Article(id=1308467928874115374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308467818098357056, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0239, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1741104000000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-05, revisedDate=1749571200000, revisedDateStr=2025-06-11, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789892664401, onlineDateStr=2026-09-20, pubDate=1762876800000, pubDateStr=2025-11-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789892664401, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789892664401, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789892664401, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1308467818098357056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2025', volume='60', issue='11', pageStart='3263', pageEnd='3544', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1762876800000', pubDateStr='2025-11-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789892637990, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789893243047, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1308470355954262098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308467818098357056, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1308470355954262099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308467818098357056, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3418, endPage=3425, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1308467930727997746, articleId=1308467928874115374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Pathological comparison of NAFLD mouse models induced by high-fat methionine- and choline-deficient diet and high-fat diet, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease closely associated with metabolic syndrome, and its animal models are essential for investigating the pathological mechanisms and disease progression of NAFLD. Currently, the most commonly used NAFLD animal models include the high-fat, methionine- and choline-deficient diet (HFMCD) and the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mouse models. In this study, we compared NAFLD mouse models established by an 8-week HFMCD diet and a 12-week HFD, systematically evaluating differences in liver weight, histological alterations, lipid metabolism, and inflammation-related gene expression. The experimental results showed that, compared with the normal chow diet (NCD) group, mice in the HFMCD group exhibited significant reductions in body weight and blood glucose levels, whereas those in the HFD group exhibited significant increases. Both dietary models led to an increase in liver weight; however, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining revealed more severe liver damage in the HFMCD group. Oil red O staining indicated a significantly greater degree of hepatic lipid accumulation in the HFMCD group than in the HFD group. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis demonstrated that, compared with the NCD group, both the HFMCD and HFD groups exhibited significantly elevated hepatic expression of inflammatory cytokines. Sirius red staining demonstrated pronounced hepatic fibrosis in the HFMCD group, accompanied by a significant upregulation of genes associated with collagen synthesis, whereas the HFD group exhibited no evident fibrotic alterations. F4/80 immunohistochemical staining showed increased hepatic macrophage infiltration in both models, with a significantly higher number of F4/80-positive macrophages in the HFMCD group than in the HFD group. In conclusion, the HFMCD and HFD-induced NAFLD models exhibit distinct pathological characteristics and molecular mechanisms. The HFMCD model is more suitable for studying the progression of NAFLD to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), whereas the HFD model is more appropriate for investigating the metabolic mechanisms of simple steatosis. This study provides experimental evidence for NAFLD research and offers guidance for selecting appropriate animal models based on specific research objectives. All experimental animals used in this study were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Nanjing University and were handled in strict accordance with the guidelines and recommendations provided by the Nanjing University's Animal Ethics Committee.
, authors=Yuan-hao TAN
1, Hong-qin ZHUANG
1, *, Zi-chun HUA
1, 2, 3, *, authorsList=Yuan-hao TAN, Hong-qin ZHUANG, Zi-chun HUA, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hong-qin ZHUANG, Zi-chun HUA, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1308467932716097853, articleId=1308467928874115374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=高脂胆碱蛋氨酸缺乏饮食与高脂饮食诱导NAFLD小鼠模型的病理比较, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD) 是一种与代谢综合征密切相关的慢性肝病, 其动物模型对于研究NAFLD的病理机制和疾病进展至关重要。目前, 常用的NAFLD动物模型主要包括高脂胆碱蛋氨酸缺乏饮食(HFMCD) 和高脂饮食(HFD) 诱导的小鼠模型。本研究通过对HFMCD造模8周与HFD造模12周的NAFLD小鼠模型进行比较, 系统评估两种模型在肝脏重量、组织学变化及脂质代谢和炎症相关基因表达方面的差异。实验结果表明, 与正常饮食(NCD) 组相比, HFMCD造模的小鼠体重和血糖显著降低, 而HFD造模的小鼠体重和血糖显著升高。两种造模方式均导致肝重增加, 但H&E染色显示HFMCD组肝损伤更严重, 油红O染色提示HFMCD组小鼠的脂质堆积程度显著高于HFD组。qPCR分析表明, 与NCD组相比, HFMCD组和HFD组小鼠的肝脏炎症因子表达均显著升高。天狼星红染色显示, HFMCD组小鼠肝脏出现明显纤维化, 胶原合成相关基因表达显著升高, 而HFD组小鼠肝脏未见明显纤维化。F4/80免疫组化分析显示, 两种造模方式均可导致肝脏巨噬细胞浸润程度增加, 但HFMCD组肝脏F4/80标记的巨噬细胞数量显著高于HFD组。综上, HFMCD和HFD饮食诱导的NAFLD模型在病理特征和分子机制上存在显著差异, HFMCD模型更适用于研究NAFLD向NASH的进展, 而HFD模型更适用于研究单纯性脂肪肝的代谢机制。本研究为NAFLD研究提供了实验依据, 并为不同研究需求选择合适的动物模型提供了指导。本研究涉及的实验动物均受南京大学动物保护与使用委员会批准, 并严格按照南京大学动物保护委员会的指导方针和建议进行。
, authors=谭元昊
1, 庄红芹
1, *, 华子春
1, 2, 3, *, authorsList=谭元昊, 庄红芹, 华子春, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=庄红芹, 华子春, authorNote=
作者贡献:
谭元昊负责实验研究、论文撰写及修改; 华子春和庄红芹是本文的通讯作者; 华子春是课题的设计者, 提供研究经费、把关论文的写作和定稿; 庄红芹负责实验设计及把关, 参与稿件修改等工作。
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1, 2, 3, *, address=
1The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
2Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Institute/Jiangsu Target Biopharma Research Co., Ltd., Changzhou Nanjing University High-Tech Research Institute, Changzhou 213164, China
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2江苏省产业技术研究院医药生物技术研究所/江苏靶标生物医药研究所有限公司, 常州南京大学高新技术研究院, 江苏 常州 213164
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Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a search for factual animal models [J]. Biomed Res Int, 2015, 2015: 574832., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308499708012757095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467928874115374, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308499708021145704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467928874115374, companyId=1308499708012757095, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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1南京大学生命科学学院, 医药生物技术国家重点实验室, 江苏 南京 210023)]), AuthorCompany(id=1308499708130197610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467928874115374, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308499708138586219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467928874115374, companyId=1308499708130197610, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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2江苏省产业技术研究院医药生物技术研究所/江苏靶标生物医药研究所有限公司, 常州南京大学高新技术研究院, 江苏 常州 213164)]), AuthorCompany(id=1308499708209889389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467928874115374, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308499708218277998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467928874115374, companyId=1308499708209889389, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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3南京吉芮康生物科技研究院, 江苏 南京 210044)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1308499712194478221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467928874115374, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=0inAM72INXvSFGstD/p1cg==, figureFileBig=k/kSWuZaZjjIlSiiog0GDQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308499712274169998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467928874115374, language=CN, label=Fig.1, caption=
Changes in body weight, blood glucose, and liver weight in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) mice induced by the high-fat, methionine- and choline-deficient (HFMCD) diet and the high-fat diet (HFD). A-C: Changes in body weight (A), blood glucose levels (B), and liver weight (C) of mice after 8 weeks of HFMCD induction; D-F: Changes in body weight (D), blood glucose levels (E), and liver weight (F) of mice after 12 weeks of HFD induction; G: Representative liver morphology images from HFMCD and control groups after 8 weeks, as well as HFD and control groups after 12 weeks. n = 6, x ± s. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.000 1 vs NCD group, figureFileSmall=0inAM72INXvSFGstD/p1cg==, figureFileBig=k/kSWuZaZjjIlSiiog0GDQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308499712387416207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467928874115374, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=AzP8/HVjyfY3srtvLiyWlg==, figureFileBig=oGKnaN75w5xnikpzco78sA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308499712488079504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467928874115374, language=CN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E, A) and oil red O (ORO, B) staining analysis of liver tissues in NAFLD mice induced by HFMCD (8 weeks) and HFD (12 weeks). Magnification 20×. Scale bar: 50 μm, figureFileSmall=AzP8/HVjyfY3srtvLiyWlg==, figureFileBig=oGKnaN75w5xnikpzco78sA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308499712580354193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467928874115374, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=fbgeOV79VgJIWiJZVZ6/rA==, figureFileBig=g1XPLKLPfvfYaqgHd/o5Ng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308499712660045970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467928874115374, language=CN, label=Fig.3, caption=
mRNA expression levels of hepatic inflammatory cytokines in NAFLD mice induced by HFMCD and HFD. A: qPCR analysis of inflammatory gene expression (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) in the liver of mice after 8 weeks of HFMCD induction; B: qPCR analysis of inflammatory gene expression (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) in the liver of mice after 12 weeks of HCD induction. n = 3, x ± s. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.000 1 vs NCD group, figureFileSmall=fbgeOV79VgJIWiJZVZ6/rA==, figureFileBig=g1XPLKLPfvfYaqgHd/o5Ng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308499712718766227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467928874115374, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=FpK4uO4YOPHUd5k8kMxCvQ==, figureFileBig=SvAuwS3+3VBEm8edZHbsOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308499712777486484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467928874115374, language=CN, label=Fig.4, caption=
Sirius red staining and F4/80 immunohistochemical analysis of liver tissues in NAFLD mice induced by HFMCD and HFD. A: Sirius red staining of liver sections from the HFMCD model (8 weeks) and its control group, as well as the HFD model (12 weeks) and its control group; B: qPCR analysis of fibrosis-related gene expression (α-SMA, COL1A1, COL1A2, and COL3A1) in the liver of mice after 8 weeks of HFMCD induction; C: qPCR analysis of fibrosis-related gene expression (α-SMA, COL1A1, COL1A2, and COL3A1) in the liver of mice after 12 weeks of HFD induction. n = 3, x ± s. D: F4/80 immunohistochemical staining of liver sections from the HFMCD model (8 weeks) and its control group, as well as the HFD model (12 weeks) and its control group. Magnification: ×20. Scale bar: 50 μm, figureFileSmall=FpK4uO4YOPHUd5k8kMxCvQ==, figureFileBig=SvAuwS3+3VBEm8edZHbsOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308499712840401045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467928874115374, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Gene | Sequence (5'-3') |
| β-actin | F: CCACCATGTACCCAGGCATT; |
| R: AGGGTGTAAAACGCAGCTCA |
| Tnf-α | F: TGTCCCTTTCACTCACTGGC |
| R: CATCTTTTGGGGGAGTGCCT |
| Il-1β | F: TGTGAATGCCACCTTTTGACA |
| R: GGTCAAAGGTTTGGAAGCAG |
| Il-6 | F: CCGCTATGAAGTTCCTCTC |
| R: GGTATCCTCTGTGAAGTCTC |
| α-sma | F: ATGCCTCTGGACGTACAACTG |
| R: CACACCATCTCCAGAGTCCA |
| Col1a1 | F: CCACGCATGAGCCGAAGCTAACCCC |
| R: CTTCCCCATCATCTCCATTCTT |
| Col1a2 | F: CTGGAACAAATGGGCTCACTG |
| R: CAGGCTCACCAACAAGTCCTC |
| Col3a1 | F: AAACAGCAAATTCACTTACAC |
| R: ACCCCCAATGTCATAGG |
), ArticleFig(id=1308499712903315606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467928874115374, language=CN, label=Tab.1, caption=
The primer sequence of real-time PCR
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| Gene | Sequence (5'-3') |
| β-actin | F: CCACCATGTACCCAGGCATT; |
| R: AGGGTGTAAAACGCAGCTCA |
| Tnf-α | F: TGTCCCTTTCACTCACTGGC |
| R: CATCTTTTGGGGGAGTGCCT |
| Il-1β | F: TGTGAATGCCACCTTTTGACA |
| R: GGTCAAAGGTTTGGAAGCAG |
| Il-6 | F: CCGCTATGAAGTTCCTCTC |
| R: GGTATCCTCTGTGAAGTCTC |
| α-sma | F: ATGCCTCTGGACGTACAACTG |
| R: CACACCATCTCCAGAGTCCA |
| Col1a1 | F: CCACGCATGAGCCGAAGCTAACCCC |
| R: CTTCCCCATCATCTCCATTCTT |
| Col1a2 | F: CTGGAACAAATGGGCTCACTG |
| R: CAGGCTCACCAACAAGTCCTC |
| Col3a1 | F: AAACAGCAAATTCACTTACAC |
| R: ACCCCCAATGTCATAGG |
), ArticleFig(id=1308499712970424471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467928874115374, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Indicator | HFMCD (8 weeks) | HFD (12 weeks) |
| Body weight | Significantly decreased | Significantly increased |
| Blood glucose | Significantly decreased | Significantly increased |
| Liver weight | Significantly increased | Significantly increased |
| Liver appearance | Severe steatosis, soft texture | Obvious steatosis, less severe than HFMCD |
| H&E staining | Larger vacuoles, more inflammatory foci, severe damage | Smaller vacuoles, fewer inflammatory foci |
| Oil red O staining | Larger and more numerous lipid droplets, severe accumulation | Smaller and fewer lipid droplets, mild accumulation |
| Inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression | Significantly increased | Significantly increased |
| Sirius red staining | Significant liver fibrosis | No significant fibrosis |
| F4/80 immunohistochemistry | Significant macrophage infiltration, more severe inflammation | Increased macrophage infiltration, but less severe than HFMCD |
), ArticleFig(id=1308499713050116248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308467928874115374, language=CN, label=Tab.2, caption=
Comparison of NAFLD mouse models induced by HFMCD and HFD
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| Indicator | HFMCD (8 weeks) | HFD (12 weeks) |
| Body weight | Significantly decreased | Significantly increased |
| Blood glucose | Significantly decreased | Significantly increased |
| Liver weight | Significantly increased | Significantly increased |
| Liver appearance | Severe steatosis, soft texture | Obvious steatosis, less severe than HFMCD |
| H&E staining | Larger vacuoles, more inflammatory foci, severe damage | Smaller vacuoles, fewer inflammatory foci |
| Oil red O staining | Larger and more numerous lipid droplets, severe accumulation | Smaller and fewer lipid droplets, mild accumulation |
| Inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression | Significantly increased | Significantly increased |
| Sirius red staining | Significant liver fibrosis | No significant fibrosis |
| F4/80 immunohistochemistry | Significant macrophage infiltration, more severe inflammation | Increased macrophage infiltration, but less severe than HFMCD |
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