Article(id=1308459298573545583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308459188263342104, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-1282, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1734883200000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-23, revisedDate=1745251200000, revisedDateStr=2025-04-22, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789890606777, onlineDateStr=2026-09-20, pubDate=1757606400000, pubDateStr=2025-09-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789890606777, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789890606777, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789890606777, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1308459188263342104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2025', volume='60', issue='9', pageStart='2649', pageEnd='2912', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1757606400000', pubDateStr='2025-09-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789890580478, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789893297273, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1308470583390401503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308459188263342104, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1308470583390401504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308459188263342104, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2807, endPage=2817, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1308459298795843696, articleId=1308459298573545583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Establishment and application of stem cell model molecular targeted drug screening model, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Neurological diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and pulmonary diseases have always been major threats to human health. How to intuitively, efficiently, and rapidly screen out drugs with therapeutic effects is a key scientific issue in the field of biomedicine that urgently needs to be addressed. In this study, aiming at the pathological characteristics of these three types of diseases, key gene promoters such as those of nerve growth factor, vascular regeneration and repair factors and pneumonia factors were cloned and linked to reporter genes for quantification. Finally, a molecularly targeted drug screening model based on the stem cell differentiation system was constructed, and its function was verified by applying known pathway activators. This model not only has the universal characteristic of predicting the efficacy of compounds, but also can achieve dynamic analysis of the relationship between time and efficacy as well as the relationship between dosage and efficacy in view of the complex characteristics of traditional Chinese medicines and their compound ingredients, effectively revealing the material basis of their efficacy and providing important technical support for the quality control of subsequent clinical medications. While maintaining the advantages of traditional screening methods, this model breaks through the limitations of existing technologies. Finally, we discuss the technical characteristics of existing drug screening models and conduct a prospective discussion on the application prospects of this model in the field of drug research and development. The animal welfare and experimental procedures of the work were approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Southwest Jiaotong University [approval No. SWJTU-2403-NSFC(026)].

, authors=Meng-yuan ZHOU1, 2, Qian ZHAO1, Qiong LU1, Shi-yi CHEN1, Qian-qian TAN1, Rui TAN1, *, authorsList=Meng-yuan ZHOU, Qian ZHAO, Qiong LU, Shi-yi CHEN, Qian-qian TAN, Rui TAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Rui TAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1308459299957665915, articleId=1308459298573545583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=干细胞模式分子靶向药物筛选模型的构建及应用, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

神经性疾病、心血管疾病与肺部疾病一直是人类健康的主要威胁, 如何直观、高效、快速地筛选出具有治疗效果的药物是当下生物医学领域亟需攻克的关键科学问题。本研究针对3类疾病的病理特征, 克隆了神经生长因子、血管再生修复相关因子与肺炎相关因子等关键基因启动子并连接用于定量的报告基因。最终构建了基于干细胞分化体系的分子靶向药物筛选模型, 通过应用已知的通路激活剂对该模型进行功能验证。此模型不仅具备化合物药效预测的普适性特征, 且可针对中药及复方成分复杂的特性, 实现时效关系与量效关系的动态解析, 有效揭示其药效物质基础, 为后续临床用药的质量控制提供重要技术支撑。在保持传统筛选方法优势的同时, 突破了现有技术的局限性。最后, 本研究讨论了此药物筛选模型的技术特点, 并对其在药物研发领域的应用前景进行了前瞻性探讨。本研究所有动物福利和实验过程获得西南交通大学医学伦理委员会批准[批准编号: SWJTU-2403-NSFC(026)]。

, authors=周梦圆1, 2, 赵骞1, 卢琼1, 陈诗懿1, 谭倩倩1, 谭睿1, *, authorsList=周梦圆, 赵骞, 卢琼, 陈诗懿, 谭倩倩, 谭睿, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=谭睿, authorNote=

作者贡献:

提供模型设计、模型构建、模型验证和应用的实验指导, 并指导文章撰写; 周梦圆负责查阅文献、论文撰写与插图绘画; 赵骞与卢琼负责实验操作; 陈诗懿负责查阅文献与论文撰写; 谭倩倩负责文献查阅与绘图整理。

, correspAuthorsNote=
谭睿,E-mail:
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Chin Herb Med (中草药), 2022, 53: 295-307., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308499822504674302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308459298573545583, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308499822513062911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308459298573545583, companyId=1308499822504674302, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308499822521451520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308459298573545583, companyId=1308499822504674302, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1西南交通大学, 生命科学与工程学院, 四川 成都 610031)]), AuthorCompany(id=1308499822588559360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308459298573545583, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308499822596947969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308459298573545583, companyId=1308499822588559360, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308499822605336578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308459298573545583, companyId=1308499822588559360, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2西南交通大学, 材料科学与工程学院, 四川 成都 610031)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1308499826644451372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308459298573545583, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=/fvcs/1RqP7ZsrMNwjgJGw==, figureFileBig=rE+EPTBFnhjXz/JD8lo9Rw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308499826711560237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308459298573545583, language=CN, label=Fig.1, caption=Scheme of trace component pharmacological screening establishment and verification. A: Establishment of cell lines stably expressing targeting protein based on stem cell model; B-D: Illustration of the functional validation of screening model in neurological (B), cardiovascular (C) and pulmonary (D) diseases. TCM: Traditional Chinese medicine; NGF: Nerve growth factor; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; TGF-β: Transforming growth factor-β, figureFileSmall=/fvcs/1RqP7ZsrMNwjgJGw==, figureFileBig=rE+EPTBFnhjXz/JD8lo9Rw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308499826812223534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308459298573545583, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=ZmorBiGI9dPCy2jDIU1/uw==, figureFileBig=b/+tn967M2AzGzYkttzg4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308499826883526703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308459298573545583, language=CN, label=Fig.2, caption=Scheme illustration of the plasmid construction (A) and functional identification of E2 (B) and luciferase (LUC) (C). B: Fluorescence was observed under a fluorescent microscope at 200× magnification with plasmid of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) gene promoter (pHp1 and pHp2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene promoter (pVp) and nerve growth factor (NGF) gene promoter (pNp). Scale bar: 100 μm. e: 300 µmol·L-1 CoCl2; f: 300 µmol·L-1 CoCl2; g: 1 µg·mL-1 lipopolysaccharides (LPS); h: 100 µmol·L-1 clenbuterol (CLE); C: Quantification of LUC of cell lines using positive drugs of different concentration by fluorescence intensity detection. n = 3, x±s. *P < 0.05 vs control (by two-tailed t test), figureFileSmall=ZmorBiGI9dPCy2jDIU1/uw==, figureFileBig=b/+tn967M2AzGzYkttzg4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308499826950635568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308459298573545583, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=WegXZhv0LlxEhQa+L7PKcQ==, figureFileBig=fyNWuRfsi6EY8Zg7WA+ERw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308499827021938737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308459298573545583, language=CN, label=Fig.3, caption=Application and functional validation of molecular targeted screening model in neurological disorders. A: The effects of 8 µmol·L-1 isoliquiritigenin (ISL), 10 µmol·L-1 alantolactone (Ala), 100 µmol·L-1 crocin, 100 µmol·L-1 benzoylmesaconine benzoylmesaconine (Benzoy), 100 µmol·L-1 gallic acid (GA) and 100 µmol·L-1 protocatechuic acid (PA) on the expression of the VEGF gene compared to the control group by fluorescence intensity detection; B, C: The effects of 17 compounds on the expression of the HIF and VEGF gene by the fluorescence intensity detection. Monomer 1-15: 100 µmol·L-1; monomer 16, 17: 10 µmol·L-1; D, E: The effects of ellagic acid (EA) on NGF and VEGF gene expression by fluorescence intensity detection. EA: 5 µmol·L-1; CLE: 100 µmol·L-1; LPS: 1 µg·mL-1; F-H: The effects of different concentrations of 0.1-100 µmol·L-1 nookatone, chrysin and tectochrysin on the expression of the NGF gene by fluorescence intensity detection; I, J: Fluorescence was observed under a fluorescent microscope at 400× magnification, nestin and GalC (glial cell marker protein) expression by immunofluorescence staining. Scale bar: 100 μm. RA: All-trans retinoic acid, positive control, 1 µmol·L-1. n = 3, x±s. ****P < 0.000 1 vs control (by two-tailed t test), figureFileSmall=WegXZhv0LlxEhQa+L7PKcQ==, figureFileBig=fyNWuRfsi6EY8Zg7WA+ERw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308499827089047602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308459298573545583, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=5YFrlhJVABtOowJPiCW2Cw==, figureFileBig=uBPE6XvihAVrUdFfu1Fx3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308499827160350771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308459298573545583, language=CN, label=Fig.4, caption=Application and functional validation of molecular targeted screening model in cardiovascular diseases. A-C: The effects of compounds on the expression of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular regulated kinases (ERK), and nuclear factor kappa-B (NFκB) compared to the control group by the fluorescence intensity detection. The concentration of all monomer is 1 µmol·L-1, CG: Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside; D: The effects of different concentrations of various compounds on VEGF gene expression by the fluorescence intensity detection; E-G: Drug induced BMSCs for 2 and 4 days, mRNA expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), VEGF and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD31); H-M: Fluorescence was observed under a fluorescent microscope at 800× magnification, α-SMA, VEGF and CD31 expression after 5 µmol·L-1 simvastatin, 1 µmol·L-1 alantolactone, 1 µmol·L-1 crocin Ⅱ, 5 µmol·L-1 costunolide, 1 µmol·L-1 mangiferin by immunofluorescence staining (H-J). Scale bar: 25 μm. Protein expression was analyzed using ImageJ. n = 3, x±s. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ****P < 0.000 1 vs control; △P < 0.05 vs simvastatin (by two-tailed t test). MFI: Mean fluorescent intensity, figureFileSmall=5YFrlhJVABtOowJPiCW2Cw==, figureFileBig=uBPE6XvihAVrUdFfu1Fx3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308499827240042548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308459298573545583, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Dlri2yoJTkQivYYvNgkFQw==, figureFileBig=UtPOVRNT76ihPS0Q6uEncw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308499827302957109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308459298573545583, language=CN, label=Fig.5, caption=Application and functional validation of molecular targeted screening model in pulmonary diseases. A: Various compounds of Shagan Qingfei Jiedu Granules on TGF-β gene expression by the fluorescence intensity detection, the concentration of all monomer is 10 µmol·L-1; B, C: The concentration optimization of the LPS induced alveolar epithelial cell injury model was determined by evaluating cell viability and quantifying IL-1β levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); D: The impact of the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway. n = 6, x±s. **P < 0.01, ****P < 0.000 1 vs control; △P < 0.05, △△P < 0.01, △△△P < 0.001, △△△△P < 0.000 1 vs LPS (by two-tailed t test), figureFileSmall=Dlri2yoJTkQivYYvNgkFQw==, figureFileBig=UtPOVRNT76ihPS0Q6uEncw==, tableContent=null)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1189982048455397383, delFlag=0, nameCn=药学学报, nameEn=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=0513-4870, eissn=null, cn=11-2163/R, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, 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干细胞模式分子靶向药物筛选模型的构建及应用
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周梦圆 1, 2 , 赵骞 1 , 卢琼 1 , 陈诗懿 1 , 谭倩倩 1 , 谭睿 1, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2025,60(9): 2807-2817
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药学学报 |研究论文 2025 , 60 (9) : 2807 -2817
干细胞模式分子靶向药物筛选模型的构建及应用
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周梦圆1, 2, 赵骞1, 卢琼1, 陈诗懿1, 谭倩倩1, 谭睿1, *
作者信息
  • 1西南交通大学, 生命科学与工程学院, 四川 成都 610031
  • 2西南交通大学, 材料科学与工程学院, 四川 成都 610031
通讯作者:
谭睿,E-mail:
作者简介:

作者贡献:

提供模型设计、模型构建、模型验证和应用的实验指导, 并指导文章撰写; 周梦圆负责查阅文献、论文撰写与插图绘画; 赵骞与卢琼负责实验操作; 陈诗懿负责查阅文献与论文撰写; 谭倩倩负责文献查阅与绘图整理。

Establishment and application of stem cell model molecular targeted drug screening model
Meng-yuan ZHOU1, 2, Qian ZHAO1, Qiong LU1, Shi-yi CHEN1, Qian-qian TAN1, Rui TAN1, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
  • 2School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
出版时间: 2025-09-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-1282
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神经性疾病、心血管疾病与肺部疾病一直是人类健康的主要威胁, 如何直观、高效、快速地筛选出具有治疗效果的药物是当下生物医学领域亟需攻克的关键科学问题。本研究针对3类疾病的病理特征, 克隆了神经生长因子、血管再生修复相关因子与肺炎相关因子等关键基因启动子并连接用于定量的报告基因。最终构建了基于干细胞分化体系的分子靶向药物筛选模型, 通过应用已知的通路激活剂对该模型进行功能验证。此模型不仅具备化合物药效预测的普适性特征, 且可针对中药及复方成分复杂的特性, 实现时效关系与量效关系的动态解析, 有效揭示其药效物质基础, 为后续临床用药的质量控制提供重要技术支撑。在保持传统筛选方法优势的同时, 突破了现有技术的局限性。最后, 本研究讨论了此药物筛选模型的技术特点, 并对其在药物研发领域的应用前景进行了前瞻性探讨。本研究所有动物福利和实验过程获得西南交通大学医学伦理委员会批准[批准编号: SWJTU-2403-NSFC(026)]。

药物筛选  /  干细胞  /  筛选工具  /  启动子  /  基因表达调控

Neurological diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and pulmonary diseases have always been major threats to human health. How to intuitively, efficiently, and rapidly screen out drugs with therapeutic effects is a key scientific issue in the field of biomedicine that urgently needs to be addressed. In this study, aiming at the pathological characteristics of these three types of diseases, key gene promoters such as those of nerve growth factor, vascular regeneration and repair factors and pneumonia factors were cloned and linked to reporter genes for quantification. Finally, a molecularly targeted drug screening model based on the stem cell differentiation system was constructed, and its function was verified by applying known pathway activators. This model not only has the universal characteristic of predicting the efficacy of compounds, but also can achieve dynamic analysis of the relationship between time and efficacy as well as the relationship between dosage and efficacy in view of the complex characteristics of traditional Chinese medicines and their compound ingredients, effectively revealing the material basis of their efficacy and providing important technical support for the quality control of subsequent clinical medications. While maintaining the advantages of traditional screening methods, this model breaks through the limitations of existing technologies. Finally, we discuss the technical characteristics of existing drug screening models and conduct a prospective discussion on the application prospects of this model in the field of drug research and development. The animal welfare and experimental procedures of the work were approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Southwest Jiaotong University [approval No. SWJTU-2403-NSFC(026)].

pharmacological screening  /  stem cell  /  screening tool  /  promoter  /  regulatory of gene transcription
周梦圆, 赵骞, 卢琼, 陈诗懿, 谭倩倩, 谭睿. 干细胞模式分子靶向药物筛选模型的构建及应用. 药学学报, 2025 , 60 (9) : 2807 -2817 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-1282
Meng-yuan ZHOU, Qian ZHAO, Qiong LU, Shi-yi CHEN, Qian-qian TAN, Rui TAN. Establishment and application of stem cell model molecular targeted drug screening model[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2025 , 60 (9) : 2807 -2817 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-1282
神经性疾病[1]、心血管疾病[2]与肺部疾病[3]是当前人类健康的主要威胁, 但针对以上各项疾病特点, 目前并无一种快速高效且直观的药物筛选模型, 可运用于临床治疗策略与研究开发中。
中医药是中国古代科学的瑰宝, 有着成熟的理论体系和丰富的临床经验[4], 但中药复方组成多, 成分复杂, 复方物质基础不清, 作用机制不明, 治疗安全性的争议等因素成为制约中医药现代化发展的瓶颈[5]。临床治疗与研究开发领域都迫切需要一种可行的药物筛选模型来确认中药材/中药复方的活性成分, 并阐释药效机制[6]。从临床疗效确凿的中药经典方中寻找新药先导化合物, 是新药开发的捷径之一, 药物筛选模型正是寻找和发现新药的重要工具[7]。
本课题组考虑将干细胞作为药物筛选模型的工具是因为干细胞有极强的可塑性, 具自我更新、多向分化和旁分泌等特异性功能[8]。当存在干预定向分化或分泌作用的药物诱导下, 干细胞会定向分化为特定单一类型细胞[9]。因此, 采用干细胞作为筛选药效工具, 充分利用了干细胞自我更新与多向分化的特性。同时, 鉴于干细胞具有极强的可塑性, 可针对药物中是否含有能够干预干细胞定向分化或分泌的目标成分展开筛选[10], 进而对药物效果作出初步评估。
本课题组基于“分子靶向筛选+干细胞定向诱导”模式, 在初筛基础上结合干细胞体外验证的手段, 进行二次筛选, 考察筛选药物与干细胞共培养过程中对某种病灶修复的倾向。既保留了细胞水平药筛模型所需样品量少、速度快、筛选规模大的优势, 又通过干细胞共孵育进一步验证其细胞模型的初步筛选结果, 使筛选结果更加可靠。由于考虑广泛使用性与未来临床转化的可行性, 该药物筛选模型目前采用的干细胞是骨髓间充质干细胞(bone mesenchymal stem cells, BMSCs)[11]。
试剂与材料  LA Taq聚合酶(639141)、限制性内切酶(R6161)、T4 DNA连接酶(2011A) (日本TaKaRa公司); Pfu DNA聚合酶(M7741, 加拿大Fermentas公司); Platinum®Taq聚合酶(1096608)、哺乳动物细胞转染试剂(Lipofectamine 2000, 11668-027)、Trizol (15596018CN) (美国Invitrogen公司); E.Z.N.A.TM质粒小量提取试剂盒(D6943, 美国Omega公司); 荧光素酶检测试剂盒(E1500, 美国Promega公司); 蛋白质浓度测定试剂盒(23225, 美国赛默飞世尔科技公司); 氨基糖苷类抗生素G418 (E859-5G, 美国Amresco公司); 二甲亚砜(D2650)、CoCl2 (409332)、脂多糖(SMB00704)、克伦特罗(C-081) (美国Sigma公司); DMEM高糖培养液(SH30022.01B)、青、链霉素(SV30010)、胰蛋白酶(SH30042)、氨苄西林(SR0136)、L-DMEM (SH30525.01) (美国Hyclone公司); FBS (0500, 美国Sciencell公司); PBS缓冲液(G4202-500 ML, 中国赛维尔公司); 神经巢蛋白抗体(ab105389)、胶质细胞标记蛋白抗体(ab240638) (英国Abcam公司); 免疫荧光二抗(C3278, 中国碧云天公司); 4%多聚甲醛(BL539A, 中国北京兰杰柯科技有限公司); 核因子κB质粒(pNFκB-Luc)、细胞外调节激酶质粒(pERK-Luc)、c-Jun N-terminal kinase质粒(pJNK-Luc) (哈佛大学医学院惠赠); 无内毒素质粒提取试剂盒(CW0504, 中国北京康为世纪生物科技有限公司); 其他化学试剂除注明外, 均为国产分析纯。
实验仪器  S1000TM Thermal Cycler PCR仪、ChemiDoc XRS+凝胶成像分析系统(美国伯乐生命医学产品有限公司); DYY-Ⅲ型电泳仪(北京六一仪器厂); Nanodrop 2000超微量分光光度计、Varioskan®Flash酶标仪(美国赛默飞世尔科技有限公司); DMIL显微镜、DMI 4000B倒置相差荧光显微镜(德国徕卡仪器有限公司); MACO-15AC CO2培养箱(日本三洋电机株式会社); SW-CJ-2N超净工作台(哈尔滨东联公司)。
实验动物  SD大鼠[4~6周龄, 四川里来思诺生物科技有限公司, 许可证号SYK (川) 2021-246], 动物实验方案由西南交通大学医学伦理委员会批准[批准编号: SWJTU-2403-NSFC(026)], 大鼠每笼5只。
药物筛选模型重组质粒的构建  以大鼠基因组DNA为模板, 以HIF、VEGF、NGF和TGF-β为例, 设计引物在rHIF1α、rVEGF、rNGF和rTGF-β启动子序列的上下游分别引入Mlu Ⅰ和Afl Ⅱ酶切位点, PCR扩增得到启动子片段: rHIF1αpro1 (Hp1) (-583~+23 bp)、rHIF1αpro2 (Hp2) (+59~+588 bp)、rVEGFpro (Vp) (-1 106~+113 bp)、rNGFpro (Np) (-615~+50 bp)、rTGF-βpro (Tp) (835 bp) (+1为基因转录起始位点)。由1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳鉴定, 随后乙醇沉淀回收得到各启动子片段。双酶切载体及各启动子片段后, 琼脂糖凝胶电泳验证, 回收目的片段、连接载体与启动子片段, 转化大肠杆菌, 氨苄青霉素平板抗性筛选, 挑选阳性转化子, 进行快速裂解鉴定, 阳性者扩大培养后提取质粒, 进行酶切和PCR鉴定, 对鉴定成功的质粒进行测序, 最后获得目的基因重组质粒。
质粒的扩增  加入0.5 µL质粒溶液于50 µL DH5α感受态细胞悬液中, 混匀, 冰浴放置30 min, 接着将悬液置于42 ℃热击90 s后, 迅速将其冰浴5 min。冰浴结束后, 气浴恒温摇床上振荡培养1 h。待生长状态复原后, 将菌液涂布于100 µg·mL-1氨苄西林(ampicillin, Amp) 的LB平板培养基中。随后挑取转化成功的菌株接种于含Amp的LB液体培养基中, 振荡过夜培养, 最后使用无内毒素质粒提取试剂盒提取。
稳定细胞株的建立  将针对不同疾病的目的基因重组质粒, 如pHp1-E2、pHp2-E2、pVp-E2、pNp-E2、pHp1-Luc、pHp2-Luc、pVp-Luc、pNp-Luc、pNFκB-Luc、pERK-Luc、pJNK-Luc、pTp-Luc分别转染人胚胎肾细胞(HEK-293T), 当达到70%~90%的汇合度时加入采用Lipofectamine 2000试剂制备的质粒DNA-脂质体复合物。将转染36~48 h的细胞用胰酶消化, 并根据转染效率, 取适量在培养皿中分散培养, 当细胞贴壁后即加入800 ng·μL-1 G418开始进行筛选, 2~3周后, 细胞在培养皿中形成间距较远的单独群落; 在倒置显微镜下选出合适的细胞群落, 并用记号笔在培养皿底部标出该细胞群落的位置; 在严格无菌的操作中, 用带斜面的枪头仔细地将标记点周围的细胞全部定点清除; 用培养基将刮下的细胞漂洗、清除, 并保留标记的细胞, 随后加入新鲜培养基培养。在选中的细胞群落逐渐扩大时, 实时检测是否存在杂细胞并及时清除; 当该细胞群落长成适当大小时, 用酶定点消化并梯度稀释到96孔板中, 待细胞贴壁后, 荧光显微镜下挑选出含单个细胞的孔, 标记并重点监测与培养; 细胞在96孔板中长成适当大小的克隆时, 随后扩大培养并及时冻存。
细胞株培养与功能鉴定  各稳转细胞株的培养均采用293T培养条件进行, 在37 ℃、5% CO2培养箱中进行培养。每天观察细胞数量及形态, 待细胞生长汇合至80%时, 用胰蛋白酶进行消化传代或根据实验需要接种于24或96孔板中, 并选取处于对数生长期的细胞进行实验。实验设空白对照组和实验组, 设立已知可上调的单体作为实验组, 用培养基稀释成相应浓度的溶液。实验组分别加入不同浓度的实验组, 空白对照组加入相应体积的培养基。
细胞荧光素酶活性检测  将待测细胞株置于4 ℃, 12 000 ×g离心3 min得到上清液。精密吸取上清于孔板中, 再加入荧光素酶工作液混匀, 室温孵育5 min, 使发光信号趋于稳定, 随后使用酶标仪测定荧光素酶的活性。再利用蛋白质浓度测定试剂盒进行蛋白含量测定, 绘制标准曲线, 计算出样品的蛋白质含量。最终的荧光素酶活性为: 相对荧光素酶活性单位=荧光素酶活性/蛋白含量[10]。为避免待测单体的细胞毒性对细胞存活率造成影响, 本实验中各单体的给药浓度均根据细胞存活率实验结果调整至安全范围。
BMSCs的分离培养从4~6周龄SD雄性大鼠分离BMSCs, 腿部酒精消毒取带肉胫骨部分。去除肌肉部分, 剪掉骨骺段, 露出骨骺腔, 随后用L-DMEM反复冲洗骨髓腔至发白。将冲洗液吹打均匀后进行培养。根据细胞贴合情况进行换液。至细胞融合度达85%, 进行传代纯化。通过流式细胞仪对BMSCs表面的特异性标志物进行检测, 选取BMSCs表面常见的阳性标志物CD29和CD90, 阴性标志物CD45进行测定, 从而确定从活体动物上分离提取的细胞能否满足实验要求[12]。
BMSCs的诱导验证当BMSCs长至P3代, 选取形态及生长情况良好的细胞, 统一药物浓度, 设置筛选药物组、上调药物对照组和空白对照组。根据细胞生长情况拍摄细胞照片, 后续采用Trizol试剂收集细胞并提取总RNA, 免疫荧光技术检测干细胞特异标志蛋白质的表达水平。
蛋白免疫荧光检测  将细胞用4%多聚甲醛进行固定, 随后配置Triton溶液通透细胞, 采用5% BSA封闭液常温封闭1 h, 过夜孵育一抗。次日常温避光孵育二抗2 h, 随后用PBS溶液进行漂洗。
统计学分析  采用GraphPad Prism 9.0、SPSS 25.0和Image J-Fiji 20240425对实验数据进行统计学分析, 结果以均值±标准差(x±s) 表示。通过双侧t检验确定显著性, P < 0.05表示两组数据有显著性差异, 具有统计学意义。
目前, 本课题组已经成功构建了分别靶向脑神经营养因子、血管内皮生长因子及肺部炎症因子的药物筛选模型。这些模型能够针对不同的疾病特征和病理特点, 进行精准的药效成分筛选与验证, 筛选中做到靶点与药效同时测定(图1)。本研究构建了两种报告基因体系, 其中报告基因E2为红色荧光蛋白标记, 用于快速定性观察和判断; 荧光素酶(luciferase, LUC) 用于定量测定(图2A)。CoCl2通过模拟缺氧信号、抑制低氧诱导因子与激活PI3K/Akt信号通路上调低氧诱导因子(hypoxia-inducible factor, HIF)[13, 14]; 脂多糖(lipopolysaccharides, LPS) 通过结合Toll样受体4 (Toll-like receptor 4, TLR4) 启动丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase, MAPK) 等信号通路、诱导细胞因子释放与引发氧化应激反应, 上调血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF)[15, 16]; 克伦特罗(clenbuterol, CLE) 通过激活β-肾上腺素受体信号通路和调节细胞内钙离子浓度, 从而上调神经生长因子(nerve growth factor, NGF)[17, 18]。当加入相应的阳性刺激物后, 目的基因上调, 红色荧光蛋白表达明显增加(图2B); LUC细胞株随阳性刺激物浓度升高, 荧光酶的表达增加(图2C)。
脑疾病发病率日益提高, 在全球范围内造成极大的经济负担[19]。随着我国人口老龄化程度加深, 神经系统疾病的发病率与死亡率呈逐步上升态势。尽管当下在神经系统疾病治疗药物研发方面已取得一定成果[20, 21], 但现有药物仍存在诸多不良反应, 如治疗后引发恶心、呕吐、心慌等[22]。缺血性脑血管病(脑缺血) 是世界范围内死亡和长期残疾的主要原因[23], 目前脑缺血的有效治疗主要涉及机体适应缺氧/缺血、血管新生及神经元的保护与再生等方面[24], 而大量研究报道表明, VEGF、HIF与NGF是与脑缺血相关的功能基因[25-28]。
中医药治疗缺血性脑血管病历史悠久, 多种复方制剂在防止缺血性脑血管病上具有显著疗效[4], 基于构建以VEGF与HIF启动子为作用靶点的细胞筛选模型, 本课题组筛选出了6种来源于不同中药活性成分对VEGF基因转录有激活作用的单体化合物(图3A), 分别为异甘草素(165%)、土木香内酯(156%)、藏红花素(163%)、乌头原碱(217%)、没食子酸(154%)、原儿茶酸(184%), 但以上单体对HIF基因转录无明显上调现象。
现代医学药理研究证实了藏药在治疗脑缺血方面的作用, 二十五味珊瑚丸、二十五味珍珠丸与二十味沉香丸皆是藏医经典方, 在临床有组合三方给药治疗神经系统疾病的使用习惯, 疗效显著[29]。于是本研究从3个藏药经典方中提取分离出17个化学单体成分, 进行活性筛选: 发现了其中编号为1、2、4、5、6、9、12的单体能够上调HIF基因的表达(图3B), 编号1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、15单体能够上调VEGF基因(图3C)。鞣花酸(ellagic acid, EA) 出自治疗心脑血管疾病的经典藏药复方二十五味珍珠丸, 通过入血成分分析发现, EA是复方中含量较高的一种单体, 80 μmol·L-1浓度以内的EA对小胶质细胞与神经元细胞增殖与生长无明显促进作用, 且目前已有的神经细胞模型无法明确EA的药效潜能及其相关作用机制。但在构建了以NGF和VEGF启动子为作用靶点的细胞筛选模型后, 本课题组发现EA能够显著上调NGF与VEGF的表达(图3D、E)。这一结果显示EA具备神经保护的潜力, 对于二十五味珍珠丸及复方成分治疗神经性疾病的作用机制具有积极的辅助作用, 有望为后续的研究与治疗提供新的方向和思路。
神经干细胞(neural stem cells, NSCs) 是具有多向分化潜能的成体干细胞, 其不仅具备自我更新能力, 还可通过增殖分化为神经元和星形胶质细胞, 从而发挥神经组织损伤修复作用。研究表明, 有效上调NGF的转录水平及蛋白表达, 可显著促进NSCs的增殖活性并引导其向功能性神经细胞定向分化[30]。现代药理学研究发现益智仁具有神经保护的药理作用, 包括促进睡眠、镇静与对抗神经损伤等[31]。于是本研究对从益智仁中提取出的圆柚桐、白杨素、杨芽黄素等6种主要成分进行初筛, 结果显示圆柚桐、白杨素、杨芽黄素对NGF基因转录均有上调作用(图3F~H), 在此基础上初筛药物与BMSCs共孵育, 发现白杨素、圆柚酮能上调神经元与胶质细胞标志蛋白的表达, 且具有一定诱导BMSCs向神经细胞分化的能力(图3I、J)。
据世界卫生组织报道, 心血管类疾病死亡的患者占全球死亡人数的31%[32]。其中动脉粥样硬化是引起冠心病、心肌梗死等心脑血管疾病的病理基础, 也是患者死亡的重要原因。大量研究数据表明, 动脉粥样硬化发病过程存在3条重要的典型信号通路: 核因子κB (nuclear factor kappa-B, NFκB)、细胞外调节激酶(extracellular regulated protein kinases, ERK)、c-Jun氨基末端激酶(c-Jun N-terminal kinase, JNK)[33-35]。基于此, 构建了具有抗动脉粥样硬化疾病特点的筛选模型。有大量研究数据表明, 贝母、坚果、芒果与黄芪具有一定防治心血管疾病的功效[36, 37], 于是本研究从以上天然药材中提取了相关10种中药单体成分, 筛选得到对JNK具有显著抑制作用的川芎嗪、CB-301、芒柄花苷和CB-202单体化合物(图4A); 抑制ERK表达的CB-301、贝母素乙、芒柄花苷和CB-202单体化合物(图4B); 以及抑制NFκB表达的β-谷甾醇、CB-202、CB-301及毛蕊异黄酮苷单体化合物(图4C)。
血管的再生修复是一个复杂的生物过程, 涉及多种因子和细胞的复杂调控网络, 其中α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-smooth muscle actin, α-SMA) 和VEGF分别是平滑肌细胞和血管内皮细胞的特异性标记基因, 血小板内皮细胞黏附因子(platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1, CD31) 作为黏附分子常存在于内皮细胞间紧密连接[38]。α-SMA、VEGF与CD31特异性标记基因的时序表达可一定程度反映血管生成的整个过程。如意珍宝丸、二十五味珊瑚丸及二十味沉香丸基于缺血性脑卒中不同病理阶段(急性期、恢复期、后遗症期) 的临床特征, 采用早期、中期、晚期的序贯联合给药方案, 通过改善急性期血瘀状态下的微循环障碍、调节血管舒缩功能及增加脑血流量三重作用机制, 实现多靶点改善脑组织血流灌注的治疗目标[39]。本研究从以上3个藏药经典方中选取10个药物单体化合物, 发现土木香内酯、西红花苷Ⅱ、木香烃内酯和芒果苷4个化合物能够显著增强VEGF启动子调控报告基因荧光素酶的转录和表达(图4D), 同时通过qPCR发现4个单体化合物均能不同程度地促进BMSCs转录合成α-SMA、VEGF和CD31基因的mRNA, 其中α-SMA基因(图4E) 在药物诱导BMSCs 4天时的相对表达量最佳, 而VEGF和CD31基因(图4F、G) 的最佳诱导时间是2天。基于现有药理学研究证据, 辛伐他汀通过多途径调控内皮祖细胞功能, 同步激活平滑肌细胞增殖与迁移进程, 在促进血管新生与组织修复方面展现出显著功效, 因而被确立为血管再生研究中的标准阳性对照药物[40, 41]。本研究采用免疫荧光标记技术系统评估BMSCs原位表达的α-SMA、VEGF及CD31关键蛋白(图4H~J), 并对荧光强度进行定量分析(图4K~M)。实验数据显示, 相较于空白对照组, 经土木香内酯、西红花苷Ⅱ、木香烃内酯和芒果苷4种活性成分处理的BMSCs呈现差异化的促分化效应: 在4天诱导周期内, 所有受试化合物均能有效诱导BMSCs高表达α-SMA蛋白, 其中土木香内酯、西红花苷Ⅱ及木香烃内酯组表现出统计学显著性差异; 另一方面, 2天的药物干预即可显著上调VEGF与CD31这两种血管生成标志物的蛋白表达水平。其中, 4个化合物均能极显著性地促进BMSCs表达VEGF蛋白, 木香烃内酯与西红花苷Ⅱ能够极显著性地促进BMSCs表达CD31蛋白, 且相对于阳性对照辛伐他汀, 木香烃内酯诱导BMSCs表达CD31蛋白也存在显著性差异。
急性肺损伤是一种临床上常见的呼吸系统疾病, 同时也是常见的危重病, 死亡率较高[42]。急性肺损伤常常伴随着炎症、弥漫性肺泡损伤和肺水肿等症状, 甚至引发急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acute respiratory distress syndrome, ARDS)。研究数据表明, 转化生长因子β (transforming growth factor-β, TGF-β) 通过结合细胞表面受体(TβRI/Ⅱ) 激活下游SMAD蛋白(SMAD2/3), 形成复合物后转移至细胞核, 调控靶基因(α-SMA) 的转录。ARDS的激活会导致肺纤维化、炎症级联放大与肺泡上皮损伤[43, 44]。本课题组通过将TGF-β核心启动子区域构建到荧光素酶报告基因载体上转染293T细胞, 建立TGF-β细胞筛选模型。藏蒙医习用沙棘治疗肺部疾病和肺热咳喘等, 在临床配伍的基础上形成新的处方沙甘清肺解毒颗粒, 该方具有清热祛痰、润肺排脓功效, 用于因肺热引起的多种肺部疾病应用多年, 疗效稳定[45]。本研究对沙甘清肺解毒颗粒中9种主要单体成分(红景天苷、甘草酸、山柰酚、甘草苷、甘草酸铵、没食子酸、绿原酸、异甘草苷、肉桂醛) 进行了系统性筛选与评估。实验结果显示, 红景天苷、异甘草苷及肉桂醛3种化合物对TGF-β启动子活性具有显著抑制效应。其中, 异甘草苷的抑制活性表现尤为突出, 经处理后TGF-β启动子活性仅维持基准水平的75% (图5A)。值得注意的是, 在相同实验条件下, 异甘草苷的抑制效能较其他有效成分更为显著, 展现出其在调节TGF-β信号通路方面潜在的优势药理活性。
基于此, 本研究通过体外实验探究异甘草苷是否可通过抑制小鼠肺泡上皮细胞中TGF-β活性, 进而发挥抑制炎症因子表达和减轻细胞凋亡的作用。首先, 对LPS诱导肺泡上皮细胞损伤模型的最佳诱导条件展开探究。实验结果显示10 µg·mL-1 LPS与细胞孵育24 h为最佳诱导条件(图5B、C)。随后, 考察异甘草苷对TGF-β/SMAD通路蛋白的影响, 与对照组相比, LPS诱导模型组的TGF-β和SMAD2/3含量显著升高, 而SMAD7含量显著降低, 这表明LPS诱导的肺泡上皮细胞损伤模型中, TGF-β/SMAD通路发挥重要作用(图5D)。而与模型组相比, 低浓度的异甘草苷显著性下调TGF-β并上调SMAD7, 高浓度的异甘草苷下调SMAD2/3水平(图5D)。上述结果显示, 异甘草苷能显著降低TGF-β含量水平, 通过下调SMAD2/3水平, 上调SMAD7含量, 对肺泡上皮细胞损伤起到保护作用。
本研究创建了一种基于干细胞模式的药物筛选模型“分子靶向筛选+干细胞定向诱导”, 目前完成药物筛选模型(神经营养因子、血管内皮生长因子及肺部炎症因子) 的构建, 应用于针对不同靶标与标志性蛋白进行药效成分的高通量筛选和验证。
鉴于中药材存在成分复杂、微量成分繁多以及药效成分不明确等特性, 可通过血清化学方法追踪复方成分中进入血液的活性成分, 或者直接选取复方药物中的已知主要成分。利用已构建的稳转细胞株, 对所选取的主要成分实施高通量筛选操作。首先, 借助细胞毒性实验确定成分的最适浓度, 对稳转细胞株进行刺激。随后, 通过检测荧光强度或荧光素酶活性, 初步判定其中的有效成分。在初步药物筛选之后, 对筛选出的成分进行干细胞定向诱导验证, 以此考察是否存在相关营养因子表达与分泌的情况。最后, 依据模型的预判结果, 构建动物模型, 验证筛选成分的药效, 从而完成从细胞层面到动物层面的系统性药物筛选与验证流程, 为中药材与复方药效成分的确定提供科学依据与有效方法。
本研究构建的药物筛选模型具备预判药效物质基础的能力, 其特征显著, 主要涵盖以下5个方面: ①该模型在筛选过程中所需供试品用量少, 有利于适当增加生物学重复进行高通量筛选, 有效提升药物筛选的精密度; ②模型依托于荧光蛋白报告基因体系与荧光素酶报告基因体系, 能够运用常见、简便且快捷的检测技术, 高效地开展定性与定量分析工作。在此过程中, 荧光强度与酶活力所呈现的双重结果可相互印证, 进而增强筛选结果的准确性; ③鉴于模型中所涉及的质粒具有可改造性, 因此能够构建针对各类疾病靶点的药物筛选模型, 以此对药效进行评估, 在实际应用中展现出广泛的适用性; ④凭借该模型所具备的预判优势, 能够对未来实验动物的使用及临床试验所需成本进行有效把控, 降低研发成本; ⑤通过借助干细胞定向分化期间的发育依赖性生物信息, 进一步挖掘更多潜在的药效物质基础。
在对各类疾病稳定细胞株进行功能验证期间, 本课题组发现尽管各类细胞株对于已知的阳性刺激物都有显著响应, 报告基因表达量上升, 然而其上调倍数却均低于文献[46]所记载的水平。这表明细胞模型对刺激的敏感度欠佳, 可能是由于载体细胞株差异所致。本研究采用的是研究外源基因表达时最为常用的293T细胞, 与相关文献所使用的细胞株不同。目前, 本课题组正尝试直接使用干细胞构建稳转细胞株, 并且对转染方法加以优化, 旨在提升转染效率与稳定性, 进而打造出与干细胞适配性更强的细胞筛选模型。此外, 为了进一步降低误差, 本课题组还尝试依据抗原-抗体相互作用原理, 借助酶和比色检测手段, 更直观地对干细胞定向诱导表达与分泌蛋白进行定量。
目前, 该模型在神经系统疾病中的筛选运用已较为完善, 虽然在心血管疾病、肺部疾病、肝部疾病[47]已有运用, 但还具有长远的发展空间。后续本课题组以借鉴抗氧化、抗肝细胞凋亡脂质积累与调节脂质代谢等思路[48, 49], 为完善模型在肝部疾病中的运用寻觅新的出口。
总之, 本研究构建的细胞模型为寻找各类疾病新型药物及其先导化合物提供了有力工具, 有助于药物在神经性疾病、心血管疾病与肺部疾病等疾病作用机制的发现以及相关基因转录调控机制的探索。不过筛选模型还有许多可改进的地方, 本课题组将不断优化与完善基于干细胞模式的药物筛选模型, 以建立更有效、灵敏度更高、普适性更广的细胞筛选模型为持久目标。

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2025年第60卷第9期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-1282
  • 接收时间:2024-12-23
  • 首发时间:2026-09-20
  • 出版时间:2025-09-12
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-23
  • 修回日期:2025-04-22
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    1西南交通大学, 生命科学与工程学院, 四川 成都 610031
    2西南交通大学, 材料科学与工程学院, 四川 成都 610031

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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