Article(id=1308468000168890622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308467818098357056, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0437, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1744819200000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-17, revisedDate=1755619200000, revisedDateStr=2025-08-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789892681400, onlineDateStr=2026-09-20, pubDate=1762876800000, pubDateStr=2025-11-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789892681400, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789892681400, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789892681400, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1308467818098357056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2025', volume='60', issue='11', pageStart='3263', pageEnd='3544', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1762876800000', pubDateStr='2025-11-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789892637990, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789893243047, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1308470355954262098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308467818098357056, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1308470355954262099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308467818098357056, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3483, endPage=3490, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1308468000361828608, articleId=1308468000168890622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Qualitative and quantitative assessment of related substances in baicalin eye drops, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Baicalin eye drops have broad clinical application prospects in the treatment of ocular diseases. However, there is still a lack of qualitative and quantitative research on the related substances in them. This study first established an analytical method for related substances in baicalin eye drops, providing a scientific basis for product development and quality control. Through LC-Q/TOF-MS/MS, seven related substances were preliminarily identified in baicalin eye drops, namely scutellarin, oroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide, oroxin A, quercetin-7-O-glucuronide/quercetin 3-O-glucuronide, chrysin-7-O-glucuronide, baicalein, and scutellarein. The quantitative analysis of oroxin A, scutellarin and oroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide was carried out by HPLC. The chromatographic column was the NanoChrom AR C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase was 0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution (A)-acetonitrile (B), with gradient elution. The column temperature was 20 ℃, the flow rate was 0.8 mL·min-1, and the detection wavelength was 254 nm. The established method has strong specificity, high sensitivity, and good precision. In this study, a method for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of related substances in baicalin eye drops was established, providing a basis for ensuring their quality.

, authors=Hong-fang ZHAO1, Yue CHEN1, Tao WU2, Ke-xin PAN2, Jun LU2, Qing LI1, *, authorsList=Hong-fang ZHAO, Yue CHEN, Tao WU, Ke-xin PAN, Jun LU, Qing LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qing LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1308468003264286985, articleId=1308468000168890622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=黄芩苷滴眼液中有关物质的定性与定量分析, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

黄芩苷滴眼液在眼部疾病治疗中具有广阔的临床应用前景, 但尚缺乏对其有关物质的定性与定量研究。本文首次建立了黄芩苷滴眼液中有关物质的分析方法, 为产品开发与质量控制提供了科学依据。通过LC-Q/TOF-MS/MS初步鉴定出黄芩苷滴眼液中含有7种有关物质, 分别为野黄芩苷、千层纸素A-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷、木蝴蝶苷A、槲皮素7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷/槲皮素3-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷、白杨素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷、黄芩素及野黄芩素。采用HPLC法对木蝴蝶苷A、野黄芩苷和千层纸素A-7-O-β-葡萄糖醛酸苷进行定量分析, 色谱柱为纳谱AR C18柱(250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), 流动相为0.1%磷酸水溶液(A)-乙腈(B), 梯度洗脱, 柱温20 ℃, 流速0.8 mL·min-1, 检测波长254 nm。建立的方法专属性强、灵敏度高且精密度良好。本研究建立了黄芩苷滴眼液中有关物质的定性与定量分析方法, 为保障其质量提供了依据。

, authors=赵红芳1, 陈悦1, 吴涛2, 潘可欣2, 卢骏2, 李清1, *, authorsList=赵红芳, 陈悦, 吴涛, 潘可欣, 卢骏, 李清, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=李清, authorNote=

作者贡献:

赵红芳主要进行了本文的实验设计、色谱分析方法的建立、实验数据的处理、撰写文章等; 陈悦主要参与了色谱方法的建立、实验数据的处理等; 吴涛对本文的选题与设计、实验思路及方法建立提供了专业的指导; 潘可欣对实验数据的处理提供了帮助; 卢骏对实验思路及文章修改提供了宝贵的修改建议; 李清对本文的选题与设计、实验思路、色谱方法建立及文章修改提供了专业指导。

, correspAuthorsNote=
李清, Tel: 86-24-43510589, E-mail:
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A: Baicalin; B: Quercetin-7-O-glucuronide/Quercetin-3-O-glucuronide; C: Scutellarin; D: Oroxin A; E: Scutellarein; F: Baicalein; G: Oroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide; H: Chrysin-7-O-glucuronide, figureFileSmall=ZJaVBdxYtS7cKHy+A8zfZg==, figureFileBig=YwJGtvkiWuSLML3QumsQrA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308498714675741344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308468000168890622, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Dw0XnMl11O1mQ05YiLcjqQ==, figureFileBig=Olkj+2LiqxX5dHPm+sQppw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308498714734461601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308468000168890622, language=CN, label=Fig.3, caption=Product ion MS/MS spectrum of baicalin and baicalin impurities. A: Baicalin; B: Quercetin-7-O-glucuronide/quercetin-3-O-glucuronide; C: Scutellarin; D: Oroxin A; E: Scutellarein; F: Baicalein; G: Oroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide; H: Chrysin-7-O-glucuronide, figureFileSmall=Dw0XnMl11O1mQ05YiLcjqQ==, figureFileBig=Olkj+2LiqxX5dHPm+sQppw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308498716399600290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308468000168890622, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=V/E2f3ZN9T3mpdQ1QOIUDQ==, figureFileBig=+s22a6h84PEIgUiK0rbzqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308498716483486371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308468000168890622, language=CN, label=Fig.4, caption=Chromatogram of specificity. A: Scutellarin, baicalin and oroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide mixed reference substance; B: Oroxin A reference substance; C: Sample solution. 1: Scutellarin; 2: Oroxin A; 3: Baicalin; 4: Oroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide, figureFileSmall=V/E2f3ZN9T3mpdQ1QOIUDQ==, figureFileBig=+s22a6h84PEIgUiK0rbzqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308498716567372452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308468000168890622, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No.IdentificationFormulaAdduct modeTheoretical mass (m/z)Measured mass (m/z)Error /ppmtR/minMain fragment ion
1Baicalin*C21H18O11[M+H]+447.092 2447.088 3-1.531.27271.057 8
2Quercetin-7-O-glucuronide/Quercetin-3-O-glucuronideC21H18O13[M+H]+479.082 0479.081 9-0.26.77303.049 2
3Scutellarin*C21H18O12[M+H]+463.087 1463.086 6-1.15.46287.053 9, 269.043 6, 241.048 2
4Oroxin A*C21H20O10[M+H]+433.112 9433.112 5-0.930.42271.059 4
5ScutellareinC15H10O6[M+H]+287.055 0287.053 30.231.34269.043 4, 241.048 6
6Baicalein*C15H10O5[M+H]+271.060 1271.060 00.944.1253.048 4
7Oroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide*C22H20O11[M+H]+461.107 8461.106 5-1.55.58285.074 9
8Chrysin-7-O-glucuronideC21H18O10[M+H]+431.097 3431.099 7-0.455.78255.065 2, 226.949 7
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Identification of chemical constituents of preparations by HPLC-TOF-MS. *Identified with reference standard

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No.IdentificationFormulaAdduct modeTheoretical mass (m/z)Measured mass (m/z)Error /ppmtR/minMain fragment ion
1Baicalin*C21H18O11[M+H]+447.092 2447.088 3-1.531.27271.057 8
2Quercetin-7-O-glucuronide/Quercetin-3-O-glucuronideC21H18O13[M+H]+479.082 0479.081 9-0.26.77303.049 2
3Scutellarin*C21H18O12[M+H]+463.087 1463.086 6-1.15.46287.053 9, 269.043 6, 241.048 2
4Oroxin A*C21H20O10[M+H]+433.112 9433.112 5-0.930.42271.059 4
5ScutellareinC15H10O6[M+H]+287.055 0287.053 30.231.34269.043 4, 241.048 6
6Baicalein*C15H10O5[M+H]+271.060 1271.060 00.944.1253.048 4
7Oroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide*C22H20O11[M+H]+461.107 8461.106 5-1.55.58285.074 9
8Chrysin-7-O-glucuronideC21H18O10[M+H]+431.097 3431.099 7-0.455.78255.065 2, 226.949 7
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AnalyteLinear equationR2Linear range /μg·mL-1
Baicaliny = 0.535 1 x - 0.019 10.999 80.091 13-11.66
Scutellariny = 0.525 6 x - 0.021 60.999 50.043 11-11.03
Oroxin Ay = 0.492 7 x - 0.060 20.999 00.092 14-11.79
Oroxylin A-7-
O-glucuronide
y = 0.403 9 x + 0.007 41.000 00.048 31-12.37
), ArticleFig(id=1308498716781281959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308468000168890622, language=CN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Results of linearity

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AnalyteLinear equationR2Linear range /μg·mL-1
Baicaliny = 0.535 1 x - 0.019 10.999 80.091 13-11.66
Scutellariny = 0.525 6 x - 0.021 60.999 50.043 11-11.03
Oroxin Ay = 0.492 7 x - 0.060 20.999 00.092 14-11.79
Oroxylin A-7-
O-glucuronide
y = 0.403 9 x + 0.007 41.000 00.048 31-12.37
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Batch No.Scutellarin /%Oroxylin A/%Other maximum single impurity/%Total impurity/%
2307030.190.380.060.69
2307040.250.380.070.76
2307050.250.380.060.75
), ArticleFig(id=1308498716919693993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308468000168890622, language=CN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Content of samples of different batches (n = 3)

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Batch No.Scutellarin /%Oroxylin A/%Other maximum single impurity/%Total impurity/%
2307030.190.380.060.69
2307040.250.380.070.76
2307050.250.380.060.75
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黄芩苷滴眼液中有关物质的定性与定量分析
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赵红芳 1 , 陈悦 1 , 吴涛 2 , 潘可欣 2 , 卢骏 2 , 李清 1, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2025,60(11): 3483-3490
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药学学报 |研究论文 2025 , 60 (11) : 3483 -3490
黄芩苷滴眼液中有关物质的定性与定量分析
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赵红芳1, 陈悦1, 吴涛2, 潘可欣2, 卢骏2, 李清1, *
作者信息
  • 1沈阳药科大学药学院, 辽宁 沈阳 110016
  • 2北京汇诚瑞祥医药生物科技有限公司, 北京 101102
通讯作者:
李清, Tel: 86-24-43510589, E-mail:
作者简介:

作者贡献:

赵红芳主要进行了本文的实验设计、色谱分析方法的建立、实验数据的处理、撰写文章等; 陈悦主要参与了色谱方法的建立、实验数据的处理等; 吴涛对本文的选题与设计、实验思路及方法建立提供了专业的指导; 潘可欣对实验数据的处理提供了帮助; 卢骏对实验思路及文章修改提供了宝贵的修改建议; 李清对本文的选题与设计、实验思路、色谱方法建立及文章修改提供了专业指导。

Qualitative and quantitative assessment of related substances in baicalin eye drops
Hong-fang ZHAO1, Yue CHEN1, Tao WU2, Ke-xin PAN2, Jun LU2, Qing LI1, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
  • 2Beijing Novelpharm Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing 101102, China
出版时间: 2025-11-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0437
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黄芩苷滴眼液在眼部疾病治疗中具有广阔的临床应用前景, 但尚缺乏对其有关物质的定性与定量研究。本文首次建立了黄芩苷滴眼液中有关物质的分析方法, 为产品开发与质量控制提供了科学依据。通过LC-Q/TOF-MS/MS初步鉴定出黄芩苷滴眼液中含有7种有关物质, 分别为野黄芩苷、千层纸素A-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷、木蝴蝶苷A、槲皮素7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷/槲皮素3-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷、白杨素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷、黄芩素及野黄芩素。采用HPLC法对木蝴蝶苷A、野黄芩苷和千层纸素A-7-O-β-葡萄糖醛酸苷进行定量分析, 色谱柱为纳谱AR C18柱(250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), 流动相为0.1%磷酸水溶液(A)-乙腈(B), 梯度洗脱, 柱温20 ℃, 流速0.8 mL·min-1, 检测波长254 nm。建立的方法专属性强、灵敏度高且精密度良好。本研究建立了黄芩苷滴眼液中有关物质的定性与定量分析方法, 为保障其质量提供了依据。

黄芩苷滴眼液  /  有关物质  /  结构鉴定  /  高效液相色谱法  /  液相色谱-串联质谱法

Baicalin eye drops have broad clinical application prospects in the treatment of ocular diseases. However, there is still a lack of qualitative and quantitative research on the related substances in them. This study first established an analytical method for related substances in baicalin eye drops, providing a scientific basis for product development and quality control. Through LC-Q/TOF-MS/MS, seven related substances were preliminarily identified in baicalin eye drops, namely scutellarin, oroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide, oroxin A, quercetin-7-O-glucuronide/quercetin 3-O-glucuronide, chrysin-7-O-glucuronide, baicalein, and scutellarein. The quantitative analysis of oroxin A, scutellarin and oroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide was carried out by HPLC. The chromatographic column was the NanoChrom AR C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase was 0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution (A)-acetonitrile (B), with gradient elution. The column temperature was 20 ℃, the flow rate was 0.8 mL·min-1, and the detection wavelength was 254 nm. The established method has strong specificity, high sensitivity, and good precision. In this study, a method for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of related substances in baicalin eye drops was established, providing a basis for ensuring their quality.

baicalin eye drop  /  related substance  /  structural identification  /  HPLC  /  LC-MS/MS
赵红芳, 陈悦, 吴涛, 潘可欣, 卢骏, 李清. 黄芩苷滴眼液中有关物质的定性与定量分析. 药学学报, 2025 , 60 (11) : 3483 -3490 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0437
Hong-fang ZHAO, Yue CHEN, Tao WU, Ke-xin PAN, Jun LU, Qing LI. Qualitative and quantitative assessment of related substances in baicalin eye drops[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2025 , 60 (11) : 3483 -3490 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0437
黄芩苷是唇形科植物黄芩(Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi) 的干燥根中提取的一种黄酮类化合物[1]。研究表明黄芩苷具有抗炎[2, 3]、抗氧化[4]、调节血脂[5]、抑制血小板聚集[6]、抗菌[7]、抗病毒[8]、抗肿瘤[9]、降血压[10]等多种药理作用。近年来, 黄芩苷眼用制剂因其在眼科疾病治疗中的显著疗效, 逐渐得到广泛应用。然而, 研究表明黄芩苷的稳定性容易受到溶液pH值、温度、光照、溶剂和赋形剂等诸多因素的影响[11-15], 为其处方设计及制剂的稳定性评估带来了挑战。
黄芩苷眼用制剂的剂型研究主要涉及纳米粒子[16]、微乳[17]、凝胶[18]等, 其主要用于防治白内障、角膜损伤、老年性黄斑变性、糖尿病视网膜病变和青光眼等眼部相关的疾病[19, 20]。相对而言对黄芩苷滴眼液的相关研究较少。而黄芩苷滴眼液因其配方简单、成本较低且便于患者使用等优势, 在商业化生产及患者依从性改善等方面具有较大潜力。目前, 黄芩苷滴眼液还未批准上市, 而与其相关的研究主要集中在黄芩苷原料的物理化学特性和制剂的稳定性等方面[21-23], 对制剂中有关物质的系统分析与质量控制研究尚缺乏报道, 这为产品开发和质量评价带来了挑战。
因此, 本研究以实验室自制的黄芩苷滴眼液为研究对象, 采用液相色谱-四级杆/飞行时间串联质谱联用技术(LC-Q/TOF-MS/MS) 对黄芩苷滴眼液中潜在的杂质进行裂解规律研究和结构鉴定。同时, 基于高效液相色谱法(HPLC) 建立了一种灵敏可靠的有关物质定量分析方法, 用于滴眼液中杂质的检测与质量控制。本研究为黄芩苷滴眼液的质量评价提供了科学依据, 为其进一步开发与标准化生产奠定了基础。
仪器  U3000型高效液相色谱仪、UV检测器(美国Thermo公司); E2695型高效液相色谱仪、UV检测器(美国Waters公司); 1260 Infinity Ⅱ型HPLC (美国安捷伦公司); QTOF-5600型MS (美国AB SCIEX公司); BM-20型分析天平(日本A & D株式会社); AUW120D型分析天平(日本岛津制作所); S220型pH计(梅特勒-托利多上海仪器有限公司); KQ-500DB型数控超声波清洗仪(昆山市超声仪器有限公司)。
材料与试剂  黄芩苷对照品(批号: 110715-202223, 纯度为97.2%)、黄芩素对照品(批号: 111595-201808, 纯度为97.9%)、野黄芩苷对照品(批号: 110842-202010, 纯度为91.5%) 均购于中国食品药品检定研究院; 千层纸素A-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷对照品(批号: CFS202202, 纯度为98%) 购于Chemfaces公司; 木蝴蝶苷A对照品(批号: H-152500-NU2, 纯度为98.1%) 购于CFWRM公司。甲醇(批号: A0230240101D, 色谱纯)、乙腈(批号: A0131231101D, 色谱纯) 均购于上海星可高纯溶剂有限公司; 磷酸氢二钾(批号: 017112, 色谱纯)、磷酸二氢钾(批号: 02212179, 分析纯) 均购于北京迈瑞达科技有限公司; 磷酸(批号: 20170105, 分析纯) 购于天津市光复科技发展有限公司; 氢氧化钠(批号: 20201127, 分析纯)、盐酸(批号: 20230424, 分析纯)、30%过氧化氢(批号: 20171107, 分析纯) 均购于国药集团化学试剂有限公司。黄芩苷滴眼液(批号: 16S51230901、230703、230704、230705, 规格: 10 mg·mL-1) 由实验室自制。
有关物质定性分析
混合对照品溶液的制备  分别精密称取黄芩素、黄芩苷、野黄芩苷、千层纸素A-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷与木蝴蝶苷A对照品适量, 加甲醇溶解并稀释至刻度, 摇匀, 配制成浓度为0.6 mg·mL-1的对照品储备溶液, 精密量取各对照品储备溶液适量, 用甲醇稀释制成各成分为60 µg·mL-1的混合对照品溶液。
供试品溶液的制备  取黄芩苷滴眼液5支, 混匀, 精密量取混匀样品1.0 mL, 置5 mL量瓶中, 用甲醇稀释至刻度, 摇匀, 作为供试品溶液。
色谱条件  色谱柱为纳谱AR C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), 流动相为0.1%甲酸水溶液(A)-0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液(B), 梯度洗脱程序为: 0~30 min, 20%~25% B; 30~40 min, 25%~12% B; 40~50 min, 12%~30% B; 50~60 min, 30%~40% B; 60~62 min, 40%~20% B; 62~70 min, 20% B。流速为0.8 mL·min-1, 柱温为20 ℃, 进样体积为5 μL。
质谱条件  离子源: 电喷雾离子源(ESI), 正负离子同时检测; 正负离子模式: 裂解电压(DP) 分别为80、-80 V, 碰撞能量(CE) 分别为35、-35 eV, 扩展碰撞能量(CES) 分别为15、-15 eV; 雾化气(GS1): 60 psi (1 psi ≈ 6.9 kPa); 加热气(GS2): 60 psi; 帘气(CUR): 35 psi; 温度(TEM): 600 ℃; 扫描范围m/z为50~1 500。
定性分析方法的建立  根据前期文献查阅结果, 将黄芩苷中典型化合物的对照品溶液进行高分辨质谱分析, 总结化合物的裂解规律, 确定每类化合物的特征碎片离子和典型中性丢失分子。运用所建立的LC-Q/TOF-MS/MS方法对黄芩苷滴眼液进行高分辨质谱分析, 利用Peak view®软件中的多特征碎片离子过滤技术(mPIF) 和中性丢失过滤技术(NLF) 对结构相关性化合物进行筛查, 在保留的有效信息中进行化合物结构的比对和预测。通过与对照品或文献报道过的成分的色谱保留行为、精确分子量、裂解规律及碎片离子信息进行比对, 总结黄芩苷滴眼液中有关物质的裂解规律。
有关物质的定量分析
空白溶剂的制备  称取磷酸二氢钾8.34 g, 磷酸氢二钾0.87 g, 加水配制成1 000 mL的溶液, 用氢氧化钠溶液(100 mg·mL-1) 调节pH值至6.2 ± 0.05, 滤过, 量取800 mL, 加乙腈200 mL, 混匀, 作为空白溶剂。
对照品溶液的制备  精密称取黄芩苷对照品与木蝴蝶苷A对照品适量, 分别加甲醇溶解并稀释至刻度, 摇匀, 配制成浓度为0.3 mg·mL-1的对照品储备溶液。精密量取0.2 mL, 分别置10 mL量瓶中, 用溶剂稀释至刻度, 摇匀, 配制成浓度为6 μg·mL-1的对照品溶液。
混合对照品溶液的制备  分别精密称取野黄芩苷和千层纸素A-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷对照品适量, 加甲醇溶解并稀释至刻度, 摇匀, 配制成浓度为0.3 mg·mL-1的杂质对照品储备溶液。精密量取上述杂质对照品储备溶液各0.2 mL和黄芩苷对照品储备溶液0.2 mL, 置10 mL量瓶中, 用溶剂稀释至刻度, 摇匀, 配制成各成分为6 μg·mL-1的混合对照品溶液。
供试品溶液的制备  取黄芩苷滴眼液5支, 混匀, 精密量取混匀样品3.0 mL, 置50 mL量瓶中, 用溶剂稀释至刻度, 摇匀, 作为供试品溶液。
空白辅料溶液的制备  精密量取不含黄芩苷的空白制剂溶液3.0 mL, 置50 mL量瓶中, 用溶剂稀释至刻度, 摇匀, 作为空白辅料溶液。
色谱条件  色谱柱: 纳谱AR C18 (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm); 流动相: 0.1%磷酸水溶液(A)-乙腈(B); 梯度洗脱程序如下: 0~30 min, 20%~25% B, 30~40 min, 25%~12% B, 40~50 min, 12%~30% B, 50~60 min, 30%~40% B, 60~62 min, 40%~20% B, 62~70 min, 20% B; 检测波长为254 nm, 流速为0.8 mL·min-1, 柱温为20 ℃, 进样体积为10 μL。
有关物质定量分析方法验证
专属性  取黄芩苷滴眼液适量, 按“供试品溶液的制备”项下方法平行制备5份, 加入0.1 mol·L-1盐酸溶液1 mL, 室温下放置6 h, 加入0.1 mol·L-1氢氧化钠溶液1 mL中和, 作为酸破坏样品; 加入0.1 mol·L-1氢氧化钠溶液1 mL, 室温下放置1 h, 加入0.1 mol·L-1盐酸溶液1 mL中和, 作为碱破坏样品; 加入质量分数1%过氧化氢1 mL, 室温下放置6 h作为氧化破坏样品; 80 ℃水浴3 h为高温破坏样品; 紫外光(254 nm) 条件下放置6 h作为光破坏溶液。另取供试品溶液、对照品溶液、混合对照品溶液、空白溶剂和空白辅料溶液按HPLC色谱分离条件, 依法测定。
准确度  精密量取黄芩苷滴眼液3.0 mL, 置50 mL量瓶中, 分别精密加入木蝴蝶苷A对照品储备溶液与杂质对照品储备溶液各0.5、1.0、1.5 mL, 用溶剂稀释至刻度, 摇匀, 作为低、中、高浓度的回收率溶液。每个浓度平行制备3份。按HPLC色谱分离条件, 依法测定峰面积, 计算回收率。
仪器精密度  精密量取混合对照品溶液与木蝴蝶苷A对照品溶液各10 μL, 按HPLC色谱分离条件, 重复进样6次, 测定黄芩苷及其相关杂质的峰面积, 计算峰面积的RSD。
重复性  取同一批黄芩苷滴眼液, 按“供试品溶液的制备”项下方法平行制备6份, 按HPLC色谱分离条件, 依法测定峰面积, 按主成分对照品外标法计算供试品溶液中野黄芩苷、木蝴蝶苷A、千层纸素A-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷、其他最大单一杂质和总杂质测定结果的RSD。
定量限与检测限  精密量取线性储备溶液适量, 用溶剂逐步稀释, 按S/N = 3∶1为检测限(LOD), 按S/N = 10∶1为定量限(LOQ) 进行测定。
线性与范围  分别精密量取杂质对照品储备溶液、木蝴蝶苷A对照品储备溶液和黄芩苷对照品储备溶液各0.4 mL, 置同一10 mL量瓶中, 用溶剂稀释至刻度, 摇匀, 作为线性储备溶液。精密量取上述溶液, 用溶剂逐步稀释至各成分的定量限浓度, 制成系列质量浓度的标准溶液。按HPLC色谱分离条件, 精密量取各10 μL, 注入液相色谱仪中, 记录色谱图。以峰面积(A) 为纵坐标(y), 质量浓度(C, μg·mL-1) 为横坐标(x) 进行线性回归分析。
稳定性  取同一份供试品溶液、对照品溶液, 分别于室温条件下放置0、1、2、6、8、24 h, 按HPLC法色谱分离条件, 依法测定峰面积, 记录色谱图。
在正负离子模式下, 根据供试品溶液中化合物的准分子离子峰和二级质谱碎片离子峰的精确质量信息, 解析各化合物裂解途径, 总结其裂解规律。依据相关文献质谱信息和对照品溶液质谱信息, 初步鉴定了黄芩苷滴眼液中的7个有关物质[24-27], 分别为野黄芩苷、千层纸素A-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷、木蝴蝶苷A、槲皮素7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷/槲皮素3-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷、白杨素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷、黄芩素和野黄芩素。黄芩苷和7个杂质的结构式见图1。质谱信息见表1。
黄芩苷滴眼液中的有关物质主要为黄酮氧苷类、苷酸类及其母核苷元。各类化合物在正负离子模式下均可发生电离, 且具有相似的裂解规律。在正离子模式下, 黄芩苷(图2A)、槲皮素7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷/槲皮素3-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷(图2B)、野黄芩苷(图2C)、千层纸素A-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷(图2G)、白杨素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷(图2H) 裂解方式均为断裂C-O糖苷键, 丢失一个葡萄糖醛酸基[M+H-176]+即[M+H-GlcA]+, 生成黄酮母核的特征离子, 其中野黄芩苷与白杨素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷的黄酮母核离子, 进一步脱去中性离子CO (28)、H2O (18) 或甲基片段(CH₃), 生成不同的二级碎片离子。黄芩苷、槲皮素7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷/槲皮素3-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷、野黄芩苷、千层纸素A-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷和白杨素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷的二级质谱图见图3A~C、G、H。木蝴蝶苷A (图2D) 裂解方式为断裂C-O键, 丢失葡萄糖基[M+H-162]+即[M+H-Glu]+生成m/z 271.059 4的二级碎片离子。其二级质谱图见图3D。在正离子模式下, 野黄芩素(图2E) 和黄芩素(图2F) 的裂解规律相似。野黄芩素的母离子通过依次脱去一分子H2O (18) 和一分子CO (28), 生成m/z 269.043 4、241.048 6的二级碎片离子, 其二级质谱图如图3E所示。相比之下, 黄芩素的母离子主要脱去一分子H2O (18), 生成m/z 253.048 4的二级碎片离子, 其二级质谱图如图3F所示。
供试品溶液色谱图中黄芩苷峰的理论板数大于3 000。空白溶剂、空白辅料溶液在黄芩苷及各杂质出峰位置无干扰, 如图4所示, 1~4号峰分别为野黄芩苷、木蝴蝶苷A、黄芩苷与千层纸素A-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷。
将黄芩苷滴眼液在酸、碱、氧化、高温和紫外光条件下进行破坏, 在碱性、紫外光、高温条件下均有不同程度的降解, 酸性和氧化条件下, 与未破坏条件下杂质检出量基本一致, 各强制降解条件下的主要降解产物间及其与黄芩苷之间均能良好分离, 表明方法的专属性良好。
低、中、高3个浓度项下的供试品溶液中野黄芩苷回收率测定结果在99.8%~100.5%之间、木蝴蝶苷A回收率测定结果在105.2%~108.1%之间、千层纸素A-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷回收率测定结果在99.7%~100.8%之间, 各杂质回收率测定结果均在90.0%~110.0%之间, 回收率溶液测定结果的RSD (n = 9) 均小于2%, 表明方法准确度良好。
黄芩苷、野黄芩苷、木蝴蝶苷A和千层纸素A-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷峰面积的RSD (n = 6) 分别为0.8%、1.0%、1.4%、0.1%, 小于2.0%, 精密度良好。
6份供试品溶液中野黄芩苷、木蝴蝶苷A、千层纸素A-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷、其他最大单一杂质和总杂质测定结果的RSD (n = 6) 分别为5.7%、1.7%、0.1%、4.4%、4.7%, 各杂质测定结果的RSD均小于6.0%, 表明方法重复性良好。
选择黄芩苷与千层纸素A-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷定量限、检测限色谱图中较为平缓的基线时间间隔17.60~18.10 min, 野黄芩苷与木蝴蝶苷A定量限、检测限色谱图中较为平缓的基线时间间隔20.00~20.50 min, 计算野黄芩苷、木蝴蝶苷A、黄芩苷和千层纸素A-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷的定量限分别为43.11、92.14、91.13和48.31 ng·mL-1; 检测限分别为21.55、46.07、22.78和12.08 ng·mL-1。
表2结果显示, 黄芩苷、野黄芩苷、木蝴蝶苷A和千层纸素A-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷分别在0.091 13~11.66、0.043 11~11.03、0.092 14~11.79和0.048 31~12.37 μg·mL-1的质量浓度范围内, 峰面积与浓度呈显著线性关系。
供试品溶液在室温条件下放置6 h, 木蝴蝶苷A、野黄芩苷和千层纸素A-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷测定结果无明显增加趋势(变化值< 0.05%), 其他最大单一杂质测定结果增长幅度不大于0.2%, 总杂质测定结果的RSD小于10.0%, 表明供试品溶液在6 h内稳定。对照品溶液中黄芩苷峰面积的RSD (n = 6) 为4.3%, 结果表明对照品溶液在室温条件下放置24 h稳定。
取3批次制剂样品, 按“供试品溶液的制备和对照品溶液的制备”项下方法制备样品, 按HPLC色谱分离条件, 测定峰面积, 以主成分对照品外标法计算样品中杂质的检出量, 测定结果见表3。
本研究采用LC-Q/TOF-MS/MS方法, 建立了黄芩苷滴眼液中杂质的鉴定方法。通过分析质谱裂解规律并采用对照品对照的方法, 共鉴定了7个杂质, 分别为野黄芩苷、千层纸素A-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷、木蝴蝶苷A、槲皮素7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷/槲皮素3-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷、白杨素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷、黄芩素和野黄芩素。
本研究通过对黄芩苷滴眼液的制备工艺和强制降解试验进行分析, 确定了杂质来源并建立了定量分析方法。其中野黄芩苷、木蝴蝶苷A为原料药引入的工艺杂质; 千层纸素A-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷在强制降解试验条件下均未呈现出降解趋势, 暂归属为工艺杂质; 黄芩素既为工艺杂质又为降解杂质。根据黄芩苷滴眼液杂质来源和对照品获得情况, 结合多批次样品的测定结果, 暂定对木蝴蝶苷A、野黄芩苷和千层纸素A-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷进行定量分析。
中国药典(2020年版) 收载的黄芩提取物标准规定其含量测定采用磷酸水作为流动相。由于乙腈具有较强的洗脱能力, 本研究在建立黄芩苷滴眼液的有关物质定量分析方法时, 选择0.1%磷酸水溶液(A)-乙腈(B) 作为流动相。为优化色谱分离条件, 考察了不同混合比例的流动相系统, 并比较YMC、AKZONOBEL、ACE和钠谱等不同品牌的C18色谱柱, 同时优化柱温和流速等色谱参数, 从基线分离度、分析时间、理论板数和对称因子等方面综合评估, 最终确定最佳色谱条件, 在该条件下, 主成分色谱峰与各杂质峰可实现高效分离。
本品以中药黄芩苷作为有效成分, 其在溶液状态下的降解情况复杂多变, 杂质的分析研究有一定的困难和挑战。拟定有关物质限度参考ICHQ3B (R2) 指导原则与中国药典[2020年版(四部)]《药品杂质分析指导原则》[28, 29], 结合多批次样品的检验结果、强制降解的试验结果和方法学研究数据, 暂拟定限度为木蝴蝶苷A、野黄芩苷、千层纸素A-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷和其他单个杂质均不得大于1.0%, 总杂质不得大于3.0%。
本研究首次建立了黄芩苷滴眼液中有关物质的定性与定量分析方法。通过对照品比对和文献提供的质谱信息初步鉴定了7个有关物质, 分别为野黄芩苷、千层纸素A-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷、木蝴蝶苷A、槲皮素7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷/槲皮素3-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷、白杨素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷、黄芩素和野黄芩素。同时采用HPLC法对木蝴蝶苷A、野黄芩苷和千层纸素A-7-O-β-葡萄糖醛酸苷杂质进行定量分析。结果表明, 该方法专属性强、灵敏度高、精密度和准确度良好。本研究不仅为合理控制黄芩苷滴眼液的杂质提供了依据, 也为进一步完善其质量控制方法、促进产品全生命周期的质量评价奠定了基础。

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2025年第60卷第11期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0437
  • 接收时间:2025-04-17
  • 首发时间:2026-09-20
  • 出版时间:2025-11-12
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-17
  • 修回日期:2025-08-20
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    1沈阳药科大学药学院, 辽宁 沈阳 110016
    2北京汇诚瑞祥医药生物科技有限公司, 北京 101102

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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species
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属
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种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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