抗体(批号4970T-19)、HRP标记山羊抗兔二抗抗体(批号7074P2-33), 美国Cell Signaling Technology公司; 甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, GAPDH) 抗体(批号82f8482), 美国Affinity公司。
梅特勒-托利多电子天平(AB135-S), 瑞士METTLE TOLEDO公司; 电子天平(LT3001B), 北京赛多利斯天平有限公司; 电热恒温鼓风干燥箱(DHG-9140A), 上海齐欣科学仪器有限公司; 低温高速离心机(TGL-16K), 湖南湘仪实验室仪器开发有限公司; 多功能微孔板检测仪(SPARK), 瑞士TECAN SPARK公司; 快速匀浆机(SpeedMill PLUS), 德国耶拿公司; 多功能成像系统(FUSION Fx6), 法国VILBER公司; 电泳仪(PowerPacTM Universal Power Supply), 美国Bio-Rad公司; 显微镜(LEICA DM3000)、切片机(LEICA RM2016), 德国Leica Camera AG公司; 生物组织智能脱水机(TZT-12M), 武汉天之瑞医疗科技有限公司; 生物组织摊片烤片机(YD-AB), 上海精密仪器仪表有限公司; 生物组织包埋机(BMJ-A), 常州市中威电子仪器有限公司; 冷冻台(BM-C2), 孝感市宏业医用仪器有限公司。
香青兰活性成分的查找与筛选及其靶点预测  采用本草组鉴数据库(High-throughput Experiment Reference Database for Traditional Chinese Herbs, HERB) (http://herb.ac.cn/) 及相关文献检索[18-20]香青兰的活性成分, 结合Pubchem (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) 及Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics平台(https://www.sib.swiss/) 中的Swiss ADME板块进行活性成分筛选, 以胃肠道吸收(GI absorption) 得分为“high”、类药性(druglike-ness) 至少通过2个“Yes”为标准进行筛选, 共得到17个活性成分。将筛选得到的活性成分的canonical SMILES输入Swiss Target Prediction数据库, 进而开展相应靶点的预测工作。
AKI相关靶点筛选  借助人类基因疾病相关的数据库(GeneCards) (https://www.genecards.org/)、在线人类孟德尔遗传数据库(Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, OMIM) (https://omim.org/)、以“acute kidney injury”为关键词检索, 获取AKI的相关靶点, 对其进行合并, 删掉重复值, 得AKI靶点。
蛋白-蛋白相互作用网络图构建及核心靶点筛选  利用在线维恩图绘制成分靶点与疾病靶点的Venn图, 得到香青兰与AKI的关键靶点。将药物与疾病共同靶点输入蛋白互作数据库(String, https://www.string-db.org/cgi) 中, 删除无连接节点, 构建蛋白相互作用网络(PPI)。运用Cytoscape 3.9.1软件进行拓扑分析, 并根据degree值大小筛选出核心靶点。
交集靶点的GO功能富集与KEGG通路富集分析  将交集靶点导入DAVID (https://david.Ncifcrf.gov/) 平台, 进行基因本体论(Gene Ontology, GO) 功能富集分析和京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, KEGG) 通路富集分析, 并通过微生信绘制功能富集柱状图与通路气泡图。运用Cytoscape 3.9.1软件绘制“疾病-通路-靶点-成分-药物”网络图。
分子对接验证  选择“疾病-通路-靶点-成分-药物”网络图中的关键成分及药物重要成分, 在PubChem数据库下载其结构文件作为配体, 选择PPI网络中的核心靶点作为受体, 并在PBD数据库(https://www.rcsb.org/) 下载核心靶蛋白3D结构, 通过AutoDockTools-1.5.7进行分子对接计算结合能, 预测药物和靶点之间的相互作用, 并利用PyMOL软件将对接结果进行可视化分析。
动物分组与给药  小鼠适应性喂养1周后, 采用随机分组的方法, 将42只小鼠随机分成正常组、模型组、低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组、氨磷汀组、尿毒清颗粒组, 每组6只。香青兰提取物中剂量给药量为180 mg·kg-1, 中剂量的1/2、2倍分别为低剂量90 mg·kg-1、高剂量360 mg·kg-1, 以每10 g小鼠0.1 mL的体重标准灌胃给药。模型组与正常组全程用0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠(carboxymethyl cellulose sodium, CMC-Na) 溶液灌胃。
模型构建  正常组和模型组小鼠灌胃给予0.5% CMC-Na溶液, 氨磷汀组小鼠第7天腹腔注射氨磷汀溶液, 其余组灌胃给予相对应的药物, 第7天给药2 h后进行造模, 除正常组小鼠外, 其余小鼠均腹腔注射15 mg·kg-1 CDDP溶液, 72 h后处理取材。
小鼠体重测量  每日对小鼠进行体重测定, 根据体重变化, 调整给药剂量。
小鼠处理取材  各组动物于造模72 h后眼球取血, 取肝脏、脾、肾脏, 分别称重, 后续进行体重变化分析。将左肾用组织固定液固定, 右肾放入-80 ℃冰箱冻存备用。
肾组织病理学观察  取小鼠肾组织, 经4%多聚甲醛溶液固定后、依次进行取材、常规脱水、石蜡包埋及切片处理, 切片进行苏木素-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin, HE) 染色和PAS染色, 采用中性树脂封片。待封片自然晾干后, 在光学显微镜下观察肾组织病理学变化。
血清BUN、SCr检测  取小鼠全血, 低温高速离心机离心10 min, 取血清, 按照试剂盒说明书进行检测。
肾脏IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α、GSH-PX、SOD检测  取肾组织进行匀浆, 匀浆液离心后取上清, 按照试剂盒说明书进行检测。
Western blot法检测肾组织相关蛋白表达  提取小鼠肾组织总蛋白并进行定量, 蛋白质水浴煮沸变性后, 使用SDS-PAGE电泳分离目标蛋白并转至PVDF膜上, 用5%脱脂奶粉溶液封闭过夜, 放入预先稀释好的一抗溶液中, 孵育过夜, 再用二抗稀释液在室温下孵育2 h, ECL化学发光法显影, 以GAPDH、β-actin为内参蛋白, 多功能成像系统获取图像并用Image J软件进行灰度值分析。
统计学方法  采用SPSS 27.0.1软件单因素方差分析法进行组间差异比较, 数据以均数±标准差($ \overline{x}\pm s $) 表示, 用GraphPad Prism 9.5软件绘图。以P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。
通过HERB数据库、文献收集以及胃肠道吸收、类药性筛选, 共得到木犀草素、槲皮素等代表成分17个, 得到作用靶标共103个。通过OMIM和GeneCards数据库得到AKI相关靶点1 355个。通过在线维恩图绘制成分靶点与疾病靶点的Venn图, 得到交集靶点60个, 可作为香青兰提取物治疗AKI的潜在靶点。将60个交集靶点导入STRING网站, 进行蛋白质相互作用网络分析。将结果导入Cytoscape软件进行网络拓扑分析, 共得到60个节点, 491条边, 其中节点越大、代表其度值越大, 以度值(degree)、中介值(betweenness)、接近(closeness) 值经中位数筛选后得到核心靶点12个(表1)。
应用DAVID数据库和微生信在线平台对获得的靶点进行GO、KEGG功能富集分析。将富集结果取前10位制作富集条带图(图1A)。通过分析发现香青兰治疗AKI涉及的生物过程(biological process, BP) 有染色质重塑、基因表达的调控、胰岛素样生长因子受体信号通路等; 细胞组分(cellular component, CC) 主要有细胞膜、细胞外空间、外泌体等; 分子功能(molecular function, MF) 主要有ATP结合、蛋白酪氨酸激酶活性、酶结合等。通过KEGG通路富集分析显示发现, 相关性的潜在通路存在84条(P < 0.05), 将前20条结果进行可视化分析(图1B), 香青兰改善AKI相关通路包括癌症通路、PI3K-Akt信号通路等。
将香青兰活性成分、KEGG富集出的前20个通路以及相关靶点、AKI靶点等信息进行整理, 导入Cytoscape 3.9.1软件绘制“疾病-通路-靶点-成分-药物”网络并进行分析(图1C)。香青兰活性成分前13个degree值相差不大, 鉴于有研究表明[13, 14]香叶木素、木犀草素有治疗AKI的作用, 选用木犀草素、槲皮素、异鼠李素、香叶木素、鼠尾草素进行分子对接(表2)。
将香青兰的活性成分木犀草素、槲皮素、异鼠李素、香叶木素、鼠尾草素与筛选出来的核心靶点degree排名前8的靶点进行分子对接, 以揭示香青兰活性成分与核心靶点之间的作用强度, 并将对接的自由能绘成热图(图2A)。结果显示, 香青兰活性成分与MMP9等活性成分结合能力最好。选取香青兰活性成分与结合能高的靶点的对接结果进行可视化(图2B)。
记录小鼠每天的体重变化, 正常组体重每日都在均匀上升, 模型组及给药组在腹腔注射造模药CDDP后均呈现体重下降的趋势, 由于处死前一日统一禁食, 末次称量时小鼠体重均出现下降(图3A)。
与正常组比较, 模型组的肝、肾指数显著升高, 脾指数显著降低。与模型组相比, 香青兰提取物低、中、高剂量组、氨磷汀组、尿毒清颗粒组肝、肾指数显著降低; 香青兰提取物低剂量组、尿毒清颗粒组脾指数升高; 香青兰提取物中、高剂量组、氨磷汀组脾指数显著升高(图3B~D)。
HE染色和PAS染色显示, 正常组小鼠肾脏结构正常, 模型组小鼠可见肾小管变性、坏死, 肾小管扩张、蛋白质及细胞管型、间质炎性细胞浸润, 肾脏结构严重损伤; 香青兰提取物高剂量组、氨磷汀组和尿毒清颗粒组能够扭转模型组小鼠的损伤(图3E、F)。
与正常组相比, 模型组小鼠的BUN和SCr均显著升高; 与模型组相比, 香青兰提取物低、中、高剂量组、氨磷汀组和尿毒清颗粒组的BUN和SCr显著下降(图3G、H)。说明香青兰提取物对于治疗CDDP引起的AKI具有一定的疗效。
与正常组相比, 模型组小鼠肾脏中的IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平均显著升高; 与模型组相比, 香青兰提取物低剂量组的IL-6、TNF-α水平下降; 香青兰提取物中剂量组的IL-6、TNF-α水平显著下降; 香青兰提取物高剂量的IL-1β水平下降, IL-6和TNF-α水平显著下降; 氨磷汀组、尿毒清颗粒组的IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平均显著下降(图3I~K)。该结果说明香青兰提取物可以拮抗CDDP引起的肾脏炎症反应。
与正常组相比, 模型组小鼠肾脏中的GSH-PX和SOD均下降; 与模型组相比, 香青兰提取物高剂量组、氨磷汀组以及尿毒清颗粒组的GSH-PX升高, 香青兰提取物高剂量组的SOD升高(图4A、B)。说明香青兰提取物抑制CDDP引起的AKI所致的氧化应激。
结果显示, 模型组肾组织的MMP9、GSK-3β、β-catenin、Bax表达含量高于正常组; 与模型组相比, 香青兰提取物高剂量组的MMP9表达含量显著降低, 低、高剂量组的β-catenin表达含量降低; 低、中、高剂量组的GSK-3β均显著降低, 香青兰提取物高剂量组的Bax表达含量显著降低; 模型组Bcl-2的表达含量显著低于正常组, 香青兰提取物中、高剂量组均升高(图4C~H)。表明香青兰提取物可能从GSK-3β/β-catenin通路减轻AKI, 并调控细胞凋亡关键因子的表达。
药物性肾损伤是AKI的主要发病机制之一。在中医范畴内, 药物的毒性发作可导致瘀血成形, 毒瘀互结, 其治疗应以清热解毒、活血化瘀等为原则[21]。CDDP诱导的肾损伤正属“药毒”范畴, 因CDDP在肾脏累积所致, 其根本病机为正虚邪盛、体液失衡所致, 需以属性纠偏, 纠正体内失衡的体液。在维吾尔医学理论中, 成熟剂及清除剂疗法是清除体内异常体液继而恢复机体、器官原属性(气质) 的重要治疗手段之一[22]。异常黑胆质成熟剂[23]具有抗炎、抗氧化和抑制细胞凋亡等多种功效。香青兰作为异常黑胆质成熟剂, 是维吾尔医学治疗难治性疾病的关键所在[24], 已有研究发现香青兰提取物可以改善慢性肾脏疾病[15], 然而有关香青兰提取物对AKI的作用尚未报道。因此, 本研究采用小鼠腹腔注射CDDP造模进行香青兰提取物保护AKI的后续研究。
AKI的早期诊断较难, 导致其难以及时发现并治疗。目前, 肾功能检测仍是AKI的重要评价指标。通过动物实验观察香青兰提取物对CDDP诱导的AKI小鼠生化和病理的变化, 结果显示, 香青兰提取物用药后小鼠的一般情况得到不同程度的改善, 表现为低、中、高剂量组的肾脏、肝脏质量显著下降, 脾脏质量显著上升; 香青兰提取物可显著降低CDDP诱导的肾损伤小鼠中SCr和BUN的含量; 香青兰提取物高剂量组下调炎症因子IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α, 上调氧化应激指标GSH-PX和SOD; HE染色和PAS染色观察发现香青兰提取物可明显改善肾脏的病理学状态。通过药效学的研究, 说明异常黑胆质成熟剂香青兰的提取物可以通过调节炎症因子和氧化应激指标来预防CDDP诱导的AKI。因此, 提前给予香青兰提取物灌胃治疗, 可有效预防及改善AKI小鼠的肾损伤。
通过数据库筛选得到香青兰治疗AKI的关键成分和核心靶点, 利用分子对接预测关键成分和核心靶点间结合的可能性, 结果发现, 香青兰有效成分与核心靶点MMP9、GSK-3β、前列腺素内过氧化物合酶2 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2, PTGS2) 结合能力较强。MMP9是锌原子依赖性内肽酶家族基质金属蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinases, MMPs) 的一种凝胶酶[25], 可破坏血管基底膜, 降低肾血管密度, 消化细胞外基质(extracellular matrix, ECM), 利于单核细胞浸润扩散, 间接激活中性粒细胞, 促进炎症反应。MMP9表达上调与许多肾脏病有关[26], 在AKI、糖尿病肾病、狼疮性肾炎和终末期肾病的动物模型中, MMPs的表达水平显著升高。越来越多的研究证据表明, MMPs在近端和远端肾小管重塑、肾脏肾小球血液滤过屏障中起着关键作用, 可能参与肾脏疾病的病理过程, 其表达程度及持续时间影响肾损伤程度[27, 28]。GSK-3β是一种在真核生物体内广泛存在的丝/苏氨酸蛋白激酶, 与很多肾脏疾病有关, 如糖尿病肾病、AKI、多囊肾、慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease, CKD) 等[29]。其他研究表明, GSK‐3β可能参与调节肾脏细胞的抗氧化机制, 影响肾脏对氧化应激损伤的保护作用[30]。GO与KEGG富集分析结果表明, 香青兰提取物可能调控癌症、P13K-Akt等信号通路。结合通路机制图与核心靶点发现, 众多癌症信号通路中, Wnt信号通路是其中重要一员, 研究表明, Wnt4基因敲除小鼠在出生时即出现严重肾脏缺陷, 这表明Wnt信号通路与肾脏发育密切相关[31], 该通路在AKI中短暂激活有助于抑制病情发展并促进肾脏修复再生, 而持续激活则会加速AKI向CKD的进展[32]。香青兰核心靶点中的GSK-3β为Wnt信号通路中的关键负调控因子, 调控GSK-3β蛋白表达可以保护肾功能, 减轻肾纤维化[33]。
此外, 对分子对接结合能力较强的靶点进行验证, Western blot实验结果显示, 香青兰提取物降低了AKI小鼠肾组织MMP9的表达, 与网络药理学研究的预测结果一致。GSK-3β是Wnt信号通路的重要组成部分, Western blot实验结果显示, 香青兰提取物降低了AKI小鼠肾组织GSK-3β的表达, 并且降低了β-catenin蛋白的表达, 说明香青兰提取物对AKI的保护作用可能是通过GSK-3β/β-catenin通路起作用。GSK-3β/β-catenin信号通路是Wnt信号通路的核心组成部分, 是一条与各种急慢性肾损伤密切关联的重要通路, 不仅与AKI的发生发展有关, 还影响AKI向CKD的进展, 在肾损伤相关炎症反应过程中发挥着重要作用[34], 同时在细胞增殖、分化、凋亡及组织发育中起关键调控作用[35]。GSK-3β被激活后, 推动NF-κB发生核转位, 进而促使TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6等炎症因子释放。这些释放的炎症因子一方面会进一步激活GSK-3β, 促进Bax介导的细胞凋亡过程, 共同导致肾组织损伤不断加剧; GSK-3β的激活使β-catenin活性升高, 肾脏损伤, MMP9活性升高, 导致肾脏炎症细胞浸润和纤维化(图5)[36]。研究表明, 可以通过调节Wnt/β-catenin通路来保护肾小管上皮细胞免受细胞凋亡的影响[37], 而异常黑胆质成熟剂可抑制细胞凋亡[23]。Bcl-2家族蛋白[38]是线粒体介导的凋亡途径中的核心调控因子, 尤其是Bax和Bcl-2。这两种蛋白通过相互作用调控细胞凋亡的进程, 决定了细胞是否进入凋亡状态, 并在多种病理条件下发挥重要作用。基于此, 对凋亡蛋白Bax、Bcl-2进行测定, 结果显示香青兰提取物降低了AKI小鼠肾组织Bax的表达, 升高了Bcl-2的表达, 表明香青兰提取物对AKI的保护作用也可能与调控细胞凋亡通路密切相关。
综上所述, 本研究运用网络药理学和分子对接探究香青兰提取物对AKI的肾功能保护作用及其机制, 并结合动物实验进行进一步验证, 阐明了香青兰对AKI的保护作用具有多成分、多靶点和多通路的特性。研究表明, 香青兰提取物对AKI小鼠的肾功能有保护作用, 其机制可能通过调节GSK-3β/β-catenin信号通路的表达, 促进肾小管上皮细胞的再生和修复, 从而达到保护AKI的作用, 为AKI的治疗提供实验依据。本研究的不足之处在于, 只验证了分子对接中结合能力最好的MMP9、GSK-3β和β-catenin蛋白的表达, 检测了细胞凋亡蛋白Bax、Bcl-2水平, 初步证明香青兰提取物通过调节GSK-3β/β-catenin信号通路对AKI具有一定的保护作用。后续将设计相应的激动剂或抑制剂, 从多个角度探究核心靶点与其他相关通路的作用, 进一步阐明香青兰提取物保护CDDP引起的AKI的作用机制, 更好地为减轻CDDP在肿瘤治疗中的不良反应提供新策略。

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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0724
  • 接收时间:2025-06-25
  • 首发时间:2026-09-21
  • 出版时间:2026-03-12
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-25
  • 修回日期:2025-11-12
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    1新疆医科大学中医学院, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830017
    2新疆维吾尔自治区药物研究院, 新疆维吾尔药重点实验室, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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