Article(id=1308459291388699155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308459188263342104, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-1242, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1734019200000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-13, revisedDate=1747584000000, revisedDateStr=2025-05-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789890605065, onlineDateStr=2026-09-20, pubDate=1757606400000, pubDateStr=2025-09-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789890605065, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789890605065, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789890605065, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1308459188263342104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2025', volume='60', issue='9', pageStart='2649', pageEnd='2912', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1757606400000', pubDateStr='2025-09-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789890580478, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789893297273, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1308470583390401503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308459188263342104, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1308470583390401504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308459188263342104, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2818, endPage=2826, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1308459291610997268, articleId=1308459291388699155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=The mechanism of pretreatment with cake-separated moxibustion alleviates the injury of aspirin to the gastric mucosa, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate whether pretreatment with cake-separated moxibustion can alleviate the injury of aspirin to the gastric mucosa and reveal its potential mechanism, Sprague-Dawley rats (male and female) were randomly divided into the blank control group, model group, pretreatment acupoint group, and pretreatment control point group, 20 rats in each group. This experiment was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of Hunan Slack Jingda Laboratory Animal Co., Ltd. (approval No.: IACUC-SJA18038). From day 1 to day 8, the rats in the blank control and model groups were tied for 30 min each day, and the rats in the pretreatment acupoint group, and pretreatment control point group were tied and treated with moxibustion for 30 min each day. The rats in each group were fasted without water for 24 h after tying on days 2, 4, 6 and 8, respectively, and then gavaged at 150 mg·kg-1 aspirin, and the gavage volume of 1 mL per 100 g body weight was injected into the stomach of the rats in the model group, pretreatment acupoint group, and pretreatment control point group, and the normal saline was injected into the stomach of the rats in the blank control group with a gavage needle at a dose of 1 mL per 100 g body weight. Gastric mucosa injury index was observed, and histology of gastric mucosa was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in serum and gastric mucosa were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The levels of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) in gastric mucosa were detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot. The results showed that compared with the blank control group, the rats in the model group showed increased behavior status, emotional response, skin hair, diet status and stool status scores (P < 0.05), significantly higher gastric mucosal injury index (P < 0.05), significantly lower SOD (P < 0.05), and significantly higher MDA (P < 0.05), and significantly upregulated Keap1 expression in gastric mucosal tissues (P < 0.05), while the expression of Nrf2, HO-1, CAT, GST, and NQO1 was significantly downregulated (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, the emotional response and sleep status scores of the rats in the pretreatment acupoint group were reduced (P < 0.05), and the gastric mucosal injury index was significantly reduced (P < 0.05), and the gastric mucosal injury in pretreatment control point group tended to be reduced, but there was no statistical difference (P > 0.05), and SOD was significantly increased (P < 0.05), while MDA was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) and the level of Keap1 was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), while the expression of Nrf2, HO-1, CAT, GST, and NQO1 was significantly upregulated (P < 0.05) in the pretreatment acupoint group and pretreatment control point group. Compared with the pretreatment control point group, the gastric mucosal injury index was significantly lower (P < 0.05), SOD was significantly higher (P < 0.05), while MDA was significantly lower (P < 0.05), Keap1 was significantly lower (P < 0.05) and Nrf2, HO-1, CAT, GST, and NQO1 were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the pretreatment acupoint group. The above results suggested that the pretreatment of cake-separated moxibustion could activate Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE)/HO-1 signaling pathway, enhance the antioxidant stress ability of gastric mucosa cells, and reduce the damage of gastric mucosa caused by aspirin.

, authors=Zhan YI1, Ding-yan BI1, *, Yin XU2, Jia-yi WANG2, authorsList=Zhan YI, Ding-yan BI, Yin XU, Jia-yi WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ding-yan BI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1308459294245020189, articleId=1308459291388699155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=隔药饼灸预处理减轻阿司匹林对胃黏膜的损伤机制的研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

探讨隔药饼灸预处理是否能减轻阿司匹林对胃黏膜的损伤, 并揭示其潜在机制。Sprague-Dawley大鼠(雌雄各半) 随机分为空白对照组、模型组、预处理穴位组和预处理对照点组, 每组20只。本实验获得湖南斯莱克景达实验动物有限公司实验动物福利伦理委员会批准(批准号: IACUC-SJA18038)。实验第1~8天, 空白对照组和模型组大鼠每天捆绑处理30 min, 预处理穴位组和预处理对照点组大鼠每天捆绑后施隔药饼灸30 min。分别于第2、4、6、8天捆绑结束后, 各组大鼠禁食不禁水24 h, 然后按150 mg·kg-1阿司匹林灌胃, 灌胃容积为每100 g体重1 mL注入模型组、预处理穴位组和预处理对照点组大鼠胃内, 按每100 g体重1 mL的剂量用灌胃针将生理盐水注入空白对照组大鼠胃内。观察胃黏膜损伤指数; 苏木精-伊红染色法观察胃黏膜组织形态学; 酶联免疫吸附实验检测血清、胃黏膜组织中超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD) 和丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA) 含量; 定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, RT-qPCR) 和蛋白质印迹(Western blot) 检测胃黏膜组织中凯尔希样ECH相关蛋白1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, Keap1)、核因子E2相关因子2 (nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2, Nrf2)、血红素氧合酶1 (heme oxygenase-1, HO-1)、过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)、谷胱甘肽S转移酶(glutathione S-transferase, GST)、NAD(P)H醌氧化还原酶1 [NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1, NQO1] 的水平。结果显示, 与空白对照组比较, 模型组大鼠的行为状态、情绪反应、皮肤毛发、饮食状态和大便状态评分都增加(P < 0.05), 胃黏膜损伤指数显著升高(P < 0.05), SOD显著降低(P < 0.05), 而MDA显著升高(P < 0.05), 胃黏膜组织中Keap1的表达显著上调(P < 0.05), 而Nrf2、HO-1、CAT、GST、NQO1的表达显著下调(P < 0.05); 与模型组相比, 预处理穴位组大鼠的情绪反应评分减少(P < 0.05), 胃黏膜损伤指数显著降低(P < 0.05), 预处理对照点组胃黏膜损伤有减轻趋势, 但无统计学差异(P > 0.05), 预处理穴位组和预处理对照点组SOD显著升高(P < 0.05), 而MDA显著降低(P < 0.05), Keap1的水平显著下降(P < 0.05), 而Nrf2、HO-1、CAT、GST、NQO1的表达显著上调(P < 0.05); 与预处理对照点组比较, 预处理穴位组胃黏膜损伤指数明显降低(P < 0.05), SOD显著升高(P < 0.05), 而MDA显著降低(P < 0.05), Keap1明显下降(P < 0.05) 和Nrf2、HO-1、CAT、GST、NQO1显著上升(P < 0.05)。以上结果表明, 隔药饼灸预处理能激活Nrf2/抗氧化反应元件/HO-1信号通路, 增强胃黏膜细胞的抗氧化应激能力, 减轻阿司匹林对胃黏膜的损伤。

, authors=易展1, 贲定严1, *, 徐寅2, 王佳怡2, authorsList=易展, 贲定严, 徐寅, 王佳怡, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=贲定严, authorNote=

作者贡献:

易展进行实验设计、实验操作、数据分析和统计、论文撰写; 贲定严负责设计指导、实验指导和技术支持; 王佳怡协助实验进行及实验数据分析; 徐寅指导和监督实验过程并协助论文撰写。

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贲定严, E-mail:
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Scale bar = 100 μm, magnification ×100; scale bar = 25 μm, magnification ×400. n = 20, x±s. *P < 0.05 vs blank control group; #P < 0.05 vs model group; & P < 0.05 vs pretreatment control point group, figureFileSmall=Ee5dOabYfF7NsCZu0+dFbg==, figureFileBig=1LNRCDzWLJ+7aE8AU+jnbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308497548722139634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308459291388699155, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=G/Tawz6QqW07DI3TFV1JXA==, figureFileBig=ytJW8nK4konGfYtT0ipzKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308497548839580147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308459291388699155, language=CN, label=Fig.3, caption=Concentrations of SOD and MDA in serum and gastric mucosa. A: The activity of SOD in serum and gastric mucosa was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; B: MDA content in serum and gastric mucosa was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. n = 20, x±s. *P < 0.05 vs blank control group; #P < 0.05 vs model group; & P < 0.05 vs pretreatment control point group. SOD: Superoxide dismutase; MDA: Malondialdehyde, figureFileSmall=G/Tawz6QqW07DI3TFV1JXA==, figureFileBig=ytJW8nK4konGfYtT0ipzKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308497548931854836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308459291388699155, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=/dNpM7CFCLrm5aWCAQURpA==, figureFileBig=/equs6ESZhv2Y4V27bmsvQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308497549040906741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308459291388699155, language=CN, label=Fig.4, caption=mRNA and protein levels of Keap1, Nrf2, HO-1, CAT, GST, and NQO1 in gastric mucosa. A: mRNA levels were detected by RT-qPCR; B: Western blot analysis was performed to detect the protein levels. n = 20, x±s. *P < 0.05 vs blank control group; #P < 0.05 vs model group; & P < 0.05 vs pretreatment control point group. 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隔药饼灸预处理减轻阿司匹林对胃黏膜的损伤机制的研究
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易展 1 , 贲定严 1, * , 徐寅 2 , 王佳怡 2
药学学报 | 研究论文 2025,60(9): 2818-2826
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药学学报 |研究论文 2025 , 60 (9) : 2818 -2826
隔药饼灸预处理减轻阿司匹林对胃黏膜的损伤机制的研究
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易展1, 贲定严1, * , 徐寅2, 王佳怡2
作者信息
  • 1湖南中医药大学湘杏学院, 湖南 长沙 410208
  • 2湖南中医药大学第一附属医院, 湖南 长沙 410007
通讯作者:
贲定严, E-mail:
作者简介:

作者贡献:

易展进行实验设计、实验操作、数据分析和统计、论文撰写; 贲定严负责设计指导、实验指导和技术支持; 王佳怡协助实验进行及实验数据分析; 徐寅指导和监督实验过程并协助论文撰写。

The mechanism of pretreatment with cake-separated moxibustion alleviates the injury of aspirin to the gastric mucosa
Zhan YI1, Ding-yan BI1, * , Yin XU2, Jia-yi WANG2
Affiliations
  • 1Xiangxing College of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
  • 2The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, China
出版时间: 2025-09-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-1242
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探讨隔药饼灸预处理是否能减轻阿司匹林对胃黏膜的损伤, 并揭示其潜在机制。Sprague-Dawley大鼠(雌雄各半) 随机分为空白对照组、模型组、预处理穴位组和预处理对照点组, 每组20只。本实验获得湖南斯莱克景达实验动物有限公司实验动物福利伦理委员会批准(批准号: IACUC-SJA18038)。实验第1~8天, 空白对照组和模型组大鼠每天捆绑处理30 min, 预处理穴位组和预处理对照点组大鼠每天捆绑后施隔药饼灸30 min。分别于第2、4、6、8天捆绑结束后, 各组大鼠禁食不禁水24 h, 然后按150 mg·kg-1阿司匹林灌胃, 灌胃容积为每100 g体重1 mL注入模型组、预处理穴位组和预处理对照点组大鼠胃内, 按每100 g体重1 mL的剂量用灌胃针将生理盐水注入空白对照组大鼠胃内。观察胃黏膜损伤指数; 苏木精-伊红染色法观察胃黏膜组织形态学; 酶联免疫吸附实验检测血清、胃黏膜组织中超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD) 和丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA) 含量; 定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, RT-qPCR) 和蛋白质印迹(Western blot) 检测胃黏膜组织中凯尔希样ECH相关蛋白1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, Keap1)、核因子E2相关因子2 (nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2, Nrf2)、血红素氧合酶1 (heme oxygenase-1, HO-1)、过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)、谷胱甘肽S转移酶(glutathione S-transferase, GST)、NAD(P)H醌氧化还原酶1 [NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1, NQO1] 的水平。结果显示, 与空白对照组比较, 模型组大鼠的行为状态、情绪反应、皮肤毛发、饮食状态和大便状态评分都增加(P < 0.05), 胃黏膜损伤指数显著升高(P < 0.05), SOD显著降低(P < 0.05), 而MDA显著升高(P < 0.05), 胃黏膜组织中Keap1的表达显著上调(P < 0.05), 而Nrf2、HO-1、CAT、GST、NQO1的表达显著下调(P < 0.05); 与模型组相比, 预处理穴位组大鼠的情绪反应评分减少(P < 0.05), 胃黏膜损伤指数显著降低(P < 0.05), 预处理对照点组胃黏膜损伤有减轻趋势, 但无统计学差异(P > 0.05), 预处理穴位组和预处理对照点组SOD显著升高(P < 0.05), 而MDA显著降低(P < 0.05), Keap1的水平显著下降(P < 0.05), 而Nrf2、HO-1、CAT、GST、NQO1的表达显著上调(P < 0.05); 与预处理对照点组比较, 预处理穴位组胃黏膜损伤指数明显降低(P < 0.05), SOD显著升高(P < 0.05), 而MDA显著降低(P < 0.05), Keap1明显下降(P < 0.05) 和Nrf2、HO-1、CAT、GST、NQO1显著上升(P < 0.05)。以上结果表明, 隔药饼灸预处理能激活Nrf2/抗氧化反应元件/HO-1信号通路, 增强胃黏膜细胞的抗氧化应激能力, 减轻阿司匹林对胃黏膜的损伤。

隔药饼灸预处理  /  Nrf2/ARE/HO-1信号通路  /  氧化应激  /  阿司匹林  /  胃黏膜损伤

To investigate whether pretreatment with cake-separated moxibustion can alleviate the injury of aspirin to the gastric mucosa and reveal its potential mechanism, Sprague-Dawley rats (male and female) were randomly divided into the blank control group, model group, pretreatment acupoint group, and pretreatment control point group, 20 rats in each group. This experiment was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of Hunan Slack Jingda Laboratory Animal Co., Ltd. (approval No.: IACUC-SJA18038). From day 1 to day 8, the rats in the blank control and model groups were tied for 30 min each day, and the rats in the pretreatment acupoint group, and pretreatment control point group were tied and treated with moxibustion for 30 min each day. The rats in each group were fasted without water for 24 h after tying on days 2, 4, 6 and 8, respectively, and then gavaged at 150 mg·kg-1 aspirin, and the gavage volume of 1 mL per 100 g body weight was injected into the stomach of the rats in the model group, pretreatment acupoint group, and pretreatment control point group, and the normal saline was injected into the stomach of the rats in the blank control group with a gavage needle at a dose of 1 mL per 100 g body weight. Gastric mucosa injury index was observed, and histology of gastric mucosa was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in serum and gastric mucosa were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The levels of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) in gastric mucosa were detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot. The results showed that compared with the blank control group, the rats in the model group showed increased behavior status, emotional response, skin hair, diet status and stool status scores (P < 0.05), significantly higher gastric mucosal injury index (P < 0.05), significantly lower SOD (P < 0.05), and significantly higher MDA (P < 0.05), and significantly upregulated Keap1 expression in gastric mucosal tissues (P < 0.05), while the expression of Nrf2, HO-1, CAT, GST, and NQO1 was significantly downregulated (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, the emotional response and sleep status scores of the rats in the pretreatment acupoint group were reduced (P < 0.05), and the gastric mucosal injury index was significantly reduced (P < 0.05), and the gastric mucosal injury in pretreatment control point group tended to be reduced, but there was no statistical difference (P > 0.05), and SOD was significantly increased (P < 0.05), while MDA was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) and the level of Keap1 was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), while the expression of Nrf2, HO-1, CAT, GST, and NQO1 was significantly upregulated (P < 0.05) in the pretreatment acupoint group and pretreatment control point group. Compared with the pretreatment control point group, the gastric mucosal injury index was significantly lower (P < 0.05), SOD was significantly higher (P < 0.05), while MDA was significantly lower (P < 0.05), Keap1 was significantly lower (P < 0.05) and Nrf2, HO-1, CAT, GST, and NQO1 were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the pretreatment acupoint group. The above results suggested that the pretreatment of cake-separated moxibustion could activate Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE)/HO-1 signaling pathway, enhance the antioxidant stress ability of gastric mucosa cells, and reduce the damage of gastric mucosa caused by aspirin.

pretreatment with cake-separated moxibustion  /  Nrf2/ARE/HO-1 signaling pathway  /  oxidative stress  /  aspirin  /  gastric mucosa injury
易展, 贲定严, 徐寅, 王佳怡. 隔药饼灸预处理减轻阿司匹林对胃黏膜的损伤机制的研究. 药学学报, 2025 , 60 (9) : 2818 -2826 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-1242
Zhan YI, Ding-yan BI, Yin XU, Jia-yi WANG. The mechanism of pretreatment with cake-separated moxibustion alleviates the injury of aspirin to the gastric mucosa[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2025 , 60 (9) : 2818 -2826 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-1242
随着非甾体抗炎药(nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, NSAIDs) 使用率的成倍增长, 使得非甾体相关性胃病的发病风险大大增加。在NSAIDs中, 阿司匹林是非处方药中最常见的一种, 主要用作止痛药或抗炎药, 用于心血管疾病[1]。然而, 该药物对胃肠道的不良反应仍然是其对人类治疗功效的主要限制。艾灸治疗是通过在各种温度水平下直接或间接进行热刺激来进行的[2]。隔药饼灸是一种重要的灸法, 它结合了穴位、灸法和传统中草药, 在胃病治疗的实践中越来越受欢迎[3]。中医认为, 脾胃气虚证为NSAIDs相关性胃病症结所在, 而健脾益气名方四君子汤具有抗胃肠黏膜损伤、改善肠道黏膜免疫功能的药理作用[4]。因此, 本研究探讨四君子汤做成药饼后, 隔药饼灸预处理对阿司匹林造成的胃黏膜损伤的作用。
氧化应激是NSAIDs引起胃肠道损伤的重要环节之一, 核因子E2相关因子2 (nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2, Nrf2)/抗氧化反应元件(antioxidant response element, ARE)/血红素氧合酶1 (heme oxygenase-1, HO-1) 通路在抗氧化应激中起着非常重要的作用。Nrf2是调节细胞氧化应激状态的关键蛋白[5]。在生理上不受压力的条件下, Nrf2被细胞质中的凯尔希样ECH相关蛋白1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, Keap1) 锚定, 并被泛素蛋白酶体途径降解[6]。一旦细胞受到氧化损伤时, Nrf2就会从Keap1中释放出来并转移到细胞核中, 并与ARE结合, 从而激活一系列抗氧化和细胞保护性基因的转录[7]。NSAIDs给药后活化的中性粒细胞产生的活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS) 通过脂质、蛋白质和脱氧核糖核酸(deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA) 氧化而引起胃黏膜损害, Nrf2介导的HO-1诱导参与了NSAIDs氧化应激和NSAIDs诱导的胃损伤的保护[8]。因此, 本研究拟探究隔药饼灸预处理在治疗阿司匹林对胃黏膜的损伤中是否通过激活Nrf2/ARE/HO-1信号通路起作用。
主要实验试剂和仪器  二氧化碳培养箱(型号: DH-160I) 购自中国上海三藤仪器有限公司; 超净台(型号: YT-CJ-2NB) 购自中国北京亚泰科隆仪器技术有限公司; 酶标仪(型号: MB-530) 购自中国深圳市汇松科技发展有限公司; 超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD) 测定试剂盒(#A001-3) 和丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA) 测定试剂盒(#A003-1) 购自中国南京建成生物工程研究所; 荧光定量PCR仪(型号: QuantStudio1) 购自美国Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.; 电泳仪(型号: DYY-6C)、电泳槽(型号: DYCZ-24DN)、转膜仪(型号: DYCZ-40D) 购自中国北京六一生物科技有限公司; 放射免疫沉淀法裂解缓冲液(AWB0136) 和增强化学发光试剂(AWB0005) 购自中国长沙艾碧维生物科技有限公司; BCA蛋白定量试剂盒(CW0014S) 购自中国江苏康为世纪生物科技股份有限公司; 抗体Keap1 (ab119403) 购自英国Abcam Limited; 抗体Nrf2 (16396-1-AP)、HO-1 (66743-1-Ig)、过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT; 21260-1-AP)、谷胱甘肽S转移酶(glutathione S-transferase, GST; 21260-1-AP)、NAD(P)H醌氧化还原酶1 [NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1, NQO1; 67240-1-Ig]、β-actin (66009-1-Ig)、辣根过氧化物酶标记山羊抗小鼠免疫球蛋白G (SA00001-1)、辣根过氧化物酶标记山羊抗小鼠免疫球蛋白G (SA00001-2) 购自中国武汉三鹰生物技术有限公司; 化学发光成像系统(型号: Chemiscope6100) 购自中国上海勤翔科学仪器有限公司。
实验动物及分组  健康的Sprague-Dawley大鼠80只(无特定病原体动物), 6~8周龄, 体重200~250 g, 雌雄各半, 购于湖南斯莱克景达实验动物有限公司。生产许可证号: SCXK (湘) 2019-0004。在湖南中医药大学动物实验室(清洁级) 喂养, 饲养温度20~25 ºC, 湿度50%~70%。对动物的各种实验处理严格遵照中华人民共和国科技部2006年颁布的有关动物的使用及伦理学规定。本实验获得湖南斯莱克景达实验动物有限公司实验动物福利伦理委员会批准(批准号: IACUC-SJA18038)。将80只Sprague-Dawley大鼠随机分为4组, 每组20只。空白对照组、模型组(阿司匹林诱导胃黏膜损伤模型组)、预处理穴位组(隔药饼灸预处理穴位+模型组)、预处理对照点组(隔药饼灸预处理对照点+模型组)。
造模方法  实验第1~8天, 空白对照组和模型组大鼠每天捆绑处理30 min, 预处理穴位组和预处理对照点组大鼠每天捆绑后施隔药饼灸30 min。分别于第2、4、6、8天捆绑结束后, 各组大鼠禁食不禁水24 h, 然后按150 mg·kg-1阿司匹林灌胃[9], 灌胃容积为每100 g体重1 mL注入模型组、预处理穴位组和预处理对照点组大鼠胃内, 按每100 g体重1 mL剂量用灌胃针将生理盐水注入空白对照组大鼠胃内。以实验大鼠胃黏膜出现溃烂、出血点, 胃黏膜损伤指数增加, 病理结构变化判定阿司匹林诱导大鼠胃黏膜损伤模型是否成功。灌胃4 h后, 处死大鼠, 取血清、胃黏膜组织检测指标。实验期间, 每天观察记录大鼠的精神状态、活动情况、皮肤毛发、饮食、粪便情况等大体行为变化。
施灸治疗方法  艾炷选用苏州东方艾绒厂生产的“神灸300灸”艾炷(型号: 东方一型)。隔药饼的药物及药饼制作是按人参、白术、茯苓、甘草(2∶2∶2∶1) 比例配伍, 碎成粉末用醋调匀。将上药按一定剂量比例粉碎为末, 使用时以醋调成糊状, 在每个穴位上捏压成厚2 mm, 直径为1 ± 0.2 cm的药饼。捆缚固定于鼠板上施灸, 取穴定位后剪毛, 直接将直径0.5 cm的艾炷放在药饼上, 点燃施灸, 待艾炷燃完且余热散尽后, 再换另一壮, 每穴连续灸4~5壮(30 min), 每日一次。两组穴位, ①足三里、中脘; ②脾俞、胃俞。每次取一组穴位, 两组交替进行。每天4个穴位都做, 连续治疗8天。
穴位、非穴对照点定位  以胸锁联合和耻骨联合连线下1/4与上3/4交点为肚脐。足三里位于膝关节后外侧, 腓骨小头下约5 mm处; 中脘位于膝与胸骨剑突连线中点, 约脐上20 mm处; 脾俞位于第十二胸椎下, 旁开5 mm; 胃俞位于第十三胸椎下, 旁开5 mm; 足三里非穴对照点位于膝关节后内侧, 在胫骨内侧髁约5 mm处; 中脘非穴对照点位于中脘旁开1 cm; 脾俞、胃俞非穴对照点位于与脾俞、胃俞平行后正中线旁开1 cm。穴位定位参考《实验针灸学》第9版常用实验动物针灸穴位附图中的取穴方法[10]。
外观行为观测  每天观察记录各组大鼠的外观行为变化, 记录大鼠的精神状态、活动情况、皮肤毛发、饮食、粪便情况等, 参考大鼠外观行为评分标准进行赋分[11], 取每天大鼠外观行为分值的均值为外观行为变化分值。大鼠外观行为评分标准如下所示: 行为状态: 扎堆2分, 少动1分, 适度0分; 情绪反应: 缓慢2分, 较慢1分, 适度0分; 皮肤毛发: 枯乱2分, 不泽1分, 顺泽0分; 饮食状态: 减少2分, 较少1分, 适量0分; 大便状态: 稀溏2分, 便软1分, 适宜0分。
大鼠胃黏膜损伤指数统计  按GUTH标准[12]进行, 斑点糜烂计1分; 糜烂长度 < 1 mm计2分; 糜烂长度1~2 mm计3分; 糜烂长度2~4 mm计4分; 糜烂长度 > 4 mm计5分; 宽度 > 1 mm时分值×2。
苏木精-伊红染色法  苏木精-伊红染色法观察大鼠胃黏膜组织形态学的变化。距胃幽门1 cm处取材, 剪下胃黏膜组织一小块, 大小约5 mm×10 mm, 放入10%甲醛(取40%中性甲醛水溶剂1份, 加9份水配制) 固定24 h, 石蜡包埋, 切片(厚度4~5 μm), 苏木精-伊红染色, 光学显微镜下观察胃黏膜有无充血、水肿, 黏膜上皮有无脱落, 黏膜固有腺是否完整或破坏, 胃黏膜间质炎细胞浸润情况等组织的形态变化。胃黏膜炎症用半定量法: 每张切片取4个视野, 按炎细胞浸润程度分4级(1~4分)。0级(1分) 无炎症, 1级(2分) 胃小凹或固有腺底部可见散在少数炎细胞, 2级(3分) 胃黏膜间质有散在多数炎细胞, 3级(4分) 胃黏膜间质有密集成堆的炎细胞, 根据每个视野的炎症分级, 取平均值进行比较。
SOD和MDA含量测定  采用SOD和MDA试剂盒检测血清、胃黏膜组织中SOD活力和MDA含量。
定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, RT-qPCR)  RT-qPCR检测胃黏膜组织中Keap1、Nrf2、HO-1、CAT、GST和NQO1的表达水平。简述如下, 使用Trizol法提取总RNA, cDNA逆转录试剂盒将RNA逆转录为cDNAs, 应用荧光定量PCR仪检验基因的相对表达。以β-actin作为内参基因, 采用2-ΔΔCt方法计算基因的相对水平。本研究使用的引物序列如下所示: Keap1-F: CCCATGCAGCCCGAACCCAA, Keap1-R: GTCACCTCCGCC-TTGCACTCC; Nrf2-F: ACGGCTAAAACTTCCTACTGTGA, Nrf2-R: ACACTTACACAGAAACTAGCCCAA; HO-1-F: TTGTTATTTCCCCAGTTCTACCAG, HO-1-R: CAAAAGACAGCCCTACTTGGTT; CAT-F: ATAGCCAGAAGAGAAACCCACA, CAT-R: CGCTGAACA-AGAAAGTAACCTG; GST-F: GCTGCCCACCACTGTTGCC, GST-R: GCCCATCCACTTCTCTCCTAGCA; NQO1-F: CTTGCTTTCAGTTTTCGCCTT, NQO1-R: GCCCCTAATCTGACCTCGTTC; β-actin-F: ACATCCGTAAAGACCTCTATGCC, β-actin-R: TACTCCTGCT-TGCTGATCCAC。
蛋白质印迹(Western blot)  取适量组织, 加入适量放射免疫沉淀法裂解缓冲液, 离心后取上清。根据BCA蛋白定量试剂盒测定蛋白浓度。混合十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳上样缓冲液, 混合物在100 ℃沸水浴中加热5 min, 通过凝胶电泳将蛋白吸附在聚偏二氟乙烯膜上, 用5%脱脂牛奶溶液在室温下封闭2 h, 用针对Keap1、Nrf2、HO-1、CAT、GST、NQO1和β-actin的抗体, 4 ℃孵育过夜。在室温下, 缓冲盐溶液洗涤3次, 孵育二抗辣根过氧化物酶标记山羊抗小鼠免疫球蛋白G或辣根过氧化物酶标记山羊抗兔免疫球蛋白G。增强化学发光试剂显色曝光, 使用化学发光成像系统检测蛋白条带, β-actin作为检测表达水平的内参。
统计学分析  采用GraphPad 8.0进行统计分析, 3个独立实验数据用平均数±标准差表示。服从正态分布的两组间比较采用非配对t检验, 多组间比较采用单因素方差分析, 再进行Tukey's事后检验。P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。
与空白对照组比较, 模型组大鼠的行为状态、情绪反应、皮肤毛发、饮食状态和大便状态评分都增加(P < 0.05); 与模型组相比, 预处理穴位组大鼠的情绪反应评分减少(P < 0.05); 与预处理对照点组大鼠相比, 预处理穴位组稍微有所改善(图1)。
与空白对照组比较, 模型组胃黏膜损伤指数显著升高(P < 0.05), 说明造模成功; 与模型组相比, 预处理对照点组胃黏膜损伤有减轻趋势, 但无统计学差异(P > 0.05); 预处理穴位组胃黏膜损伤指数显著低于模型组(P < 0.05); 与预处理对照点组比较, 预处理穴位组胃黏膜损伤指数明显降低(P < 0.05, 图2A)。苏木精-伊红染色法大鼠胃黏膜组织发现, 与空白对照组比较, 模型组胃黏膜炎症明显增加; 与模型组相比, 预处理对照点组胃黏膜炎症有减轻趋势, 而预处理穴位组胃黏膜炎症明显减轻; 与预处理对照点组比较, 预处理穴位组胃黏膜炎症明显减轻(图2B)。以上结果说明, 隔药饼灸可降低胃黏膜损伤程度, 且隔药饼灸预处理穴位作用优于对照点位。
为了检测隔药饼灸预处理大鼠抗氧化应激能力及阿司匹林干预的影响, 采用酶联免疫吸附实验检测血清和胃黏膜组织中SOD活力和MDA含量。与空白对照组比较, 模型组SOD显著降低(P < 0.05), 而MDA显著升高(P < 0.05); 与模型组相比, 预处理穴位组和预处理对照点组SOD显著升高(P < 0.05), 而MDA显著降低(P < 0.05); 与预处理对照点组比较, 预处理穴位组SOD显著升高(P < 0.05), 而MDA显著降低(P < 0.05, 图3)。以上结果说明, 隔药饼灸预处理可增强抗氧化应激能力, 减轻阿司匹林对胃黏膜的损伤, 且隔药饼灸预处理穴位作用优于对照点位。
为探讨隔药饼灸预处理是否调控Nrf2/ARE/HO-1信号通路, 本研究用RT-qPCR (图4A) 和Western blot (图4B) 检测各组大鼠胃黏膜组织中Keap1、Nrf2、HO-1、CAT、GST、NQO1的水平。与空白对照组大鼠相比时, 模型组大鼠胃黏膜组织中Keap1的表达显著上调(P < 0.05), 而Nrf2、HO-1、CAT、GST、NQO1的表达显著下调(P < 0.05)。与模型组大鼠相比, 用隔药饼灸预处理穴位治疗后, Keap1的水平急剧下降(P < 0.05), 表明Keap1降解; 而Nrf2、HO-1、CAT、GST、NQO1的表达显著上调(P < 0.05), 说明隔药饼灸预处理穴位可能通过直接降解Keap1激活Nrf2/ARE/HO-1途径; 与预处理对照点组相比, 预处理穴位组Keap1明显下降(P < 0.05) 和Nrf2、HO-1、CAT、GST、NQO1上升显著(P < 0.05)。总而言之, 本研究发现, 隔药饼灸预处理穴位能激活Nrf2/ARE/HO-1信号通路, 增强胃黏膜细胞的抗氧化应激能力, 减轻阿司匹林对胃黏膜的损伤。
众所周知, 阿司匹林会引起氧化应激, 导致胃肠道损伤, 使用低剂量的阿司匹林已成为胃溃疡的重要原因[13, 14]。研究表明, 每天服用75~300 mg阿司匹林可导致胃溃疡的风险增加了2~4倍[15]。此外, 尽管低剂量的阿司匹林引起的黏膜损伤通常是无症状的, 但这种损伤更可能导致老年人出现严重的并发症, 如出血或穿孔[16]。因此, 研究人员有必要了解与阿司匹林引起的胃黏膜损伤相关的分子发病机制, 以探索针对该疾病的新治疗策略。
阿司匹林诱发的胃黏膜损伤, 在中医上属于脾胃气虚证。根据中医理论, 脾胃气虚证的核心病理机制包括脾胃运化功能失调、气血生化不足等[17]。阿司匹林诱导的胃黏膜损伤不仅表现为胃黏膜的炎症和溃疡, 还可能通过抑制前列腺素合成、破坏胃黏膜屏障等机制, 进一步影响脾胃的运化功能[18]。这种病理变化与脾胃气虚证的理论基础具有一定的契合性, 尤其是在胃黏膜损伤后的修复过程中。作为一种替代疗法, 灸法对胃黏膜的损伤具有良好的治疗效果。艾灸能通过刺激皮部、络脉, 达到联系表里、贯通营卫、渗灌气血的功效[19]。据报道, 这种对特定穴位的热刺激可以降低氧化应激[20], 并改善动物模型中的免疫抑制状态[21, 22]。隔药饼灸由人参、白术、茯苓、甘草等配制成药饼, 足三里、中脘、脾俞、胃俞诸穴合用有益气健脾、和胃止痛之功。隔药饼灸能将艾灸、药物以及相应穴位的治疗作用结合起来, 其利用艾炷燃烧的热力, 加速血液循环, 药物发散走窜, 通过扩张的毛孔渗透入穴位, 出现迅速而强大的药理效应, 从而发挥药物和穴位治疗的多重作用, 产生艾灸生物效应, 达到调整经络、脏腑气血的功能[23]。Shi等[24]根据吴焕淦教授“灸补脾胃,调和阴阳”治疗溃疡性结肠炎的学术观点, 应用中脘、气海、足三里等穴, 进行隔药灸治疗溃疡性结肠炎, 取得了良好疗效。本研究通过构建隔药饼灸预处理大鼠模型, 探讨隔药饼灸预处理是否能激活Nrf2/ARE/HO-1信号通路减轻阿司匹林对胃黏膜的损伤。结果发现, 隔药饼灸预处理能激活Nrf2/ARE/HO-1信号通路, 增加抗氧化应激能力, 增强胃黏膜防御修复能力, 从而减轻阿司匹林对胃黏膜的损伤。这与中医理论中通过调理脾胃功能来促进疾病康复的理念相一致。
在生理条件下, 胃肠道本身会产生并释放出少量的氧自由基。上皮细胞中的还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸氧化酶和二氧化酶会产生超氧阴离子和过氧化氢[25]。同时, 人体的防御系统会清除自由基, 以防止自由基达到破坏组织的水平。MDA是脂质被这些自由基过氧化的最终产物, 它可导致蛋白质和核酸等大分子交联, 因此具有细胞毒性[26]。SOD是体内重要的抗氧化剂。如今, MDA和SOD被认为是反映自由基水平变化的良好指标。阿司匹林引起的胃黏膜损伤的机制很复杂, 其中一个重要的方面与氧自由基有关。已有研究报道, 在阿司匹林诱导的胃黏膜损伤模型中, SOD活性降低[27]。此外, 阿司匹林诱导的胃黏膜脂质过氧化作用增强[28]。在本实验中, 模型组MDA显著升高。与模型组相比, 预处理穴位组MDA显著降低。与预处理对照点组比较, 预处理穴位组MDA显著降低, 表明隔药饼灸预处理会减少胃黏膜损伤, 可能的机制是通过脂质过氧化的介导。MDA和SOD含量的变化表明, 隔药饼灸预处理后氧自由基在胃黏膜损伤增加中起重要作用。
Nrf2/ARE/HO-1通路在抗氧化应激中起着非常重要的作用。Nrf2是一种对氧化还原敏感的转录因子, 在调节一些细胞保护性和抗氧化基因的表达中起着重要的作用[29, 30], 这些基因可以抗氧化应激, 其中包括CAT、GST、NQO1和HO-1等[31]。氧化损伤后, Nrf2从Keap1-Nrf2复合体解离并转运至细胞核, 与ARE结合并增强了细胞对氧化应激的反应[32]。研究表明, 维生素C预处理失血性休克大鼠, 通过诱导HO-1的表达减轻其肠道黏膜的损伤[33]; 山茶油预处理大鼠通过诱导增加HO-1的表达对抗酮洛芬所致胃肠道黏膜氧化损伤[34]。而本研究通过隔药饼灸预处理后检测胃黏膜组织中Keap1、Nrf2、HO-1、CAT、GST、NQO1的水平发现, 隔药饼灸预处理显著降低Keap1的表达, 促进Nrf2从细胞质到细胞核的转运, 这表明Nrf2被激活。同时, 经隔药饼灸预处理的胃黏膜组织中HO-1、CAT、GST和NQO1的mRNA和蛋白水平上调, 这说明与Nrf2激活有关。总之, 这些结果表明隔药饼灸预处理激活Nrf2/ARE/HO-1信号通路。
本研究主要关注的是隔药饼灸预处理对阿司匹林诱导的胃黏膜损伤的保护作用及其潜在机制。阿司匹林作为一种常见的NSAIDs, 其引起的胃黏膜损伤是临床上常见的问题[35]。因此, 本研究主要围绕阿司匹林诱导的损伤模型展开, 以模拟临床实际情境。束缚应激诱导的胃溃疡主要通过激活交感神经和肾上腺素能系统, 导致胃黏膜血流和黏液分泌减少以及胃酸分泌增加, 从而引起胃黏膜损伤[36]。而阿司匹林诱导的胃溃疡则主要通过抑制前列腺素的合成, 破坏胃黏膜的保护机制, 同时增加胃酸分泌[37]。这两种溃疡的病理机制虽有部分重叠, 但存在显著差异。隔药饼灸作为一种传统中医治疗方法, 可能通过多种机制对胃黏膜起到保护作用[38, 39]。虽然本研究主要关注其对阿司匹林诱导的胃溃疡的保护效果, 但其潜在机制(如抗氧化、抗炎、促进黏膜修复) 可能对束缚应激诱导的胃溃疡也有一定的保护作用。然而, 这一假设需要进一步的实验验证。此外, 关于采用捆绑方式对大鼠进行饼灸可能会引起较强的应激反应, 这是本实验设计需要考虑的重要因素。然而, 捆绑是常用的固定方法之一, 能够确保实验操作的标准化和一致性[40, 41]。在实验过程中, 本研究严格控制捆绑时间, 并在操作完成后及时解除束缚, 以尽量减少对大鼠的应激影响。此外,本研究还通过监测大鼠的行为和生理指标(如心率、血压等) 来评估应激水平, 确保实验动物的福利。然而, 现有的研究未使用无应激的正常对照组。在已有研究中, 许多研究也采用了类似的实验设计, 主要关注药物或干预措施对特定损伤模型的保护作用, 而非同时设置无应激对照组。如有研究探讨了非禁食对浸水-束缚应激大鼠胃黏膜损伤的保护作用, 但并未设置无应激对照组[42]。这些研究的结论仍然具有重要科学价值, 并为临床应用提供了参考。在后续研究中, 本课题组将进一步完善实验设计, 包括设置无应激对照组, 尝试使用更低剂量的阿司匹林或采用其他更温和的固定方法, 以减少对实验动物的应激影响, 从而更全面地评估隔药饼灸预处理的保护作用及其机制。
本研究采用健脾益气名方四君子汤做成药饼, 以隔药饼灸预处理大鼠为受试对象, 并以非穴对照点为对照, 运用阿司匹林干预, 阐述隔药饼灸预处理激活Nrf2/ARE/HO-1信号通路, 减轻氧化应激, 从而减轻阿司匹林对胃黏膜损伤的机制。本研究为今后阿司匹林导致胃黏膜损伤的临床治疗提供了参考和依据。

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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-1242
  • 接收时间:2024-12-13
  • 首发时间:2026-09-20
  • 出版时间:2025-09-12
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-13
  • 修回日期:2025-05-19
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    1湖南中医药大学湘杏学院, 湖南 长沙 410208
    2湖南中医药大学第一附属医院, 湖南 长沙 410007

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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