Article(id=1308456123560911030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308455335962894804, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0454, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1745251200000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-22, revisedDate=1746633600000, revisedDateStr=2025-05-08, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789889849795, onlineDateStr=2026-09-20, pubDate=1749657600000, pubDateStr=2025-06-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789889849795, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789889849795, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789889849795, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1308455335962894804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2025', volume='60', issue='6', pageStart='1573', pageEnd='1964', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1749657600000', pubDateStr='2025-06-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789889662017, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789893590327, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1308471812564734358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308455335962894804, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1308471812564734359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308455335962894804, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1816, endPage=1827, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1308456123766431927, articleId=1308456123560911030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Scalamic enantiomers and racemates of minor lignanoid from an aqueous extract of the stems with hooks of Uncaria rhynchophylla, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

From an aqueous extract of the stems with hooks of Uncaria rhynchophylla, eight pairs of scalemic enantiomers of minor lignanoid (+)-/(-)-1 - (+)-/(-)-6、(+)-/(-)-9, and (+)-/(-)-10 as well as two pairs of racemic enantiomers (+)-/(-)-7 and (+)-/(-)-8 were isolated and chirally separated by column chromatographic techniques over macroporous adsorbent resin, MCI resin, Toyopearl HW-40, silica gel, and Sephadex LH-20, together with flash and chiral HPLC techniques. Their structures including the absolute configurations were determined by spectroscopic data analysis and theoretic calculations of electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Among them, chiral separation and absolute configurational determination of the optical active compounds (+)-/(-)-1 - (+)-/(-)-7 are reported for the first time, while the occurrence of scalemic enantiomers (+)-/(-)-9 and (+)-/(-)-10 in nature are discovered for the first time. Preliminary bioassay showed that (+)-8 and (-)-8 inhibited acetaminophen (APAP) induced HepG2 cell damage at a concentration of 10 μmol·L-1.

, authors=Jin-qiu REN, Fang-ting WEI, Xiao-qiang LEI, Qing-lan GUO*, Jian-gong SHI*, authorsList=Jin-qiu REN, Fang-ting WEI, Xiao-qiang LEI, Qing-lan GUO, Jian-gong SHI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qing-lan GUO, Jian-gong SHI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1308456134659039437, articleId=1308456123560911030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=钩藤水提取物中的微量木脂素类非等量对映异构体和消旋体, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

采用大孔树脂、MCI和HW 40系列等不同型号的树脂, 以及Sephadex LH-20及硅胶等柱色谱, 结合闪式色谱和手性柱HPLC技术, 从钩藤水煎提取物中分离、拆分得到8对微量木脂素类非等量对映体(+)-/(-)-1~(+)-/(-)-6、(+)-/(-)-9和(+)-/(-)-10, 以及两对外消旋对映体(+)-/(-)-7和(+)-/(-)-8。借助波谱数据分析和电子圆二色谱(ECD) 理论计算, 确定了所有对映体的结构和绝对构型。其中, (+)-/(-)-1~(+)-/(-)-7为首次拆分并确定绝对构型的光学活性化合物, (+)-/(-)-9和(+)-/(-)-10为首次在自然界中发现以非等量对映体形式存在。初步药理活性评价发现, (+)-8和(-)-8在10 μmol·L-1浓度下, 可以抑制对乙酰氨基酚(APAP) 引起的HepG2细胞损伤。

, authors=任金秋, 韦芳婷, 雷小强, 郭庆兰*, 石建功*, authorsList=任金秋, 韦芳婷, 雷小强, 郭庆兰, 石建功, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=郭庆兰, 石建功, authorNote=

作者贡献

石建功负责实验设计、数据分析, 以及稿件修改及定稿; 郭庆兰负责实验指导、数据分析及稿件的撰写和修改; 任金秋负责主要化学实验实施; 韦芳婷负责部分化学实验实施; 雷小强负责化学实验指导。

, correspAuthorsNote=
郭庆兰, Tel: 86-10-83154789, Fax: 86-10-63017757, E-mail:
石建功, Tel: 86-10-63025166, Fax: 86-10-63017757, E-mail:
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No.1234567*
26.93 d (2.1)6.68 s7.02 d (2.1)7.03 d (2.1)6.95 d (2.1)6.68 s6.48 s
56.78 d (8.4)6.85 d (8.4)6.85 d (8.4)6.78 d (8.4)6.82 s
66.82 dd (8.4, 2.1)6.68 s6.91 dd (8.4, 2.1)6.92 dd (8.4, 2.1)6.82 dd (8.4, 2.1)6.68 s
75.58 d (6.3)5.63 d (6.3)4.98 d (8.4)4.93 d (8.4)5.61 (6.3)5.59 d (6.3)7.56 s
83.54 ddd (6.3, 6.3, 5.6)3.57 ddd (7.0, 6.3, 6.3)4.09 ddd (7.7, 4.9, 2.8)4.14 ddd (7.7, 4.9, 2.8)3.56 ddd (6.3, 6.3, 5.6)3.55 ddd (7.0, 6.3, 5.6)
9a3.86 dd (11.2, 5.6)3.87 dd (11.2, 6.3)3.73 dd (12.6, 2.8)3.73 dd (12.6, 2.8)3.84 dd (11.2, 5.6)3.88 dd (11.2, 5.6)
9b3.83 dd (11.2, 6.3)3.83 dd (11.2, 7.0)3.49 dd (12.6, 4.9)3.49 dd (12.6, 4.9)3.82 dd (11.2, 6.3)3.83 dd (11.2, 7.0)
2ʹ7.96 d (2.1)7.63 d (1.4)7.64 d (2.1)7.57 d (2.1)7.63 brd (2.1)7.19 s6.44 d (2.1)
5ʹ6.87 d (8.4)6.97 d (8.4)7.02 d (8.4)6.63 d (8.4)
6ʹ7.93 dd (8.4, 2.1)7.58 d (1.4)7.56 dd (8.4, 2.1)7.58 dd (8.4, 2.1)7.56 dd (8.4, 2.1)7.16 s6.38 dd (8.4, 2.1)
7ʹ7.63 d (16.1)4.34 d (4.2)
8ʹ6.35 d (16.1)3.83 d (4.2)
3-OCH33.82 s3.82 s3.88 s3.88 s8.32 s3.82 s
5-OCH33.82 s3.82 s
5ʹ-OCH33.92 s3.89 s3.92 s
), ArticleFig(id=1308497514064609424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308456123560911030, language=CN, label=Tab.1, caption=

1H NMR spectroscopic data of 1-7. Data (δH) were measured in methanol-d4 (references: δHCD3OD = 3.310 for 1H) at 700 MHz for 1-7. Proton coupling constants (J) in Hz are given in parentheses. The assignments were based on 1H-1H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC experiments. * δH for -OEt in 7: 4.18 (2H, m, H-1″), 1.28 (3H, t, J = 7.0 Hz, H-2″), 4.04 (2H, m, H-1″'), 1.12 (3H, t, J = 7.0 Hz, H-2″')

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No.1234567*
26.93 d (2.1)6.68 s7.02 d (2.1)7.03 d (2.1)6.95 d (2.1)6.68 s6.48 s
56.78 d (8.4)6.85 d (8.4)6.85 d (8.4)6.78 d (8.4)6.82 s
66.82 dd (8.4, 2.1)6.68 s6.91 dd (8.4, 2.1)6.92 dd (8.4, 2.1)6.82 dd (8.4, 2.1)6.68 s
75.58 d (6.3)5.63 d (6.3)4.98 d (8.4)4.93 d (8.4)5.61 (6.3)5.59 d (6.3)7.56 s
83.54 ddd (6.3, 6.3, 5.6)3.57 ddd (7.0, 6.3, 6.3)4.09 ddd (7.7, 4.9, 2.8)4.14 ddd (7.7, 4.9, 2.8)3.56 ddd (6.3, 6.3, 5.6)3.55 ddd (7.0, 6.3, 5.6)
9a3.86 dd (11.2, 5.6)3.87 dd (11.2, 6.3)3.73 dd (12.6, 2.8)3.73 dd (12.6, 2.8)3.84 dd (11.2, 5.6)3.88 dd (11.2, 5.6)
9b3.83 dd (11.2, 6.3)3.83 dd (11.2, 7.0)3.49 dd (12.6, 4.9)3.49 dd (12.6, 4.9)3.82 dd (11.2, 6.3)3.83 dd (11.2, 7.0)
2ʹ7.96 d (2.1)7.63 d (1.4)7.64 d (2.1)7.57 d (2.1)7.63 brd (2.1)7.19 s6.44 d (2.1)
5ʹ6.87 d (8.4)6.97 d (8.4)7.02 d (8.4)6.63 d (8.4)
6ʹ7.93 dd (8.4, 2.1)7.58 d (1.4)7.56 dd (8.4, 2.1)7.58 dd (8.4, 2.1)7.56 dd (8.4, 2.1)7.16 s6.38 dd (8.4, 2.1)
7ʹ7.63 d (16.1)4.34 d (4.2)
8ʹ6.35 d (16.1)3.83 d (4.2)
3-OCH33.82 s3.82 s3.88 s3.88 s8.32 s3.82 s
5-OCH33.82 s3.82 s
5ʹ-OCH33.92 s3.89 s3.92 s
), ArticleFig(id=1308497514156884113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308456123560911030, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No.123/4567*
1134.2133.2128.9133.9133.4124.9
2110.5104.2112.1110.6104.2117.0
3149.2149.4149.3149.1149.4149.1
4147.7136.7148.5147.8136.6145.6
5116.2149.4116.3116.2149.4117.0
6119.7104.2121.7119.8104.2131.3
789.790.378.290.290.0139.5
854.254.779.954.655.0123.3
964.764.662.064.664.6168.7
1ʹ124.4125.2125.0125.1129.9135.6
2ʹ128.1120.8119.8120.8119.0115.9
3ʹ129.7130.3144.7130.4130.9145.1
4ʹ165.4153.9149.7153.9151.9146.1
5ʹ109.9145.3117.9145.2145.9116.2
6ʹ133.0115.3124.5115.2113.7120.1
7ʹ170.0169.8169.6169.8146.847.3
8ʹ116.549.5
9ʹ170.9174.8
3-OCH356.456.856.556.456.8
5-OCH356.856.8
5ʹ-OCH356.756.756.8
), ArticleFig(id=1308497514236575890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308456123560911030, language=CN, label=Tab.2, caption=

13C NMR spectroscopic data of 1-7. Data (δC) were measured in methanol-d4 (reference: δCD3OD = 49.000 for 13C) at 175 MHz for 1-7. Proton coupling constants (J) in Hz are given in parentheses. The assignments were based on HSQC, and HMBC experiments. * δC for -OEt of 7: 62.1 (C-1″'), 14.4 (C-2″'), 61.8 (C-1″), 14.6 (C-2″)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No.123/4567*
1134.2133.2128.9133.9133.4124.9
2110.5104.2112.1110.6104.2117.0
3149.2149.4149.3149.1149.4149.1
4147.7136.7148.5147.8136.6145.6
5116.2149.4116.3116.2149.4117.0
6119.7104.2121.7119.8104.2131.3
789.790.378.290.290.0139.5
854.254.779.954.655.0123.3
964.764.662.064.664.6168.7
1ʹ124.4125.2125.0125.1129.9135.6
2ʹ128.1120.8119.8120.8119.0115.9
3ʹ129.7130.3144.7130.4130.9145.1
4ʹ165.4153.9149.7153.9151.9146.1
5ʹ109.9145.3117.9145.2145.9116.2
6ʹ133.0115.3124.5115.2113.7120.1
7ʹ170.0169.8169.6169.8146.847.3
8ʹ116.549.5
9ʹ170.9174.8
3-OCH356.456.856.556.456.8
5-OCH356.856.8
5ʹ-OCH356.756.756.8
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钩藤水提取物中的微量木脂素类非等量对映异构体和消旋体
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任金秋 , 韦芳婷 , 雷小强 , 郭庆兰 * , 石建功 *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2025,60(6): 1816-1827
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药学学报 |研究论文 2025 , 60 (6) : 1816 -1827
钩藤水提取物中的微量木脂素类非等量对映异构体和消旋体
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任金秋, 韦芳婷, 雷小强, 郭庆兰* , 石建功*
作者信息
  • 中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100050
通讯作者:
郭庆兰, Tel: 86-10-83154789, Fax: 86-10-63017757, E-mail:
石建功, Tel: 86-10-63025166, Fax: 86-10-63017757, E-mail:
作者简介:

作者贡献

石建功负责实验设计、数据分析, 以及稿件修改及定稿; 郭庆兰负责实验指导、数据分析及稿件的撰写和修改; 任金秋负责主要化学实验实施; 韦芳婷负责部分化学实验实施; 雷小强负责化学实验指导。

Scalamic enantiomers and racemates of minor lignanoid from an aqueous extract of the stems with hooks of Uncaria rhynchophylla
Jin-qiu REN, Fang-ting WEI, Xiao-qiang LEI, Qing-lan GUO* , Jian-gong SHI*
Affiliations
  • Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
出版时间: 2025-06-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0454
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采用大孔树脂、MCI和HW 40系列等不同型号的树脂, 以及Sephadex LH-20及硅胶等柱色谱, 结合闪式色谱和手性柱HPLC技术, 从钩藤水煎提取物中分离、拆分得到8对微量木脂素类非等量对映体(+)-/(-)-1~(+)-/(-)-6、(+)-/(-)-9和(+)-/(-)-10, 以及两对外消旋对映体(+)-/(-)-7和(+)-/(-)-8。借助波谱数据分析和电子圆二色谱(ECD) 理论计算, 确定了所有对映体的结构和绝对构型。其中, (+)-/(-)-1~(+)-/(-)-7为首次拆分并确定绝对构型的光学活性化合物, (+)-/(-)-9和(+)-/(-)-10为首次在自然界中发现以非等量对映体形式存在。初步药理活性评价发现, (+)-8和(-)-8在10 μmol·L-1浓度下, 可以抑制对乙酰氨基酚(APAP) 引起的HepG2细胞损伤。

茜草科  /  钩藤属  /  钩藤  /  水提取物  /  木脂素  /  对映体手性拆分  /  绝对构型确定  /  APAP引起的HepG2细胞损伤保护

From an aqueous extract of the stems with hooks of Uncaria rhynchophylla, eight pairs of scalemic enantiomers of minor lignanoid (+)-/(-)-1 - (+)-/(-)-6、(+)-/(-)-9, and (+)-/(-)-10 as well as two pairs of racemic enantiomers (+)-/(-)-7 and (+)-/(-)-8 were isolated and chirally separated by column chromatographic techniques over macroporous adsorbent resin, MCI resin, Toyopearl HW-40, silica gel, and Sephadex LH-20, together with flash and chiral HPLC techniques. Their structures including the absolute configurations were determined by spectroscopic data analysis and theoretic calculations of electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Among them, chiral separation and absolute configurational determination of the optical active compounds (+)-/(-)-1 - (+)-/(-)-7 are reported for the first time, while the occurrence of scalemic enantiomers (+)-/(-)-9 and (+)-/(-)-10 in nature are discovered for the first time. Preliminary bioassay showed that (+)-8 and (-)-8 inhibited acetaminophen (APAP) induced HepG2 cell damage at a concentration of 10 μmol·L-1.

Rubiaceae  /  Uncaria  /  Uncaria rhynchophylla  /  aqueous extract  /  lignanoid  /  chiral separation of enantiomers  /  determination of absolute configurations  /  APAP induced HepG2 cell damage inhibition
任金秋, 韦芳婷, 雷小强, 郭庆兰, 石建功. 钩藤水提取物中的微量木脂素类非等量对映异构体和消旋体. 药学学报, 2025 , 60 (6) : 1816 -1827 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0454
Jin-qiu REN, Fang-ting WEI, Xiao-qiang LEI, Qing-lan GUO, Jian-gong SHI. Scalamic enantiomers and racemates of minor lignanoid from an aqueous extract of the stems with hooks of Uncaria rhynchophylla[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2025 , 60 (6) : 1816 -1827 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0454
茜草科(Rubiaceae) 钩藤属植物钩藤Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq.) Miq ex Havil的干燥带钩茎枝是常用中药钩藤, 具有息风定惊、清热平肝等功效[1], 多用于治疗高血压、癫痫、中枢神经系统及心血管疾病等[1, 2]。药理学和化学研究显示, 钩藤提取物中主要化学成分及活性成分包括生物碱、黄酮和三萜等[3-8], 但大多数成分是从醇提取物中分离得到。由于醇提取与钩藤以水煎煮为主的用药方式不同, 因此作为对若干常用中药材化学成分及其药理活性多样性系统研究的内容之一[9-13], 作者课题组聚焦微量成分的分离和结构鉴定, 系统开展了钩藤水煎煮提取物的研究, 为较全面地揭示钩藤临床用水煎液中的化学成分及其后续药理活性的深入研究奠定基础。前文[14-21]已报道了37个生物碱[14, 16, 21]、2个叶酸衍生物[15]、47个三萜类化合物[17, 20]、5个紫罗兰酮衍生物[18]和7个单萜衍生物[19], 以及部分化合物的初步药理活性筛选结果。本文继续报道同一提取物中的10对木脂素类化合物对映异构体的分离、手性拆分、绝对构型确定和初步药理活性, 包括8对非等量对映异构体[(+)-/(-)-1~(+)-/(-)-6、(+)-/(-)-9和(+)-/(-)-10], 以及两对外消旋体[(+)-/(-)-7和(+)-/(-)-8] (图1), 均为通过手性拆分获得的光学活性化合物。
非等量对映异构体混合物1为白色无定型粉末, 红外光谱显示其分子结构中存在羟基(3 364 cm-1)、共轭羰基(1 683 cm-1) 和苯环(1 609和1 519 cm-1)。根据(-)-HR-ESI-MS m/z 315.087 1 [M-H]- (C17H15O6, 计算值315.087 4) 和NMR谱数据(表1、2) 确定其分子式为C17H16O6, 不饱和度为10。在甲醇-d4中, 该化合物的 1H NMR谱显示其结构中存在两个间-对-位双取代的苯环[δH 7.96 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz, H-2’), 7.93 (1H, dd, J = 8.4, 2.1 Hz, H-6’), 6.93 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz, H-2), 6.87 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz, H-5’), 6.82 (1H, dd, J = 8.4, 2.1 Hz, H-6), 6.78 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz, H-5)], 1个取代在芳环上的甲氧基[δH 3.82 (3H, s, 3-OCH3)], 两个sp3杂化次甲基[δH 5.58 (1H, d, J = 6.3 Hz, H-7) 和3.54 (1H, ddd, J = 6.3, 6.3, 5.6 Hz, H-7)], 以及1个sp3杂化亚甲基[δH 3.86 (1H, dd, J = 11.2, 5.6 Hz, H-9a) 和3.83 (1H, dd, J = 11.2, 6.3 Hz, H-9b)]。该化合物的13C NMR和DEPT给出与以上结构单元完全对应的碳共振信号, 包括1个共轭羧羰基碳[δC (170.0, C-7’)] 信号。根据以上数据初步推断1为一个降碳的木脂素类化合物。
在利用HSQC实验图谱分析准确归属NMR谱中氢和碳共振信号的基础上, 根据1H-1H COSY谱中H-2/H-6/H-5、H-2’/H-6’/H-5’和H2-9/H-8/H-7的交叉峰, 确定了化合物1分子中氢之间存在相互偶合的结构片段(图2)。在HMBC谱中, H-2与C-4、C-6和C-7, H-5与C-1, H-6与C-2、C-4和C-7, H-7与C-2、C-6和C-9, H-8与C-1、C-7和C-9, H2-9与C-7和C-8, 以及3-OCH3与C-3的异核远程相关信号(图2), 结合这些氢和碳的化学位移, 推断出3-甲氧基-4, 7, 9-三氧-8-取代的苯丙基单元。同时, 通过H-2’与C-4’、C-6’和C-7’, H-5’与C-1’和C-3’, 以及H-6’与C-2’、C-4’和C-7’的HMBC信号, 结合它们的化学位移, 推断出4’-氧-3’-取代的苯甲酸单元。另外, 根据H-7和H-8与C-3’和C-4’, H2-9与C-3’, 以及H-2’与C-8的HMBC信号, 确定2个单元之间通过C-7-O-C-4’和C-8-C-3’连接。因此, 化合物1的平面结构确定为3, 5’-二甲氧基-4, 9-二羟基-8’, 9’-二降碳-4’, 7-环氧-8, 3-新木脂烷-7’-羧酸。
通过NOESY谱中H-7与H2-9的NOE相关信号(图3), 以及C-8的化学位移值δC 54.2[22], 确证H-7与H-8为反式取向。由于1的比旋光值较小, 因此对其进行了手性柱HPLC分析, 结果显示积分面积接近5:4的两个色谱峰, 进一步经手性色谱柱HPLC拆分得到(+)-1 {[α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ = +153.9 (c 0.01, CH3OH)} 和(-)-1 {[α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $-154.6 (c 0.01, CH3OH)}, 二者的1H NMR谱数据相同但CD谱曲线呈镜像关系, 确证为对映体。在(+)-1的CD谱中, 1Lb吸收带(λmax 260 nm) 的Cotton效应为正(Δε = +5.21), 根据2-芳基取代的[2, 3]-二氢苯并呋喃发色团1Lb吸收带的反螺旋规则[23], 确定其具有7S, 8R构型; 同理, 确定(-)-1的构型为7R, 8S。同时, 在(+)-1和(-)-1的CD谱中, 1La吸收带(λmax 223.5 ± 0.5 nm) 的Cotton效应分别为负(Δε = -2.27) 和正(Δε = +3.06), 应用芳香环的象限规则[24], 也支持以上绝对构型的确定。此外, 通过实测CD和计算ECD的比较, 也支持(+)-1和(-)-1的绝对构型分别为7S, 8R和7R, 8S (图4)。因此, (+)-1和(-)-1的结构分别确定为(+)-(7S, 8R)-和(-)-(7R, 8S)-3, 5’-二甲氧基-4, 9-二羟基-8’, 9’-二降碳-4’, 7-环氧-8, 3-新木脂烷-7’-羧酸, 并命名为(+)-(7S, 8R)-和(-)-(7R, 8S)-钩藤降新木脂酸A [(+)-(7S, 8R)-/(-)-(7R, 8S)-uncarnorneolignic acid A]。
非等量对映异构体混合物2为白色无定形粉末, 通过(+)-HR-ESI-MS m/z 377.122 4 [M+H]+ (C19H21O8, 计算值377.123 1) 和NMR谱数据(表1、2) 分析, 确定其分子组成为C19H20O8。比较2和1的NMR数据显示, 二者的结构差异在于2中的3, 5-二甲氧基-4-羟基苯基单元取代了1中的3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯基单元。同时, 2的NMR数据与文献[25]报道5′-甲氧基肥牛木素在相同溶剂中的相应数据一致, 并通过2D NMR数据分析确证2与文献报道化合物拥有相同的平面结构和相对构型(图2、3)。2经手性柱HPLC分析显示面积比接近3:2的两个色谱峰, 通过手性色谱柱HPLC拆分得到化合物(+)-2 {[α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ = +23.1 (c 0.02, CH3OH)} 和(-)-2 {[α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ = -23.1 (c 0.01, CH3OH)}, 二者的1H NMR谱数据相同、CD曲线呈镜像关系, 且(+)-2的Cotton效应与文献报道5′-甲氧基肥牛木素的一致。因此确定(+)-2的绝对构型与文献[25]报道5′-甲氧基肥牛木素相同的7S, 8R构型; 相应地, (-)-2的绝对构型确定为7R, 8S, 并经实测CD与计算ECD比较的方法进行了进一步确证(图5)。因此, 化合物(+)-和(-)-2的结构分别确定为(+)-(7S, 8R)-和(-)-(7R, 8S)-5-甲氧基肥牛木素[(+)-(7S, 8R)-和(-)-(7R, 8S)-5-methoxyceplignan]。然而, 需要指出, 尽管文献[25]中通过CD谱中220 nm处的Cotton效应确定了5′-甲氧基肥牛木素的绝对构型为7S, 8R, 但是未报道该化合物的比旋光[α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $数值, 其手性特征与旋光性的关系无法对应。另外, 文献[25]中显示的分子结构标识的原子编号, 与IUPAC建议新木脂素的命名规则不一致[26], 故根据相关规则, 在命名中已将5′-甲氧基肥牛木素(5′-methoxyceplignan) 修改为5-甲氧基肥牛木素(5-methoxyceplignan)。
混合物3和4为常规非手性HPLC难以分离的棕色无定形粉末, [α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ +10.0 (c 0.01, CH3OH)。根据(-)-HR-ESI-MS m/z 331.082 1 [M-H]- (C17H15O7, 计算值331.082 3) 和NMR谱数据(表1、2), 确定它们的分子组成均为C17H16O7。在甲醇-d4中, 3和4的1H NMR谱显示化学位移差异小、部分可分辨且强度比约为3∶1的两组共振信号峰; 然而, 13C NMR谱只显示一组共振信号峰。进一步经2D NMR数据分析(图2、3), 可以确定混合物中占比高的3拥有平面结构4, 9-二羟基-3-甲氧基-8′, 9′-二降碳-4′, 7-环氧-8, 3′-氧新木脂烷-7’-羧酸。根据这些信息, 推测该混合物是难以分离且13C NMR信号重叠的非对映异构体混合物, 并对其进行了手性HPLC分析, 结果显示出强度不同的4个色谱峰。随即利用手性HPLC分离拆分得到(-)-3 {[α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ = -33.3 (c 0.01, CH3OH)}、(+)-3 {[α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ = +33.3 (c 0.01, CH3OH)}、(+)-4 {[α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ = +6.7 (c 0.01, CH3OH)} 和(-)-4 {[α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ = -6.7 (c 0.01, CH3OH)}。其中, (-)-3和(+)-3的1H NMR谱数据完全相同但CD曲线呈镜像关系, 而(+)-4和(-)-4的1H NMR谱数据完全一致但CD曲线相反。由此确定(+)-3/(-)-3 (HPLC色谱峰面积积分比为3∶4) 和(+)-4/(-)-4 (HPLC色谱峰面积积分比为3∶4) 为两组对映体异构体; 尤其是, (+)-4的1H NMR谱数据和比旋光值与文献[27]报道(+)-(7R, 8R)-4, 9-二羟基-3-甲氧基-8′, 9′-二降碳-4′, 7-环氧-8, 3′-氧新木脂烷-7’-羧酸的相应数据完全一致(差异在实验误差范围内)。因此, 确定(+)-4和(-)-4的结构分别为(+)-(7R, 8R)-和(-)-(7S, 8S)-8′, 9′-二降碳-4, 9-二羟基-3-甲氧基-4′, 7-环氧-8, 3′-氧新木脂烷-7’-羧酸, 并得到实测CD谱与计算ECD谱一致性的支持(图6)。
与(+)-4/(-)-4的1H NMR谱数据比较, 在拆分后的主要对映体(-)-3/(+)-3中, H-2′的共振信号相对向低场位移约ΔδH +0.08, 相反H-5′共振信号相对向高场位移约ΔδH -0.06, 且与拆分前混合物1H NMR谱中可分辨的数据能够完全对应。由此确证(-)-3/(+)-3是(+)-4/(-)-4的非对映异构体。在(-)-3和(+)-3的CD谱中, 均呈现出典型的源于两个苯环发色团π-π*跃迁的激子偶合Cotton效应, 且(-)-3在264 (Δε -0.43) 和240 (Δε +0.55) nm处分别呈现负的和正的Cotton效应, 应用激子偶合规则[23], 两个发色团的偶极距之间应为逆时针排列, 指定其绝对构型为7S, 8R; 相应地, 确定其对映体(+)-3的构型为7R, 8S。该推论也得到实测CD与计算ECD谱一致性的支持(图7)。因此, 化合物(+)-3、(-)-3、(+)-4和(-)-4的结构依次确定为(+)-(7R, 8S)-、(-)-(7S, 8R)-、(+)-(7R, 8R)-和(-)-(7S, 8S)-4, 9-二羟基-3-甲氧基-8′, 9′-二降碳-4′, 7-环氧-8, 3′-氧新木脂烷-7’-羧酸, 分别命名为(+)-(7R, 8S)-、(-)-(7S, 8R)-、(+)-(7R, 8R)-和(-)-(7S, 8S)-钩藤降氧新木脂酸A (uncarnoroxyneolignic acid A)。
需要指出, 根据IUPC关于木脂素和新木脂素的命名规则[26], 在以上描述中, 对文献[27]报道化合物(+)-4的命名(+)-(7R, 8R)-3-甲氧基-1′-羧基-4′, 7-环氧-8, 3′-氧新木脂烷-4, 9-二醇[(+)-(7R, 8R)-3-methoxy-1′-carboxy-4′, 7-epoxy-8, 3′-oxyneolignan-4, 9-diol] 修改为(+)-(7R, 8R)-4, 9-二羟基-3-甲氧基-8′, 9′-二降碳-4′, 7-环氧-8, 3′-氧新木脂烷-7’-羧酸[(+)-(7R, 8R)-4, 9-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-8′, 9′-dinor-4′, 7-epoxy-8, 3′-oxyneolignan-7’-oic acid]。
非等量对映异构体混合物5为白色无定形粉末, [α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ +8.7 (c 0.25, CH3OH)。通过(+)-HR-ESI-MS和NMR谱数据(表1、2) 分析, 确定其分子组成为C18H18O7。在甲醇-d4中, 5的NMR谱数据与肥牛木素(ceplignan, 未报道光学活性和构型)[28]在相同溶剂中的相应数据一致, 并通过2D NMR数据分析(图2、3) 确证5拥有与肥牛木素相同的平面结构和相对构型。5经手性色谱柱HPLC分析和拆分得到色谱峰面积比接近1.2∶1的化合物(+)-5 {[α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ = +43.3 (c 0.10, CH3OH)}和(-)-5 {[α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ = -43.1 (c 0.06, CH3OH)}, 二者的1H NMR数据相同但CD谱曲线呈镜像关系, 证明(+)-5和(-)-5是对映异构体。根据CD谱中1Lb吸收带(λmax 260~300 nm) Cotton效应的反螺旋规则[23]以及1La吸收带(λmax 220~240 nm) 的象限规则[24], 确定(+)-5和(-)-5的绝对构型分别为7S, 8R和7R, 8S, 并得到实测CD和计算ECD一致的支持(图8)。因此, 化合物(+)-5和(-)-5的结构分别确定为(+)-(7S, 8R)-和(-)-(7R, 8S)-肥牛木素[(+)-(7S, 8R)-和(-)-(7R, 8S)-ceplignan]。需要强调, 尽管文献[29]从石菖蒲中分离并报道了(+)-(2S, 3R)-/(-)-(2R, 3S)-肥牛木素[(+)-(2S, 3R)-/(-)-(2R, 3S)-ceplignan], 但是在相关结构鉴定中, 描述二者为差向异构体, 且引用的比旋光值差异较大。进一步查阅文献[29]的支撑资料显示, 两个构型异构体的CD谱差异显著, 波长小于250 nm的Cotton效应曲线的趋势相同, 二者的NMR谱存在明显差异, 实验过程未显示用手性柱HPLC分离。这些均与(+)-/(-)-5的情况不同。因此, 文献[29]报道(+)-(2S, 3R)-和(-)-(2R, 3S)-肥牛木素[(+)-(2S, 3R)-/(-)-(2R, 3S)-ceplignan] 的构型确定存疑。
非等量对映异构体混合物6为白色无定形粉末, 通过(+)-HR-ESI-MS和NMR谱数据(表1、2) 分析, 确定其分子组成为C21H22O8。在甲醇-d4中, 6的NMR谱数据与从江南卷柏中分离报道的(7R*, 7′E, 8S*)-4, 9-二羟基-3, 5, 5′-三甲氧基-4′, 7-环氧-8, 5′-新木脂烷-7′-烯-9′-羧酸[rel-(7R, 7′E, 8S)-4, 9-dihydroxy-3, 3′, 5-trimethoxy-4′, 7-epoxy-8, 5′-neolign-7′-en-9′-oic acid][22]的相应数据一致, 表明6与文献报道化合物拥有相同的平面结构和相对构型, 并通过6的2D NMR数据分析进行了确证(图2、3)。6经手性色谱柱HPLC分析和拆分得到色谱峰面积比接近2∶3的化合物(+)-6 {[α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ = +136.4 (c 0.01, CH3OH)} 和(-)-6 {[α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ = -133.3 (c 0.01, CH3OH)}, 它们的1H NMR数据一致但CD谱曲线呈镜像关系, 确证(+)-6和(-)-6是对映异构体。进一步地, 根据(+)-6和(-)-6的CD谱中1Lb吸收带(λmax 260~300 nm) Cotton效应的反螺旋规则[23]以及1La吸收带(λmax 220~240 nm) 的象限规则[24], 确定(+)-6和(-)-6的绝对构型分别为7S, 8R和7R, 8S, 并得到实测CD和计算ECD一致的支持(图9)。因此, 化合物(+)-6和(-)-6的结构分别确定为(+)-(7S, 8R)-和(-)-(7R, 8S)-4, 9-二羟基-3, 5, 5′-三甲氧基-7, 4’-环氧-8, 3′-新木脂素-7′-烯-9′-酸[(+)-(7S, 8R)-/(-)-(7R, 8S)-4, 9-dihydroxy-3, 5, 5′-trimethoxy-7, 4’-epoxy-8, 3′-neolign-7′-en-9′-oic acid], 命名为(-)-(7R, 8S)-和(+)-(7S, 8R)-钩藤新木脂酸A [(-)-(7R, 8S)-/(+)-(7S, 8R)-uncarneolignic acid A)。需要指出, 根据IUPAC关于木脂素和新木脂素的命名规则[26], 在(+)-/(-)-6的系统命名中, 对文献[22]报道相关化合物的原子编号和命名进行了修正。
外消旋体7为白色无定形粉末; (+)-HR-ESI-MS m/z 415.137 6 [M+H]+ (C22H23O8, 计算值415.138 7) 和NMR谱数据分析(表1、2), 确定其分子组成为C22H22O8。在甲醇-d4中, 7的NMR谱数据与文献报道(7′S, 8′R)-4, 5, 3′, 4′-四羟基-2, 7′-环木脂烷-7-烯-9, 9′-二羧酸二乙醇酯[30]和二乙基1-(3, 4-二羟基苯基)-6, 7-二羟基-1, 2-二氢萘-2, 3-二羧酸酯[31]的相应数据一致, 差别可归属于溶剂效应。由此推定7与文献报道化合物具有相同的平面结构和相对构型, 并进一步通过2D NMR实验数据分析进行了确证(图2、3)。特别是, 在7的NOESY谱中, H-8’与H-2’和H-6’之间的交叉峰确证H-7’与H-8’具有反式取向。由于7的比旋光值接近零, 与(7′S, 8′R)-4, 5, 3′, 4′-四羟基-2, 7′-环木脂烷-7-烯-9, 9′-二羧酸二乙醇酯的比旋光值{[α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $-82.3 (c 0.10, CH3OH)}[30]之间存在很大差异, 推测7为外消旋体混合物, 并进一步用手性正相半制备HPLC进行了分析确认。随后, 经制备拆分获得色谱峰面积积分比接近1∶1的化合物(+)-7 {[α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ = +120.1 (c 0.09, CH3OH)} 和(-)-7 {[α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ = -120.0 (c 0.06, CH3OH)}, 它们的1H NMR数据一致, CD谱曲线呈镜像关系, 证明(+)-7和(-)-7是对映异构体。同时, (+)-7和(-)-7的CD谱显示典型的源于两个苯环发色团π-π*跃迁的激子偶合Cotton效应, 应用激子偶合规则[23], 指定其绝对构型分别为7’S, 8’R和7’R, 8’S, 并得到计算ECD的支持(图10)。因此, (+)-7和(-)-7的结构确定为(+)-(7’S, 8’R)-和(-)-(7’R, 8’S)-4, 5, 3′, 4′-四羟基-2, 7′-环木脂烷-7-烯-9, 9′-二羧酸二乙醇酯, 命名为(+)-(7’S, 8’R)-和(-)-(7’R, 8’S)-钩藤环木脂酸A二乙酯[(+)-(7’S, 8’R)-/(-)-(7’R, 8’S)-uncarcycolignic acid diethyl ester]。需要指出, 文献[30]报道的(7′S, 8′R)-4, 5, 3′, 4′-四羟基-2, 7′-环木脂烷-7-烯-9, 9′-二羧酸二乙醇酯[(7′S, 8′R)-4, 5, 3′, 4′-tetrahydroxy-2, 7′-cyclolign-7-ene-9, 9′-dioic acid diethyl ester] 与(+)-7的绝对构型相同, 但比旋光值符号相反, 仔细查阅文献[30]的支撑材料显示, 相关化合物的CD谱图与(+)-7和(-)-7的差异显著, NMR谱图显示样品中含有杂质, 故文献报道化合物构型确定的可靠性存疑。
通过[α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $、CD、HR-ESI-MS和NMR谱数据分析, 并与文献报道化合物的数据比较, 确证其他3对已知对映体分别为(+)-(7S, 8R)-和(-)-(7R, 8S)-当归木脂素[(+)-/(-)-angelignanine M[32], (+)-/(-)-8]、(+)-(7'S, 8R, 8'R)-和(-)-(7'R, 8S, 8'S)-异落叶松脂醇[(+)-(7'S, 8R, 8'R)-/(-)-(7'R, 8S, 8'S)-isolariciresinol[11, 33], (+)-/(-)-9], 以及(+)-(8S, 8'S)-和(-)-(8R, 8'R)-开环异落叶松脂醇[(+)-(8S, 8'S)-/(-)-(8R, 8'R)-secoisolariciresinol[34], (+)-/(-)-10]。
对部分化合物在抑制APAP引起HepG2细胞损伤、抑制RAW264.7细胞分泌IL-6炎症因子、抗流感病毒A/汉防/359/95 (H3N2) 及柯萨奇病毒B3型(CVB3)、抑制A549、H460和MC38肿瘤细胞增殖, 以及抑制Fe2+-半胱氨酸诱导的肝微粒体脂质过氧化等体外模型上进行了初步筛选, 仅发现(+)-8和(-)-8在10 μmol·L-1浓度下, 可以抑制APAP引起的HepG2细胞损伤, 细胞存活率从57.60%分别提高至69.06%和76.29% (阳性药: 双环醇, 细胞存活率提高至65.87%)。
总之, 在前期研究基础上, 作者从钩藤水提取物中通过进一步分离和手性拆分得到并鉴定了10对木脂素类对映体, 除两对以对映体等量的外消旋体存在外, 其他均为以不同比例存在的非等量对映体。这一现象足以说明在钩藤中相关木脂素的生物合成或代谢过程潜在对映体部分调控的独特选择性, 这种选择性的生物控制机制及其生物学意义值得探究。另外, 光学活性或手性作为天然产物的普遍特性, 不但具有十分重要的生物学和药学价值, 而且是后续深入研究的基础。同时, 有关木脂素类化合物的命名IUPAC已有明确的建议和规定[26], 相关结构命名的规范性是避免引起同名异物和同物异名等的关键。因此, 本文重点指出了部分文献中出现的相关木脂素类化合物的构型确定和规范命名问题, 力求为后续研究提供参考。另外, 以往关于钩藤化学成分的研究, 多集中于生物碱类, 木脂素类化合物报道较少[35, 36], 本研究发现木脂素类也是钩藤水提物的重要组成部分; 尽管本研究初步筛选仅发现(+)-8和(-)-8对APAP致HepG2细胞损伤有一定保护活性, 但不能排除它们在其他模型或体内的潜在作用。特别是, 这些木脂素多数以酸的形式存在, 它们与钩藤中生物碱类成分之间的相互作用, 及其对生物体电解质平衡和功能等的潜在影响, 值得探究。这或许是单一化合物与提取物或混合物功效作用不同的重要原因之一。
AUTOPOL V型旋光测定仪(美国Rudolph公司), Nicolet impact 5700型傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(美国Thermo Electron Corporation公司), JASCO V-650型紫外光谱仪、JASCO J-815型CD测定仪(日本JASCO公司), Bruker 700型核磁共振仪(德国Bruker公司), 设定温度297 K; 其中, 1H NMR以氘代甲醇δH 3.310, 13C NMR以氘代甲醇δC 49.00为参照, Q Exactive Focus型质谱仪(美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司), SEP LC-52型高效液相色谱仪配备有MWDUV紫外检测器(赛普锐思北京科技有限公司)。Sephadex LH-20 (瑞典Amersham Pharmacia公司), Toyopearl HW-40S凝胶树脂(日本TOSOH公司), HP-20型大孔吸附树脂、CHP 20P型MCI树脂(日本Mitsubishi Chemical公司), MGII C18和PFP半制备色谱柱以及CD-Ph手性半制备色谱柱(日本大阪曹達株式会社), XSelect C18半制备色谱柱(美国Waters公司), AD-H和IG手性半制备色谱柱(日本大赛璐化学工业株式会社), 柱色谱硅胶(200~300目) 及薄层色谱用硅胶GF254 (青岛海洋化工厂生产)。所有试剂若无特别说明, 均购自北京化工厂, 级别为分析纯或色谱纯。
钩藤(带钩茎枝) 购于河北安国药材市场, 于2016年8月从中国湖南省衡东县采集, 由中国医学科学院药物研究所马林副研究员鉴定为钩藤Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq.) Jacks., 生药样品标本现存于中国医学科学院药物研究所药用植物标本室, 标本号为No. ID-S-2753。
提取和初步分离过程见前文[20]。B3组分(223 g) 经Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱, 丙酮-水(1∶1) 为流动相, 分离获得组分B3-1~B3-15。其中, B3-12 (7.0 g) 经正相Flash分离, 二氯甲烷-甲醇(0%~100%, v/v) 梯度洗脱, 得到B3-12-1~B3-12-31。B3-12-3 (391 mg) 经Toyopearl HW-40S凝胶柱色谱(二氯甲烷-甲醇, 1∶1, v/v), 得到B3-12-3-1~B3-12-3-9, 其中B3-12-3-4 (110 mg) 经反相半制备HPLC (MGII C18色谱柱, 56%甲醇, 3.0 mL·min-1) 分离得到B3-12-3-4-1~B3-12-3-4-3。B3-12-3-4-3 (24.8 mg) 经反相半制备HPLC (PFP色谱柱, 50%甲醇, 3.0 mL·min-1) 分离, 得到化合物10 (tR = 31.0 min, 0.2 mg), 并用手性正相半制备HPLC (IG手性色谱柱, 正己烷-乙醇2∶1, 3.0 mL·min-1) 拆分, 获得(+)-10 (tR = 7.1 min, 0.06 mg) 和(-)-10 (tR = 8.2 min, 0.14 mg)。B3-12-3-5 (120.1 mg) 经反相半制备HPLC (MGII C18色谱柱, 61%甲醇, 3.0 mL·min-1) 分离得到B3-12-3-5-1~B3-12-3-5-5, B3-12-3-5-3 (20.1 mg) 经反相半制备HPLC (PFP色谱柱, 58%甲醇, 3.0 mL·min-1) 分离得到B3-12-3-5-3-1~B3-12-3-5-3-4。B3-12-3-5-3-2 (9.2 mg) 经反相半制备HPLC (XSelect C18色谱柱, 53%甲醇, 3.0 mL·min-1) 分离得到化合物7 (tR = 14.7 min, 4.1 mg), 用手性正相半制备HPLC (AD-H手性色谱柱正己烷-乙醇3∶1, 3.0 mL·min-1) 拆分, 获得(+)-7 (tR = 11.8 min, 1.4 mg) 和(-)-7 (tR = 35.2 min, 1.4 mg)。B3-12-4 (817 mg) 经Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱分离(石油醚-二氯甲烷-甲醇, 5∶5∶1, v/v/v), 得到B3-12-4-1和B3-12-4-2, 其中B3-12-4-2 (810 mg) 经Toyopearl HW-40S凝胶柱色谱分离(二氯甲烷-甲醇, 1∶1, v/v) 获得B3-12-4-2-1~B3-12-4-2-9。B3-12-4-2-3 (156.7 mg) 经反相半制备HPLC (MGII C18色谱柱, 54%甲醇, 3.0 mL·min-1) 分离得到B3-12-4-2-3-1~B3-12-4-2-3-4, B3-12-4-2-3-1 (14.8 mg) 经反相半制备HPLC (PFP色谱柱, 54%甲醇, 0.1‰三氟乙酸, 3.0 mL·min-1) 分离得到B3-12-4-2-3-1-1、B3-12-4-2-3-1-2和化合物2 (tR = 24.5 min, 0.8 mg)。化合物2经反相半制备HPLC (CD-Ph C18色谱柱, 59%甲醇, 0.1‰三氟乙酸, 3.0 mL·min-1) 手性分离得到(+)-2 (tR = 46.2 min, 0.45 mg) 和(-)-2 (tR = 48.4 min, 0.35 mg)。B3-12-4-2-3-1-1 (3.3 mg) 进一步经反相半制备HPLC (XSelect C18色谱柱, 45%甲醇, 0.1‰三氟乙酸, 3.0 mL·min-1) 纯化得到9 (tR = 10.6 min, 1.6 mg), 并用手性正相半制备HPLC (Chiralpak AD-H手性色谱柱, 正己烷-乙醇3∶1, 3.0 mL·min-1) 拆分得到(+)-9 (tR = 13.6 min, 0.96 mg) 和(-)-9 (tR = 15.9 min, 0.64 mg)。B3-12-4-2-3-2 (28.4 mg) 经反相半制备HPLC (PFP色谱柱, 54%甲醇, 0.1‰三氟乙酸, 3.0 mL·min-1) 分离得到B3-12-4-2-3-2-1~B3-12-4-2-3-2-3, B3-12-4-2-3-2-3 (2.3 mg) 经反相半制备HPLC (PFP色谱柱, 3.0 mL·min-1) 反复纯化, 得到化合物6 (tR = 40.1 min, 1.0 mg), 并进一步用手性正相半制备HPLC (Chiralpak AD-H手性色谱柱, 正己烷-乙醇4∶1, 3.0 mL·min-1) 拆分获得(-)-6 (tR = 40.8 min, 0.65 mg) 和(+)-6 (tR = 44.8 min, 0.35 mg)。B3-12-4-2-4 (143.4 mg) 经反相半制备HPLC (MGII C18色谱柱, 54%甲醇, 3.0 mL·min-1) 分离得到B3-12-4-2-4-1~B3-12-4-2-4-5, B3-12-4-2-4-2 (46.3 mg) 经反相半制备HPLC (PFP色谱柱, 54%甲醇, 0.1‰三氟乙酸, 3.0 mL·min-1) 分离得到5 (tR = 18.3 min, 35.1 mg), 再经手性正相半制备HPLC (Chiralpak AD-H手性色谱柱, 正己烷-乙醇3∶1, 3.0 mL·min-1) 拆分获得(+)-5 (tR = 26.6 min, 20.3 mg) 和(-)-5 (tR = 30.3 min, 14.0 mg)。B3-12-4-2-4-3 (23.5 mg) 经反相半制备HPLC (PFP色谱柱, 54%甲醇, 0.1‰三氟乙酸, 3.0 mL·min-1) 分离得到B3-12-4-2-4-3-1~B3-12-4-2-4-3-4。B3-12-4-2-4-3-4 (9.0 mg) 经反相半制备HPLC (CD-Ph C18色谱柱, 53%甲醇, 0.1‰三氟乙酸, 3.0 mL·min-1) 纯化, 得到8 (tR = 63.6 min, 8.0 mg), 并用手性正相半制备HPLC (Chiralpak AD-H手性色谱柱), 以正己烷-乙醇(2∶1, 3.0 mL·min-1) 为流动相, 分离得到(+)-8 (tR = 19.0 min, 4.0 mg) 和(-)-8 (tR = 23.2 min, 4.0 mg)。B3-12-4-2-5 (56.3 mg) 经反相半制备HPLC (MGII C18色谱柱, 55%甲醇, 0.1‰三氟乙酸, 3.0 mL·min-1) 分离, 得到亚组分B3-12-4-2-5-1~B3-12-4-2-5-5。B3-12-4-2-5-4 (1.1 mg) 经反相半制备HPLC (PFP色谱柱, 55%甲醇, 0.1‰三氟乙酸, 3.0 mL·min-1) 分离, 并用反相半制备HPLC (XSelect C18色谱柱, 32%乙腈, 0.1‰三氟乙酸, 3.0 mL·min-1) 纯化得到1 (tR = 17.8 min, 0.3 mg), 随后经手性正相半制备HPLC (Chiralpak IG手性色谱柱, 正己烷-乙醇2∶1, 3.0 mL·min-1) 拆分获得(-)-1 (tR = 7.0 min, 0.15 mg) 和(+)-1 (tR = 20.0 min, 0.18 mg)。B3-12-4-2-5-5 (1.9 mg) 经反相半制备HPLC (PFP色谱柱, 64%甲醇, 0.1‰三氟乙酸, 3.0 mL·min-1) 分离得到3和4的混合物(tR = 17.7 min, 0.8 mg), 继续用手性正相半制备HPLC (Chiralpak AD-H手性色谱柱, 正己烷-乙醇2∶1, 3.0 mL·min-1) 分离, 依次获得(+)-4 (tR = 10.1 min, 0.12 mg)、(+)-3 (tR = 11.3 min, 0.21 mg)、(-)-3 (tR = 15.6 min, 0.37 mg) 和(-)-4 (tR = 10.0 min, 0.14 mg)。
非等量对映体混合物1: 白色无定形粉末; UV (CH3OH) λmax (log ε) 205 (5.20), 262 (4.66), 283 (4.53) nm; IR νmax 3 364, 2 954, 2 925, 2 871, 2 854, 1 683, 1 609, 1 557, 1 519, 1 490, 1 450, 1 436, 1 380, 1 329, 1 256, 1 206, 1 180, 1 163, 1 126, 1 098, 1 067, 1 033, 973, 930, 801, 776, 724, 648 cm-1; 1H NMR (CD3OD, 700 MHz) 数据, 见表1; 13C NMR (CD3OD, 175 MHz) 数据, 见表2; (-)-HR-ESI-MS m/z 315.0871 [M-H]- (C17H15O6, 计算值315.087 4)。化合物(+)-1: [α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ = +153.9 (c 0.01, CH3OH); CD (CH3OH): 206 (Δε +4.34), 224 (Δε -3.06), 260 (Δε +5.21), 297 (Δε -0.05), 344 (Δε +0.14) nm; 化合物(-)-1: [α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ = -154.6 (c 0.01, CH3OH); CD (CH3OH): 207 (Δε -2.35), 223 (Δε +2.27), 259 (Δε -3.59), 298 (Δε +0.20), 353 (Δε +0.12) nm。
非等量对映体混合物2: 黄色无定形粉末; UV (CH3OH) λmax (log ε) 208 (4.69), 270 (4.11), 299 (3.71) nm; IR νmax 3 352, 2 959, 2 924, 2 873, 2 854, 1 685, 1 616, 1 603, 1 568, 1 522, 1 498, 1 465, 1 429, 1 405, 1 377, 1 326, 1 260, 1 207, 1 186, 1 142, 1 117, 1 065, 1 029, 945, 901, 840, 801, 774, 724, 686, 667 cm-1; 1H NMR (CD3OD, 700 MHz)数据, 见表1; 13C NMR (CD3OD, 175 MHz) 数据, 见表2; (+)-HR-ESI-MS m/z 377.122 4 [M+H]+ (C19H21O8, 计算值377.123 1)。化合物(+)-2: [α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ = +23.1 (c 0.02, CH3OH); CD (CH3OH): 216 (Δε +1.72), 232 (Δε -1.15), 266 (Δε +1.62), 292 (Δε +0.83), 333 (Δε +0.12) nm; 化合物(-)-2: [α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ = -23.1 (c 0.01, CH3OH); CD (CH3OH): 217 (Δε -2.48), 231 (Δε +2.61), 266 (Δε -3.15), 294 (Δε -1.60), 332 (Δε +0.13) nm。
混合物3和4: 棕色无定形粉末; UV (CH3OH) λmax (log ε) 205 (4.98), 222 (4.80), 258 (4.32), 288 (4.12), 299 (3.95) nm; IR νmax 3 341, 2 955, 2 925, 2 854, 1 688, 1 608, 1 593, 1 551, 1 521, 1 508, 1 448, 1 434, 1 383, 1 316, 1 275, 1 239, 1 204, 1 161, 1 129, 1 093, 1 033, 945, 898, 859, 824, 801, 786, 771, 749, 724, 686, 636 cm-1; 1H NMR (CD3OD, 700 MHz) 数据, 见表1; 13C NMR (CD3OD, 175 MHz) 数据, 见表2; (-)-HR-ESI-MS m/z 331.082 1 [M-H]- (C17H15O7, 计算值331.082 3)。化合物(+)-3: [α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ = +33.3 (c 0.01, CH3OH); CD (CH3OH): 221 (Δε +2.59), 241 (Δε -0.12), 260 (Δε +0.49) nm; 化合物(-)-3: [α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ = -33.3 (c 0.01, CH3OH); CD (CH3OH): 220 (Δε -1.63), 240 (Δε +0.55), 264 (Δε -0.43) nm; 化合物(+)-4: [α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ = +6.7 (c 0.01, CH3OH); CD (CH3OH): 222 (Δε -2.15), 247 (Δε +0.49), 296 (Δε +0.30) nm; 化合物(-)-4: [α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ = -6.7 (c 0.01, CH3OH); CD (CH3OH): 206 (Δε -2.90), 222 (Δε +2.52), 254 (Δε -0.51), 290 (Δε -0.45) nm。
非等量对映体混合物5: 黄色无定形粉末; UV (CH3OH) λmax (log ε) 205 (5.67), 229 (5.32), 272 (5.15), 301 (4.67) nm; IR νmax 3 363, 2 942, 2 838, 2 639, 1 683, 1 612, 1 602, 1 519, 1 499, 1 464, 1 429, 1 385, 1 323, 1 276, 1 243, 1 207, 1 184, 1 162, 1 115, 1 061, 1 032, 966, 935, 895, 855, 808, 773, 749, 700, 665, 631 cm-1; 1H NMR (CD3OD, 700 MHz) 数据, 见表1; 13C NMR (CD3OD, 175 MHz) 数据, 见表2; (-)-HR-ESI-MS: m/z 345.097 5 [M-H]- (C18H17O7计算值, 345.098 0)。化合物(+)-5: [α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ = +43.3 (c 0.10, CH3OH); CD (CH3OH): 213 (Δε +1.38), 229 (Δε -1.07), 269 (Δε +1.17), 291 (Δε +1.04) nm; 化合物(-)-5: [α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ = -43.1 (c 0.06, CH3OH); CD (CH3OH): 212 (Δε -8.10), 256 (Δε +4.73), 304 (Δε -5.04), 234 (Δε -4.40) nm。
非等量对映体混合物6: 白色无定形粉末; UV (CH3OH) λmax (log ε) 207 (5.28), 240 (4.90), 321 (4.88) nm; IR νmax 3 358, 2 926, 2 852, 1 684, 1 637, 1 611, 1 520, 1 497, 1 465, 1 430, 1 376, 1 330, 1 274, 1 262, 1 206, 1 145, 1 117, 1 065, 1 028, 985, 949, 903, 841, 826, 801, 771, 723 cm-1; 1H NMR (CD3OD, 700 MHz) 数据, 见表1; 13C NMR (CD3OD, 175 MHz) 数据, 见表2; (+)-HR-ESI-MS m/z 403.138 1 [M+H]+ (C21H23O8, 计算值403.138 7)。化合物(+)-6: [α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ = +136.4 (c 0.01, CH3OH); CD (CH3OH): 240 (Δε +1.43), 324 (Δε -0.88) nm; 化合物(-)-6: [α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ = -133.3 (c 0.01, CH3OH); CD (CH3OH): 206 (Δε -4.08), 240 (Δε -2.82), 319 (Δε +2.15) nm。
外消旋体7: 白色无定形粉末; UV (CH3OH) λmax (log ε) 204 (4.46), 255 (4.23), 289 (3.80), 311 (3.87), 342 (3.94) nm; IR νmax 3 356, 2 981, 2 933, 1 699, 1 635, 1 609, 1 586, 1 519, 1 447, 1 372, 1 258, 1 200, 1 115, 1 079, 1 023, 924, 867, 816, 776, 719 cm-1; 1H NMR (CD3OD, 700 MHz) 数据, 见表1; 13C NMR (CD3OD, 175 MHz) 数据, 见表2; (+)-HR-ESI-MS m/z 415.137 6 [M+H]+ (C22H23O8, 计算值415.138 7)。化合物(+)-7: [α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ = +120.1 (c 0.09, CH3OH); CD (CH3OH): 253 (Δε -5.45), 292 (Δε +1.53), 313 (Δε -0.85), 348 (Δε +3.60) nm; 化合物(-)-7: [α]$ {}_{\mathrm{D}}^{20} $ = -120.0 (c 0.06, CH3OH); CD (CH3OH): 217 (Δε -1.81), 254 (Δε +8.17), 292 (Δε -2.15), 313 (Δε +1.57), 348 (Δε -5.41) nm。
应用Gaussian 16软件的GMMX模块, 在MMFF94分子力场中采用蒙特卡洛方式对化合物的构象进行搜索, 得到相对能量小于3.0 kcal·mol-1的优势构象。应用Gaussian 16[37]程序、密度泛函算法和CPCM模型(conductor-like polarizable continuum model) 模拟溶剂效应, 在B3LYP/6-31+G(d, p) 水平上, 对搜索获得的构象进一步优化得到优化构象及其玻尔兹曼分布。在B3LYP/6-311++G(d, p) 水平上, 计算Gibbs自由能在3.0 kcal·mol-1以内的优化构象的各激发态能量、振子强度和转子强度。根据优化构象的玻尔兹曼分布概率, 通过加权平均化, 拟合得到理论计算的ECD和UV谱图(σ = 0.30 eV)。

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2025年第60卷第6期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0454
  • 接收时间:2025-04-22
  • 首发时间:2026-09-20
  • 出版时间:2025-06-12
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-22
  • 修回日期:2025-05-08
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    中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100050

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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