Article(id=1308456102727807484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308455335962894804, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0392, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1744128000000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-09, revisedDate=1747324800000, revisedDateStr=2025-05-16, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789889844829, onlineDateStr=2026-09-20, pubDate=1749657600000, pubDateStr=2025-06-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789889844829, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789889844829, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789889844829, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1308455335962894804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2025', volume='60', issue='6', pageStart='1573', pageEnd='1964', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1749657600000', pubDateStr='2025-06-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789889662017, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789893590327, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1308471812564734358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308455335962894804, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1308471812564734359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308455335962894804, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1920, endPage=1929, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1308456103101100541, articleId=1308456102727807484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Study on the effect and mechanism of targeted therapy acute myeloid leukemia with supramolecular iron nano gambogic acid, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), characterized by rapid progression, therapeutic resistance, and high relapse rates, remains a critical threat to patient survival. The complex leukemic microenvironment often diminishes the efficacy of conventional monotherapies and single-target approaches. Drug delivery strategies based on microenvironment characteristics and multi-mechanism synergy are expected to have better therapeutic effects on AML. Therefore, we developed a biomimetic supramolecular nanoparticle (Fe-GA@CM) through homologous targeting strategy and metal-polyphenol coordination for co-delivery of gambogic acid (GA) and Fe3+. The particle size, zeta potential, and release performance of the system were characterized. Furthermore, the efficacy and mechanism of action of this system in treating AML was explored. The results showed that the particle size of the nano system was approximately 270 nm and positively charged. After being specifically taken up by AML cells, it is reduced by high concentrations of glutathione in the tumor microenvironment and released Fe2+ and GA in a responsive manner. The combination therapy for AML is achieved by inducing ferroptosis with Fe2+ and inhibiting glycolysis in AML cells with GA. In summary, the formulated Fe-GA@CM provides novel ideas for targeted therapy and combination therapy for AML.

, authors=Shang-qin YANG1, 2, Jing-xuan WANG2, 3, Qi-qi XU2, 3, Ming-jie PENG2, 4, Liang-liang LÜ1, 2, Ke-rong TU2, 3, Hong-mei LIU2, 3, Lu-lu CAI1, 2, 3, *, Qiang SUN1, 2, 3, *, authorsList=Shang-qin YANG, Jing-xuan WANG, Qi-qi XU, Ming-jie PENG, Liang-liang LÜ, Ke-rong TU, Hong-mei LIU, Lu-lu CAI, Qiang SUN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Lu-lu CAI, Qiang SUN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1308456106133582348, articleId=1308456102727807484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=超分子铁螯合藤黄酸靶向治疗急性髓系白血病的作用机制研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

急性髓系白血病(acute myeloid leukemia, AML) 具有病情急重、难控制、易复发等特点, 严重危害人们生命安全。由于AML复杂的微环境, 单一治疗方式或者针对单一靶点的治疗往往疗效有限。基于微环境特征和多机制协同的药物联合递送有望发挥更好的AML治疗作用。本文基于同源靶向和金属多酚配位策略构建了一种负载抗癌活性分子藤黄酸(gambogic acid, GA) 的超分子铁纳米粒(Fe-GA@CM), 并对其粒径、电位、释放性能进行了表征。进一步研究了该体系治疗AML的效果和作用机制。结果表明, 该体系平均粒径约270 nm, 表面呈正电荷; 其被AML细胞特异性摄取后, 可被肿瘤微环境中高浓度谷胱甘肽还原, 响应性释放出Fe2+和GA; Fe2+诱导AML细胞铁死亡, GA抑制AML细胞糖酵解, 从而实现对AML的联合治疗。综上所述, 本研究制备的Fe-GA@CM为AML的靶向联合治疗提供了新思路。

, authors=杨尚沁1, 2, 王静暄2, 3, 徐琦琦2, 3, 彭明杰2, 4, 吕亮亮1, 2, 涂柯蓉2, 3, 刘红梅2, 3, 蔡璐璐1, 2, 3, *, 孙强1, 2, 3, *, authorsList=杨尚沁, 王静暄, 徐琦琦, 彭明杰, 吕亮亮, 涂柯蓉, 刘红梅, 蔡璐璐, 孙强, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=蔡璐璐, 孙强, authorNote=

作者贡献:

杨尚沁负责完成实验和文章撰写; 王静暄、徐琦琦、彭明杰负责数据管理和文献修改; 吕亮亮、涂柯蓉、刘红梅负责文献资料收集; 蔡璐璐负责审校; 孙强负责审校、资金获取、监督和构思。

, correspAuthorsNote=
蔡璐璐, Tel: 17761261239, E-mail:
孙强, Tel: 18380455738, E-mail:
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2四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院药学部, 四川 成都 610072
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2Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People′s Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
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2四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院药学部, 四川 成都 610072
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The leukaemia stem cell: similarities, differences and clinical prospects in CML and AML [J]. Nat Rev Cancer, 2020, 20: 158-173., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308497454568407819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308456102727807484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Du WX, Xu AX, Huang YP, et al. The role of autophagy in targeted therapy for acute myeloid leukemia [J]. 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Biomaterials, 2025, 317: 123045., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308497446171411116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308456102727807484, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308497446175605421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308456102727807484, companyId=1308497446171411116, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308497446188188334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308456102727807484, companyId=1308497446171411116, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1西南医科大学药学院, 四川 泸州 646000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1308497446355960495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308456102727807484, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308497446385320624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308456102727807484, companyId=1308497446355960495, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People′s Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308497446397903537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308456102727807484, companyId=1308497446355960495, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院药学部, 四川 成都 610072)]), AuthorCompany(id=1308497446490178226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308456102727807484, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308497446502761139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308456102727807484, companyId=1308497446490178226, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308497446511149748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308456102727807484, companyId=1308497446490178226, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3电子科技大学医学院·个体化药物治疗四川省重点实验室, 四川 成都 610072)]), AuthorCompany(id=1308497446590841525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308456102727807484, xref=4, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308497446603424438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308456102727807484, companyId=1308497446590841525, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308497446616007351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308456102727807484, companyId=1308497446590841525, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4成都大学药学院, 四川 成都 610106)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1308497453213647610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308456102727807484, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=0/4G/TFcgFn+/gWdLN2ZPQ==, figureFileBig=uxaqFwfRrwjdvDVY/ULSFQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308497453301727995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308456102727807484, language=CN, label=Fig.1, caption=GA concentration standard curve. The drug loading rate of nanoparticles were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). GA: Gambogic acid, figureFileSmall=0/4G/TFcgFn+/gWdLN2ZPQ==, figureFileBig=uxaqFwfRrwjdvDVY/ULSFQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308497453398196988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308456102727807484, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=mnWbrnXNEDTldOXnz2XNHA==, figureFileBig=+vOM7+jcTC+rt5t0gjFC7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308497453469500157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308456102727807484, language=CN, label=Fig.2, caption=Characterization of Fe-GA@CM. A: The appearance and morphology of Fe3+, GA, Fe-GA, Fe-GA@CM; B: Results of SDS-PAGE gel-electrophoresis in different groups; C, D: Hydrodynamic diameter distribution and zeta potential of Fe-GA, Fe-GA@CM; E: UV-vis absorption spectra of FeCl3, GA, Fe-GA, Fe-GA@CM; F, G: Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of Fe-GA and Fe-GA@CM; H: Fe-GA@CM stability experiment; I, J: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) full spectrum of GA, Fe-GA, Fe-GA@CM, figureFileSmall=mnWbrnXNEDTldOXnz2XNHA==, figureFileBig=+vOM7+jcTC+rt5t0gjFC7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308497453536609022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308456102727807484, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=8PPk1H7uSxSz/q8Qh1ECFw==, figureFileBig=6+oXH+0IMNzRMSL5AYkPOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308497453607912191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308456102727807484, language=CN, label=Fig.3, caption=In vitro release ability of Fe-GA@CM in different condition. A: UV-vis absorption spectra of MB in different conditions; B: GA release from Fe-GA@CM in different pH and GSH levels; C: GA release from Fe-GA@CM in different GSH levels; D: Fe2+ release from Fe-GA@CM in different GSH levels. n = 3, x ± s. GSH: Glutathione, figureFileSmall=8PPk1H7uSxSz/q8Qh1ECFw==, figureFileBig=6+oXH+0IMNzRMSL5AYkPOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308497453662438144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308456102727807484, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=lEdw8UnzF7KOMi/+s0TWjQ==, figureFileBig=UazJHdhKwedoJKWS6rxPZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308497453733741313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308456102727807484, language=CN, label=Fig.4, caption=In vitro anti-tumor properties of Fe-GA@CM. A, B: Flow cytometry and statistical data on the uptake of Dil, Fe-Dil, Fe-Dil@CM by HL-60 cells; C: Viability of HL-60 cells treated with Fe3+, GA, Fe-GA, Fe-GA@CM; D: Live/dead staining images of HL-60 cells. Scale bar: 50 µm. n = 3, x ± s. ***P < 0.001, figureFileSmall=lEdw8UnzF7KOMi/+s0TWjQ==, figureFileBig=UazJHdhKwedoJKWS6rxPZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308497453834404610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308456102727807484, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=WOl6uq54uleLFs1Va2+WJA==, figureFileBig=rzBXQ+sAUHXhsL+MQePvZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308497453897319171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308456102727807484, language=CN, label=Fig.5, caption=Mechanistic exploration of cell death. A: Flow cytometry data on cell apoptosis in HL-60 cells after different treatments; B: Fluorescence image of HL-60 cells with reactive oxygen species (ROS) after various treatments. Scale bar: 50 µm; C: Flow cytometry data of membrane potential of HL-60 cells after different treatments; D: Statistical data of apoptotic flow cytometry; E: ROS fluorescence statistical data; F: Flow cytometry statistical data of membrane potential. n = 3, x ± s.***P < 0.001. ns: P > 0.05, figureFileSmall=WOl6uq54uleLFs1Va2+WJA==, figureFileBig=rzBXQ+sAUHXhsL+MQePvZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308497453968622340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308456102727807484, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=vM/KKxxEGvpVVSZLDPN/ng==, figureFileBig=RS/9LM3wJc+S8TPnsNtbQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308497454035731205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308456102727807484, language=CN, label=Fig.6, caption=Glycolysis related indicators of HL-60 cells after different treatments. A, B: The levels of glucose, lactic acid treated with FeCl3, GA, Fe-GA and Fe-GA@CM; C: Western blot experimental results for HK2, PKM2, and GLUT1 proteins. n = 3, x ± s. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, figureFileSmall=vM/KKxxEGvpVVSZLDPN/ng==, figureFileBig=RS/9LM3wJc+S8TPnsNtbQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308497454128005894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308456102727807484, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=eXiI5nyhau1QeCJrkoz5Dw==, figureFileBig=7OvEGy/+Sm+Ip4CW6Q19cw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308497454195114759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308456102727807484, language=CN, label=Fig.7, caption=Ferroptosis related indicators of HL-60 cells after different treatments. A-C: The levels of MDA, GSH, and Fe2+ treated with FeCl3, GA, Fe-GA and Fe-GA@CM; D, E: LPO staining images and quantitative analysis of HL-60 cells. Scale bar: 50 µm; F: Western blot experimental results for SLC7A11, FTH1, and GPX4 proteins. n = 3, x ± s. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. MDA: Malondialdehyde; LPO: Lipid peroxidation, figureFileSmall=eXiI5nyhau1QeCJrkoz5Dw==, figureFileBig=7OvEGy/+Sm+Ip4CW6Q19cw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308497454262223624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308456102727807484, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GA∶FeCl3Size/nmPDIZeta potential/mVLoading rate/%
1∶4141.90 ± 5.500.12 ± 0.04+50.11 ± 5.820.52 ± 0.03
1∶3111.57 ± 4.630.19 ± 0.05+60.22 ± 3.403.63 ± 0.38
1∶2102.32 ± 3.080.09 ± 0.07+62.38 ± 2.649.83 ± 0.73
1∶1104.45 ± 3.560.07 ± 0.01+55.71 ± 2.675.45 ± 0.38
2∶1107.62 ± 3.460.12 ± 0.08+49.18 ± 2.143.25 ± 0.19
3∶1115.64 ± 3.320.06 ± 0.05+42.66 ± 2.533.15 ± 0.17
), ArticleFig(id=1308497454337721097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308456102727807484, language=CN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Size, PDI, zeta potential and loading rate of different proportions. PDI: Polydispersity index. n = 3, x ± s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GA∶FeCl3Size/nmPDIZeta potential/mVLoading rate/%
1∶4141.90 ± 5.500.12 ± 0.04+50.11 ± 5.820.52 ± 0.03
1∶3111.57 ± 4.630.19 ± 0.05+60.22 ± 3.403.63 ± 0.38
1∶2102.32 ± 3.080.09 ± 0.07+62.38 ± 2.649.83 ± 0.73
1∶1104.45 ± 3.560.07 ± 0.01+55.71 ± 2.675.45 ± 0.38
2∶1107.62 ± 3.460.12 ± 0.08+49.18 ± 2.143.25 ± 0.19
3∶1115.64 ± 3.320.06 ± 0.05+42.66 ± 2.533.15 ± 0.17
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超分子铁螯合藤黄酸靶向治疗急性髓系白血病的作用机制研究
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杨尚沁 1, 2 , 王静暄 2, 3 , 徐琦琦 2, 3 , 彭明杰 2, 4 , 吕亮亮 1, 2 , 涂柯蓉 2, 3 , 刘红梅 2, 3 , 蔡璐璐 1, 2, 3, * , 孙强 1, 2, 3, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2025,60(6): 1920-1929
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药学学报 |研究论文 2025 , 60 (6) : 1920 -1929
超分子铁螯合藤黄酸靶向治疗急性髓系白血病的作用机制研究
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杨尚沁1, 2, 王静暄2, 3, 徐琦琦2, 3, 彭明杰2, 4, 吕亮亮1, 2, 涂柯蓉2, 3, 刘红梅2, 3, 蔡璐璐1, 2, 3, * , 孙强1, 2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1西南医科大学药学院, 四川 泸州 646000
  • 2四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院药学部, 四川 成都 610072
  • 3电子科技大学医学院·个体化药物治疗四川省重点实验室, 四川 成都 610072
  • 4成都大学药学院, 四川 成都 610106
通讯作者:
蔡璐璐, Tel: 17761261239, E-mail:
孙强, Tel: 18380455738, E-mail:
作者简介:

作者贡献:

杨尚沁负责完成实验和文章撰写; 王静暄、徐琦琦、彭明杰负责数据管理和文献修改; 吕亮亮、涂柯蓉、刘红梅负责文献资料收集; 蔡璐璐负责审校; 孙强负责审校、资金获取、监督和构思。

Study on the effect and mechanism of targeted therapy acute myeloid leukemia with supramolecular iron nano gambogic acid
Shang-qin YANG1, 2, Jing-xuan WANG2, 3, Qi-qi XU2, 3, Ming-jie PENG2, 4, Liang-liang LÜ1, 2, Ke-rong TU2, 3, Hong-mei LIU2, 3, Lu-lu CAI1, 2, 3, * , Qiang SUN1, 2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
  • 2Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People′s Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
  • 3Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
  • 4College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
出版时间: 2025-06-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0392
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急性髓系白血病(acute myeloid leukemia, AML) 具有病情急重、难控制、易复发等特点, 严重危害人们生命安全。由于AML复杂的微环境, 单一治疗方式或者针对单一靶点的治疗往往疗效有限。基于微环境特征和多机制协同的药物联合递送有望发挥更好的AML治疗作用。本文基于同源靶向和金属多酚配位策略构建了一种负载抗癌活性分子藤黄酸(gambogic acid, GA) 的超分子铁纳米粒(Fe-GA@CM), 并对其粒径、电位、释放性能进行了表征。进一步研究了该体系治疗AML的效果和作用机制。结果表明, 该体系平均粒径约270 nm, 表面呈正电荷; 其被AML细胞特异性摄取后, 可被肿瘤微环境中高浓度谷胱甘肽还原, 响应性释放出Fe2+和GA; Fe2+诱导AML细胞铁死亡, GA抑制AML细胞糖酵解, 从而实现对AML的联合治疗。综上所述, 本研究制备的Fe-GA@CM为AML的靶向联合治疗提供了新思路。

急性髓系白血病  /  藤黄酸  /  金属多酚配位  /  铁死亡  /  糖酵解

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), characterized by rapid progression, therapeutic resistance, and high relapse rates, remains a critical threat to patient survival. The complex leukemic microenvironment often diminishes the efficacy of conventional monotherapies and single-target approaches. Drug delivery strategies based on microenvironment characteristics and multi-mechanism synergy are expected to have better therapeutic effects on AML. Therefore, we developed a biomimetic supramolecular nanoparticle (Fe-GA@CM) through homologous targeting strategy and metal-polyphenol coordination for co-delivery of gambogic acid (GA) and Fe3+. The particle size, zeta potential, and release performance of the system were characterized. Furthermore, the efficacy and mechanism of action of this system in treating AML was explored. The results showed that the particle size of the nano system was approximately 270 nm and positively charged. After being specifically taken up by AML cells, it is reduced by high concentrations of glutathione in the tumor microenvironment and released Fe2+ and GA in a responsive manner. The combination therapy for AML is achieved by inducing ferroptosis with Fe2+ and inhibiting glycolysis in AML cells with GA. In summary, the formulated Fe-GA@CM provides novel ideas for targeted therapy and combination therapy for AML.

acute myeloid leukemia  /  gambogic acid  /  metal-polyphenol coordination  /  ferroptosis  /  glycolysis
杨尚沁, 王静暄, 徐琦琦, 彭明杰, 吕亮亮, 涂柯蓉, 刘红梅, 蔡璐璐, 孙强. 超分子铁螯合藤黄酸靶向治疗急性髓系白血病的作用机制研究. 药学学报, 2025 , 60 (6) : 1920 -1929 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0392
Shang-qin YANG, Jing-xuan WANG, Qi-qi XU, Ming-jie PENG, Liang-liang LÜ, Ke-rong TU, Hong-mei LIU, Lu-lu CAI, Qiang SUN. Study on the effect and mechanism of targeted therapy acute myeloid leukemia with supramolecular iron nano gambogic acid[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2025 , 60 (6) : 1920 -1929 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0392
急性髓系白血病(acute myeloid leukemia, AML) 是一种常见的血液系统恶性肿瘤, 以髓系白血病细胞异常增生及正常造血细胞受抑制为主要表现, 通常呈现高度异质性[1]。AML具有病情急重、难控制、易复发、预后凶险等临床特点, 严重威胁人类的健康和生命安全[2]。临床上, AML主要是通过化疗、靶向治疗和免疫疗法进行干预, 然而, 由于自身的高度异质性, 以及化疗药物的耐药性和严重的不良反应, AML患者仍面临易复发和难控制等严峻挑战[3]。因此, 寻找高效低毒的AML治疗方法, 仍是临床的迫切需求。
铁死亡作为一种铁依赖性的细胞程序性死亡方式, 近年来研究显示铁死亡能有效地抑制AML细胞生长, 因此靶向铁死亡有望成为AML治疗的潜在策略[4]。研究发现, 由于AML细胞主要利用糖酵解来满足快速增加的生物能量需求, AML细胞对铁死亡的敏感性受到糖酵解的调控[5]。活跃的糖酵解伴随着过量乳酸的产生, 高浓度的乳酸导致肿瘤微环境的酸化, 从而增强抗氧化酶活性、减少游离铁蓄积、激活SLC7A11通路等多重机制, 提升AML细胞对脂质过氧化的清除能力, 最终降低了AML细胞对铁死亡的敏感性[6, 7]。因此, 通过抑制肿瘤细胞糖酵解逆转肿瘤细胞对铁死亡的抗性, 可能提高对AML的疗效。
藤黄(Gamboge) 作为传统中药, 《本草纲目拾遗》记载其具有“破毒散结”功效, 现代研究证实其提取物具有显著抗肿瘤活性。藤黄酸(gambogic acid, GA) 是从藤黄中提取的天然化合物, 可通过多条信号途径, 包括抑制肿瘤细胞糖酵解来抑制肿瘤细胞生长[8, 9], 若与含铁化合物联用, 有望达到促进AML铁死亡的效果。作者前期研究发现, GA的活性羟基可与三价铁离子(Fe3+) 配位形成水溶性超分子螯合物(Fe-GA), 一方面可解决GA的水溶性差[10]的问题, 另一方面还可能达到协同增效的作用。为了进一步增强Fe-GA的生物相容性和病灶靶向性, 本研究将AML癌细胞膜(cell membrane, CM) 包覆Fe-GA, 利用同源靶向性引导药物精准到达肿瘤病灶。AML微环境中高浓度的谷胱甘肽(glutathione, GSH) 可以还原Fe3+, 破坏螯合物结构, 从而实现Fe2+和GA的响应释放。这种基于同源靶向和金属多酚配位策略制备的超分子铁螯合藤黄酸(Fe-GA@CM), 不仅有助于增强靶向递送效率与治疗效果, 还能减少药物在正常组织中的分布, 降低毒副作用[11], 有望为AML的临床治疗带来新的希望。
试剂  六水合三氯化铁(FeCl3·6H2O, 批号A2304502, 上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司); GA (批号20220304, 上海源叶生物科技有限公司); 500 Da纤维素透析袋购自上海源叶生物科技有限公司; IMDM培养基、青/链霉素(P/S)、胎牛血清(FBS) 购自美国Gibco公司; CCK-8试剂盒购自白鲨生物有限公司; 凋亡试剂盒、活性氧(ROS) 试剂盒购自凯基生物有限公司; 丙二醛(MDA) 试剂盒(批号20250211, 南京建成科技有限公司); GSH试剂盒(批号A060B250102)、Fe2+试剂盒、JC-1试剂盒、脂质过氧化(LPO) 试剂盒、葡萄糖试剂盒、乳酸试剂盒购自碧云天生物有限公司; GAPDH一抗(兔源)、SLC7A11一抗(兔源)、GPX4一抗(兔源)、FTH1一抗(兔源) 购自武汉爱博泰克生物科技有限公司; HK2一抗(兔源)、PKM2 (鼠源)、GLUT1一抗(兔源) 购自武汉三鹰生物技术有限公司。
仪器  电子分析天平(XSR205DU, 瑞士梅特勒-托利多公司); 超纯水机(i-Pure Pro2, 杭州泽南科技有限公司); 纳米粒径及zeta电位分析仪(Litesizer 500, 奥地利Anton Paar公司); 扫描电子显微镜(Sigma 360, 德国蔡司公司); 高效液相色谱仪(e2695-PDA 2995, 美国Waters公司); 多功能酶标仪(SpectraMax iD5, 美国Molecular Devices公司); 流式细胞分析仪(NovoCyte, 美国Agilent公司)。
细胞培养  人源AML细胞HL-60购自中国科学院。HL-60细胞用含1% P/S和10% FBS的IMDM培养基在37 ℃、5% CO2饱和湿度的培养箱中培养, 每1~2天换液, 当细胞生长至约80%~90%时, 离心收集细胞, 按1∶3进行传代。
HL-60细胞膜的提取  首先培养大量HL-60细胞, 离心收集细胞, PBS清洗两次。采取低渗裂解法提取细胞膜, 加入2~3 mL低渗裂解液。将细胞悬液放入液氮反复冻融5次, 每次5 min, 收集细胞裂解液, 于700 ×g离心10 min, 收集上清。12 000 ×g离心30 min收集沉淀即得HL-60细胞膜。加入2 mL PBS重悬细胞膜, 通过BCA法检测细胞膜浓度。
HPLC测定GA方法的建立  高效液相色谱(performance liquid chromatography, HPLC) 的色谱柱选择反相C18柱, 检测波长分别为288和360 nm, 流动相为乙腈-甲醇-0.1%醋酸水溶液(25∶55∶20, v/v/v), 流速1.0 mL·min-1, 柱温35 ℃, 进样量10 µL。称取GA 2 mg, 加入适量甲醇充分溶解, 摇匀, 得质量浓度为2 mg·mL-1的母液。配制质量浓度分别为0.031 25、0.062 5、0.125、0.25、0.5、1和2 mg·mL-1的GA溶液, 测定检测波长处的峰面积(A), 并以A为纵坐标, 质量浓度(C, mg·mL-1) 为横坐标绘制标准曲线图, 计算回归方程。
Fe-GA的制备  预实验发现, 影响Fe-GA负载率的主要因素是GA和Fe3+的摩尔比, 因此选取不同比例的GA和Fe3+ (1∶4、1∶3、1∶2、1∶1、2∶1、3∶1) 进行筛选。分别称取处方量的GA, 加入2 mL无水乙醇溶解, 处方量的FeCl3, 加入10 mL去离子水溶解, 将GA加入FeCl3溶液中, 常温搅拌1.5 h后, 40 ℃旋蒸去除乙醇, 12 000 r·min-1离心30 min, 离心3次去除未负载的GA。接着在透析袋中用去离子水透析纯化48 h, 除去未反应的Fe3+, 得到Fe-GA。以粒径、多分散指数(polydispersity index, PDI)、zeta电位以及负载率为指标筛选最佳比例。使用纳米粒径及zeta电位分析仪测定Fe-GA的粒径、PDI及zeta电位; 扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope, SEM) 观察其形态; 使用紫外分光光度计、X射线光电子能谱(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS)、X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction, XRD) 解析其结构。利用HPLC检测Fe-GA的负载率。
Fe-GA@CM的制备及表征  将HL-60细胞膜于4 ℃超声分散(60 W, 每工作3 s停2 s, 3 min), 与上述制得的Fe-GA按1∶1 (WGA/W总蛋白) 混合, 4 ℃超声3 min (60 W, 每工作3 s停2 s), 即得Fe-GA@CM纳米粒, 4 ℃保存备用。使用纳米粒径及zeta电位分析仪测定Fe-GA@CM的粒径、PDI及zeta电位; SEM观察其形态; 使用紫外分光光度计、XPS、XRD解析其结构; 利用HPLC检测Fe-GA@CM的负载率。
体外GSH响应性研究  通过亚甲基蓝(methylene blue, MB) 为指示剂检测Fe-GA@CM响应GSH的性能。配制pH为7.4的PBS缓冲溶液、MB (200 μg·mL-1) 检测液、H2O2 (40 mmol·L-1) 储备液和Fe-GA@CM的PBS缓冲溶液。根据实验方案测试MB在665 nm处吸光度值的变化来评估Fe-GA@CM的GSH响应性能。
体外药物释放评价  采用透析法检测体外药物释放特性。取1 mg·mL-1 Fe-GA@CM 1 mL于500 Da透析袋中, 透析袋外液为含有9 mL的0.5% Tween 80的PBS缓冲液(pH = 7.4、5.5或GSH = 1、2、5、10 mmol·L-1)。透析容器置于磁力搅拌器上, 恒温37 ℃下搅拌。分别在预设的时间点1、2、4、6、8、10、12、24、48、72 h取1 mL释放外液, 并补充等体积的新鲜介质, 通过紫外分光光度计检测释放液中GA与Fe2+的浓度, 计算累积释放率。
细胞靶向性评价  使用荧光分子Dil代替药物GA制备Fe-Dil和Fe-Dil@CM后, 收集状态良好的HL-60细胞, 配制每毫升2×104个细胞的混悬液, 取0.5 mL接种于24孔板中, 培养24 h后, 用新鲜IMDM培养基分别配制含100 ng·mL-1 Dil的Fe-Dil及Fe-Dil@CM溶液并加入细胞中, 在细胞培养箱中继续孵育, 分别于给药1、2、4、6、8、10、12、24 h后收集细胞, 1 200 r·pm-1离心3 min, 再用PBS清洗2次, 最后将细胞重悬于0.5 mL的PBS中, 流式细胞仪检测Dil的荧光信号。
细胞毒性实验  CCK-8法: 收集生长状态良好的HL-60细胞, 配制每毫升3×105个细胞的混悬液, 取100 μL接种在96孔板中, 用新鲜培养基稀释系列浓度的FeCl3、GA、Fe-GA、Fe-GA@CM溶液并向孔中加入100 μL, 在细胞培养箱中继续培养24 h后, 每孔加入20 µL CCK-8测试液, 在细胞培养箱中继续孵育约2 h, 然后用多功能酶标仪测定450 nm处的吸光度值, 计算细胞存活率。
细胞活死染色实验  活死细胞染色法: 收集状态良好的HL-60细胞, 配制每毫升2×105个细胞的混悬液, 取0.5 mL接种于24孔板中并培养约24 h, 用新鲜IMDM培养基配制相应的FeCl3 (10 μg·mL-1)、GA (0.5 μg·mL-1)、Fe-GA (0.5 μg·mL-1)、Fe-GA@CM (0.5 μg·mL-1) 溶液, 并向孔板加入0.5 mL含药培养基, 在细胞培养箱中继续培养24 h, 收集细胞, PBS清洗2次, 向孔中加入0.5 mL Calcein AM/PI细胞活性与细胞毒性检测工作液, 37 ℃避光孵育30 min, 在荧光显微镜下观察。
细胞凋亡实验  流式分析: 收集状态良好的HL-60细胞, 配制每毫升2×105个细胞的混悬液, 取0.5 mL接种于24孔板中并培养约24 h, 用新鲜IMDM培养基配制相应的FeCl3 (10 μg·mL-1)、GA (0.5 μg·mL-1)、Fe-GA (0.5 μg·mL-1)、Fe-GA@CM (0.5 μg·mL-1) 溶液, 并向孔板加入0.5 mL含药培养基, 在细胞培养箱中继续培养24 h, 收集细胞, PBS清洗2次, 然后用1×Binding Buffer重悬使细胞浓度为每毫升1×106个细胞。取100 µL细胞悬液转移到流式管中, 每管加入400 µL含5 µL FITC Annexin V和5 µL PI的1×Binding Buffer并混匀, 室温避光孵育15 min, 置于冰上暂存, 1 h内用流式细胞仪分析。
细胞ROS检测  荧光显微镜分析: 收集状态良好的HL-60细胞, 配制每毫升2×105个细胞的混悬液, 取0.5 mL接种于24孔板中并培养约24 h, 用新鲜IMDM培养基配制相应的FeCl3 (10 μg·mL-1)、GA (0.5 μg·mL-1)、Fe-GA (0.5 μg·mL-1)、Fe-GA@CM (0.5 μg·mL-1) 溶液, 并向孔板加入0.5 mL含药培养基, 在细胞培养箱中继续培养12 h, 收集细胞, PBS清洗2次, 加入0.5 mL浓度为10 µmol·L-1的DCFH-DA探针, 37 ℃避光孵育20 min, PBS洗涤3次, 随后在荧光显微镜下观察。
细胞线粒体膜电位检测  流式分析: 收集状态良好的HL-60细胞, 配制每毫升2×105个细胞的混悬液, 取0.5 mL接种于24孔板中并培养约24 h, 用新鲜IMDM培养基配制相应的FeCl3 (10 μg·mL-1)、GA (0.5 μg·mL-1)、Fe-GA (0.5 μg·mL-1)、Fe-GA@CM (0.5 μg·mL-1) 溶液, 并向孔板加入0.5 mL含药培养基, 在细胞培养箱中继续培养12 h, 收集细胞, PBS清洗2次, 加入0.5 mL JC-1探针, 37 ℃避光孵育20 min, PBS洗涤3次并使用流式细胞仪检测。
糖酵解生化指标检测  收集状态良好的HL-60细胞, 配制每毫升2×105个细胞的混悬液, 取0.5 mL接种于24孔板中并培养约24 h, 用新鲜IMDM培养基配制相应的FeCl3 (10 μg·mL-1)、GA (0.5 μg·mL-1)、Fe-GA (0.5 μg·mL-1)、Fe-GA@CM (0.5 μg·mL-1) 溶液, 并向孔板加入0.5 mL含药培养基, 在细胞培养箱中继续培养24 h, 收集细胞, PBS清洗2次。每个样品加入200 μL裂解液。用移液器吹打数次, 使裂解液与细胞充分接触, 充分裂解后, 12 000 ×g离心5 min, 取上清检测葡萄糖和乳酸含量。
糖酵解相关蛋白表达水平检测  Western blot实验: 给药后收集细胞, PBS洗3次, 加入裂解液裂解细胞, 加入上样缓冲液, 100 ℃加热15 min制备蛋白样品; 配制10%的SDS-PAGE凝胶, 每孔上样10 μL蛋白样品, 90 V电泳30 min后, 120 V电泳90 min; 400 mA转膜60 min; 使用5%牛血清白蛋白室温封闭90 min; 加入相应一抗, 4 ℃孵育过夜; 回收一抗, TBST洗膜3次, 加入二抗孵育90 min, 回收二抗, TBST洗膜3次; 加入ECL化学发光液显色成像, 使用Image J对目标蛋白HK2、PKM2、GLUT1进行分析。
铁死亡生化指标检测  收集状态良好的HL-60细胞, 配制每毫升2×105个细胞的混悬液, 取0.5 mL接种于24孔板中并培养约24 h, 用新鲜IMDM培养基配制相应的FeCl3 (10 μg·mL-1)、GA (0.5 μg·mL-1)、Fe-GA (0.5 μg·mL-1)、Fe-GA@CM (0.5 μg·mL-1) 溶液, 并向孔板加入0.5 mL含药培养基, 在细胞培养箱中继续培养12 h, 收集细胞, PBS清洗2次后检测MDA、Fe2+、GSH、LPO的水平。
铁死亡相关蛋白表达水平  按照以上方式培养细胞, 给药后收集细胞, PBS洗3次, 加入裂解液裂解细胞, 加入上样缓冲液, 100 ℃加热15 min制备蛋白样品; 配制10%的SDS-PAGE凝胶, 每孔上样10 μL蛋白样品, 90 V电泳30 min后, 120 V电泳90 min; 400 mA转膜60 min; 使用5%牛血清白蛋白室温封闭90 min; 加入相应一抗, 4 ℃孵育过夜; 回收一抗, TBST洗膜3次, 加入二抗孵育90 min, 回收二抗, TBST洗膜3次; 加入ECL化学发光液显色成像, 使用Image J对目标蛋白SLC7A11、FTH1、GPX4进行分析。
统计学方法  本研究使用GraphPad Prism 10对数据进行统计分析, 结果以平均值±标准差(x ± s) 表示, 采用one-way ANOVA分析各组数据间的差异, P < 0.05表示各组数据间的差异具有统计学意义。
得到的GA质量浓度(0.031 25~2 mg·mL-1)-峰面积标准曲线(图1)。线性关系式为y = 10 458x + 249.2, R2 = 0.995 5。
将不同比例的FeCl3与GA通过物理搅拌法制备Fe-GA, 并考察Fe-GA的粒径、电位、PDI、负载率的情况以筛选出最佳比例(表1)。当GA∶FeCl3为1∶2时, 其粒径最小为102.32 ± 3.08 nm, 电位最大为62.38 ± 2.64 mV, 负载率最大为(9.83 ± 0.73)%, 因此制备Fe-GA的最佳摩尔比为1∶2。
利用超声法成功制备Fe-GA@CM, 在形态学方面, FeCl3为浅黄色、GA为黄色、Fe-GA为深黄色, Fe-GA@CM为浅棕色(图2A)。此外, 根据SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳结果显示(图2B), Fe-GA@CM与CM均有相似的蛋白图谱, 而Fe-GA未见类似图谱。纳米粒径及zeta电位分析结果如图2C、D所示, Fe-GA平均粒径为102.32 ± 3.08 nm, 细胞膜包覆后Fe-GA@CM平均粒径为271.87 ± 26.95 nm, Fe-GA平均电位为+(62.38 ± 2.64) mV, 细胞膜的平均电位为-(57.16 ± 0.36) mV, 包膜后Fe-GA@CM的电位降低为+(17.82 ± 1.18) mV。紫外可见吸收光谱结果显示, GA和Fe-GA在280 nm处呈现明显的吸收峰, GA在360 nm处有吸收峰, Fe-GA在360 nm处无明显吸收峰, 提示Fe-GA成功螯合(图2E)。SEM结果显示Fe-GA表面光滑、轮廓清晰, 而Fe-GA@CM粒径略微增大, 呈带晕类球形, 周围分布有类膜结构(图2F、G), 以上结果提示细胞膜成功包覆Fe-GA。稳定性实验结果显示, Fe-GA@CM在10天内粒径无明显波动(图2H), 说明Fe-GA@CM具有较好的稳定性。XPS结果如图2I所示, Fe-GA和Fe-GA@CM中Fe为Fe3+。XRD结果如图2J所示, GA未观察到明显的衍射峰, 表明其以无定形状态存在, Fe-GA和Fe-GA@CM呈现多个特征衍射峰, 可能以结晶态形式存在。
利用MB为指示剂证实了Fe-GA@CM的GSH响应性, 结果如图3A所示。MB组、MB + H2O2组、Fe-GA@CM + MB + H2O2组, 在665 nm处的吸收峰无明显变化, Fe-GA@CM + MB + H2O2 + GSH组在665 nm处吸收峰降低, 说明Fe-GA@CM在GSH环境下还原释放出Fe2+, Fe2+与H2O2反应释放出ROS使MB降解, 导致吸收峰降低, 最终证明了Fe-GA@CM具有GSH响应性。
采用透析法检测体外药物释放特性。Fe-GA@CM在pH = 5.4和7.4条件下释放曲线无明显变化, 在GSH浓度为10 mmol·L-1条件下, GA与Fe2+释放显著加快, 24 h累计释放率分别达到80%和90% (图3B); 随着GSH浓度升高, GA与Fe2+释放效率逐渐加快(图3C、D)。
使用流式细胞仪定量检测HL-60细胞对Dil、Fe-Dil、Fe-Di@CM摄取情况, Fe-Dil@CM组8 h对药物摄取率远远高于Dil组和Fe-Dil组, 是Dil组的5.3倍, Fe-Dil组的5.4倍, 而Dil组和Fe-Dil组无明显差异(图4A、B), 说明Fe-Di@CM具有较强的细胞靶向性。
药物对细胞的作用效果最直接的反应是细胞存活率。通过检测不同制剂对AML细胞存活率的影响来评估各组制剂的抗肿瘤效果。FeCl3、GA和Fe-GA、Fe-GA@CM对HL-60细胞增殖的抑制作用均表现出剂量依赖性, 且Fe-GA@CM的细胞抑制作用最强, 其半数抑制浓度(IC50) 为0.36 ± 0.07 μg·mL-1。GA组IC50值为0.81 ± 0.25 μg·mL-1, Fe-GA组IC50值为0.64 ± 0.19 μg·mL-1 (图4C)。在各个浓度梯度下, Fe-GA@CM组的细胞存活率皆低于Fe-GA组, 说明Fe-GA@CM增强了Fe-GA的细胞增殖抑制作用, 可能是由于细胞对Fe-GA@CM摄取增加。
通过Calcein AM/PI细胞活性与细胞毒性检测试剂盒进一步分析对HL-60细胞的细胞毒作用。与control组相比, FeCl3未造成明显的细胞死亡, GA组具有较弱的细胞毒性作用, Fe-GA组显著促进了细胞的死亡(图4D), 表明了Fe3+和GA协同抗肿瘤作用。此外, Fe-GA@CM组红色荧光最强, 表明其细胞毒性最强。
通过流式细胞术分析HL-60细胞的凋亡情况, 结果如图5A、D所示。Control组细胞凋亡率为(4.84 ± 0.36)%, FeCl3组为(5.38 ± 0.28)%, 与control组无显著差异, GA组为(13.87 ± 1.72)%, Fe-GA组增至(23.24 ± 2.65)%, Fe-GA@CM组的细胞凋亡率最高, 为(53.61 ± 4.32)%, 是control组的13.1倍, 说明Fe-GA@CM能显著诱导HL-60细胞凋亡。
通过荧光显微镜分析HL-60细胞内ROS变化情况, 结果如图5B、E所示, FeCl3和GA仅能产生较少的ROS, Fe-GA明显地增加HL-60细胞内ROS水平, 相比于Fe-GA, Fe-GA@CM处理后ROS水平进一步升高。
通过流式细胞术分析HL-60细胞的线粒体膜电位变化情况, 结果如图5C、F所示, Fe-GA@CM能够显著降低HL-60细胞线粒体膜电位, 提示细胞线粒体功能可能受到损伤。
葡萄糖是糖酵解的起始底物, 在该过程中发挥着核心作用, 乳酸作为糖酵解在特定条件下的产物, 因此通过检测细胞中葡萄糖和乳酸的水平来评估细胞糖酵解情况。Fe-GA@CM组细胞内葡萄糖浓度最大, 是Fe-GA组的1.1倍, 是control组的3.3倍(图6A); Fe-GA@CM组能显著减少细胞内乳酸的积累, 其乳酸浓度是control组的32% (图6B)。说明Fe-GA@CM能够显著抑制HL-60细胞糖酵解, 进而减少代谢产物乳酸的积累。
通过Western blot实验检测糖酵解相关蛋白表达情况, 相比于control组, Fe-GA@CM组能够显著抑制糖酵解相关蛋白HK2、PKM2、GLUT1的表达(图6C)。从蛋白水平上证实了Fe-GA@CM能够显著抑制HL-60细胞糖酵解。
在铁死亡细胞中, 通常表现为MDA、Fe2+和LPO水平的上升, GSH水平的降低, 因此对上述铁死亡关键生化指标进行了检测, 结果如图7A~E所示。相比于control组, Fe-GA组细胞内MDA、Fe2+和LPO浓度明显上升, 其中Fe-GA@CM组细胞内MDA、Fe2+和LPO浓度最高。与此同时, 相比于control组, Fe-GA@CM组细胞内GSH浓度明显降低。说明Fe-GA@CM能强烈诱导HL-60细胞发生铁死亡。
通过Western blot实验检测铁死亡相关蛋白表达情况, 相比于control组, Fe-GA组和Fe-GA@CM组显著降低了铁死亡相关蛋白SLC7A11、FTH1、GPX4的表达(图7F)。从蛋白水平上证实了Fe-GA@CM能够显著诱导细胞发生铁死亡。
本研究基于同源靶向和金属多酚配位策略成功构建了超分子铁螯合藤黄酸纳米粒Fe-GA@CM, 靶向递送Fe3+和GA至AML细胞。一方面, 当Fe-GA@CM通过同源靶向进入AML细胞时, 在肿瘤微环境高浓度GSH下, 被还原并释放出Fe2+和GA, Fe2+诱导了细胞铁死亡的发生; 另一方面, GA能够通过抑制AML细胞的糖酵解降低葡萄糖水平, 减少乳酸的生成, 缓解肿瘤酸性微环境, 进而逆转肿瘤细胞对铁死亡的抗性, 实现AML的联合治疗。总体来说, 本研究制备的Fe-GA@CM超分子螯合递药体系相比于Fe-GA, 靶向能力提高了5.4倍, 对AML细胞抑制率提升了1.8倍, 具有优异的抗AML效果。因此本研究可能为AML的治疗提供了一种新的思路和方法。

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2025年第60卷第6期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0392
  • 接收时间:2025-04-09
  • 首发时间:2026-09-20
  • 出版时间:2025-06-12
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-09
  • 修回日期:2025-05-16
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    1西南医科大学药学院, 四川 泸州 646000
    2四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院药学部, 四川 成都 610072
    3电子科技大学医学院·个体化药物治疗四川省重点实验室, 四川 成都 610072
    4成都大学药学院, 四川 成都 610106

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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genus
种数
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species
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属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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