Article(id=1308456107098267725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308455335962894804, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-1286, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1735056000000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-25, revisedDate=1741104000000, revisedDateStr=2025-03-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789889845870, onlineDateStr=2026-09-20, pubDate=1749657600000, pubDateStr=2025-06-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789889845870, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789889845870, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789889845870, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1308455335962894804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2025', volume='60', issue='6', pageStart='1573', pageEnd='1964', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1749657600000', pubDateStr='2025-06-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789889662017, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789893590327, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1308471812564734358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308455335962894804, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1308471812564734359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308455335962894804, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1799, endPage=1806, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1308456107379286094, articleId=1308456107098267725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Structural modification and antitumor activity of the ACLY inhibitor dehydrocurvularin, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A total synthesis of dehydrocurvularin (DCV) demethylated derivatives and structure modification have been completed using a Friedel-Crafts reaction and a highly olefin metathesis reaction. All compounds were identified by NMR, HRMS, etc. Their antitumor activity with high expression of ATP-citrate lyase was evaluated by CCK-8 assay in MDA-MB-231 and HepG2 cells. The structure activity relationship studies were also investigated. Among them, compound 7e showed better antitumor activity than DCV, and could significantly induce apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells. These results represent a step toward the development of novel and improved DCV derivatives.

, authors=Dan-jin WANG1, Qiu-guo GAO1, Shu-qin WANG2, *, Zhang-shuang DENG3, Jian-jia LIANG3, *, authorsList=Dan-jin WANG, Qiu-guo GAO, Shu-qin WANG, Zhang-shuang DENG, Jian-jia LIANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shu-qin WANG, Jian-jia LIANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1308456115100999790, articleId=1308456107098267725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=ACLY抑制剂脱氢弯孢霉菌素的结构改造及抗肿瘤活性研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

采用全合成和活性药效团拼接的结构修饰策略, 通过傅克酰化、烯烃复分解和脱甲基等反应合成得到11个脱氢弯孢霉菌素(dehydrocurvularin, DCV) 衍生物, 利用核磁共振、高分辨质谱等技术对目标化合物进行了结构表征, 采用CCK-8法测试了ATP-柠檬酸裂解酶高表达的肿瘤细胞活性(乳腺癌MDA-MB-231和肝癌HepG2), 并通过分子模拟讨论了衍生物的构效关系, 其中化合物7e对两种肿瘤细胞的体外抗肿瘤活性均优于DCV, 且可以显著诱导乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞发生凋亡; 为该类大环内酯衍生物的结构修饰和构效关系研究奠定基础。

, authors=王丹津1, 郜秋果1, 王淑琴2, *, 邓张双3, 梁坚家3, *, authorsList=王丹津, 郜秋果, 王淑琴, 邓张双, 梁坚家, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王淑琴, 梁坚家, authorNote=

作者贡献:

王丹津负责化合物的设计和文章初稿撰写; 梁坚家对本文提供基金支持, 分子对接研究并对论文修改终审; 邓张双负责设计研究方案, 指导研究开展; 郜秋果负责中间体和目标化合物合成; 王淑琴负责生物学评价与统计分析。

, correspAuthorsNote=
王淑琴,E-mail:
梁坚家,E-mail:
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No.CompoundR1IC50/μmol·L-1
MDA-MB-231HepG2
15-28.7 ± 2.915.2 ± 1.4
26-> 32> 32
37a 6.7 ± 1.28.5 ± 2.3
47b 11.2 ± 0.89.2 ± 1.7
57c 5.6 ± 1.93.4 ± 0.2
67d 7.9 ± 0.710.8 ± 1.5
77e 1.9 ± 0.43.2 ± 0.9
87f 17.3 ± 2.15.3 ± 0.7
97g 6.3 ± 1.47.5 ± 0.3
107h 6.0 ± 0.85.3 ± 1.6
117i 3.2 ± 0.53.6 ± 0.7
12DCV-5.4 ± 0.66.8 ± 1.1
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The cytotoxicity of compounds to cancer cells. n = 3, $ \overline{x} $ ± s

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No.CompoundR1IC50/μmol·L-1
MDA-MB-231HepG2
15-28.7 ± 2.915.2 ± 1.4
26-> 32> 32
37a 6.7 ± 1.28.5 ± 2.3
47b 11.2 ± 0.89.2 ± 1.7
57c 5.6 ± 1.93.4 ± 0.2
67d 7.9 ± 0.710.8 ± 1.5
77e 1.9 ± 0.43.2 ± 0.9
87f 17.3 ± 2.15.3 ± 0.7
97g 6.3 ± 1.47.5 ± 0.3
107h 6.0 ± 0.85.3 ± 1.6
117i 3.2 ± 0.53.6 ± 0.7
12DCV-5.4 ± 0.66.8 ± 1.1
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ACLY抑制剂脱氢弯孢霉菌素的结构改造及抗肿瘤活性研究
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王丹津 1 , 郜秋果 1 , 王淑琴 2, * , 邓张双 3 , 梁坚家 3, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2025,60(6): 1799-1806
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药学学报 |研究论文 2025 , 60 (6) : 1799 -1806
ACLY抑制剂脱氢弯孢霉菌素的结构改造及抗肿瘤活性研究
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王丹津1, 郜秋果1, 王淑琴2, * , 邓张双3, 梁坚家3, *
作者信息
  • 1宜昌东阳光长江药业股份有限公司, 湖北 宜都 443000
  • 2荆楚理工学院医学部, 湖北 荆门 448000
  • 3三峡大学生物与制药学院, 天然产物研究与利用湖北省重点实验室, 湖北 宜昌 443002
通讯作者:
王淑琴,E-mail:
梁坚家,E-mail:
作者简介:

作者贡献:

王丹津负责化合物的设计和文章初稿撰写; 梁坚家对本文提供基金支持, 分子对接研究并对论文修改终审; 邓张双负责设计研究方案, 指导研究开展; 郜秋果负责中间体和目标化合物合成; 王淑琴负责生物学评价与统计分析。

Structural modification and antitumor activity of the ACLY inhibitor dehydrocurvularin
Dan-jin WANG1, Qiu-guo GAO1, Shu-qin WANG2, * , Zhang-shuang DENG3, Jian-jia LIANG3, *
Affiliations
  • 1Yichang Hec Changjiang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yidu 443000, China
  • 2College of Medicine, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen 448000, China
  • 3Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
出版时间: 2025-06-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-1286
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采用全合成和活性药效团拼接的结构修饰策略, 通过傅克酰化、烯烃复分解和脱甲基等反应合成得到11个脱氢弯孢霉菌素(dehydrocurvularin, DCV) 衍生物, 利用核磁共振、高分辨质谱等技术对目标化合物进行了结构表征, 采用CCK-8法测试了ATP-柠檬酸裂解酶高表达的肿瘤细胞活性(乳腺癌MDA-MB-231和肝癌HepG2), 并通过分子模拟讨论了衍生物的构效关系, 其中化合物7e对两种肿瘤细胞的体外抗肿瘤活性均优于DCV, 且可以显著诱导乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞发生凋亡; 为该类大环内酯衍生物的结构修饰和构效关系研究奠定基础。

结构改造  /  ATP-柠檬酸裂解酶  /  抗肿瘤活性  /  分子模拟  /  构效关系

A total synthesis of dehydrocurvularin (DCV) demethylated derivatives and structure modification have been completed using a Friedel-Crafts reaction and a highly olefin metathesis reaction. All compounds were identified by NMR, HRMS, etc. Their antitumor activity with high expression of ATP-citrate lyase was evaluated by CCK-8 assay in MDA-MB-231 and HepG2 cells. The structure activity relationship studies were also investigated. Among them, compound 7e showed better antitumor activity than DCV, and could significantly induce apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells. These results represent a step toward the development of novel and improved DCV derivatives.

structure modification  /  ATP-citrate lyase  /  antitumour  /  molecular simulation  /  structure activity relationship
王丹津, 郜秋果, 王淑琴, 邓张双, 梁坚家. ACLY抑制剂脱氢弯孢霉菌素的结构改造及抗肿瘤活性研究. 药学学报, 2025 , 60 (6) : 1799 -1806 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-1286
Dan-jin WANG, Qiu-guo GAO, Shu-qin WANG, Zhang-shuang DENG, Jian-jia LIANG. Structural modification and antitumor activity of the ACLY inhibitor dehydrocurvularin[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2025 , 60 (6) : 1799 -1806 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-1286
细胞代谢失调与肿瘤发生发展密切相关, ATP-柠檬酸裂解酶(ATP-citrate lyase, ACLY) 作为一种机体广泛分布的代谢酶, 是连接葡萄糖、脂质和胆固醇代谢的关键桥梁[1, 2]。近年来, 研究表明, 干预或遗传学敲除ACLY可以抑制多种癌症的转移和耐药等不良预后因素[3]。因此, ACLY被认为是多种代谢性疾病相关药物研发的热门靶标。然而, 目前靶向ACLY的小分子抑制剂报道较少, 总计25种[4, 5]。2019年Wei等[6]报道了系列N-苯磺酰胺类的ACLY强效变构抑制剂, 如NDI-091143、脱氢弯孢霉菌素(dehydrocurvularin, DCV) 等(图1); 虽然磺酰胺类抑制剂与蛋白亲和力较好, 但是体内外生物活性的不足限制了其进一步的临床开发。因此临床亟需开发新型、安全、有效的ACLY靶向抑制剂。
DCV是一种天然来源的间苯二酚大环内酯类化合物, 主要由弯孢霉属和曲霉素真菌产生[7, 8]。DCV具有广谱的抗肿瘤、抗菌以及抗炎活性等[9]。本团队前期通过化学蛋白质组学和生物学敲除实验发现DCV的直接作用靶点为ACLY, 酶抑制活性为0.93 μmol·L-1, 表明DCV有望成为潜在的肿瘤治疗的靶向药物[10]。通过文献检索发现目前天然来源的DCV类似物非常稀少, 仅有41个, 且尚无针对DCV结构修饰的研究报道, 而其药理活性和生物利用度的不足进一步限制了其临床前研究[11]。
本研究以DCV为先导化合物, 通过全合成和活性药效团拼接策略, 结合计算机辅助药物设计, 设计合成系列ACLY抑制剂(图2), 并进一步对其抗肿瘤活性进行了评价, 阐明DCV及其衍生物的构效关系, 为该类化合物的成药性研究奠定基础。
根据设计思路, 通过简单商业易得的原料, 采用酯化、傅克酰化、烯烃复分解和脱甲基化反应全合成得到C15位去甲基衍生物5 (合成路线1); 其次, 利用氢气和Pd/C选择性还原DCV大环内酯的α, β-不饱和双键得到衍生物6; 最后, 通过药效团拼合原理, 引入N-苯磺酰胺药效团, 得到系列Ⅱ衍生物7a~7i; 衍生物合成路线如合成路线1和2所示。
以天然母核DCV为阳性对照, 选取ACLY高表达的三阴乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231和肝癌细胞HepG2细胞为研究对象, 采用CCK-8法对上述所有合成的衍生物进行体外抗肿瘤活性筛选, 细胞毒活性结果如表1所示。
从表1结果可得出衍生物的初步构效关系: ① DCV对体外MDA-MB-231和HepG2细胞具有良好的细胞毒活性(IC50分别为5.4和6.8 μmol·L-1), 而骨架中α, β-不饱和双键还原之后活性直接丧失(化合物6, IC50 > 32 μmol·L-1), 表明该片段是其关键药效团; ② DCV去手性甲基全合成衍生物5的抗肿瘤活性与母核相比活性显著降低, 表明C15位手性甲基对该类化合物的抗肿瘤活性至关重要; ③ DCV骨架中引入ACLY抑制剂优势活性片段N-苯磺酰胺骨架对其抗肿瘤活性有较大影响, 且R1基团的体积和电性影响显著, 其中R1为小体积的脂肪族磺酰胺时对其活性影响较小(如7g和7h), 可能与其蛋白口袋附近的π-π相互作用较弱有关; 而芳香族苯磺酰胺中吸电子基团的引入不利于提高其抗肿瘤活性(如7a、7b和7f等), 给电子基团(如7c甲基、7e甲氧基) 有利于提高化合物的抗肿瘤活性, 其中2,4-二甲氧基化合物7e活性最佳, 对MDA-MB-231和HepG2细胞活性的IC50值为1.9和3.2 μmol·L-1, 具有较强的肿瘤细胞体外抑制活性, 优于阳性对照DCV的细胞毒活性, 值得进一步深入研究。
促进细胞凋亡是抑制肿瘤细胞增殖的重要方式, 已有研究表明, 抑制ACLY蛋白活性, 可引起肝癌细胞线粒体发生氧化应激, 升高活性氧(ROS), 诱导细胞凋亡, 从而抑制细胞增殖[12]。为探究最佳化合物7e抑制MDA-MB-231细胞增殖的作用机制, 采用AnnexinV-FITC/PI染色法检测了不同给药浓度下, 化合物7e对MDA-MB-231细胞孵育24 h后的细胞凋亡影响; 结果如图3所示, 化合物7e在低浓度下(2 μmol·L-1) 对MDA-MB-231细胞凋亡影响较小, 而给药浓度为4 μmol·L-1时, 可以显著诱导细胞发生晚期凋亡(Q2象限), MDA-MB-231细胞存活率为42.8% (Q1象限), 细胞凋亡率达34.8%。上述结果表明, 化合物7e可以通过诱导细胞凋亡从而抑制MDA-MB-231细胞增殖。
为了研究衍生物与ACLY蛋白的相互作用模式, 采用分子对接的方法对表1中衍生物进行了分子模拟, 在蛋白质数据库中筛选了ACLY的蛋白晶体结构(PDB: 6O0H)[6], 通过MOE 2019软件进行了小分子与目标蛋白的对接模拟, 并利用打分函数评估化合物与ACLY结合力的高低, 评分绝对值越大, 结合亲和力越强。打分结果如图4A所示, 不同取代的磺酰胺衍生物对接得分明显高于母核DCV, 其中化合物7e (绿色) 得分最高(Docking score = -9.81); 分析结合位点可知, ACLY的蛋白残基ARG66和ASP216与化合物7e的磺酰胺结构和苯环的甲氧基存在氢键相互作用, 而LYS58残基与中间桥联基团苯乙酮羰基发生氢键作用, 磺酰胺骨架较好的嵌入疏水口袋内部与其发生疏水相互作用; DCV也在其中发挥关键作用, GLU118与其DCV的7位酚羟基存在氢键相互作用(1.8 Å), 这些氢键和疏水相互作用与其抗肿瘤活性保持一致, 表明DCV骨架中引入大体积的N-苯磺酰胺骨架有利于提高其抗肿瘤活性。
为进一步讨论DCV去手性甲基化合物5的构效关系, 采用分子模拟对DCV、化合物5与ACLY可能的结合方式进行了研究(图4B~E), 分子对接评分结果显示, DCV (-6.09) 的打分优于化合物5 (-4.97); 深入研究发现, 二者与ACLY的结合模式具有显著差异, 虽然其双羟基苯环均伸向蛋白催化口袋内部, 但分子构象却互为镜像; 其中DCV (图4B、C) 的C15手性甲基嵌入了口袋疏水通道(黄色圈), 起到了“魔法甲基”的效果, 增加了其苯环区与口袋的氢键和π-π相互作用; 而化合物5 (图4D、E) 的C15位暴露在口袋溶剂区(红色圈), 缺少与蛋白口袋的锚定作用, 使其苯环区与疏水口袋的相互作用减弱, 表明DCV的C15位手性甲基对其活性提高至关重要。上述分子对接结果为DCV进一步的结构优化提供了思路。
本研究基于全合成和活性药效团拼接的结构改造策略, 通过还原、酯化、傅克酰化、烯烃复分解、脱甲基等反应合成了11个DCV衍生物, 经检索所有化合物均为首次合成的新化合物, 并通过核磁共振和高分辨质谱确证了化学结构。初步构效关系表明, C15位去手性甲基和DCV的大环α, β-不饱和双键还原均不利于骨架抗肿瘤活性的提高, 而引入活性N-苯磺酰胺骨架有利于发挥其抗肿瘤活性, 其中化合物7e活性最佳(IC50 = 1.9和3.2 μmol·L-1), 进一步深入作用机制研究表明化合物7e可以显著诱导MDA-MB-231细胞发生晚期凋亡从而抑制细胞增殖; 分子对接结果表明化合物7e的苯磺酰胺骨架嵌入ACLY蛋白疏水空腔内部, 与蛋白形成良好的氢键相互作用, 以上结果表明化合物7e有望成为治疗乳腺癌的新型先导化合物。本研究为后续脱氢弯孢霉素类大环内酯化合物的构效关系研究及成药性优化奠定了基础。
1H NMR、13C NMR使用Bruker 400 MHz核磁共振仪测定; HRMS使用LTQ Orbitrap质谱仪测定; 熔点使用X-4熔点显微仪测试; PTX-FA210S电子天平购自华志电子科技有限公司; ZF-1三用紫外分析仪购自上海金鹏分析仪器; DCV原料为真菌固体发酵后重结晶所得, 实验试剂和有机溶剂均为分析纯级别, 从国药集团化学试剂公司购买。合成路线涉及的试剂原料均为商业试剂, 分别购至乐妍、安耐吉、伊诺凯、毕得、希恩斯等化学试剂公司; 有机溶剂参照实验室手册的沸点重新蒸馏; GF254薄层硅胶板从青岛海洋有限公司采购。
称取3,5-二甲氧基苯甲酸(1.0 g, 5.1 mmol, 1)、EDCI (949.5 mg, 6.12 mmol) 于100 mL茄形瓶中, 用10 mL DCM溶解后加入DMAP (10 mg, 0.01 mmol), 常温搅拌20 min后加入5-己烯-1-醇(734 μL, 6.12 mmol), 在常温下继续搅拌4 h。待薄层色谱板监测反应完成后, 加入20 mL饱和NaCl水溶液淬灭反应, 随后加入饱和NaHCO3溶液和二氯甲烷萃取3次, 合并水层并反萃2次, 合并有机相, 无水Na2SO4干燥, 浓缩, 柱层析(石油醚∶乙酸乙酯= 5∶1) 分离纯化得化合物2, 无色油状, 收率88%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δH: 6.65 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 2H), 6.37 (t, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H), 4.10 (t, J = 5.9 Hz, 2H), 3.80 (s, 6H), 3.60 (t, J = 1.0 Hz, 2H), 1.66 (m, J = 7.5, 5.8 Hz, 2H), 1.42~1.31 (m, 4H), 0.95~0.85 (d, 3H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δC: 171.9, 163.2, 136.3, 109.9, 99.5, 65.1, 55.3, 41.2, 29.6, 28.4, 22.4, 13.9。
称取化合物2 (800 mg, 3.0 mmol) 于二口烧瓶中, 在-78 ℃和N2氛围下, 使用注射器加入5 mL无水二氯甲烷, 并缓慢加入SnCl2 (421 μL, 3.6 mmol), 随后滴加3-氯丙酰氯(344 μL, 3.6 mmol), 保持-78 ℃反应5 h, 之后缓慢加入三乙胺(1.17 mL, 5 mmol), 在常温下继续搅拌5 h。反应结束后加入饱和NaHCO3溶液淬灭反应, 加入20 mL二氯甲烷萃取3次, 合并水层并反萃取2次, 合并有机相, 无水Na2SO4干燥, 浓缩, 柱层析(石油醚∶乙酸乙酯= 20∶1) 分离纯化得化合物3, 无色油状, 收率41%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δH: 6.71 (d, J = 17.4, 10.3 Hz, 1H), 6.43 (q, J = 2.3 Hz, 2H), 6.12 (d, J = 17.4 Hz, 1H), 5.86~5.72 (m, 2H), 5.06~4.93 (m, 2H), 4.07 (t, J = 6.7 Hz, 2H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 3.63 (s, 2H), 2.11~2.00 (m, 2H), 1.69~1.59 (m, 2H), 1.48~1.36 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δC: 195.77, 171.14, 161.68, 159.21, 138.40, 138.06, 135.38, 128.50, 122.15, 114.77, 107.79, 97.55, 64.82, 55.70, 55.45, 38.79, 33.25, 27.97, 25.10。
将化合物3 (450 mg, 1.4 mmol) 溶于无水二氯甲烷中, 在N2氛围下, 用注射器加入1 mL无水二氯甲烷溶解的Grubbs Ⅱ催化剂(172.4 mg, 0.2 mmol), 随后在45 ℃的条件下回流反应8 h。反应完毕用饱和NaCl水溶液淬灭反应, 加入20 mL二氯甲烷萃取3次, 合并水层并反萃取2次, 合并有机相, 无水Na2SO4干燥, 浓缩, 柱层析(石油醚∶乙酸乙酯= 1∶1) 分离纯化得化合物4, 白色固体, 收率35%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δH: 6.65 (d, J = 15.7, 6.8 Hz, 1H), 6.44 (q, J = 2.2 Hz, 2H), 6.37 (d, J = 15.6 Hz, 1H), 4.06 (t, J = 6.1 Hz, 2H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.61 (s, 2H), 2.26~2.17 (m, 2H), 1.60 (d, J = 6.2 Hz, 2H), 1.47 (q, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δC: 196.04, 171.12, 161.37, 158.69, 148.73, 134.54, 132.48, 122.72, 107.31, 97.59, 64.50, 55.71, 55.46, 38.69, 31.84, 27.97, 24.48。
将化合物4 (80 mg, 1.1 mmol) 溶于无水四氢呋喃中, 在零下50 ℃和N2氛围下, 使用注射器缓慢加入BBr3溶液(172.4 mg, 8.2 mmol), 随后转为0 ℃下继续反应2 h。薄层检测反应, 待完毕后用饱和NaHCO3水溶液淬灭反应, 加入20 mL乙酸乙酯萃取3次, 合并水层并反萃取2次, 合并有机相, 无水Na2SO4干燥, 浓缩, 柱层析(石油醚∶乙酸乙酯= 1∶1) 分离纯化得化合物5, 白色固体, 收率13%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δH: 7.15 (d, 1H), 7.12 (t, J = 5.7 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (t, J = 5.6 Hz, 1H), 6.98 (dt, J = 15.2 Hz, 1H), 6.52~6.48 (m, 2H), 4.06 (t, J = 5.7 Hz, 2H), 3.51 (d, J = 1.1 Hz, 2H), 1.94 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 2H), 1.59~1.51 (m, 2H), 1.31 (m, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δC: 197.27, 171.81, 163.46, 162.46, 151.01, 131.60, 128.58, 117.69, 112.74, 101.66, 62.89, 29.39, 31.68, 27.89, 26.09; HRMS m/z Calcd. for C15H16O5 [M+H]+ 277.107 6, found 277.105 2。
在氢气球氛围下, 用注射器缓慢加入DCV (100 mg, 1.0 mmol) 的无水甲醇和乙酸乙酯(1∶1) 混合溶液(4 mL), 随后加入5%的Pd/C (50 mg), 常温下反应12 h。薄层色谱检测反应情况, 反应完毕后使用饱和NaHCO3水溶液淬灭反应, 抽滤, 然后加入20 mL乙酸乙酯萃取3次, 合并水层并反萃取2次, 合并有机相, 无水Na2SO4干燥, 浓缩, 柱层析(石油醚∶乙酸乙酯= 1∶1) 分离纯化得化合物6, 白色固体, 收率95%。1H NMR (DMSO-d6 400 MHz) δH: 9.87 (s, 2H), 6.27 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.17 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 4.86~4.79 (m, 1H), 3.71 (d, J = 16 Hz, 1H), 3.59 (d, J = 15.6 Hz, 1H), 3.00~2.96 (m, 1H), 2.71~2.64 (m, 1H), 1.68~1.12 (m, 8H), 1.06 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (DMSO-d6, 100 MHz) δC: 206.5, 170.7, 159.6, 157.8, 135.7, 120.1, 111.4, 102.1, 71.9, 43.3, 39.14, 32.1, 26.7, 23.8, 22.8, 20.6; HRMS m/z Calcd. for C16H21O5 [M+H]+ 293.138 9, found 293.136 7。
将化合物DCV (25 mg, 1.0 mmol) 和中间体6a~6i (1.2 mmol) 溶于乙腈(4 mL) 中, 加入碳酸铯(1.0 mmol) 和碘化钾(0.1 mmol), 常温下搅拌0.5 h。薄层色谱板监测反应, 完毕后加入饱和NaCl水溶液淬灭反应, 然后乙酸乙酯萃取3次, 合并水层并用乙酸乙酯反萃取2次, 合并有机相, 无水Na2SO4干燥, 真空浓缩乙酸乙酯相, 粗产物经柱层析纯化(石油醚∶乙酸乙酯= 3∶1), 得到化合物7a~7i, 核磁表征结果如下所示。
(S, E)-3,5-二氟-N-(4-(2-((11-羟基-4-甲基-2,10-二氧代-1,4,5,6,7,10-六氢-2H-苯并[d][1]氧杂环十二烷-13-基)氧基)乙酰基)苯基)苯磺酰胺(7a)    1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δH: 12.76 (s, 1H), 8.12 (s, 1H), 7.86 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.43~7.38 (m, 2H), 7.14 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.03 (d, J = 8.1, 1H), 6.72~6.65 (m, 2H), 6.45 (d, J = 2.6 Hz, 1H), 6.26 (d, J = 2.5 Hz, 1H), 5.26 (s, 2H), 4.92 (dd, J = 14.9, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 4.11 (d, J = 17.5 Hz, 1H), 3.61 (d, J = 18.2 Hz, 1H), 2.52 (d, J = 15.2 Hz, 1H), 2.37 (q, J = 7.3, 6.8 Hz, 1H), 2.05 (d, J = 18.2 Hz, 2H), 1.75~1.70 (m, 2H), 1.29 (d, 3H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δC: 196.27, 191.64, 171.12, 166.18, 165.50, 162.34, 157.81, 148.74, 142.61, 137.77, 134.25, 132.96, 131.25, 129.87, 129.68, 129.50, 118.72, 114.89, 113.65, 104.71, 101.12, 99.58, 56.39, 55.74, 38.91, 29.70, 28.99, 22.97, 19.98; HRMS m/z Calcd. for C30H28F2NO8S [M+H]+ 600.150 4, found 600.153 1。
(S, E)-N-(4-(2-((11-羟基-4-甲基-2,10-二氧代-1,4,5,6,7,10-六氢-2H-苯并[d][1]氧杂环十二烷-13-基)氧基)乙酰基)苯基)-3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯磺酰胺(7b)    1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δH: 11.24 (s, 1H), 10.12 (s, 1H), 8.54 (s, 1H), 8.42 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 2H), 7.96~7.93 (m, 2H), 7.32 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 2H), 6.42~6.35 (m, 2H), 6.31 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H), 6.26 (d, J = 16.1 Hz, 1H), 5.45 (s, 2H), 4.76 (ddt, J = 8.4, 6.3, 3.6 Hz, 1H), 2.28 (dq, J = 15.3, 6.9, 5.4 Hz, 1H), 2.17 (tdd, J = 13.3, 8.9, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 1.88~1.76 (m, 2H), 1.48~1.39 (m, 2H), 1.06 (d, J = 6.3 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6) δC: 198.00, 193.20, 170.48, 159.51, 156.90, 155.28, 138.69, 133.81, 132.91, 130.12, 129.88, 122.13, 120.71, 118.53, 108.86, 101.15, 72.74, 70.32, 33.78, 33.33, 24.31, 20.45; HRMS m/z Calcd. for C32H28F6NO8S [M+H]+ 700.144 0, found 700.142 9。
(S, E)-4-(叔丁基)-N-(4-(2-((11-羟基-4-甲基-2,10-二氧代-1,4,5,6,7,10-六氢-2H-苯并[d][1]氧杂环十二烷-13-基)氧基)乙酰基)苯基)苯磺酰胺(7c)    1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δH: 12.71 (s, 1H), 8.31 (s, 1H), 7.81 (t, J = 9.1, 2.1 Hz, 4H), 7.52~7.46 (m, 2H), 7.22~7.15 (m, 2H), 6.68 (q, J = 2.2 Hz, 2H), 6.43 (d, J = 2.6 Hz, 1H), 6.30 (d, J = 2.6 Hz, 1H), 5.25 (s, 2H), 4.93~4.84 (m, 1H), 4.07 (d, J = 17.9 Hz, 1H), 3.63~3.54 (m, 1H), 2.55~2.44 (m, 1H), 2.36 (q, J = 3.3, 2.9 Hz, 1H), 2.05~1.90 (m, 2H), 1.68 (p, J = 6.1 Hz, 2H), 1.31 (s, 9H), 1.26 (d, J = 6.3 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δC: 196.25, 191.80, 171.61, 166.22, 162.38, 157.25, 149.01, 142.73, 137.69, 136.08, 131.22, 129.70, 129.44, 127.01, 126.32, 118.40, 114.80, 113.76, 101.10, 72.95, 70.01, 44.02, 36.69, 35.21, 34.05, 32.70, 31.61, 31.01, 24.19, 20.00; HRMS m/z Calcd. for C34H38NO8S [M+H]+ 620.231 8, found 620.234 3。
(S, E)-N-(4-(2-((11-羟基-4-甲基-2,10-二氧代-1,4,5,6,7,10-六氢-2H-苯并[d][1]氧杂环十二烷-13-基)氧基)乙酰基)苯基)-4-(三氟甲氧基)苯磺酰胺(7d)    1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δH: 11.13 (s, 1H), 10.10 (s, 1H), 8.03~7.98 (m, 2H), 7.95~7.91 (m, 2H), 7.63~7.59 (m, 2H), 7.29~7.24 (m, 2H), 6.45~6.33 (m, 2H), 6.31~6.22 (m, 2H), 5.47~5.43 (m, 2H), 4.79~4.72 (m, 1H), 2.29 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 2.23~2.11 (m, 1H), 1.78 (d, J = 10.1 Hz, 2H), 1.47~1.38 (m, 2H), 1.07 (d, J = 6.3 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6) δC: 198.02, 193.25, 170.50, 159.58, 156.94, 155.29, 144.12, 133.83, 132.93, 130.20, 129.26, 120.71, 117.66, 108.94, 101.15, 72.76, 58.27, 48.83, 48.19, 42.52, 26.69, 25.10, 20.48, 19.78; HRMS m/z Calcd. for C31H29F3NO9S [M+H]+ 648.151 5, found 648.153 1。
(S, E)-N-(4-(2-((11-羟基-4-甲基-2,10-二氧代-1,4,5,6,7,10-六氢-2H-苯并[d][1]氧杂环十二烷-13-基)氧基)乙酰基)苯基)-2,4-二甲氧基苯磺酰胺(7e)    1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δH: 12.68 (s, 1H), 8.09 (s, 2H), 7.86 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.83~7.78 (m, 2H), 7.57 (s, 1H), 6.63 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 2H), 6.42 (d, J = 2.5 Hz, 3H), 6.27 (d, J = 2.6 Hz, 1H), 5.19 (s, 2H), 4.83 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 1H), 4.05 (s, 1H), 3.94 (s, 4H), 3.81 (s, 4H), 3.54 (d, J = 11.3 Hz, 1H), 2.48 (d, J = 15.5 Hz, 1H), 2.35 (d, J = 10.9 Hz, 2H), 1.98 (t, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 1.90~1.82 (m, 1H), 1.22 (d, 3H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6) δC: 198.01, 193.26, 170.50, 159.56, 156.94, 155.28, 144.14, 133.83, 132.93, 130.11, 129.96, 129.42, 120.73, 118.35, 108.93, 101.15, 72.77, 70.37, 33.79, 33.34, 30.61, 24.32, 20.48; HRMS m/z Calcd. for C32H34NO10S [M+H]+ 624.190 3, found 624.192 4。
(S, E)-4-氰基-N-(4-(2-((11-羟基-4-甲基-2,10-二氧代-1,4,5,6,7,10-六氢-2H-苯并[d][1]氧杂环十二烷-13-基)氧基)乙酰基)苯基)苯磺酰胺(7f)    1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δH: 12.77 (s, 1H), 8.35 (s, 1H), 7.95 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.80 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 4H), 7.13 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.71 (d, J = 4.7 Hz, 2H), 6.45 (d, J = 2.6 Hz, 1H), 6.23 (d, J = 2.6 Hz, 1H), 5.26 (s, 2H), 4.91 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 1H), 4.12 (d, J = 18.0 Hz, 1H), 3.66~3.57 (m, 1H), 2.52 (dd, J = 15.7, 7.4 Hz, 1H), 2.37 (dt, J = 13.7, 6.8 Hz, 1H), 2.06~1.91 (m, 2H), 1.72 (s, 2H), 1.28 (d, J = 4.6 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δC: 196.17, 191.78, 172.02, 166.34, 162.35, 149.15, 143.21, 141.60, 137.66, 133.09, 131.11, 129.80, 127.77, 119.31, 117.05, 113.94, 100.94, 73.26, 70.07, 44.12, 32.68, 29.70, 24.23, 20.04; HRMS m/z Calcd. for C31H29N2O8S [M+H]+ 589.164 5, found 589.161 5。
(S, E)-N-(4-(2-((11-羟基-4-甲基-2,10-二氧代-1,4,5,6,7,10-六氢-2H-苯并[d][1]氧杂环十二烷-13-基)氧基)乙酰基)苯基)丙烷-1-磺酰胺(7g)    1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δH: 12.74 (s, 1H), 8.11 (s, 1H), 7.97~7.91 (m, 2H), 7.28~7.23 (m, 2H), 6.68 (d, J = 3.2 Hz, 2H), 6.48 (d, J = 2.6 Hz, 1H), 6.33 (d, J = 2.6 Hz, 1H), 5.30 (s, 2H), 4.91~4.84 (m, 1H), 4.09 (d, J = 17.8 Hz, 1H), 3.60 (d, J = 18.0 Hz, 1H), 3.20~3.12 (m, 2H), 2.56~2.46 (m, 1H), 2.40~2.33 (m, 2H), 2.08~1.88 (m, 4H), 1.69 (t, J = 3.5 Hz, 2H), 1.26 (d, 3H), 1.05 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δC: 196.23, 191.77, 171.63, 166.33, 162.41, 148.99, 142.91, 137.74, 131.19, 130.07, 129.51, 117.92, 114.78, 113.84, 101.08, 72.99, 70.13, 54.03, 38.89, 32.70, 30.56, 22.98, 20.01, 17.24, 14.08; HRMS m/z Calcd. for C27H32NO8S [M+H]+ 530.184 9, found 530.181 2。
(S, E)-N-(4-(2-((11-羟基-4-甲基-2,10-二氧代-1,4,5,6,7,10-六氢-2H-苯并[d][1]氧杂环十二烷-13-基)氧基)乙酰基)苯基)环丙磺酰胺(7h)    1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δH: 10.41 (s, 1H), 10.13 (s, 1H), 8.03~7.97 (m, 2H), 7.40~7.34 (m, 2H), 6.47~6.21 (m, 4H), 5.49 (s, 2H), 4.81~4.73 (m, 1H), 2.79 (tt, J = 7.8, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 2.29 (dd, J = 11.8, 5.5 Hz, 1H), 2.23~2.12 (m, 1H), 1.84~1.72 (m, 2H), 1.55~1.26 (m, 6H), 1.09 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6) δC: 197.99, 193.32, 170.45, 159.51, 156.96, 155.26, 142.29, 142.07, 133.84, 132.89, 132.27, 131.93, 130.71, 130.20, 128.07, 127.79, 124.22, 121.50, 120.74, 119.46, 108.81, 101.23, 72.72, 70.37, 33.77, 33.32, 24.30, 20.41; HRMS m/z Calcd. for C27H30NO8S [M+H]+ 528.169 2, found 528.163 5。
1-[((1S, 4R)-7,7-二甲基-2-氧代双环[2.2.1]庚-1-基]-N-[4-(2-(((S, E)-11-羟基-4-甲基-2,10-二氧代-1,4,5,6,7,10-六氢-2H-苯并[d][1]氧杂螺[12]环丁烷-13-基]氧基)乙酰基)苯基)甲磺酰胺(7i)    1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δH: 10.53 (s, 1H), 10.12 (s, 1H), 8.05~7.98 (m, 2H), 7.43~7.31 (m, 2H), 6.50~6.22 (m, 3H), 5.50 (s, 1H), 4.80~4.72 (m, 1H), 3.50 (d, J = 15.0 Hz, 1H), 3.19~3.08 (m, 1H), 2.42~2.24 (m, 3H), 2.23~2.11 (m, 1H), 2.10~1.89 (m, 3H), 1.74 (d, J = 12.7 Hz, 1H), 1.58 (d, J = 4.5 Hz, 1H), 1.49~1.41 (m, 1H), 1.08 (d, J = 6.3 Hz, 3H), 1.01 (s, 3H), 0.77 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6) δC: 196.17, 191.81, 171.94, 166.34, 162.32, 149.03, 141.47, 137.61, 131.15, 129.82, 129.51, 119.30, 113.87, 111.00, 110.72, 101.02, 73.16, 70.06, 44.08, 38.91, 38.74, 29.71, 29.37, 28.99, 24.22, 22.97, 22.70, 20.02; HRMS m/z Calcd. for C34H40NO9S [M+H]+ 638.242 4, found 638.246 3。
本实验选取的肿瘤细胞均在含5% CO2的37 ℃恒温培养箱中培养。人三阴乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231和人肝癌细胞系HepG2均使用DMEM培养基, 细胞培养于10%胎牛血清+ 1%青霉素和链霉素中, 所有实验均取细胞至对数生长期时进行给药处理, 上述细胞株均购自中国科学院上海细胞库。
取对数生长期细胞, 将所有待测化合物均使用无菌级DMSO配成10 mmol·L-1的待测母液。梯度稀释的最大浓度为10 μmol·L-1。以ACLY高表达的三阴乳腺癌MD-MB-231和肝癌HepG2细胞为模型, 评价过程中待测细胞用适量完全培养基重悬, 形成细胞稀释液。将细胞稀释液用排枪加入96孔板, 大致维持每孔4 000~5 000左右的细胞数量, 96孔板边缘使用PBS溶液液封, 放入5% CO2培养箱贴壁生长24 h, 将梯度稀释成8个浓度加入对应孔板中, 每个浓度设置3个复孔, 加药完毕后放入培养箱继续培养48 h; 最后加入CCK-8试剂, 继续培养4 h, 避光操作。酶标仪在450 nm条件下测试吸光度值, 通过SPSS软件拟合数据, 计算IC50值。
将对数生长期的MDA-MB-231细胞接种至6孔板中, 放至37 ℃恒温培养箱中培养24 h, 加入指定浓度的化合物7e后继续放置培养24 h。胰酶消化, 收集细胞并重新悬浮于PBS中, 将5 μL的FITC标记的Annexin V和同样体积的PI染料加入有细胞的离心管, 室温避光孵育15 min; 过滤后使用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡情况; 流式细胞仪的激发波长设置为488 nm, 发射波长设置为530 nm。
ACLY蛋白晶体结构源至RCSB数据库(PDB: 6O0H), 使用MOE2019软件包对小分子和蛋白的结构进行预处理。分子模拟采用MOE2019进行, 根据对接得分选择代表性的构象作为目标化合物的预测结合模式, 图片使用Pymol生成。
化合物体外活性数据通过SPSS 22.0软件拟合得到, 为3次结果的平均值, 结果以平均值±标准差表示, P值小于0.05具有统计学意义, 统计学检验包括t检验和双因素方差分析, 确保数据的准确性。

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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-1286
  • 接收时间:2024-12-25
  • 首发时间:2026-09-20
  • 出版时间:2025-06-12
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-25
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    1宜昌东阳光长江药业股份有限公司, 湖北 宜都 443000
    2荆楚理工学院医学部, 湖北 荆门 448000
    3三峡大学生物与制药学院, 天然产物研究与利用湖北省重点实验室, 湖北 宜昌 443002

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