Article(id=1308468304310464908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308468301072458736, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0637, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1749139200000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-06, revisedDate=1752422400000, revisedDateStr=2025-07-14, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789892753913, onlineDateStr=2026-09-20, pubDate=1765468800000, pubDateStr=2025-12-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789892753913, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789892753913, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789892753913, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1308468301072458736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2025', volume='60', issue='12', pageStart='3545', pageEnd='3798', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1765468800000', pubDateStr='2025-12-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789892753141, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789893218933, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1308470254842175559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308468301072458736, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1308470254842175560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308468301072458736, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3742, endPage=3748, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1308468304511791501, articleId=1308468304310464908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Establishment of in vivo models for trichogenic activities evaluation via hair follicle cycle regulation, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Hair follicle is the organ of hair growth. Hair growth is highly associated with hair follicle cycle, which can be assessed by both promoting hair follicles from telogen to anagen and prolonging the anagen duration. In this study, according to the investigation of the hair follicle cycle in C57BL/6J mice, an evaluation model for the activity of hair follicles entering the anagen was established. Then, the hair follicle cycle was synchronized by beeswax-depilation, and the correspondence between the skin phenotypes and each phase of the hair follicle cycle was quantified, and the efficacy evaluation model for prolonging the anagen duration was innovatively constructed. Two mouse models established in this study can be utilized for active substances discovery and pharmacodynamic evaluation in vivo, which provides the methodology for development of hair growth promoting-drugs and health products. All animal experiments were approved by the Animal Care & Welfare Committee of Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (approval numbers: 00001932, 00001933, 00007786, and 00007787).

, authors=Hao SONG, Ying GUO*, authorsList=Hao SONG, Ying GUO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ying GUO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1308468306105627030, articleId=1308468304310464908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=调控毛囊周期促生发活性体内药效学评价模型的构建, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

毛囊(hair follicle) 是毛发生长的器官。毛发生长与毛囊周期(hair follicle cycle) 密切相关, 促毛囊从休止期进入生长期和延长毛囊生长期均可实现促毛发生长。本研究在考察C57BL/6J小鼠毛囊周期的基础上, 构建了促毛囊进入生长期活性评价模型; 通过蜜蜡脱毛同步化毛囊周期, 量化皮肤表型与毛囊周期各阶段的对应关系, 创新性地构建了延长毛囊生长期药效评价模型。本研究构建的两种小鼠模型可用于促生发活性物质发现和体内药效学评价, 为促生发药物和保健品的开发提供方法。所有动物实验均经过中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所实验动物管理与动物福利委员会批准(批准号: 00001932、00001933、00007786和00007787)。

, authors=宋昊, 郭颖*, authorsList=宋昊, 郭颖, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=郭颖, authorNote=

作者贡献:

宋昊负责完成实验、数据分析和文章撰写; 郭颖负责课题设计、指导和论文修改。

, correspAuthorsNote=
郭颖, Tel: 86-10-63161716, E-mail:
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Controls of hair follicle cycling [J]. 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A: Schematic diagram of the experimental model; B: Representative dorsal skin photographs of mice of model group and 2% minoxidil group; C: Body weight curves over time; D: Schematic illustration and formula for calculating hair growth score; E: Hair growth score of model group and 2% minoxidil group; F: Hair follicles histological analysis of two groups on Day 16, showing longitudinal (top panel) and transversal (bottom panel) sections. 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Scale bars are marked at the bottom-left corner of each image; C: Schematic representation of synchronized hair follicle cycle after depilation; D: Quantification of dorsal skin color across different days after depilation. n = 5, mean ± SD, figureFileSmall=FQrlnLWKWWT7qRrSlcTX4Q==, figureFileBig=V/6Baynwfa/LvLvnsdmGog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308499854968586513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308468304310464908, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=ZTCkvzq1DcatXMa4e921Pg==, figureFileBig=N3b5DcKT8AiaLL6b2OUojQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308499855027306770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308468304310464908, language=CN, label=Fig.4, caption=Establishment of the model for evaluating duration of hair follicle anagen. A: Schematic representation of model establishment; B: Representative dorsal skin photographs of mice of model group and 2% minoxidil group; C: Quantification of skin color of two groups; D: Body weight curves over time. n = 5, mean ± SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, figureFileSmall=ZTCkvzq1DcatXMa4e921Pg==, figureFileBig=N3b5DcKT8AiaLL6b2OUojQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308499855090221331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308468304310464908, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ModelPurposeDepilation methodObservation durationQuantification approachPositive control & dosageInitial treatment
Anagen entryEvaluation of the transition from telogen to anagenShaving16 daysHair growth score2% (w/v) minoxidil topical treatment 300 μL, qdStart on the 1st day post-depilation
Anagen durationEvaluation of the duration of anagenBeeswax24 daysRelative grey scoreStart on the 8th day post-depilation
), ArticleFig(id=1308499855157330196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308468304310464908, language=CN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Comparison of two models for trichogenic activities evaluation

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ModelPurposeDepilation methodObservation durationQuantification approachPositive control & dosageInitial treatment
Anagen entryEvaluation of the transition from telogen to anagenShaving16 daysHair growth score2% (w/v) minoxidil topical treatment 300 μL, qdStart on the 1st day post-depilation
Anagen durationEvaluation of the duration of anagenBeeswax24 daysRelative grey scoreStart on the 8th day post-depilation
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调控毛囊周期促生发活性体内药效学评价模型的构建
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宋昊 , 郭颖 *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2025,60(12): 3742-3748
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药学学报 |研究论文 2025 , 60 (12) : 3742 -3748
调控毛囊周期促生发活性体内药效学评价模型的构建
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宋昊, 郭颖*
作者信息
  • 中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 新药作用机制与药效评价北京市重点实验室, 北京 100050
通讯作者:
郭颖, Tel: 86-10-63161716, E-mail:
作者简介:

作者贡献:

宋昊负责完成实验、数据分析和文章撰写; 郭颖负责课题设计、指导和论文修改。

Establishment of in vivo models for trichogenic activities evaluation via hair follicle cycle regulation
Hao SONG, Ying GUO*
Affiliations
  • Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
出版时间: 2025-12-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0637
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毛囊(hair follicle) 是毛发生长的器官。毛发生长与毛囊周期(hair follicle cycle) 密切相关, 促毛囊从休止期进入生长期和延长毛囊生长期均可实现促毛发生长。本研究在考察C57BL/6J小鼠毛囊周期的基础上, 构建了促毛囊进入生长期活性评价模型; 通过蜜蜡脱毛同步化毛囊周期, 量化皮肤表型与毛囊周期各阶段的对应关系, 创新性地构建了延长毛囊生长期药效评价模型。本研究构建的两种小鼠模型可用于促生发活性物质发现和体内药效学评价, 为促生发药物和保健品的开发提供方法。所有动物实验均经过中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所实验动物管理与动物福利委员会批准(批准号: 00001932、00001933、00007786和00007787)。

毛囊  /  促生发  /  毛囊周期  /  脱发  /  毛发生长体内模型

Hair follicle is the organ of hair growth. Hair growth is highly associated with hair follicle cycle, which can be assessed by both promoting hair follicles from telogen to anagen and prolonging the anagen duration. In this study, according to the investigation of the hair follicle cycle in C57BL/6J mice, an evaluation model for the activity of hair follicles entering the anagen was established. Then, the hair follicle cycle was synchronized by beeswax-depilation, and the correspondence between the skin phenotypes and each phase of the hair follicle cycle was quantified, and the efficacy evaluation model for prolonging the anagen duration was innovatively constructed. Two mouse models established in this study can be utilized for active substances discovery and pharmacodynamic evaluation in vivo, which provides the methodology for development of hair growth promoting-drugs and health products. All animal experiments were approved by the Animal Care & Welfare Committee of Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (approval numbers: 00001932, 00001933, 00007786, and 00007787).

hair follicle  /  promoting hair growth  /  hair follicle cycle  /  alopecia  /  hair growth model in vivo
宋昊, 郭颖. 调控毛囊周期促生发活性体内药效学评价模型的构建. 药学学报, 2025 , 60 (12) : 3742 -3748 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0637
Hao SONG, Ying GUO. Establishment of in vivo models for trichogenic activities evaluation via hair follicle cycle regulation[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2025 , 60 (12) : 3742 -3748 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0637
毛囊是皮肤附属器官, 结构复杂, 与毛发生长密切相关[1-3]。毛囊生长具有精密的周期性, 称为毛囊周期或毛发生长周期[1-4]。毛囊周期分为生长期(anagen)、退行期(catagen) 和休止期(telogen), 3个阶段序贯循环往复并有相应的形态特征[3, 5]。生长期是人毛发生长主要时期, 约2~6年, 占比约85%。生长期毛囊发育成熟, 毛囊下端毛球达皮下组织层底部。退行期是生长期毛囊向休止期转变的过渡时期, 时长2~3周, 占比约5%, 此阶段毛发生长变缓, 毛球皱缩并向上达真皮层。休止期时长2~4个月, 占比约10%, 此时毛发停止生长, 毛囊全部处于表皮和真皮层, 存留在毛囊内的毛干会在下一个毛囊周期中被新生毛干顶替并从毛囊内移除[1-6]。
毛囊周期异常时, 如生长期毛囊快速进入休止期, 或休止期毛囊不再进入生长期, 导致生长期毛囊占比降低, 临床表现为脱发或发量减少。如雄激素脱发(androgenetic alopecia, AGA)、斑秃(alopecia areata, AA) 和休止期脱发(telogen effluvium, TE)[7], 其中AGA是由于患者雄激素分泌异常, 导致毛囊生长期变短, 休止期毛囊比例增加, 致使毛发稀疏[8, 9]; AA是由于毛囊免疫豁免被破坏而受到免疫细胞攻击, 导致毛囊快速进入休止期[10]; TE是由于毛囊周期停滞于休止期, 引起落发增多[11]。
改善毛囊周期是促毛发生长重要途径[3, 12], 若能促进毛囊从休止期进入生长期和/或推迟生长期毛囊进入退行期, 则可增加生长期毛囊占比, 实现促毛发生长。米诺地尔是应用最广泛的治疗脱发药物, 可作用于毛囊干细胞和毛乳头细胞, 发挥促毛囊进入生长期和延长生长期作用[13, 14]。此外, 多种天然物质也可通过改善毛囊周期发挥促生发活性, 如侧柏叶、锯棕榈和人参提取物等已被用于洗护产品或保健品[15, 16]。
现有促生发活性体内药效学评价模型大多是用于评价促毛囊进入生长期活性, 多数研究采用C57BL/6J小鼠[16-19], 但不同建模方案的小鼠日龄、操作过程和评价标准不完全一致, 导致实验结果差异较大。此外, 针对延长生长期活性体内药效学评价方法尚无报道。本研究通过精密考察不同日龄C57BL/6J雌性小鼠毛囊周期, 确定用于促毛囊进入生长期模型小鼠的优选日龄并建立定量评价方法; 同时, 本研究考察并量化蜜蜡脱毛小鼠皮肤颜色与毛囊周期对应关系, 创新性地建立了延长毛囊生长期活性评价模型。本研究构建的促毛囊进入生长期和延长毛囊生长期活性评价模型可为系统评价受试物质促生发体内药效学提供方法学基础。
实验动物  SPF级雌性C57BL/6J小鼠, 43~53日龄, 购自北京华阜康生物科技股份有限公司, 许可证编号SCXK (京) 2019-0008。实验动物于中国医学科学院药物研究所SPF级动物房饲养, 12 h明暗循环, 自由进食饮水。所有动物实验均经过中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所实验动物管理与动物福利委员会批准(批准号: 00001932、00001933、00007786和00007787)。
实验试剂  米诺地尔(上海陶素生物科技有限公司, 货号T0451, 批号158302); 无水乙醇(北京市广通精细化工公司, 批号20231122); 多聚甲醛(Sigma-Aldrich公司, 货号P6148, 批号MKCM9942); 1, 2-丙二醇(上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司, 货号P815581, 批号C15611948); 异氟烷(深圳瑞沃德生命科技有限公司); 蜜蜡脱毛纸(薇婷牌, 货号3207197, 批号C230322130)。
实验仪器  单反数码相机(尼康, 型号D5300); 拍摄支架(DIGIPOD, 型号TR564); R520移动式小动物麻醉机(深圳瑞沃德生命科技有限公司); BS124S电子分析天平(德国Sartorius公司); 电动剃毛器(HTC牌, 型号AT-588)。
考察不同日龄小鼠背部毛囊周期  相同日龄小鼠按体重随机分为6组, 每组6只。6组小鼠分别于43、45、47、49、51和53日龄脱毛: 小鼠气麻后, 剃除背部4 cm × 3 cm区域毛发, 然后对剃毛区蜜蜡脱毛, 拍照记录。
观察小鼠毛发生长  5只49日龄小鼠气麻后, 剃除背部4 cm × 3 cm区域毛发, 每4天拍照记录小鼠背部情况。
促毛囊进入生长期活性评价模型  49日龄小鼠按体重随机分为2组, 溶剂组8只, 米诺地尔组6只。第0天, 各组小鼠气麻后剃除背部4 cm × 3 cm区域毛发。第1天开始, 每日米诺地尔组小鼠背部外涂2% (w/v) 米诺地尔溶液300 μL, 溶剂组外涂等量溶剂(乙醇∶水∶丙二醇= 5∶3∶2, v∶v∶v), 连续15天。每日称重, 每2日背部拍照并计算背部毛发生长评分(dorsal hair growth score)。第16天处死小鼠, 皮肤取材。
背部毛发生长评分  应用ImageJ软件依据小鼠背部皮肤颜色划分区域并统计面积。对各区域评分, 0分: 皮肤呈嫩粉色; 1分: 皮肤呈浅灰色或灰白色; 2分: 皮肤呈深灰色且未有毛发长出; 3分: 皮肤呈灰黑色且毛发明显长出。计算各分值皮肤面积占比并加权求和得到背部毛发生长评分。
蜜蜡脱毛同步化毛囊周期  取53日龄小鼠13只。第0天, 气麻后背部4 cm × 3 cm区域蜜蜡脱毛。第1~15天, 每2日背部拍照并灰度分析; 第16~24天, 每日拍照并灰度分析。第0天, 随机处死1只小鼠, 皮肤取材; 第6~24天, 每2天随机处死1只小鼠, 皮肤取材。
皮肤相对灰度评分  应用ImageJ软件计算小鼠背部中央3 cm × 2 cm区域灰度, 并计算每只小鼠的相对灰度评分(relative grey score), 公式(1) 如下:
$ Relativegreyscor{e}_{\mathrm{D}\mathrm{a}{\mathrm{y}}_{\mathrm{N}}}=\\\frac{Greyvalu{e}_{\mathrm{D}\mathrm{a}{\mathrm{y}}_{\mathrm{N}}}-Greyvalu{e}_{\mathrm{D}\mathrm{a}{\mathrm{y}}_{0}}}{Greyvalu{e}_{\mathrm{D}\mathrm{a}{\mathrm{y}}_{12}}-Greyvalu{e}_{\mathrm{D}\mathrm{a}{\mathrm{y}}_{0}}}\times 100 $
延长毛囊生长期活性评价模型  53日龄小鼠按体重随机分为溶剂组和米诺地尔组, 每组5只。第0天, 小鼠气麻后背部4 cm × 3 cm区域蜜蜡脱毛, 拍照记录。第8~23天, 每日米诺地尔组小鼠背部外涂2% (w/v) 米诺地尔溶液300 μL, 溶剂组外涂等量溶剂(乙醇∶水∶丙二醇= 5∶3∶2, v∶v∶v)。第8~18天, 每2日拍照并灰度分析; 第18~24天, 每日拍照并灰度分析。每日称重。
毛囊组织学检查  小鼠背部皮肤组织于4%多聚甲醛中固定24 h, 石蜡包埋, 以5 μm厚度制备切片, 苏木素-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin, H&E) 染色, 镜检。
统计学分析  使用SPSS 26.0软件统计分析, GraphPad Prism 10.0软件绘图。结果以均值±标准差(mean ± SD) 表示, 组间进行student's t检验。
C57BL/6J小鼠是研究毛囊周期的经典实验动物, 该品系小鼠皮肤颜色因不同毛囊周期阶段的黑色素含量不同而改变, 可根据皮肤颜色表征毛囊周期[17]。C57BL/6J小鼠毛囊周期如图1A所示: 生长期毛囊皮肤为灰黑色, 退行期毛囊皮肤为灰白色, 休止期毛囊皮肤为嫩粉色[17]。小鼠第一个毛囊周期自4周龄开始, 为同步化毛发生长, 即全身毛囊周期同步变化; 自第二个毛囊周期, 小鼠毛囊呈非同步化毛发生长, 也称“波状毛发生长”[20-23], 促毛发进入生长期模型是利用小鼠第一个毛囊周期同步化的特点, 以第一个毛囊周期休止期作为起点考察进入第二个毛囊周期生长期的进程。
为明确小鼠在第一个毛囊周期进入休止期的准确日龄, 本研究观察并记录43、45、47、49、51和53日龄C57BL/6J小鼠背部皮肤颜色。结果显示(图1B), 43日龄小鼠背部皮肤呈灰黑色, 提示毛囊处于生长期; 45~47日龄小鼠背部灰黑色渐褪, 提示毛囊进入退行期; 49~53日龄小鼠背部为嫩粉色, 提示毛囊处于休止期。以上结果显示: 43~53日龄小鼠背部颜色均匀, 无明显区域性色块, 符合第一个毛囊周期同步化毛发生长特点; 49日龄小鼠背部毛囊均处于休止期。为明确49日龄小鼠是否可用于考察毛囊进入第二个毛囊周期生长期的起点, 本研究进一步考察49日龄小鼠从第一个毛囊周期休止期向生长期转化过程。结果显示(图1C), 65~69日龄小鼠背部出现黑色斑块并长出毛发, 表明小鼠部分休止期毛囊向生长期转化; 其后, 毛发斑块向四周扩大直至布满背部。小鼠在第二个毛囊周期转化过程不一致, 为非同步化毛发生长。需要指出, 先出现皮肤变黑和毛发生长的区域也会早于其他部位变为嫩粉色(图1C, 黄色箭头所示), 即先进入生长期的毛囊也会先行进入休止期, 形成“波状毛发生长”[20-23]。上述结果提示, 49日龄C57BL/6J小鼠可用于构建评价毛囊进入生长期模型。
应用49日龄小鼠建模, 背部剃毛, 以2% (w/v) 米诺地尔为阳性药(外涂给药, 每日1次, 连续15天, 图2A), 模型组涂等量溶剂。结果显示, 模型组小鼠剃毛后前10天未见毛发生长, Day 12小鼠背部局部出现黑色斑块; Day 14~16, 出现少量毛发生长(图2B)。米诺地尔组小鼠毛发生长显著快于模型组: Day 6~8, 小鼠背部出现黑色斑块, 且斑块面积快速变大并在Day 12长出大量毛发(图2B)。毛发生长评分结果显示(图2D、E), 米诺地尔组自Day 6至实验结束, 背部毛发生长评分均显著高于模型组, 提示米诺地尔可促进休止期毛囊进入生长期。此外, 不同于图1C所示的“波状毛发生长”, 米诺地尔组小鼠黑色斑块在扩大的同时, 未见向嫩粉色转变, 提示米诺地尔还具有维持生长期潜力。Day 16小鼠皮肤组织学检测结果显示(图2F), 模型组小鼠毛囊仍处于休止期: 毛囊位于表皮和真皮层, 部分毛干脱出, 残存毛干根部呈杵状, 毛囊下端具有次级毛胚芽结构, 毛乳头呈梭状贴附于次级毛胚芽下方, 残存毛干与外根鞘分离。米诺地尔组毛囊处于生长期: 毛囊下端深入皮下组织层并紧贴肌肉薄层; 毛球部饱满, 毛乳头被毛母质包绕; 毛乳头下端与结缔组织鞘相连并向外延伸包裹毛囊; 黑色毛干经毛囊漏斗部延伸至皮肤外。
上述结果提示, 应用处于第一个毛囊周期休止期的C57BL/6J小鼠建模, 可评价受试物对休止期毛囊进入生长期的影响, 明确受试物质对毛囊周期影响的时效关系, 发现促毛囊自休止期进入生长期的活性物质。
延长毛囊生长期活性是以推迟毛囊由生长期进入退行期作为评价指标, 获得同步化生长期-退行期转化过程的实验动物是构建模型的前提。蜜蜡脱毛可实现脱毛区域毛囊同步生长[17]。为明确同步化毛囊自生长期进入退行期时程, 本研究先考察了蜜蜡脱毛后小鼠皮肤和毛囊组织形态变化过程, 确定两者对应关系。图3A、B为53日龄小鼠蜜蜡脱毛后24天内的背部皮肤颜色和毛囊形态变化: Day 0, 皮肤呈嫩粉色, 毛囊位于皮肤表皮和真皮层, 处于休止期; Day 6, 皮肤变为浅灰色, 毛囊毛球膨大并处于皮下组织浅层, 毛乳头呈梭状被毛母质包裹, 毛母质内出现黑色素颗粒, 毛干未形成, 为Ⅲ~Ⅳ期生长期毛囊; Day 8, 皮肤为灰黑色并长出毛发, 毛囊毛球饱满并深入皮下组织, 毛乳头被毛母质和结缔组织鞘包裹, 内外根鞘结构明显, 为Ⅴ~Ⅵ期生长期毛囊; Day 10~16, 皮肤颜色加深, 毛囊仍处于Ⅵ期生长期; Day 17~18, 小鼠背部皮肤由上至下依次呈灰粉色、灰白色和灰黑色, 组织学显示近头部的皮肤毛囊呈杵状毛发样, 下端皱缩并向真皮层移动, 毛球部结构消失, 毛乳头呈球状并被结缔组织鞘包裹, 为退行期毛囊(图3B, Day 18, i图); 背中央的皮肤毛囊仍有毛球结构, 体积小于生长期毛囊, 结缔组织鞘增厚, 毛干根部与毛乳头分离, 同为退行期毛囊(ii图); 近尾部的皮肤毛囊仍处于VI期生长期(iii图); Day 19~22, 嫩粉色皮肤由颈部向尾部转变, 毛囊结缔组织鞘退化, 毛乳头处于皮下组织浅层或皮下组织与真皮的分界线处; Day 24, 皮肤呈均匀嫩粉色, 毛囊形态与Day 0相同, 毛囊再次回到休止期。上述结果表明, 蜜蜡脱毛可将休止期毛囊同步化进入生长期, 并在随后24天内获得一个完整且同步的毛囊周期, 皮肤颜色可反映毛囊周期的不同阶段(图3C), 通过测定背部皮肤相对灰度即可实现对毛囊周期的量化评价(图3D)。
本研究利用蜜蜡脱毛同步化毛囊周期的小鼠建模, 观测毛囊自生长期进入退行期过程。模型以米诺地尔为阳性药, 自Day 8 (毛囊进入生长期V~VI期) 外涂2% (w/v) 米诺地尔, 每天1次, 连续16天(图4A), 模型组外涂等量溶剂。实验结果显示(图4B~D): Day 8~18, 米诺地尔组与模型组小鼠背部变化一致; Day 19, 模型组小鼠颈部和中央皮肤出现嫩粉色, 米诺地尔组小鼠背部中部皮肤仍为灰黑色, 灰度评分显著高于模型组(P < 0.05); Day 20, 米诺地尔组评分仍显著大于模型组(P < 0.01), 即米诺地尔可延缓小鼠皮肤从灰黑色转化为粉色。基于蜜蜡脱毛后皮肤表型与毛囊周期的对应关系(Day 18~20为生长期向退行期的转化阶段, 图3B), 提示米诺地尔可延长毛囊生长期2~3天。
上述结果提示: 利用蜜蜡脱毛小鼠同步化毛囊周期可建立考察毛囊生长期时程的药理学模型, 该模型通过考察毛囊从生长期向退行期转化过程, 可评价受试物对生长期整体时长的影响, 从而获得延长毛囊生长期活性物质。本模型采用的相对灰度评分量化指定区域皮肤颜色变化, 结合皮肤表型与毛囊周期对应关系, 辨析受试物质对毛囊周期的影响。
毛囊周期异常是脱发的共性, 主要表现为毛囊生长期快速进入退行期和/或休止期毛囊难以转化为生长期, 最终导致生长期毛囊占比减少[8, 10-12]。增加生长期在毛囊周期中的占比可实现促进毛发生长的目的, 包括两种途径: 促进毛囊从休止期进入生长期和延迟毛囊从生长期进入退行期[12]。本研究对两种促生发途径小鼠模型进行研究, 首先考察C57BL/6J小鼠毛囊周期与日龄的关系, 确定实验小鼠日龄和实验时长, 并实现休止期毛囊向生长期转化的定量评价, 所建模型可用于发现促毛囊进入生长期活性物质; 本研究还考察了蜜蜡脱毛同步化小鼠毛囊周期, 明确并量化脱毛后小鼠皮肤表型和毛囊周期关系, 创新性地构建了评价毛囊生长期时程模型, 可用于获得延长生长期活性物质。联用两种模型可综合考量促生发物质对毛囊周期的影响, 表1总结了两种模型的异同点。
米诺地尔酊剂是临床常用的促毛发生长药物, 市售规格为2% (w/v) 和5% (w/v)。研究显示, 米诺地尔促生发机制与激活毛囊干细胞和毛乳头细胞的Wnt/β-catenin信号通路相关[13, 14]。本研究采用2% (w/v) 米诺地尔酊剂为阳性药, 并在两种模型中均显示较好活性, 该结果与米诺地尔临床有效性一致。本研究构建的促毛囊进入生长期和延长毛囊生长期模型可用于促生发活性物质发现和体内药效学评价, 为促生发保健品和药物的开发提供方法。

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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0637
  • 接收时间:2025-06-06
  • 首发时间:2026-09-20
  • 出版时间:2025-12-12
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-06
  • 修回日期:2025-07-14
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    中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 新药作用机制与药效评价北京市重点实验室, 北京 100050

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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genus
种数
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species
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total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
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species
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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