Article(id=1308455674975908117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308455539181114200, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0073, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1737302400000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-20, revisedDate=1741449600000, revisedDateStr=2025-03-09, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789889742845, onlineDateStr=2026-09-20, pubDate=1752249600000, pubDateStr=2025-07-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789889742845, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789889742845, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789889742845, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1308455539181114200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2025', volume='60', issue='7', pageStart='1965', pageEnd='2374', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1752249600000', pubDateStr='2025-07-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789889710469, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789895523604, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1308479921307807825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308455539181114200, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1308479921307807826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308455539181114200, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2024, endPage=2034, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1308455675303063830, articleId=1308455674975908117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Structural elucidation of the O-antigen from enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strain EPEC080, columnId=1308455542700135265, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Special Reports: Research progress and development trend of carbohydrate-based vaccines, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

O-Antigens is the outermost component of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Their structural complexity and diversity are essential for bacterial immune evasion, pathogenicity, and bacteria-host interactions. In this study, the O-antigen of lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli strain EPEC080 was extracted and purified. The chemical structure of the O-antigen was determined by a combination of various analytical methods, including molecular weight determination, monosaccharide composition analysis, infrared spectrum and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The O-antigen with an average molecular weight of 14.3 kDa was determined to consist of a pentasaccharide repeating unit: →4)-[α-D-GalpNAc-(1→3)]-α-L-Rhap-(1→2)-[β-D-GalpNAc-(1→3)]-α-L-Rhap-(1→2)-α-L-Rhap-(1→. Notably, this structure is different from those of known E. coli LPS O-antigens, indicating that strain EPEC080 represents a novel E. coli serotype. The structural identification of this O-antigen provides a foundation for further investigation of the pathogenesis of enteropathogenic E. coli and development of prophylaxis and treatment methods against the related diseases.

, authors=Xin-tong HAN1, 4, Chun-jun QIN1, 4, Guang-zong TIAN1, 4, Xiao-peng ZOU1, 4, Xi GUO5, Jing HU2, 4, *, Jian YIN1, 3, 4, *, authorsList=Xin-tong HAN, Chun-jun QIN, Guang-zong TIAN, Xiao-peng ZOU, Xi GUO, Jing HU, Jian YIN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jing HU, Jian YIN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1308455679484784934, articleId=1308455674975908117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=肠致病性大肠杆菌EPEC080菌株O-抗原的结构鉴定, columnId=1308455542851130211, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=专题报道: 糖疫苗的研究进展与发展趋势, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

O-抗原是细菌脂多糖最外层的组成部分, 其结构的复杂性与多样性对细菌的免疫逃逸、致病性及宿主相互作用具有重要影响。本研究开展了肠源性大肠杆菌EPEC080菌株脂多糖O-抗原的提取纯化。通过分子量测定、单糖组分分析、红外光谱分析以及核磁共振谱分析完成了该细菌脂多糖O-抗原化学结构的解析。该O-抗原的平均分子量为14.3 kDa, 由五糖重复单元→4)-[α-D-GalpNAc-(1→3)]-α-L-Rhap-(1→2)-[β-D-GalpNAc-(1→3)]-α-L-Rhap-(1→2)-α-L-Rhap-(1→构成, 其化学结构与已知的大肠杆菌各血清型O-抗原结构均不同, 表明EPEC080菌株是一种新的大肠杆菌血清型。本研究结果可为肠致病性大肠杆菌的致病机制探索, 以及相关疾病的预防和治疗方法研发提供基础。

, authors=韩欣童1, 4, 秦春君1, 4, 田光宗1, 4, 邹小鹏1, 4, 郭玺5, 胡静2, 4, *, 尹健1, 3, 4, *, authorsList=韩欣童, 秦春君, 田光宗, 邹小鹏, 郭玺, 胡静, 尹健, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=胡静, 尹健, authorNote=

作者贡献:

尹健、胡静负责实验设计; 韩欣童、秦春君、郭玺负责实验实施、数据处理和论文撰写; 田光宗、邹小鹏参与实验实施; 尹健、胡静负责文章的审阅和提出论文写作的建议。

, correspAuthorsNote=
胡静, Tel: 86-510-85197039, E-mail:
尹健, Tel: 86-510-85328229, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2025, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=MVZjzDB/1/p4xUI34cg26Q==, magXml=pQj5ZBS2gQ2UwXlTc5Gr4w==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=OPI0MAl+9rn31Ue9kTCLpg==, pdfFileSize=4260672, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=5Q5oqlpmxHWKBM48aVhArg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=KZskhXZ1LcuzF4Hrcz/eEA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1308497540039925884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455674975908117, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1308497540174143615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455674975908117, authorId=1308497540039925884, language=EN, stringName=Xin-tong HAN, firstName=Xin-tong, middleName=null, lastName=HAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 4, address=1School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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ResidueChemical shift (δ)
1-H/1-C2-H/2-C3-H/3-C4-H/4-C5-H/5-C6-H/6-CAc (C=O)
A
α-GalpNAc
1JH1, C1 168.4 Hz
4.94 (singlet)
/95.5
4.01/50.93.47/73.13.62/64.43.52/74.73.66, 3.73/60.91.92/22.0
(173.9)
B
→2-α-Rhap
1JH1, C1 176.1 Hz
4.91 (singlet)
/94.7
3.87 (singlet)
/78.7
3.81/68.93.35 (3JH, H 9.6, 9.6 Hz)
/72.0
3.81/69.91.16 (3JH, H 5.7 Hz)
/16.7
-
C
→2, 3-α-Rhap
1JH1, C1 169.0 Hz
4.90 (singlet)
/99.9
4.10 (singlet)
/75.9
3.94 (3JH, H 9.2 Hz)
/76.2
3.56 (3JH, H 9.2, 9.2 Hz)
/72.1
3.63/69.81.15 (3JH, H 5.4 Hz)
/16.5
-
D
→3, 4-α-Rhap
1JH1, C1 171.9 Hz
4.82 (singlet)
/97.3
3.64/66.24.02/66.13.59/70.64.39/67.21.13 (3JH, H 6.0Hz)
/15.5
-
E
β-GalpNAc
1JH1, C1 159.8 Hz
4.71 (3JH, H 8.4 Hz)
/102.5
3.99/50.73.67/74.44.09 (singlet)/63.23.61/74.73.66, 3.75/61.11.92/22.3
(174.3)
), ArticleFig(id=1308497547916828862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455674975908117, language=CN, label=Tab.1, caption=

1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts of the O-antigen from E. coli strain EPEC080

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ResidueChemical shift (δ)
1-H/1-C2-H/2-C3-H/3-C4-H/4-C5-H/5-C6-H/6-CAc (C=O)
A
α-GalpNAc
1JH1, C1 168.4 Hz
4.94 (singlet)
/95.5
4.01/50.93.47/73.13.62/64.43.52/74.73.66, 3.73/60.91.92/22.0
(173.9)
B
→2-α-Rhap
1JH1, C1 176.1 Hz
4.91 (singlet)
/94.7
3.87 (singlet)
/78.7
3.81/68.93.35 (3JH, H 9.6, 9.6 Hz)
/72.0
3.81/69.91.16 (3JH, H 5.7 Hz)
/16.7
-
C
→2, 3-α-Rhap
1JH1, C1 169.0 Hz
4.90 (singlet)
/99.9
4.10 (singlet)
/75.9
3.94 (3JH, H 9.2 Hz)
/76.2
3.56 (3JH, H 9.2, 9.2 Hz)
/72.1
3.63/69.81.15 (3JH, H 5.4 Hz)
/16.5
-
D
→3, 4-α-Rhap
1JH1, C1 171.9 Hz
4.82 (singlet)
/97.3
3.64/66.24.02/66.13.59/70.64.39/67.21.13 (3JH, H 6.0Hz)
/15.5
-
E
β-GalpNAc
1JH1, C1 159.8 Hz
4.71 (3JH, H 8.4 Hz)
/102.5
3.99/50.73.67/74.44.09 (singlet)/63.23.61/74.73.66, 3.75/61.11.92/22.3
(174.3)
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肠致病性大肠杆菌EPEC080菌株O-抗原的结构鉴定
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韩欣童 1, 4 , 秦春君 1, 4 , 田光宗 1, 4 , 邹小鹏 1, 4 , 郭玺 5 , 胡静 2, 4, * , 尹健 1, 3, 4, *
药学学报 | 专题报道: 糖疫苗的研究进展与发展趋势 2025,60(7): 2024-2034
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药学学报 |专题报道: 糖疫苗的研究进展与发展趋势 2025 , 60 (7) : 2024 -2034
肠致病性大肠杆菌EPEC080菌株O-抗原的结构鉴定
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韩欣童1, 4, 秦春君1, 4, 田光宗1, 4, 邹小鹏1, 4, 郭玺5, 胡静2, 4, * , 尹健1, 3, 4, *
作者信息
  • 1江南大学生物工程学院, 糖化学与生物技术教育部重点实验室, 江苏 无锡 214122
  • 2江南大学无锡医学院, 江苏 无锡 214122
  • 3江南大学生命科学与健康工程学院, 糖疫苗与糖药物江苏省高校重点实验室, 江苏 无锡 214122
  • 4江南大学疫苗工程创新研究中心, 江苏 无锡 214122
  • 5南开大学, 泰达生物技术研究院, 天津 300457
通讯作者:
胡静, Tel: 86-510-85197039, E-mail:
尹健, Tel: 86-510-85328229, E-mail:
作者简介:

作者贡献:

尹健、胡静负责实验设计; 韩欣童、秦春君、郭玺负责实验实施、数据处理和论文撰写; 田光宗、邹小鹏参与实验实施; 尹健、胡静负责文章的审阅和提出论文写作的建议。

Structural elucidation of the O-antigen from enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strain EPEC080
Xin-tong HAN1, 4, Chun-jun QIN1, 4, Guang-zong TIAN1, 4, Xiao-peng ZOU1, 4, Xi GUO5, Jing HU2, 4, * , Jian YIN1, 3, 4, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
  • 2Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
  • 3School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Vaccines and Drugs in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
  • 4Innovation Center for Vaccine Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
  • 5TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
出版时间: 2025-07-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0073
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O-抗原是细菌脂多糖最外层的组成部分, 其结构的复杂性与多样性对细菌的免疫逃逸、致病性及宿主相互作用具有重要影响。本研究开展了肠源性大肠杆菌EPEC080菌株脂多糖O-抗原的提取纯化。通过分子量测定、单糖组分分析、红外光谱分析以及核磁共振谱分析完成了该细菌脂多糖O-抗原化学结构的解析。该O-抗原的平均分子量为14.3 kDa, 由五糖重复单元→4)-[α-D-GalpNAc-(1→3)]-α-L-Rhap-(1→2)-[β-D-GalpNAc-(1→3)]-α-L-Rhap-(1→2)-α-L-Rhap-(1→构成, 其化学结构与已知的大肠杆菌各血清型O-抗原结构均不同, 表明EPEC080菌株是一种新的大肠杆菌血清型。本研究结果可为肠致病性大肠杆菌的致病机制探索, 以及相关疾病的预防和治疗方法研发提供基础。

肠致病性大肠杆菌  /  脂多糖  /  O-抗原  /  血清型  /  结构鉴定

O-Antigens is the outermost component of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Their structural complexity and diversity are essential for bacterial immune evasion, pathogenicity, and bacteria-host interactions. In this study, the O-antigen of lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli strain EPEC080 was extracted and purified. The chemical structure of the O-antigen was determined by a combination of various analytical methods, including molecular weight determination, monosaccharide composition analysis, infrared spectrum and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The O-antigen with an average molecular weight of 14.3 kDa was determined to consist of a pentasaccharide repeating unit: →4)-[α-D-GalpNAc-(1→3)]-α-L-Rhap-(1→2)-[β-D-GalpNAc-(1→3)]-α-L-Rhap-(1→2)-α-L-Rhap-(1→. Notably, this structure is different from those of known E. coli LPS O-antigens, indicating that strain EPEC080 represents a novel E. coli serotype. The structural identification of this O-antigen provides a foundation for further investigation of the pathogenesis of enteropathogenic E. coli and development of prophylaxis and treatment methods against the related diseases.

enteropathogenic Escherichia coli  /  lipopolysaccharide  /  O-antigen  /  serotype  /  structural elucidation
韩欣童, 秦春君, 田光宗, 邹小鹏, 郭玺, 胡静, 尹健. 肠致病性大肠杆菌EPEC080菌株O-抗原的结构鉴定. 药学学报, 2025 , 60 (7) : 2024 -2034 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0073
Xin-tong HAN, Chun-jun QIN, Guang-zong TIAN, Xiao-peng ZOU, Xi GUO, Jing HU, Jian YIN. Structural elucidation of the O-antigen from enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strain EPEC080[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2025 , 60 (7) : 2024 -2034 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0073
脂多糖是革兰阴性细菌外膜的主要成分, 由类脂A、核心寡糖和O-抗原三部分组成[1]。处于细菌最外层的O-抗原是由寡糖重复单元构成的多糖链, 在单糖组成、连接顺序、取代基团和端基位构型等方面均表现出菌株特异性, 是脂多糖血清分型的抗原决定簇[2]。O-抗原对细菌细胞的稳定性和侵袭性至关重要, 阐明O-抗原的化学结构对于理解细菌致病机制的分子基础及开发针对性治疗策略具有重要意义[3]。O-抗原和荚膜多糖等细菌表面多糖普遍具有高度结构特异性和免疫原性, 已成为细菌疫苗开发的重要靶点[4]。过去40多年中, 以细菌表面多糖为抗原, 先后发展了第一代多糖疫苗、第二代多糖结合疫苗和第三代合成寡糖结合疫苗, 已成为人类对抗侵袭性细菌感染的有效手段。目前, 已有针对肺炎链球菌、b型流感嗜血杆菌、脑膜炎球菌和伤寒沙门氏菌的第二代多糖结合疫苗被广泛应用[5]。第三代合成寡糖结合疫苗中糖抗原和糖结合物的化学结构更为明确、均一, 且可避免细菌残留物的污染, 是细菌糖疫苗产品研发的重要发展趋势[6, 7]。目前, 已报道了针对b型流感嗜血杆菌的合成寡糖结合疫苗[8]。
大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli) 通常存在于人类和其他温血动物的肠道中, 分为共生菌株和致病菌株[9]。致病性大肠杆菌感染可导致腹泻、尿路感染、脓毒症和脑膜炎等疾病[10]。尽管采取了积极的感染控制措施, 致病性大肠杆菌的医院获得性感染病例数仍快速上升。此外, 全球范围致病性大肠杆菌的抗生素耐药性呈上升趋势, 65%临床分离菌株对三种及以上抗生素具有耐药性, 提高了相关疾病的治疗难度[11, 12]。因此, 2024年世界卫生组织发布的细菌优先病原体清单中将致病性大肠杆菌列为关键优先级细菌病原体[13]。全球目前没有上市的致病性大肠杆菌疫苗, 其疫苗开发迫在眉睫。目前, 已知180多种大肠杆菌脂多糖O-抗原血清型, 部分血清型中还包含亚群[14]。脂多糖O-抗原在大肠杆菌通过干扰补体介导杀伤而逃避人体免疫系统过程中起关键作用[15, 16]。利用致病性大肠杆菌O-抗原开展疫苗研发已受到广泛关注[17, 18], 已有多种多糖结合疫苗候选物进入了临床试验阶段, 包括四价(针对O1A、O2、O6A和O25B血清型)[19-22], 九价(针对O1A、O2、O4、O6A、O15、O16、O18A、O25B和O75血清型) 和十价(针对O1A、O2、O4、O6A、O8、O15、O16、O18A、O25B和O75血清型)[23]多糖结合疫苗。
Wang等[24]从山东省人类粪便样品中分离出一株常规血清型筛查检测无法分型的肠致病性大肠杆菌菌株EPEC080, 发现其O-抗原基因簇序列与已知的大肠杆菌O-抗原基因簇序列均不一致, 确证了其是一种新型大肠杆菌血清型。此外, 通过基因敲除构建了O-抗原缺陷型菌株, 初步确证了该O-抗原在大肠杆菌黏附过程中的作用。然而, EPEC080菌株O-抗原的化学结构尚未被阐明, 阻碍了对其在大肠杆菌致病过程中所起作用的探索, 以及将其应用于相关感染性疾病预防和治疗方法的研发。本研究开展了大肠杆菌EPEC080菌株脂多糖O-抗原的提取纯化和结构鉴定, 采用热酚水法提取脂多糖, 进一步利用酸水解法制备O-抗原; 经分子量测定、单糖组成分析、红外光谱分析和核磁共振谱图解析完成了该O-抗原的化学结构解析, 可为肠致病性大肠杆菌的致病机制探索, 以及相关疾病的预防和治疗方案研发提供基础。
药品与试剂  G50葡聚糖凝胶填料(批号: LE70R39)、多糖标准品(D-半乳糖、D-葡萄糖、D-甘露糖、D-岩藻糖、L-鼠李糖、D-氨基半乳糖、D-氨基葡萄糖、D-果糖、D-半乳糖醛酸、D-葡萄糖醛酸, 批号: 47267)、重水(氘代度99.9%, 批号: LO60W21) 等采购自北京百灵威科技有限公司, DNase I (批号: No.3230901004) 购自北京索莱宝科技有限公司, 蛋白酶K (批号: 24823) 购自北京康为世纪生物科技有限公司, 考马斯亮蓝(批号: P2466439) 试剂购自赛默飞世尔科技公司; RNase A (批号: P2936981)、透析袋(批号: P3125268) 等购自上海泰坦科技股份有限公司。其他试剂均为市售分析纯。
仪器  Ascend 600 MHz核磁共振波谱分析仪(德国布鲁克公司); Dionex CarboPac PA20高效阴离子交换色谱仪系统和Nicolet iS5傅里叶红外光谱仪(美国赛默飞公司); Gel Doc XR+凝胶成像分析系统(美国Bio-Rad公司); Waters 1525高效液相色谱仪(美国沃特世公司)。
脂多糖和O-抗原的提取  以大肠杆菌EPEC080菌株灭活菌体[24]为原料, 采用热酚水法[25]提取脂多糖, 利用十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)-考马斯亮蓝染色、琼脂糖凝胶电泳和SDS-PAGE-银染氧化[26]分析其纯度。将脂多糖提取物溶解于2%冰醋酸水溶液中(2 mg·mL-1), 100 ℃加热回流3 h, 冷却至室温后, 在4 ℃、13 000 ×g条件下超速离心30 min, 以去除沉淀的类脂A[27]。上清溶液冻干得到的粉末溶解于超纯水, 以0.05 mol·L-1醋酸吡啶缓冲液(pH 4.5) 为流动相, 经G50葡聚糖凝胶柱层析纯化除去核心寡糖, 冻干后得到O-抗原提取物。为了确定多糖结构是否存在O-乙酰化, 将部分O-抗原提取物溶解于12%氨水中, 在50 ℃下处理6 h, 经冻干得到碱处理后O-抗原样品。
红外光谱检测  利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对多糖的特定官能团进行了鉴定[28]。将1.0 mg样品与150.0 mg溴化钾粉末充分混合, 研磨均匀后压片制样, 在4 000~500 cm-1的频率内进行红外光谱扫描。
分子量检测  采用高效体积排阻色谱检测多糖分子量。使用配有超水凝胶线性柱(TSKgel 2000 SWXL, 300 mm × 7.8 mm)、Waters 2410折光检测器的Waters 1525液相色谱仪, 流动相为0.1 mol·L-1亚硝酸钠溶液, 流速为0.5 mL·min-1, 柱温为40 ℃[29]。O-抗原样品溶解于蒸馏水, 浓度为5 mg·mL-1, 进样量为50 μL。以5种葡聚糖标准品(分子量为2.70、9.75、135.03、300.60和2 000 kDa) 及葡萄糖(分子量为180 Da) 绘制标准曲线[30]。
单糖组成分析  O-抗原样品溶解于2 mol·L-1三氟乙酸水溶液中, 于120 ℃下反应2 h, 冷却至室温后, 加入去离子水和甲醇后减压蒸干, 重复操作三次以除去残存的三氟乙酸, 得到多糖水解溶液。采用高效阴离子交换色谱-脉冲安培检测法开展多糖水解溶液的分析。所用阴离子交换柱为Dionex Carbo PacTM PA20 (3 mm × 150 mm), 柱温为30 ℃, 进样量为25 µL。流动相为5 mmol·L-1氢氧化钠溶液(A) 和5 mmol·L-1乙酸钠溶液(B), 流速0.5 mL·min-1。梯度洗脱条件: 100% A (0~15 min), 80%~0% A (15~24 min), 100% A (24~30 min)[31]。以D-半乳糖(D-Gal)、D-葡萄糖(D-Glc)、D-甘露糖(D-Man)、L-岩藻糖(L-Fuc)、L-鼠李糖(L-Rha)、D-氨基半乳糖(D-GalN)、D-氨基葡萄糖(D-GlcN)、D-果糖(D-Fru)、D-半乳糖醛酸(D-GalA)、D-葡萄糖醛酸(D-GlcA) 为单糖标品, 根据各单糖标品的保留时间确定O-抗原多糖样品中单糖类型。其中, 在上述水解条件下乙酰基团会被水解, 因此标样采用D-氨基半乳糖和D-氨基葡萄糖, 后续单糖组分检测结果中如果出现D-GalN和D-GlcN等峰的存在, 则应该考虑到GalNAc、GlcNAc等单糖的存在。
核磁共振谱图分析  将O-抗原(15.0 mg) 溶解于0.5 mL重水中, 使用核磁共振波谱仪(Bruker Ascend 600 MHz) 采集1H NMR、13C NMR、1H-1H COSY、1H-13C HSQC、1H-1H TOCSY和1H-13C HMBC。对于1H NMR实验, 脉冲程序为zg30, 采集时间为2.75 s, 扫描次数为16次; 对于13C NMR实验, 脉冲程序为zgpg30, 采集时间为0.92 s, 扫描次数为5 000次; 对于1H-1H COSY实验, 脉冲程序为cosygpmfqf, 采集时间为0.24 s, 扫描次数为16次; 对于1H-13C HSQC实验, 脉冲程序为hsqcedetgpsisp2.3, 采集时间为0.13 s, 扫描次数为32次; 对于不去偶合1H-13C HSQC实验, 脉冲程序为hsqcedetgpsisp2.3, 采集时间为0.13 s, 扫描次数为32次; 对于1H-1H TOCSY实验, 脉冲程序为mlevphpr.2, 采集时间为0.17 s, 扫描次数为16次; 于1H-13C HMBC实验中, 脉冲程序为hmbcgpndqf, 采集时间为0.16 s, 扫描次数为128次。采用Bruker TopSpin 2.1软件处理数据。以丙酮(δH 2.05, δC 29.97) 作为参考物质进行核磁共振谱图的定标。
本研究采用热酚水法提取大肠杆菌EPEC080菌株的脂多糖, 提取物经过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳后银染氧化处理, 确证了多糖的存在。通过酶解法去除核酸和蛋白质, 利用琼脂糖凝胶电泳和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳进行检测[32], 确证了核酸和蛋白质已被有效去除。经酸解法去除脂多糖中的类脂A, 经G50葡聚糖凝胶柱层析纯化获得大肠杆菌菌株EPEC080的O-抗原提取物, 提取率为1.45% (以菌体量计)。进一步利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对该O-抗原提取物的特定官能团进行了鉴定。在3 400~3 500 cm-1处出现显著吸收峰, 代表-OH的伸缩振动; 1 600~1 700 cm-1处吸收峰与C=O键[33]的伸缩振动有关; 1 400 cm-1处吸收峰与C-H键的变形振动相关[34, 35]; 1 100~1 300 cm-1处吸收峰通常对应于乙酰基-CH3的拉伸振动[36], 确证了羟基、羰基、碳氢键等糖类化合物特征性化学结构的存在。
通过单糖组成分析, 确证了该O-抗原由L-鼠李糖(L-Rhap) 和D-半乳糖胺(D-GalpN) 组成(图1)。鉴于三氟乙酸水解处理过程中N-乙酰基会被脱去[36], 需考虑该多糖结构中可能含有N-乙酰基-D-半乳糖胺(D-GalpNAc)。采用高效排阻色谱法测定了大肠杆菌EPEC080菌株O-抗原提取物的分子量, 发现目标信号呈单一对称峰, 表明该O-抗原提取物组分具有较好均一性, 平均分子量为14.3 kDa。
利用一维(1H NMR、13C NMR) 和二维(1H-1H COSY、1H-13C HSQC、不去偶合1H-13C HSQC、1H-1H TOCSY和1H-13C HMBC) 核磁共振谱图进一步解析大肠杆菌EPEC080菌株O-抗原的化学结构。氢谱中多数信号峰出现于δ 3.3~5.0 (图2A), 碳谱中信号峰主要出现于δ 50~110 (图2B), 且氢谱各信号峰积分值呈整数倍, 初步确证了该O-抗原提取物只含有组分均一的糖类物质。在氢谱的高场区(1.8~2.2) 观察到1.92处出现积分值为6的单峰, 鉴于该区域的信号通常对应于乙酰基的甲基氢, 表明该O-抗原的重复单元含有两个乙酰基, 与红外鉴定结果一致。
通过对比多糖在碱处理前后的氢谱信号可以确定其结构中是否含有酯类基团[27]。值得注意的是, EPEC080菌株O-抗原在碱处理前后氢谱信号无任何差异, 表明该多糖结构中未含有O-乙酰基。此外, 酯类基团的吸电子效应可引起糖环质子信号向低场移动约0.6, 这一现象并未在氢谱中观察到, 进一步确证了该多糖未被O-乙酰化[36], 据此初步判断氢谱中1.91处信号来自两个N-乙酰基的甲基氢。在碳谱低场区173.9和174.3处均观察到信号, 归属为N-乙酰基的羰基碳; 而高场区22.0和22.3处信号归属于N-乙酰基的甲基碳(图2B)。
在EPEC080菌株O-抗原的1H-13C HSQC谱图糖环异头区(δC 90~110) 观察到5个信号(图3), 表明该O-抗原的重复单元由5个单糖组成, 分别标注为单糖A、B、C、D和E (表1)。δH 4.94处信号和δC 95.5处信号分别归属为单糖A的1-H和1-C。δH 4.91处信号和δC 94.7处信号分别归属为单糖B的1-H和1-C。单糖C的1-H和1-C信号分别出现在δH 4.90处和δC 99.9处。δH 4.82和4.71处信号分别归属为单糖D和E的1-H。单糖D和E的1-C信号分别出现在δC 97.3和102.5处。
结合二维核磁共振谱图, 进一步归属氢谱和碳谱中单糖A各相关信号。利用COSY谱图, 发现单糖A的1-H信号(4.94, 单峰) 与4.01处信号呈相关性, 由此将该信号归属为单糖A的2-H (图4)。TOCSY谱图中单糖A的2-H与3-H具相关性, 并结合此谱图将单糖A的3-H、4-H和5-H信号分别归属在氢谱中3.47、3.62和3.52处(图5)。单糖A的5-H信号(3.52) 与3.66、3.73处信号均存在COSY和TOCSY相关性, 可将其归属为单糖A的6-CH2。利用HSQC谱图对单糖A相关δC进行了归属, 其中2-C、3-C、4-C、5-C和6-C分别出现在50.9、73.1、64.4、74.7和60.9处。单糖A的2-C信号位于50.9处, 表明其2号位连接了氮原子。N-乙酰基甲基氢信号(1.92) 与单糖A的2-C信号(50.9) 存在HMBC相关性(图6), 表明单糖A的2号位连接了乙酰氨基。根据不去偶合HSQC谱中观察到单糖A的1JH1, C1 = 168.4 Hz, 结合O-抗原的单糖组成, 单糖A被鉴定为α-D-GalpNAc (表1)。此外, 单糖A的氢谱和碳谱化学位移与已报道的α-D-GalpNAc的核磁共振谱数据一致[37, 38]。
进一步归属氢谱和碳谱中单糖B各相关信号。在COSY谱图中, 单糖B的1-H信号(4.91, 单峰) 与3.87处信号(单峰) 存在相关性, 从而将该信号归属为单糖B的2-H。根据COSY谱图中相关信号, 3-H、4-H信号分别归属在氢谱中3.81、3.35 (3JH, H = 9.6, 9.6 Hz) 处。TOCSY谱图显示单糖B的4-H (3.35) 与3.81、1.16处信号具有相关性, 且COSY谱图显示1.16处信号与3.81处信号具有相关性, 据此确认单糖B的5-H信号在3.81处, 6-H信号在1.16处。鉴于6-H信号(1.16) 对应为6-脱氧糖的6号位甲基氢, 表明单糖B为6-脱氧糖。结合HSQC谱图, 单糖B的2-C、3-C、4-C、5-C和6-C分别出现在δC 78.7、68.9、72.0、69.9和16.7处。根据糖环各氢原子的偶合常数、不去偶合HSQC谱图中单糖B的1JH1, C1 (176.1 Hz), 结合O-抗原的单糖组成, 单糖B被鉴定为α-L-Rhap (表1)。此外, 单糖B的氢谱和碳谱化学位移与已报道的α-L-Rhap的核磁共振谱数据一致[39-42]。
进一步归属氢谱和碳谱中单糖C各相关信号。根据COSY谱图中相关信号, 基于单糖C的1-H信号(4.90), 2-H、3-H和4-H信号分别出现在4.10 (单峰)、3.94 (3JH, H = 9.2 Hz) 和3.56 (3JH, H = 9.2, 9.2 Hz) 处。TOCSY谱图表明4-H信号(3.56) 与1.15处信号相关, 而COSY谱图表明1.15与3.63处信号相关、4-H信号(3.56) 与3.63处信号相关, 据此将3.63和1.15处信号分别归属为单糖C的5-H和6-H。单糖C的6-H化学位移为1.15, 对应6-脱氧糖的6号位甲基氢信号, 表明单糖C为6-脱氧糖。通过HSQC谱图将单糖C的δC进行归属, 2-C、3-C、4-C、5-C和6-C信号分别位于75.9、76.2、72.1、69.8和16.5处。HMBC谱图表明单糖C的4-C (72.1) 与6-H (1.15) 信号间具有相关性, 进一步支撑了上述信号的归属(图6)。根据糖环各氢原子的偶合常数、不去偶合HSQC谱图中单糖C的1JH1, C1 (169 Hz), 结合O-抗原的单糖组成, 确认单糖C为α-L-Rhap (表1)。此外, 单糖C的氢谱和碳谱化学位移与已报道的α-L-Rhap的核磁共振谱数据一致[31, 40-43]。
进一步归属氢谱和碳谱中单糖D各相关信号。根据COSY谱图中相关信号, 基于单糖D的1-H信号(4.82, 单峰), 2-H、3-H和4-H信号分别出现在3.64、4.02和3.59处。TOCSY谱图也表明, 单糖D的1-H信号与2-H (3.64)、3-H信号(4.02) 呈相关性。单糖D的2-H信号(3.64) 与1.16处信号有TOCSY相关性, 而单糖D的4-H信号(3.59) 与1.16处信号均与4.40处信号有COSY相关性, 据此确认单糖D的5-H和6-H信号分别在4.39和1.16处。单糖D的6-H化学位移为1.16, 对应6-脱氧糖的6号位甲基氢信号, 表明单糖D为6-脱氧糖。通过HSQC谱图对单糖D的δC进行归属, 2-C、3-C、4-C、5-C和6-C信号分别位于66.2、66.1、70.6、67.2和16.5处。HMBC谱图表明单糖D的5-H (4.40) 与6-C (15.5), 5-H (4.39) 与4-C (70.6) 信号间均有相关性, 进一步支撑了上述信号的归属(图6)。根据不去偶合HSQC谱图中单糖D的1JH1, C1 (171.9 Hz), 结合O-抗原的单糖组成, 确认单糖D为α-L-Rhap (表1)。此外, 单糖D的氢谱和碳谱化学位移与已报道的α-L-Rhap的核磁共振谱数据比对基本一致, 仅发现5-H信号(4.39) 存在不一致, 认为可能是由多糖中单糖间相互作用导致[40, 44, 45]。
进一步归属氢谱和碳谱中单糖E各相关信号。单糖E的1-H信号(4.71) 与3.99处信号具有COSY相关性, 将其归属为单糖E的2-H。TOCSY谱图中1-H信号(4.71) 与2-H信号(3.99)、3.67处信号均有相关性, 而COSY谱图中3.67处信号与2-H信号具有相关性, 据此确认3-H信号在3.67处。通过HSQC谱图分析, 单糖E的2-C信号在碳谱中50.7处, 表明单糖E的2号位连接了氮原子。HMBC谱图表明2-C信号(50.7) 与氢谱中3.61、4.09处信号存在相关性, 而COSY谱图表明3-H信号(3.67) 与4.09处信号有相关性, 据此确认了4-H的化学位移值为4.09 (单峰)。鉴于3.61处信号与4-H信号有COSY相关性, 将其归属为单糖E的5-H。单糖E的6号位亚甲基氢信号的化学位移则为3.66和3.75。通过HSQC谱图对单糖E中δC进行归属, 3-C、4-C、5-C和6-C的化学位移值分别为74.4、63.2、74.7和61.1。HMBC谱图显示N-乙酰基的甲基氢信号(1.92) 与单糖E的2-C信号(50.7) 有相关性, 表明单糖E的2号位连接了乙酰氨基。根据单糖E中1-H和4-H的偶合常数、不去偶合HSQC谱图中单糖E的1JH1, C1 (159.8 Hz), 结合该O-抗原的单糖组成, 单糖E被鉴定为β-D-GalpNAc (表1)。此外, 单糖E的氢谱和碳谱化学位移与已报道的β-D-GalpNAc的核磁共振谱数据一致[46-48]。
由核磁共振谱图信号归属得到的单糖组成与单糖组分分析结果一致。通过HMBC谱图进一步确认多糖重复单元中各单糖的连接关系(图6)。单糖A的1-H (4.94) 与单糖D的3-C (66.1) 存在HMBC相关性, 表明单糖A的端基位与单糖D的3号位连接。单糖E的1-H (4.71) 与单糖C的3-C (76.2) 存在HMBC相关性, 表明单糖E的端基位与单糖C的3号位连接。单糖B的2-H (3.87) 与单糖C的1-C (99.9)、单糖C的1-H (4.90) 与单糖B的2-C (78.7) 存在HMBC相关性, 表明单糖B的2号位连接着单糖C的端基位。单糖B的1-H (4.91) 与单糖D的4-C (70.6) 存在HMBC相关性, 表明单糖B的端基位连接单糖D的4号位。单糖C的2-H (4.10) 与单糖D的1-C (97.3) 存在HMBC相关性, 表明单糖D的端基位连接单糖C的2号位。据此, 确认了大肠杆菌EPEC080菌株O抗原的重复单元为五糖→4)-[α-D-GalpNAc-(1→3)]-α-L-Rhap-(1→2)-[β-D-GalpNAc-(1→3)]-α-L-Rhap-(1→2)-α-L-Rhap-(1→ (图7)。
本研究开展了大肠杆菌EPEC080菌株脂多糖O-抗原的提取纯化和结构分析, 通过分子量测定、单糖组分分析、红外光谱分析以及核磁共振谱分析解析了该多糖的化学结构。结果表明, 大肠杆菌EPEC080菌株的O-抗原由五糖重复单元→4)-[α-D-GalpNAc-(1→3)]-α-L-Rhap-(1→2)-[β-D-GalpNAc-(1→3)]-α-L-Rhap-(1→2)-α-L-Rhap-(1→构成, 上述结构与已知的大肠杆菌O-抗原结构均不一致[14, 27, 31, 49-53], 确证了该菌株为一种新的大肠杆菌O-抗原血清型。更为广泛的结构检索仅发现该五糖重复单元结构中的三糖片段α-L-Rhap-(1→2)-α-L-Rhap-(1→2)-α-L-Rhap与菠萝泛菌(Pantoea ananatis) AEP17菌株[40]、类志贺邻单胞菌(Plesiomonas shigelloides) 22074菌株[43]的O-抗原中部分结构一致。大肠杆菌EPEC080菌株O-抗原中鼠李糖三聚体的氢谱和碳谱化学位移与文献报道的核磁共振谱数据一致, 进一步为该O-抗原的结构解析提供了支撑。值得注意的是, 单糖D (→3, 4-α-Rhap-1→) 中4-H化学位移与文献不一致, 但结合单糖组成分析与整体核磁共振谱图解析情况, 仍可确定其为L-鼠李糖。该化学位移不符的情况可能与多糖中单糖间的相互作用有关, 还需后续研究该多糖的空间结构进行分析。综上所述, 本研究完成了大肠杆菌EPEC080菌株O-抗原的化学结构解析, 进一步确证了该菌株是一种新的大肠杆菌血清型, 为探索肠致病性大肠杆菌的致病机制、开发相关疾病的治疗方案提供了基础。

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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0073
  • 接收时间:2025-01-20
  • 首发时间:2026-09-20
  • 出版时间:2025-07-12
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-20
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    1江南大学生物工程学院, 糖化学与生物技术教育部重点实验室, 江苏 无锡 214122
    2江南大学无锡医学院, 江苏 无锡 214122
    3江南大学生命科学与健康工程学院, 糖疫苗与糖药物江苏省高校重点实验室, 江苏 无锡 214122
    4江南大学疫苗工程创新研究中心, 江苏 无锡 214122
    5南开大学, 泰达生物技术研究院, 天津 300457

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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种数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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