Article(id=1308816778487234923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308816657934541639, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0855, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1753027200000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-21, revisedDate=1758643200000, revisedDateStr=2025-09-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789975836630, onlineDateStr=2026-09-21, pubDate=1768147200000, pubDateStr=2026-01-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789975836630, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789975836630, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789975836630, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1308816657934541639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2026', volume='61', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1768147200000', pubDateStr='2026-01-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789975807888, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789984282344, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1308852202421191556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308816657934541639, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1308852202421191557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308816657934541639, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=244, endPage=251, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1308816778701144429, articleId=1308816778487234923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Study on the chemical constituents from the dried roots bark of Paeonia suffruticosa Andr., columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The chemical constituents of 50% acetone extract of the dried roots bark of Paeonia suffruticosa Andr. (Moutan Cortex) were isolated and purified using various column chromatographic methods, yielding 16 compounds. According to their physiochemical properties and spectral data, the structures of the isolated compounds were further identified as suffruticoside N (1), 1, 1′-[(1R)-2, 2′-dihydroxy-6, 6′-dimethoxy[1, 1′-biphenyl]-3, 3′-diyl]bis[ethanone] (2), 5-(1, 2-dihydroxy-1-methylethyl)-4-methylbicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one (3), 4-(1, 2-dihydroxy-1-methylethyl)-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid (4), teutenone A (5), dihydroactinidiolide (6), cadina-4, 11-dien-14-oic acid (7), adenosine (8), uridine (9), methyl palmitate (10), 1-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethanone (11), 2, 4-dihydroxyacetophenone (12), methyl gallate (13), 2, 3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (14), benzoic acid (15), and pinoresinol (16). Compound 1 was a new biphenyl compound. Compounds 2 and 3 were two new natural products, and compounds 4 and 5 were firstly isolated from Moutan Cortex. Additionally, in preliminary vitro bioassays, all the isolated compounds were tested their inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE). As a result, compound 2 exhibited a moderate AChE with IC50 value of 15.7 ± 2.5 μmol·L-1.

, authors=Lan CHEN1, 2, Yan-ling LIU1, 2, Yan-gang CAO1, 2, Xiao-ke ZHENG1, 2, Wei-sheng FENG1, 2, *, authorsList=Lan CHEN, Yan-ling LIU, Yan-gang CAO, Xiao-ke ZHENG, Wei-sheng FENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Wei-sheng FENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2026 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1308816779737137529, articleId=1308816778487234923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=牡丹皮化学成分研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

利用各种色谱技术对牡丹皮50%丙酮提取物的大孔树脂柱40%乙醇洗脱部位进行化学成分研究, 得到16个化合物。结合所得化学成分的物化性质和波谱学特性鉴定了其结构, 分别为suffruticoside N (1)、1, 1′-[(1R)-2, 2′-二羟基-6, 6′-二甲氧基[1, 1′-联苯]-3, 3′-二基]双[乙酮] (2)、5-(1, 2-二羟基-1-甲基乙基)-4-甲基二环[3.1.0]己烷-2-酮(3)、4-(1, 2-二羟基-1-甲基乙基)-1-环己烯-1-羧酸(4)、teutenone A (5)、dihydroactinidiolide (6)、丁基-4, 11-二烯-14-乙酸(7)、腺苷(8)、尿苷(9)、甲基棕榈酸酯(10)、1-(3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯基)乙酮(11)、2, 4-二羟基苯乙酮(12)、没食子酸甲酯(13)、2, 3-二羟基苯甲酸(14)、苯甲酸(15)、松脂醇(16)。其中, 化合物1为新化合物。化合物2和3为新天然产物, 化合物4和5为首次从牡丹皮中分离得到。对分离的化合物进行乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性测定, 结果表明, 化合物2对乙酰胆碱酯酶表现出较好的抑制效果, 其IC50值为15.7 ± 2.5 μmol·L-1。

, authors=陈兰1, 2, 刘晏灵1, 2, 曹彦刚1, 2, 郑晓珂1, 2, 冯卫生1, 2, *, authorsList=陈兰, 刘晏灵, 曹彦刚, 郑晓珂, 冯卫生, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=冯卫生, authorNote=

作者贡献:

陈兰为本文第一作者, 负责化合物分离、鉴定和文章撰写, 生物实验实施及数据处理; 刘晏灵对提取分离和结构鉴定提供了一定帮助; 曹彦刚副教授对实验中遇到的问题给予指导并负责相关稿件的修改; 郑晓珂教授和冯卫生教授负责实验设计、稿件修改等工作。

, correspAuthorsNote=
冯卫生, Tel/Fax: 86-371-60190296, E-mail:
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No.123
δHδCδHδCδHδC
1-113.7-115.5-212.2
2-162.6-151.92.06 (1H, dd, J = 17.9, 9.1 Hz)
1.79 (1H, m)
42.1
3-114.6-134.92.67 (1H, m)29.2
47.88 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz)133.9-153.8-44.1
56.62 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz)108.77.44 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz)103.91.31 (1H, dd, J = 9.2, 4.5 Hz)
1.08 (1H, d, J = 4.5 Hz)
12.6
6163.56.64 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz)123.51.74 (1H, m)33.5
7204.2-204.9-71.7
81.97 (3H, s)26.42.57 (3H, s)26.53.35 (2H, s)67.7
9----1.09 (3H, s)24.0
10----1.03 (3H, d, J = 6.5 Hz)18.1
1′-119.9-115.5--
2′-138.7-151.9--
3′-155.0-134.9--
4′6.52 (1H, s)100.4-153.8--
5′-160.47.44 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz)103.9--
6′-114.36.64 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz)123.5--
7′-204.7-204.9--
8′2.60 (3H, s)29.52.57 (3H, s)26.5--
-OCH33.94 (3H, s)56.43.91 (6H, s)56.4--
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1H (500 MHz) and 13C (125 MHz) NMR data of compounds 1 and 2 (in acetone-d6), 3 (in DMSO-d6)

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No.123
δHδCδHδCδHδC
1-113.7-115.5-212.2
2-162.6-151.92.06 (1H, dd, J = 17.9, 9.1 Hz)
1.79 (1H, m)
42.1
3-114.6-134.92.67 (1H, m)29.2
47.88 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz)133.9-153.8-44.1
56.62 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz)108.77.44 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz)103.91.31 (1H, dd, J = 9.2, 4.5 Hz)
1.08 (1H, d, J = 4.5 Hz)
12.6
6163.56.64 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz)123.51.74 (1H, m)33.5
7204.2-204.9-71.7
81.97 (3H, s)26.42.57 (3H, s)26.53.35 (2H, s)67.7
9----1.09 (3H, s)24.0
10----1.03 (3H, d, J = 6.5 Hz)18.1
1′-119.9-115.5--
2′-138.7-151.9--
3′-155.0-134.9--
4′6.52 (1H, s)100.4-153.8--
5′-160.47.44 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz)103.9--
6′-114.36.64 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz)123.5--
7′-204.7-204.9--
8′2.60 (3H, s)29.52.57 (3H, s)26.5--
-OCH33.94 (3H, s)56.43.91 (6H, s)56.4--
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CompoundIC50/μmol·L-1CompoundIC50/μmol·L-1
1> 5010> 50
215.70 ± 2.5011> 50
3> 5012> 50
4> 5013> 50
5> 5014> 50
6> 501546.35 ± 1.20
7> 501645.77 ± 3.21
8> 50Dopiperazil18.83 ± 1.22
9> 50--
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CompoundIC50/μmol·L-1CompoundIC50/μmol·L-1
1> 5010> 50
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4> 5013> 50
5> 5014> 50
6> 501546.35 ± 1.20
7> 501645.77 ± 3.21
8> 50Dopiperazil18.83 ± 1.22
9> 50--
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牡丹皮化学成分研究
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陈兰 1, 2 , 刘晏灵 1, 2 , 曹彦刚 1, 2 , 郑晓珂 1, 2 , 冯卫生 1, 2, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2026,61(1): 244-251
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药学学报 |研究论文 2026 , 61 (1) : 244 -251
牡丹皮化学成分研究
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陈兰1, 2, 刘晏灵1, 2, 曹彦刚1, 2, 郑晓珂1, 2, 冯卫生1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1河南中医药大学药学院, 河南 郑州 450046
  • 2河南省中药开发工程技术研究中心, 河南 郑州 450046
通讯作者:
冯卫生, Tel/Fax: 86-371-60190296, E-mail:
作者简介:

作者贡献:

陈兰为本文第一作者, 负责化合物分离、鉴定和文章撰写, 生物实验实施及数据处理; 刘晏灵对提取分离和结构鉴定提供了一定帮助; 曹彦刚副教授对实验中遇到的问题给予指导并负责相关稿件的修改; 郑晓珂教授和冯卫生教授负责实验设计、稿件修改等工作。

Study on the chemical constituents from the dried roots bark of Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.
Lan CHEN1, 2, Yan-ling LIU1, 2, Yan-gang CAO1, 2, Xiao-ke ZHENG1, 2, Wei-sheng FENG1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
  • 2The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China
出版时间: 2026-01-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0855
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利用各种色谱技术对牡丹皮50%丙酮提取物的大孔树脂柱40%乙醇洗脱部位进行化学成分研究, 得到16个化合物。结合所得化学成分的物化性质和波谱学特性鉴定了其结构, 分别为suffruticoside N (1)、1, 1′-[(1R)-2, 2′-二羟基-6, 6′-二甲氧基[1, 1′-联苯]-3, 3′-二基]双[乙酮] (2)、5-(1, 2-二羟基-1-甲基乙基)-4-甲基二环[3.1.0]己烷-2-酮(3)、4-(1, 2-二羟基-1-甲基乙基)-1-环己烯-1-羧酸(4)、teutenone A (5)、dihydroactinidiolide (6)、丁基-4, 11-二烯-14-乙酸(7)、腺苷(8)、尿苷(9)、甲基棕榈酸酯(10)、1-(3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯基)乙酮(11)、2, 4-二羟基苯乙酮(12)、没食子酸甲酯(13)、2, 3-二羟基苯甲酸(14)、苯甲酸(15)、松脂醇(16)。其中, 化合物1为新化合物。化合物2和3为新天然产物, 化合物4和5为首次从牡丹皮中分离得到。对分离的化合物进行乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性测定, 结果表明, 化合物2对乙酰胆碱酯酶表现出较好的抑制效果, 其IC50值为15.7 ± 2.5 μmol·L-1。

牡丹皮  /  联苯类  /  结构鉴定  /  乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性

The chemical constituents of 50% acetone extract of the dried roots bark of Paeonia suffruticosa Andr. (Moutan Cortex) were isolated and purified using various column chromatographic methods, yielding 16 compounds. According to their physiochemical properties and spectral data, the structures of the isolated compounds were further identified as suffruticoside N (1), 1, 1′-[(1R)-2, 2′-dihydroxy-6, 6′-dimethoxy[1, 1′-biphenyl]-3, 3′-diyl]bis[ethanone] (2), 5-(1, 2-dihydroxy-1-methylethyl)-4-methylbicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one (3), 4-(1, 2-dihydroxy-1-methylethyl)-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid (4), teutenone A (5), dihydroactinidiolide (6), cadina-4, 11-dien-14-oic acid (7), adenosine (8), uridine (9), methyl palmitate (10), 1-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethanone (11), 2, 4-dihydroxyacetophenone (12), methyl gallate (13), 2, 3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (14), benzoic acid (15), and pinoresinol (16). Compound 1 was a new biphenyl compound. Compounds 2 and 3 were two new natural products, and compounds 4 and 5 were firstly isolated from Moutan Cortex. Additionally, in preliminary vitro bioassays, all the isolated compounds were tested their inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE). As a result, compound 2 exhibited a moderate AChE with IC50 value of 15.7 ± 2.5 μmol·L-1.

Moutan Cortex  /  biphenyls  /  structural identification  /  AChE inhibitory effect
陈兰, 刘晏灵, 曹彦刚, 郑晓珂, 冯卫生. 牡丹皮化学成分研究. 药学学报, 2026 , 61 (1) : 244 -251 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0855
Lan CHEN, Yan-ling LIU, Yan-gang CAO, Xiao-ke ZHENG, Wei-sheng FENG. Study on the chemical constituents from the dried roots bark of Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2026 , 61 (1) : 244 -251 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0855
牡丹皮(Moutan Cortex) 为毛茛科植物牡丹(Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.) 的干燥根皮[1], 始载于《神农本草经》, 主要分布于中国的安徽、四川、湖南等地, 为安徽省的道地药材[2]。研究发现, 牡丹皮中含有多种化学成分, 其中包括黄酮类[1]、单萜苷类[2]、单宁酸类[3], 以及各种酚类成分[4]。牡丹皮归心、肝、肾经, 具有清热凉血, 活血化瘀的功效; 临床上用于治疗夜热早凉、经闭痛经等[5]。现代药理研究表明, 牡丹皮具有抗炎[6]、抗氧化以及神经保护等作用[7]。因此, 作为从牡丹皮中继续获取具有新的生物活性天然成分工作的延续, 本实验以安徽铜陵道地药材牡丹皮为研究对象, 进行系统的化学成分研究, 并从中分离得到16个化合物, 包括2个联苯类化合物(1和2)、5个萜类化合物(3~7)、2个生物碱类化合物(8和9)、6个酚酸类化合物(10~15) 以及1个木脂素类化合物(16), 结构见图1。其中, 化合物1为新化合物, 化合物2和3为新天然产物, 化合物4和5为首次从牡丹皮中分离得到。将分离得到的化合物进行乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE) 活性测定, 结果表明化合物2对AChE表现出较好的抑制效果, IC50值为15.7 ± 2.5 μmol·L-1。
化合物1为黄色结晶, 易溶于甲醇和丙酮。HR-ESI-MS [M+Na]+ m/z 355.078 8 (计算值C17H16O7Na, 355.078 8), 推测分子式为C17H16O7, 不饱和度为10。1H NMR (acetone-d6, 500 MHz) 谱中(数据见表1) 显示有三个芳香氢信号[δH 7.88 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz, H-4), 6.62 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz, H-5), 6.52 (1H, s, H-4′)], 一个甲氧基氢信号[δH 3.94 (3H, s, 3′-OCH3)], 两个甲基氢信号[δH 2.60 (3H, s, H-8′), 1.97 (3H, s, H-8)]。在13C NMR (acetone-d6, 125 MHz) 谱中(数据见表1) 观察到两个羰基碳信号[δC 204.7 (C-7′), 204.2 (C-7)], 一个1, 2, 3, 6-四取代苯环信号[δC 113.7 (C-1), 162.6 (C-2), 114.6 (C-3), 133.9 (C-4), 108.7 (C-5), 163.5 (C-6)], 一个1, 2, 3, 5, 6-五取代苯环信号[δC 119.9 (C-1′), 138.7 (C-2′), 155.0 (C-3′), 100.4 (C-4′), 160.4 (C-5′), 114.3 (C-6′)], 一个甲氧基碳信号[δC 56.4 (3′-OCH3)], 以及两个亚甲基碳信号[δC 26.4 (C-8), 29.5 (C-8′)]。这些数据和cynandione A[8]十分相似, 区别在于化合物1上有一个额外的甲氧基。通过HBMC图谱可以观察到δH 3.94和155.0 (C-3′) 有相关信号(图2), 由此可知该甲氧基连在C-3′上。因此, 化合物1的结构被阐明, 经SciFinder数据库检索发现为一个新化合物, 被命名为suffruticoside N。
化合物2为黄色结晶状固体, 易溶于甲醇, 丙酮。根据HR-ESI-MS数据(m/z 353.099 6 [M+Na]+, 计算值C18H18O6Na, 353.099 5), 确定其分子式为C18H18O6。其 1H NMR (acetone-d6, 500 MHz) 谱(数据见表1) 显示了两个羟基信号[δH 12.48 (2, 2′-OH)], 两个1, 2, 3, 4-四取代苯环上的氢信号[δH 7.44 (2H, d, J = 9.0 Hz, H-5, 5′), 6.64 (2H, d, J = 9.0 Hz, H-6, 6′)], 两个甲氧基氢信号[δH 3.91 (6H, s, 4, 4′-OCH3)], 两个甲基氢信号[δH 2.57 (6H, s, H-8, 8′)]。在13C NMR (acetone-d6, 125 MHz) 谱(数据见表1) 显示了两个羰基碳信号[δC 204.9 (C-7, 7′)], 十二个芳香碳信号[δC 115.5 (C-1, 1′), 151.9 (C-2, 2′), 134.9 (C-3, 3′), 153.8 (C-4, 4′), 103.9 (C-5, 5′), 123.5 (C-6, 6′)], 两个甲氧基碳信号[δC 56.4 (4, 4′-OCH3)], 以及两个甲基碳信号[δC 26.5 (C-8, 8′)]。这些数据与[1, 1′- biphenyl]-2, 2′-diol[9]的数据相比, 多了两个甲氧基和两个乙酰基的碳氢信号, 其连接位置可以通过HMBC图谱中δH 3.91 (4, 4′-OCH3) 和153.8 (C-4, 4′) 以及6.64 (H-6, 6′) 和204.7 (C-7′), 204.2 (C-7) 之间的相关信号(图2) 确定。因此, 化合物2的结构被确定并被鉴定为1, 1′-[(1R)-2, 2′-二羟基-6, 6′-二甲氧基[1, 1′-联苯]-3, 3′-二基]双[乙酮][10], 经SciFinder数据库检索发现该化合物目前仅通过合成获得, 本文首次报道了该化合物的核磁和质谱数据。
化合物3为无色固体。根据HR-ESI-MS m/z 207.099 5 [M+Na]+ (计算值C10H16O3Na, 207.099 2), 推测分子式为C10H16O3, 不饱和度为3。1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 500 MHz) 谱(数据见表1) 显示高场区含有两个次甲基氢信号[δH 2.67 (1H, m, H-3), 1.74 (1H, m, H-6)], 3个亚甲基氢信号[δH 2.06 (1H, dd, J = 17.9, 9.1 Hz, H-2a), 1.79 (1H, m, H-2b), 1.31 (1H, dd, J = 9.2, 4.5 Hz, H-5a), 1.08 (1H, d, J = 4.5 Hz, H-5b), 3.35 (2H, s, H-8)] 以及两个甲基氢信号[δH 1.09 (3H, s, H-9), 1.03 (3H, d, J = 6.5 Hz, H-10)]; 13C NMR (DMSO-d6, 125 MHz) 谱结合DEPT 135谱观察到一个羰基碳信号[δC 212.2 (C-1)], 一个季碳信号[δC 44.1 (C-4)], 三个叔碳信号[δC 29.2 (C-3), 33.5 (C-6), 71.7 (C-7)], 三个仲碳信号[δC 42.1 (C-2), 12.6 (C-5), 67.7 (C-8)], 以及两个甲基碳信号[δC 24.0 (C-9), 18.1 (C-10)]。与bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one, 5-(1, 2-dihydroxy-1-methylethyl)-[1S-[1α, 5α(S*)]]-(9CI)[11]相比, 化合物3在C-3上多了一个甲基, 这通过HBMC图谱中δH 1.03 (3H, H-10) 与δC 29.2 (C-3) 的相关信号得以验证。在NOESY图谱中(图2), 可以观察到H-3与H-2/5存在相关信号, 结合环丙烷的结构特征, 确定了C-3、C-4和C-6的相对构型。C-7在侧链上, 无法通过NOE相关信号来确定C-7的构型, 因此采用计算NMR的方式分别计算了(3R, 4R, 6R, 7R)-3和(3R, 4R, 6R, 7S)-3的碳谱, 通过DP4+分析发现(3R, 4R, 6R, 7R)-3的相似度达到了100%, 又采用TD-DFT方法在B3LYP/6 31G (d, p) 水平上计算了(3R, 4R, 6R, 7R) 的ECD谱图, 经对比后发现(3R, 4R, 6R, 7R) 的趋势与实测值基本相同(图3), 因此确定其绝对构型为(3R, 4R, 6R, 7R)。化合物3被鉴定为5-(1, 2-二羟基-1-甲基乙基)-4-甲基二环[3.1.0]己烷-2-酮[12], 经SciFinder数据库检索发现该化合物目前仅通过合成得到, 本文首次报道了该化合物的核磁和质谱数据并确定其绝对构型。
采用Ellman[13]方法并做修改, 对化合物1~16进行AChE抑制活性测定, 结果表明, 阳性对照药多奈哌齐(dopiperazil) 对AChE抑制作用的IC50值为18.83 ± 1.22 μmol·L-1, 化合物2对AChE表现出较好的抑制效果, IC50值为15.70 ± $ $2.50 μmol·L-1。此外, 化合物15和16对AChE具有微弱的抑制作用, 其IC50值分别为46.35 ± 1.20和45.77 ± 3.21 μmol·L-1。结果见表2。
化合物2对AChE具有显著的抑制作用, 这可以通过分子对接来确定化合物2和AChE的相互作用和结合模式。结果表明(图4), 化合物2与AChE的一个氨基酸残基(TYR-121) 形成了两个氢键, 结合能为-7.3 kcal·mol-1, 并且氢键之间的距离为3.0到3.3 Å。然而, 由于分子对接技术只是一种用于预测配体和受体相互作用的理论模拟方法, 因此, 需要进一步的实验来探索化合物2的具体作用途径。但是, 这些结果为进一步研究化合物2抗阿尔茨海默病(AD) 活性的机制提供了方向。
AD是一种神经退行性疾病, 主要特征是记忆和认知功能障碍[14]。然而, 目前AChE抑制剂是治疗AD唯一具有一定成功率的药物[15]。牡丹皮为传统中药, 具有多种生物活性, 并且已有研究表明牡丹皮提取物能够抑制AChE的活性[16]。因此, 本研究继续对从牡丹皮分离得到的16个化合物进行了AChE抑制活性筛选, 结果表明化合物2对AchE有较好的抑制效果, 此外, 分子对接结果表明2和AChE具有较好的结合能力。基于这些结果, 推测化合物2可能通过调节AChE的抑制作用来改善AD症状, 这些发现为后续研究抗AD活性机制奠定了基础。
所用色谱纯试剂和分析纯试剂, AChE均为西格玛奥德里奇(上海) 贸易有限公司生产; 色谱柱为YMC Pack ODS A column (20 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm), ODS gel (日本YMC公司), Toyopearl HW-40C (日本TOSOH公司), MCI Gel CHP-20柱色谱材料(日本三菱化学公司), Sephadex LH-20葡聚糖凝胶(美国GE公司), 硅胶G (200~300目, 青岛海洋化工厂)。Bruker AVANCE Ⅲ 500型核磁共振仪(德国Bruker公司)。紫外和红外数据分别在UV200型紫外检测器和Thermo Nicolet IS10红外光谱仪测得; 旋光值由Autopol Ⅳ全自动旋光仪(美国鲁道夫公司) 测得; 质谱数据由Bruker maxis HD型飞行时间质谱(德国Bruker公司) 记录。熔点数据由Melting Point M-565 (瑞士BUCHI公司) 记录。
实验用牡丹皮于2024年4月购自安徽省铜陵市, 经河南中医学大学董诚明教授鉴定为毛茛科植物牡丹的干燥根皮, 标本(No. 20240517) 存在于河南中医药大学中药化学研究室。
牡丹皮60.0 kg, 用50%丙酮水溶液组织破碎提取2次, 提取液减压浓缩得到总浸膏(15.4 kg)。总浸膏用水稀释到适当浓度, 经Diaion HP-20柱色谱分离, 依次用水、10%、20%、30%、40%乙醇–水梯度洗脱, 最后用70%丙酮-水等度洗脱, 薄层色谱检识, 合并相同组分, 得到H1~H4和H7五个洗脱组分。
H4 (290.0 g) 经硅胶(200~300目) 正向柱分离, 依次用(二氯甲烷-甲醇, 200∶1~1∶1) 洗脱, 薄层色谱检识, 合并相同组分, 得到6个亚组分(H4-1~H4-6)。亚组分H4-2 (15.5 g) 经ODS反向柱分离, 依次用(甲醇-水, 15∶85~90∶10) 梯度洗脱, 得到(H4-2-1~H4-2-5) 五个亚组分。亚组分H4-2-3 (3.6 g) 经Toyopreal HW-40凝胶柱分离, 依次用(甲醇-水, 30∶70~100∶0) 梯度洗脱, 得到(H4-2-3-1~H4-2-3-5) 五个亚组分。亚组分H4-2-3-3 (135.5 mg) 经半制备高效液相色谱(甲醇-水, 65∶35, 流速2 mL·min-1) 等度洗脱, 分离得到化合物2 (15.2 mg, tR = 16.0 min)、4 (22.8 mg, tR = 21.5 min) 和5 (16.5 mg, tR = 32.0 min)。亚组分H4-2-3-2 (1.2 g) 经Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱分离, 依次用(甲醇-水, 10∶90~100∶0) 梯度洗脱, 得到(H4-2-3-2-1~H4-2-3-2-5) 五个组分; H4-2-3-2-4 (153.5 mg) 经半制备高效液相色谱(乙腈-水, 35∶65, 流速2 mL·min-1) 等度洗脱, 分离得到化合物1 (9.6 mg, tR = 21.0 min)、3 (8.5 mg, tR = 25.5 min) 和6 (21.3 mg, tR = 32.0 min)。H4-2-3-2-3 (125.0 mg) 经半制备高效液相色谱(乙腈-水, 21∶79, 流速2 mL·min-1) 等度洗脱, 分离得到化合物7 (8.0 mg, tR = 13.0 min)、8 (12.5 mg, tR = 15.0 min) 和11 (6.8 mg, tR = 18.5 min)。H-4-2-5 (2.1 g) 经Toyopreal HW-40凝胶柱分离, 依次用(甲醇-水, 5∶95~95∶5) 梯度洗脱, 得到(H4-2-5-1~H4-2-5-3) 三个组分; H4-2-5-2 (310.6 mg) 经半制备高效液相色谱(乙腈-水, 15∶85, 流速2 mL·min-1) 等度洗脱, 分离得到化合物9 (3.0 mg, tR = 12.0 min)、10 (5.5 mg, tR = 13.5 min) 和13 (12.0 mg, tR = 15.0 min)。H4-2-5-3 (985.3 mg) 经Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱分离, 依次用(甲醇-水, 10∶90~100∶0) 梯度洗脱, 得到(H4-2-5-3-1~H4-2-5-3-3) 三个亚组分; H-4-2-5-3-3 (225.6 mg) 经半制备高效液相(甲醇-水, 53∶37, 流速2 mL·min-1) 等度洗脱, 分离得到化合物15 (15.0 mg, tR = 15.0 min) 和16 (4.5 mg, tR = 15.0 min)。亚组分H4-2-1 (98.0 mg) 经半制备高效液相色谱(甲醇-水, 56∶44, 流速2 mL·min-1) 等度洗脱, 分离得到化合物12 (25.0 mg, tR = 11.0 min) 和14 (16.0 mg, tR = 17.0 min)。
化合物1  黄色晶体, 易溶于甲醇, 丙酮。紫外254 nm下显示黑色暗斑, 茴香醛-浓硫酸加热显色(105 ℃) 为绿色。[α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ -7.1 (c 0.1, CH3OH), UV (CH3OH) λmax: 214、273 nm, IR (CH3OH) vmax 3 342、1 679、1 613、1 440、1 260、1 016 cm-1, HR-ESI-MS m/z 355.078 8 [M+Na]+ (计算值C17H16O7, 355.078 8), 1H NMR和 13C NMR数据, 见表1。
化合物2  黄色晶体, 易溶于甲醇, 丙酮。紫外254 nm下显示黑色暗斑, 茴香醛-浓硫酸加热显色(105 ℃) 为绿色。UV (CH3OH) λmax: 206、270 nm, IR (CH3OH) vmax 3 350, 1 686, 1 647, 1 255, 1 026 cm-1, HR-ESI-MS m/z 353.099 6 [M+Na]+ (计算值C18H18O6Na, 353.099 5), 1H NMR和13C NMR数据, 见表1。
化合物3  无色蜡状固体, 熔点156.1 ℃, 易溶于DMSO, 紫外254 nm下显示黑色暗斑, 茴香醛-浓硫酸加热显色(105 ℃) 为紫色。[α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ -2.5 (c 0.22, CH3OH), UV (CH3OH) λmax: 206 nm, IR (CH3OH) vmax 3 390、1 647、1 026、776、738 cm-1, HR-ESI-MS m/z 207.099 5 [M+Na]+ (计算值C10H16O3Na, 207.099 2), 1H NMR和 13C NMR数据, 见表1。
化合物4  白色晶体, [α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ +15.8 (c 0.3, CH3OH), ESI-MS m/z: 223.094 0 [M+Na]+, 分子式为C10H16O4。1H NMR (CD3OD, 500 MHz) δH: 7.00 (1H, d, J = 5.2 Hz, H-1), 3.46 (2H, s, H-7), 2.34 (1H, d, J = 18.0 Hz, H-5a), 1.25 (1H, qd, J = 12.3, 5.2 Hz, H-5b), 2.13 (1H, m, H-3), 1.90 (1H, m, H-6a), 1.26 (1H, qd, J = 12.3, 5.2 Hz, H-6b), 1.75 (1H, s, H-4), 1.11 (3H, s, H-9); 13C NMR (CD3OD, 125 MHz) δC: 128.8 (C-1), 141.2 (C-2), 26.3 (C-3), 40.5 (C-4), 27.6 (C-5), 24.0 (C-6), 74.9 (C-7), 68.8 (C-8), 20.9 (C-9), 170.1 (C-10)。以上数据与文献[17]报道对照基本一致, 故鉴定化合物4为4-(1, 2-二羟基-1-甲基乙基)-1-环己烯-1-羧酸。由于化合物4的C-4和C-7的相对构型无法通过NOESY相关信号进行确定, 所以采用计算NMR的方式分别计算了(4S, 7R)-4和(4S, 7S)-4的碳谱, 通过DP4+分析确定C-4和C-7的构型为(4S, 7R), 然后经过ECD图谱计算, 将计算图谱与测试图谱进行拟合, 发现(4S, 7R)-4的计算图谱与(4S, 7R)-4的测试图谱一致(图3), 提示4的绝对构型为(4S, 7R)。本文首次确定了该化合物的绝对构型。
化合物5  橘色结晶状固体, [α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ +30.7 (c 0.10, CH3OH), ESI-MS m/z: 217.119 9 [M+Na]+, 分子式为C12H18O2。1H NMR (CD3OD, 500 MHz) δH: 5.86 (1H, s, H-6), 2.52 (1H, m, H-9a), 2.22 (1H, m, H-4a), 2.10 (1H, td, J = 13.6, 3.4 Hz, H-4b), 2.21 (1H, m, H-9b), 2.11 (1H, td, J = 13.6, 3.4 Hz, H-3), 2.09 (1H, td, J = 13.6, 3.4 Hz, H-2a), 1.86 (1H, m, H-2b), 1.87 (1H, m, H-8a), 1.46 (1H, d, J = 2.6 Hz, H-8b), 1.65 (1H, m, H-1a), 1.32 (1H, m, H-1b), 1.45 (3H, s, H-11), 1.34 (3H, s, H-12); 13C NMR (CD3OD, 125 MHz) δC: 42.1 (C-1), 18.1 (C-2), 41.3 (C-3), 70.9 (C-4), 170.6 (C-5), 123.2 (C-6), 200.3 (C-7), 40.8 (C-8), 34.5 (C-9), 36.4 (C-10), 24.7 (C-11), 28.9 (C-12)。以上数据与文献[18]报道对照基本一致, 故鉴定化合物5为teutenone A。
化合物6  黄色油状, [α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ +119.6 (c 0.10, CHCl3), ESI-MS m/z: 203.104 5 [M+Na]+, 分子式为C11H16O2。1H NMR (CD3OD, 500 MHz) δH: 5.70 (1H, s, H-3), 1.77 (1H, m, H-6a), 1.76 (1H, m, H-6b), 1.56 (3H, d, J = 0.7 Hz, H-8), 1.45 (2H, dt, J = 5.2 Hz, H-5), 1.28 (3H, s, H-9), 1.25 (3H, s, H-10); 13C NMR (CD3OD, 125 MHz) δC: 185.8 (C-2), 112.9 (C-3), 174.8 (C-3a), 37.9 (C-4), 41.2 (C-5), 20.6 (C-6), 42.8 (C-7), 89.3 (C-7a), 24.6 (C-8), 30.2 (C-9), 24.5 (C-10)。以上数据与文献[19]报道对照基本一致, 故鉴定化合物6为dihydroactinidiolide。
化合物7  白色油状, ESI-MS m/z: 257.151 2 [M+Na]+, 分子式为C15H22O2。1H NMR (CD3OD, 500 MHz) δH: 6.97 (1H, s, H-5), 4.89 (1H, s, H-12a), 4.72 (1H, s, H-12b), 2.45 (1H, m, H-3a), 2.17 (1H, m, H-3b), 2.23 (1H, m, H-2a), 1.15 (1H, m, H-2b), 1.97 (1H, m, H-6), 1.85 (1H, m, H-7), 1.78 (1H, m, H-9a), 0.85 (1H, m, H-9b), 1.75 (1H, m, H-8a), 1.46 (1H, m, H-8b), 1.27 (1H, m, H-1), 1.24 (1H, m, H-10), 0.95 (1H, d, J = 6.2 Hz, H-15), 0.87 (1H, m, H-13); 13C NMR (CD3OD, 125 MHz) δC: 45.5 (C-1), 26.2 (C-2), 25.3 (C-3), 129.6 (C-4), 144.6 (C-5), 50.6 (C-6), 43.6 (C-7), 32.6 (C-8), 35.8 (C-9), 36.6 (C-10), 147.5 (C-11), 112.8 (C-12), 19.6 (C-13), 172.3 (C-14), 19.7 (C-15)。以上数据与文献[20]报道对照基本一致, 故鉴定化合物7为丁基-4, 11-二烯-14-乙酸。
化合物8  黄色油状, ESI-MS m/z: 290.085 9 [M+Na]+, 分子式为C10H13N5O4。1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 500 MHz) δH: 8.34 (1H, s, H-8), 8.13 (1H, s, H-2), 5.87 (2H, d, J = 6.2 Hz, H-1′); 13C NMR (DMSO-d6, 125 MHz) δC: 152.4 (C-2), 156.2 (C-4), 119.4 (C-5), 139.9 (C-6), 87.9 (C-1′), 85.9 (C-2′), 70.7 (C-3′), 73.4 (C-4′), 61.7 (C-5′)。以上数据与文献[21]报道对照基本一致, 故鉴定化合物8为腺苷。
化合物9  白色固体, 熔点166.6 ℃, ESI-MS m/z: 267.058 7 [M+Na]+, 分子式为C9H12N2O6。1H NMR (CD3OD, 500 MHz) δH: 7.99 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz, H-6), 5.89 (1H, d, J = 4.7 Hz, H-1′), 5.69 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz, H-5), 4.17 (1H, t, J = 5.0 Hz, H-3′), 4.14 (1H, t, J = 5.0 Hz, H-2′), 4.07 (1H, m, H-4′), 3.83 (1H, dd, J = 12.2, 2.7 Hz, H-5a′), 3.72 (1H, dd, J = 12.2, 3.2 Hz, H-5b′); 13C NMR (CD3OD, 125 MHz) δC: 152.5 (C-2), 166.2 (C-4), 102.7 (C-5), 142.7 (C-6), 90.7 (C-1′), 71.3 (C-2′), 75.7 (C-3′), 86.3 (C-4′), 62.3 (C-5′)。以上数据与文献[22]报道对照基本一致, 故鉴定化合物9为尿苷。
化合物10  透明油状, ESI-MS m/z: 293.245 1 [M+Na]+, 分子式为C17H34O2。1H NMR (CD3OD, 500 MHz) δH: 2.27 (2H, t, J = 7.6 Hz, H-2), 2.01 (1H, m, H-3), 1.23 (22H, m, H-4-13, 14), 1.63 (2H, p, J = 7.1 Hz, H-15), 0.85 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz, H-16), 3.64 (3H, s, -OCH3); 13C NMR (CD3OD, 125 MHz) δC: 1180.9 (C-1), 34.9 (C-2), 26.1 (C-3), 30.7-30.2 (C-4-13), 33.1 (C-14), 23.7 (C-15), 14.5 (C-16), 51.9 (-OCH3)。以上数据与文献[23]报道对照基本一致, 故鉴定化合物10为甲基棕榈酸酯。
化合物11  黄色晶体, ESI-MS m/z: 189.052 2 [M+Na]+, 分子式为C9H10O3。1H NMR (CD3OD, 500 MHz) δH: 7.53 (1H, dd, J = 8.1, 2.1 Hz, H-6), 7.44 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz, H-2), 7.03 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz, H-5), 3.92 (3H, s, -OCH3), 2.49 (3H, s, H-8); 13C NMR (CD3OD, 125 MHz) δC: 131.8 (C-1), 115.2 (C-2), 147.2 (C-3), 152.5 (C-4), 111.4 (C-5), 122.3 (C-6), 196.5 (C-7), 26.4 (C-8), 56.3 (-OCH3)。以上数据与文献[24]报道对照基本一致, 故鉴定化合物11为1-(3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯基)乙酮。
化合物12  黄色晶体, ESI-MS m/z: 175.036 5 [M+Na]+, 分子式为C8H8O3。1H NMR (acetone-d6, 500 MHz) δH: 7.78 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz, H-2), 6.44 (1H, dd, J = 8.8, 2.4 Hz, H-3), 6.32 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz, H-5), 2.54 (3H, s, H-8); 13C NMR (acetone-d6, 125 MHz) δC: 114.2 (C-1), 134.4 (C-2), 158.2 (C-3), 165.7 (C-4), 103.4 (C-5), 108.7 (C-6), 203.7 (C-7), 26.3 (C-8)。以上数据与文献[25]报道对照基本一致, 故鉴定化合物12为3, 4-二羟基苯乙酮。
化合物13  黄色固体, 熔点260.8 ℃, ESI-MS m/z: 207.026 4 [M+Na]+, 分子式为C8H8O5。1H NMR (acetone-d6, 500 MHz) δH: 7.04 (2H, s, H-2, 6), 3.80 (3H, s, -OCH3); 13C NMR (acetone-d6, 125 MHz) δC: 121.4 (C-1), 110.0 (C-2, 6), 146.5 (C-3, 5), 139.7 (C-4), 169.0 (C-7), 52.3 (C-8)。以上数据与文献[26]报道对照基本一致, 故鉴定化合物13为没食子酸甲酯。
化合物14  黄色固体, 熔点204.0 ℃, ESI-MS m/z: 177.015 8 [M+Na]+, 分子式为C7H6O4。1H NMR (CD3OD, 500 MHz) δH: 7.34 (1H, dd, J = 8.0, 1.5 Hz, H-6), 6.96 (1H, dd, J = 8.0, 1.5 Hz, H-4), 6.70 (1H, t, H-5); 13C NMR (CD3OD, 125 MHz) δC: 174.3 (-COOH), 151.6 (C-1), 146.9 (C-2), 115.1 (C-3), 119.5 (C-4), 121.1 (C-5), 121.9 (C-6)。以上数据与文献[27]报道对照基本一致, 故鉴定化合物14为2, 3-二羟基苯甲酸。
化合物15  黄色固体, 熔点122.3 ℃, ESI-MS m/z: 145.026 0 [M+Na]+, 分子式为C7H6O2。1H NMR (CD3OD, 500 MHz) δH: 8.01 (2H, m, H-2, 6), 7.43 (2H, m, H-3, 5), 7.55 (1H, m, H-4); 13C NMR (CD3OD, 125 MHz) δC: 132.8 (C-1), 130.7 (C-2, 6), 129.5 (C-3, 5), 134.0 (C-4), 170.1 (C-7)。以上数据与文献[28]报道对照基本一致, 故鉴定化合物15为苯甲酸。
化合物16  无色固体, 熔点117.0 ℃, ESI-MS m/z: 409.162 1 [M+Na]+, 分子式为C22H26O6。1H NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz) δH: 6.94 (2H, br.s, H-2, 2′), 6.81 (2H, d, J = 8.1 Hz, H-6, 6′), 6.76 (2H, d, J = 8.1 Hz, H-5, 5′), 4.73 (2H, d, J = 3.7 Hz, H-7, 7′), 4.23 (2H, m, H-9a, 9′a), 3.84 (6H, s, -OCH3×2), 3.82 (2H, d, J = 2.7 Hz, H-9b, 9′b); 13C NMR (CDCl3, 125 MHz) δC: 133.2 (C-1, 1′), 110.9 (C-2, 2′), 147.5 (C-3, 3′), 149.3 (C-4, 4′), 116.2 (C-5, 5′), 120.3 (C-6, 6′), 87.5 (C-7, 7′), 55.4 (C-8, 8′), 72.6 (C-9, 9′)。以上数据与文献[29]报道对照基本一致, 故鉴定化合物16为松脂醇。
将50 µL的样品溶液(50 μmol·L-1) 和80 µL的三羟甲基氨基甲烷缓冲盐水(TBS, pH 6.8, 50 mmol·L-1) 依次加入实验组和背景实验组。此外, 向实验组中再加入20 µL的AChE (0.15 U·mL-1)。然后, 向96孔板中依次加入50 µL的ATCI (1.0 mmol·L-1) 和DTNB (50 µL, 1.0 mmol·L-1)。将96孔板在37 ℃下孵育10 min, 然后在412 nm处测量其吸光度。在本实验中, 多哌奈齐用作阳性对照药[30]。
采用GraphPad Prism 5统计软件进行数据分析, 并计算各化合物对AChE的抑制作用的IC50值。
为了确定化合物2与AChE的相互作用强度, 使用Schrodinger Maestro 12.8将化合物2和AChE蛋白进行对接。从PDB (http://www.rcsb.org/) 下载AchE的pdb格式文件; 从ChemBioDraw软件获得化合物2的mol2格式文件, 并使用OPLS-2005力场将蛋白最小化。随后, 将mol2和pdb格式导入Schrodinger Maestro 12.8进行分子对接, 并计算结合能。在PyMol中进行可视化。
3和4的构象搜索通过GMMX软件使用MMFF94力场进行。用Gaussian 2016软件包的密度泛函理论(DFT) 在B3LYP/6-31G水平上对构象进行几何优化。进一步使用TDDFT方法在B3LYP/6-311G (d) 水平于DMSO-d6以及CH3OH中对玻尔兹曼分布超过1%的构象进行ECD图谱计算。使用软件SpecDis版本1.71根据玻尔兹曼分布理论模拟ECD曲线[31]。NMR计算方法与之前文献[32]报道的方法一致。

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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0855
  • 接收时间:2025-07-21
  • 首发时间:2026-09-21
  • 出版时间:2026-01-12
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-21
  • 修回日期:2025-09-24
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    1河南中医药大学药学院, 河南 郑州 450046
    2河南省中药开发工程技术研究中心, 河南 郑州 450046

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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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