Article(id=1308455448038896128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308455335962894804, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0008, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1735920000000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-04, revisedDate=1742832000000, revisedDateStr=2025-03-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1789889688739, onlineDateStr=2026-09-20, pubDate=1749657600000, pubDateStr=2025-06-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789889688739, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789889688739, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789889688739, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1308455335962894804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2025', volume='60', issue='6', pageStart='1573', pageEnd='1964', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1749657600000', pubDateStr='2025-06-12', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789889662017, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789893590327, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1308471812564734358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308455335962894804, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1308471812564734359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1308455335962894804, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1730, endPage=1738, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1308455448198279681, articleId=1308455448038896128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Protective effects of methylene blue on gut barrier injury in septic mice and its mechanisms, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The intestinal barrier, as the primary interface between the body and the external environment, plays a crucial role in sepsis. Methylene blue, with its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and microcirculatory-improving properties, has been widely used in the treatment of sepsis. However, whether it can improve intestinal barrier function in sepsis and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, a sepsis mouse model was established via intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The effects of methylene blue (5-20 mg·kg-1) on inflammation in septic mice were observed using HE staining, ELISA, and RT-PCR. Changes in intestinal barrier function in the jejunum and colon tissues were analyzed via Evans blue staining, immunofluorescence, and RT-PCR. Additionally, the effects of methylene blue (40 μg·mL-1) on NF-κB and RhoA/ROCK signaling pathways in LPS-stimulated macrophages (RAW264.7) and intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2) were evaluated. The animal study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Southwest University (Approval No.: IACUC-20241125-04). Results showed that methylene blue (5-20 mg·kg-1) significantly reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines in plasma and intestinal tissues of septic mice and upregulated the expression of tight junction proteins in the jejunum and colon. In vitro experiments confirmed that methylene blue (40 μg·mL-1) inhibited the increased secretion of inflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, a mechanism associated with NF-κB pathway inhibition. Methylene blue (40 μg·mL-1) also reversed the LPS-induced decrease in transmembrane electrical resistance and cell migration in Caco-2 cells, a mechanism related to RhoA/ROCK pathway inhibition. In summary, the present study demonstrated that methylene blue can improve intestinal inflammation by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway and enhance intestinal barrier function via the RhoA/ROCK pathway, ultimately alleviating the progression of sepsis.

, authors=Na FENG1, Bang-guo ZHANG1, Yu-lin LIU2, Zhi-zhong-bin WU2, Ji-fen ZHANG2, Shan FENG2, Tao YI3, *, authorsList=Na FENG, Bang-guo ZHANG, Yu-lin LIU, Zhi-zhong-bin WU, Ji-fen ZHANG, Shan FENG, Tao YI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Tao YI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1308455451448865296, articleId=1308455448038896128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=亚甲蓝对脓毒症小鼠肠道屏障损伤的保护作用及机制研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

肠道屏障作为机体与外界环境接触的主要界面, 在脓毒症中扮演着至关重要的角色。亚甲蓝因其抗炎、抗氧化和改善微循环等多重药理作用, 被广泛运用于脓毒症的治疗中, 但其是否能改善脓毒症下肠道的屏障功能及其机制尚未知。本研究通过腹腔注射脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS) 构建脓毒症小鼠模型, 经HE染色、ELISA和RT-PCR等方法观察了亚甲蓝(5~20 mg·kg-1) 对脓毒症小鼠炎症改善情况, 经Evans染色、免疫荧光、RT-PCR分析了小鼠空肠和结肠组织屏障功能的变化。此外, 进一步在巨噬细胞RAW264.7和肠上皮细胞Caco-2中分别评价了亚甲蓝(40 μg·mL-1) 对LPS刺激下NF-κB和RhoA/ROCK信号通路的影响。本实验获得西南大学动物伦理委员会批准(批准号: IACUC-20241125-04)。研究结果显示, 亚甲蓝(5~20 mg·kg-1) 可显著抑制脓毒症小鼠血浆和肠道组织中的炎症因子水平, 上调空肠和结肠组织的紧密连接蛋白表达。体外实验证实, 亚甲蓝(40 μg·mL-1) 可抑制LPS导致的RAW264.7细胞炎症因子分泌增加, 其机制与抑制NF-κB通路有关。亚甲蓝(40 μg·mL-1) 还可逆转LPS导致的Caco-2细胞跨膜电阻降低、细胞迁移率下降, 其机制与抑制RhoA/ROCK信号通路有关。综上, 本研究证实亚甲蓝可通过抑制NF-κB通路改善肠道炎症, 还可经RhoA/ROCK信号通路改善肠道屏障功能, 最终减缓脓毒症的发生发展。

, authors=俸娜1, 张邦国1, 刘雨林2, 吴志钟彬2, 张继芬2, 俸珊2, 易涛3, *, authorsList=俸娜, 张邦国, 刘雨林, 吴志钟彬, 张继芬, 俸珊, 易涛, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=易涛, authorNote=

作者贡献:

俸娜、张邦国负责实验设计与实施、结果统计与分析、撰写论文; 刘雨林、吴志钟彬负责部分实验设计与实施、结果统计与分析; 张继芬、俸珊负责部分实验的设计与指导、修订论文; 俸珊、易涛负责研究思路的提出、实验设计指导、修订论文。

, correspAuthorsNote=
易涛, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2025, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=UYps0Q9cVECWh+RSU7eciA==, magXml=YRE/riLHJfkOXashO70jUQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=uvjGlQ9yVTNSSX+2331vgQ==, pdfFileSize=8545611, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=vNgXH2dUYqmUyZe9WTkPGA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=Uek7IBuvI/cMZKpBdql3iA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1308497401212662280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1308497401585955338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, authorId=1308497401212662280, language=EN, stringName=Na FENG, firstName=Na, middleName=null, lastName=FENG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Chengdu Qingbaijiang District People's Hospital, Intensive Care Unit, Chengdu 610300, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1308497401720173068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, authorId=1308497401212662280, language=CN, stringName=俸娜, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1成都市青白江区人民医院, 重症医学科, 四川 成都 610300, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308497400394772990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308497400403161599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, companyId=1308497400394772990, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Chengdu Qingbaijiang District People's Hospital, Intensive Care Unit, Chengdu 610300, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308497400445104640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, companyId=1308497400394772990, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1成都市青白江区人民医院, 重症医学科, 四川 成都 610300)])]), Author(id=1308497401992802830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1308497402093466128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, authorId=1308497401992802830, language=EN, stringName=Bang-guo ZHANG, firstName=Bang-guo, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Chengdu Qingbaijiang District People's Hospital, Intensive Care Unit, Chengdu 610300, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1308497402420621841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, authorId=1308497401992802830, language=CN, stringName=张邦国, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1成都市青白江区人民医院, 重症医学科, 四川 成都 610300, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308497400394772990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308497400403161599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, companyId=1308497400394772990, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Chengdu Qingbaijiang District People's Hospital, Intensive Care Unit, Chengdu 610300, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308497400445104640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, companyId=1308497400394772990, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1成都市青白江区人民医院, 重症医学科, 四川 成都 610300)])]), Author(id=1308497402512896531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1308497402634531349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, authorId=1308497402512896531, language=EN, stringName=Yu-lin LIU, firstName=Yu-lin, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1308497402911355414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, authorId=1308497402512896531, language=CN, stringName=刘雨林, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2西南大学药学院&中医药学院, 重庆 400715, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308497400835174913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308497400843563522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, companyId=1308497400835174913, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308497400860340739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, companyId=1308497400835174913, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2西南大学药学院&中医药学院, 重庆 400715)])]), Author(id=1308497402982658584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1308497403058156058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, authorId=1308497402982658584, language=EN, stringName=Zhi-zhong-bin WU, firstName=Zhi-zhong-bin, middleName=null, lastName=WU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1308497403246899739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, authorId=1308497402982658584, language=CN, stringName=吴志钟彬, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2西南大学药学院&中医药学院, 重庆 400715, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308497400835174913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308497400843563522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, companyId=1308497400835174913, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308497400860340739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, companyId=1308497400835174913, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2西南大学药学院&中医药学院, 重庆 400715)])]), Author(id=1308497403322397213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1308497403402088991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, authorId=1308497403322397213, language=EN, stringName=Ji-fen ZHANG, firstName=Ji-fen, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1308497403469197856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, authorId=1308497403322397213, language=CN, stringName=张继芬, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2西南大学药学院&中医药学院, 重庆 400715, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308497400835174913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308497400843563522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, companyId=1308497400835174913, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308497400860340739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, companyId=1308497400835174913, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2西南大学药学院&中医药学院, 重庆 400715)])]), Author(id=1308497403540501026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1308497403611804196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, authorId=1308497403540501026, language=EN, stringName=Shan FENG, firstName=Shan, middleName=null, lastName=FENG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1308497403678913061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, authorId=1308497403540501026, language=CN, stringName=俸珊, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2西南大学药学院&中医药学院, 重庆 400715, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308497400835174913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308497400843563522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, companyId=1308497400835174913, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308497400860340739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, companyId=1308497400835174913, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2西南大学药学院&中医药学院, 重庆 400715)])]), Author(id=1308497403741827623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, orderNo=6, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=yitao@mpu.edu.mo, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1308497403817325097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, authorId=1308497403741827623, language=EN, stringName=Tao YI, firstName=Tao, middleName=null, lastName=YI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, *, address=3Faculty of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao 999078, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1308497403888628266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, authorId=1308497403741827623, language=CN, stringName=易涛, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, *, address=3澳门理工大学健康科学及体育学院, 澳门 999078, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308497400940032516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308497400948421125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, companyId=1308497400940032516, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Faculty of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao 999078, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308497401145553414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, companyId=1308497400940032516, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3澳门理工大学健康科学及体育学院, 澳门 999078)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1308497404022845995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=methylene blue), Keyword(id=1308497404094149164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=sepsis), Keyword(id=1308497404157063725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=gut barrier function), Keyword(id=1308497404245144110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=NF-κB), Keyword(id=1308497404316447279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=RhoA/ROCK), Keyword(id=1308497404383556144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=亚甲蓝), Keyword(id=1308497404568105521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=脓毒症), Keyword(id=1308497404681351730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=肠道屏障功能), Keyword(id=1308497404920427059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=NF-κB), Keyword(id=1308497404987535924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=RhoA/ROCK)], refs=[Reference(id=1308497406384239171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gai X, Wang Y, Gao D, et al. Risk factors for the prognosis of patients with sepsis in intensive care units [J]. PLoS One, 2022, 17: e0273377., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308497406447153732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Rowlands BJ, Soong CV, Gardiner KR. The gastrointestinal tract as a barrier in sepsis [J]. Br Med Bull, 1999, 55: 196-211., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308497406505873989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Vincent JL. Current sepsis therapeutics [J]. EBioMedicine, 2022, 86: 104318., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308497406585565766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu D, Huang SY, Sun JH, et al. Sepsis-induced immunosuppression: mechanisms, diagnosis and current treatment options [J]. Mil Med Res, 2022, 9: 56., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308497406648480327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Huang M, Cai S, Su J. The pathogenesis of sepsis and potential therapeutic targets [J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2019, 20: 5376., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308497406732366408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Qin Y, Xu RX, Gu QK. Research progress on the treatment methods for acute hydrogen sulfide poisoning [J]. Chin J Gen Pract (中国全科医学), 2016, 19: 235-237., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308497406807863881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Qin XF. Experience in the treatment of 56 patients with acute nitrite poisoning [J]. Guide China Med (中国医药指南), 2011, 9: 77-78., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308497406874972746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lin L, Qian PL, Zhu CQ, et al. Analysis of 9 cases of acute nitrite poisoning treated with hyperbaric oxygen combined with medication [J]. Chin J Gen Med (中华全科医学), 2012, 10: 1149, 1162., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308497406937887307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tucker D, Lu Y, Zhang Q. From mitochondrial function to neuroprotection-an emerging role for methylene blue [J]. Mol Neurobiol, 2018, 55: 5137-5153., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308497407013384780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Pushparajah Mak RS, Liebelt EL. Methylene blue: an antidote for methemoglobinemia and beyond [J]. Pediatr Emerg Care, 2021, 37: 474-477., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308497407084687949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Arias-Ortiz J, Vincent JL. Administration of methylene blue in septic shock: pros and cons [J]. Crit Care, 2024, 28: 46., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308497407160185422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cwalinski T, Polom W, Marano L, et al. Methylene blue-current knowledge, fluorescent properties, and its future use [J]. J Clin Med, 2020, 9: 3538., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308497407239877199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Pruna A, Bonaccorso A, Belletti A, et al. Methylene blue reduces mortality in critically ill and perioperative patients: a meta-analysis of randomized trials [J]. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth, 2024, 38: 268-274., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308497407311180368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li WJ, Yan XX, Lu MS. Effects of continuous intravenous infusion of methylene blue on patients with septic shock [J]. J Henan Med Coll (河南医学高等专科学校学报), 2024, 36: 326-329., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308497407395066449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Huang JF. Clinical Study on the Effect of Methylene Blue on Inflammatory Factors in Patients with Sepsis (亚甲蓝对脓毒症患者炎症因子影响的临床研究) [D]. Kunming: Kunming University of Science and Technology, 2023., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308497407474758226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Saha BK, Burns SL. The story of nitric oxide, sepsis and methylene blue: a comprehensive pathophysiologic review [J]. Am J Med Sci, 2020, 360: 329-337., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308497407575421523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ye ZY, Xiao SY, Li ZS, et al. Expert consensus on pathological diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease in China [J]. Chin J Inflammatory Bowel Dis (中华炎性肠病杂志), 2021, 5: 5-20., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308497407663501908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xue XW, Li XQ, Zhou LR, et al. Scoring analysis of different staining systems in routine HE staining [J]. Chin J Pathol (中华病理学杂志), 2016, 45: 262-263., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308497407747387989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yu H, Lin L, Zhang Z, et al. Targeting NF-κB pathway for the therapy of diseases: mechanism and clinical study [J]. Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2020, 5: 209., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308497407885800022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hayden MS, Ghosh S. Shared principles in NF-kappaB signaling [J]. Cell, 2008, 132: 344-362., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308497407957103191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hoesel B, Schmid JA. The complexity of NF-κB signaling in inflammation and cancer [J]. Mol Cancer, 2013, 12: 86., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308497408040989272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xie CY, Wang XK, You XF. Research progress in drugs for treating sepsis [J]. Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 2020, 55: 413-420., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308497408103903833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Feng YY, Xie YY, Wang YP, et al. Molecular mechanism of Xuebijing injection in treatment of sepsis according to "drug-target-pathway" network [J]. Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 2017, 52: 556-562., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308497408175207002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Y, Xi XJ, Yu XY. Effects of methylene blue on heart and lung function of septic rats in different periods [J]. J Xinjiang Med Univ (新疆医科大学学报), 2012, 35: 906-911., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308497408267481691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=25, rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Dai C, Zhu XM, Yu XY. Effect of methylene blue on blood pressure and mortality in rats with sepsis [J]. J Xinjiang Med Univ (新疆医科大学学报), 2016, 39: 433-436., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308497408330396252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=26, rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang BB, Yang JW, Xie XM. Effect of methylene-blue on LPS-induced inflammatory reaction in macrophages [J]. Clin Eng (临床医学工程), 2015, 22: 1429-1431., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308497408405893725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=27, rfOrder=26, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hu W, Zou L, Yu N, et al. Catalpol rescues LPS-induced cognitive impairment via inhibition of NF-κB-regulated neuroinflammation and up-regulation of TrkB-mediated BDNF secretion in mice [J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2024, 319: 117345., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308497408473002590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=28, rfOrder=27, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zeisel MB, Dhawan P, Baumert TF. Tight junction proteins in gastrointestinal and liver disease [J]. Gut, 2019, 68: 547-561., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308497408556888671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=29, rfOrder=28, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Horowitz A, Chanez-Paredes SD, Haest X, et al. Paracellular permeability and tight junction regulation in gut health and disease [J]. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2023, 20: 417-432., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308497408640774752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=30, rfOrder=29, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Scaldaferri F, Pizzoferrato M, Gerardi V, et al. The gut barrier: new acquisitions and therapeutic approaches [J]. J Clin Gastroenterol, 2012, 46: S12-S17., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308497408707883617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=31, rfOrder=30, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Scalise AA, Kakogiannos N, Zanardi F, et al. The blood-brain and gut-vascular barriers: from the perspective of claudins [J]. Tissue Barriers, 2021, 9: 1926190., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308497408791769698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=32, rfOrder=31, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Luettig J, Rosenthal R, Barmeyer C, et al. Claudin-2 as a mediator of leaky gut barrier during intestinal inflammation [J]. Tissue Barriers, 2015, 3: e977176., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308497408871461475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=33, rfOrder=32, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Julian L, Olson MF. Rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinases (ROCK): structure, regulation, and functions [J]. Small GTPases, 2014, 5: e29846., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308497408938570340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=34, rfOrder=33, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lu W, Wang Y, Wen J. The roles of RhoA/ROCK/NF-κB pathway in microglia polarization following ischemic stroke [J]. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol, 2024, 19: 19., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1308497409009873509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=35, rfOrder=34, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xie X, Peng J, Chang X, et al. Activation of RhoA/ROCK regulates NF-κB signaling pathway in experimental diabetic nephropathy [J]. Mol Cell Endocrinol, 2013, 369: 86-97., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308497400394772990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308497400403161599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, companyId=1308497400394772990, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Chengdu Qingbaijiang District People's Hospital, Intensive Care Unit, Chengdu 610300, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308497400445104640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, companyId=1308497400394772990, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1成都市青白江区人民医院, 重症医学科, 四川 成都 610300)]), AuthorCompany(id=1308497400835174913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308497400843563522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, companyId=1308497400835174913, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308497400860340739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, companyId=1308497400835174913, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2西南大学药学院&中医药学院, 重庆 400715)]), AuthorCompany(id=1308497400940032516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308497400948421125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, companyId=1308497400940032516, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Faculty of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao 999078, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308497401145553414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, companyId=1308497400940032516, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3澳门理工大学健康科学及体育学院, 澳门 999078)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1308497405163696693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=GcO4rttlfyw/5TJ2fNqj/g==, figureFileBig=H+9BZnqb9AMYqFJXpW234g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308497405239194166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, language=CN, label=Fig.1, caption=The inflammatory cytokine in plasma. n = 6, x±s. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs Con; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 vs LPS. Con: Control; LPS: Lipopolysaccharide; Hyd: Hydrocortisone; MB: Methylene blue, figureFileSmall=GcO4rttlfyw/5TJ2fNqj/g==, figureFileBig=H+9BZnqb9AMYqFJXpW234g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308497405369217591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=s1eDdPns8Iv1ilhtymbXig==, figureFileBig=L/D3LOwC8CZI9S4kZ/FG1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308497405474075192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, language=CN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of MB treatment on LPS-induced intestinal inflammation. A: HE staining of jejunum; B: The mRNA level of inflammatory cytokine in jejunum; C: HE staining of colon; D: The mRNA level of inflammatory cytokine in colon. n = 6, x±s. **P < 0.01 vs Con; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 vs LPS. Red dashed box indicates inflammatory cell infiltration, figureFileSmall=s1eDdPns8Iv1ilhtymbXig==, figureFileBig=L/D3LOwC8CZI9S4kZ/FG1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308497405545378361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=zhZ6Dz09llPvJGaUejTFnw==, figureFileBig=eWMk/TRIpX5o6U9VFTWrxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308497405608292922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, language=CN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of MB treatment on LPS-induced intestinal barrier destruction. A: Evans staining of jejunum; B: Jejunum was stained with antibodies against ZO-1 (green) and DAPI (blue). n = 4, x±s. **P < 0.01 vs Con; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 vs LPS, figureFileSmall=zhZ6Dz09llPvJGaUejTFnw==, figureFileBig=eWMk/TRIpX5o6U9VFTWrxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308497405675401787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=PygVXBbArmNUs5Ws08/6KA==, figureFileBig=XXf3bniIhYB5IlrFjI+4SQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308497405755093564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, language=CN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effects of MB treatment on LPS-induced colon barrier destruction. A: Evans staining of colon; B: Colon was stained with antibodies against ZO-1 (green) and DAPI (blue). n = 4, x±s. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs Con; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 vs LPS, figureFileSmall=PygVXBbArmNUs5Ws08/6KA==, figureFileBig=XXf3bniIhYB5IlrFjI+4SQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308497405826396733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=8vqaDkhNFfj7iSqg7d2zZQ==, figureFileBig=u/L5R5VH7LvZN4dSPg1k9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308497405893505598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, language=CN, label=Fig.5, caption=Influence of MB on the cell viability of Caco-2 and RAW264.7 cells. n = 6, x±s. **P < 0.01 vs Con, figureFileSmall=8vqaDkhNFfj7iSqg7d2zZQ==, figureFileBig=u/L5R5VH7LvZN4dSPg1k9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308497405969003071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=RhdRKuYGtSml358wT70s7A==, figureFileBig=ni9XmKBOx94y+8iI6bS8wg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308497406040306240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, language=CN, label=Fig.6, caption=MB ameliorate LPS-induced Caco-2 cell barrier destruction. Effects of MB treatment on Caco-2 cell transmembrane resistance (A), migration (B), and tight junction protein expression (C and D); E: Caco-2 cell was stained with antibodies against F-actin (green) and DAPI (blue). n = 3, x±s. **P < 0.01 vs Con; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 vs LPS, figureFileSmall=RhdRKuYGtSml358wT70s7A==, figureFileBig=ni9XmKBOx94y+8iI6bS8wg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308497406119998017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=pXgeHQsYBp1rPqqQX13tfA==, figureFileBig=uZB7JSm52hYhTKggC/Dllw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1308497406203884098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, language=CN, label=Fig.7, caption=Influence of MB treatment on RhoA/ROCK1/MLC-2 pathway in Caco-2 cell. A: mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and NF-κB-p50; B: Caco-2 cell was stained with antibodies against NF-κB-p65 (red); C: Western blot bands for RhoA, p-RhoA, ROCK1, p-ROCK1, MLC-2, p-MLC-2. n = 3, x±s. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs Con; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 vs LPS, figureFileSmall=pXgeHQsYBp1rPqqQX13tfA==, figureFileBig=uZB7JSm52hYhTKggC/Dllw==, tableContent=null)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1189982048455397383, delFlag=0, nameCn=药学学报, nameEn=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=0513-4870, eissn=null, cn=11-2163/R, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=BTxjudbJDVO4PqdBR6On6Q==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=null, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1761643429151, updatedTime=1788948913902, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13041195026, firstLetterCn=Y, firstLetterEn=Y, subjectCode=Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=BTxjudbJDVO4PqdBR6On6Q==, picEn=c4l1ckL55nWbhl1KrFdWIA==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1304509553505227679, language=CN, name=药学学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=中国科学技术协会, sponsoredBy=中国药学会、中国医学科学院药物研究所, publishedBy=《药学学报》编辑委员会编辑出版, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1788948914171, updatedTime=1788948914171, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1304509553559753632, language=EN, name=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1788948914184, updatedTime=1788948914184, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1189982191388893191, websiteList=[Website(id=1189982271588340489, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189982191388893191, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1761643482348, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761643498101, updateBy=18614031015, name=药学学报-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=药学学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189982873114448678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761643625763, updateTime=1761643625763, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873093477155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761643625758, updateTime=1761643625758, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873135420201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643625768, updateTime=1761643625768, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873085088546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/file/pic?fileId=w+t2v8bJnX5lh3+hRRJcDA==, createTime=1761643625756, updateTime=1761643625756, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873152197419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643625772, updateTime=1761643625772, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873110254373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1761643625762, updateTime=1761643625762, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873143808810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643625770, updateTime=1761643625770, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873101865764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1761643625760, updateTime=1761643625760, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873122837287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761643625765, updateTime=1761643625765, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873127031592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761643625766, updateTime=1761643625766, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1189982271655449355, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189982191388893191, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1761643482364, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761643514085, updateBy=18614031015, name=药学学报-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189982903015633534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761643632892, updateTime=1761643632892, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982902990467707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761643632886, updateTime=1761643632886, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903036605057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643632897, updateTime=1761643632897, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982902982079098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/file/pic?fileId=w+t2v8bJnX5lh3+hRRJcDA==, createTime=1761643632884, updateTime=1761643632884, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903053382275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643632901, updateTime=1761643632901, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903007244925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1761643632890, updateTime=1761643632890, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903044993666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643632899, updateTime=1761643632899, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982902998856316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1761643632888, updateTime=1761643632888, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903019827839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761643632893, updateTime=1761643632893, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903028216448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761643632895, updateTime=1761643632895, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=药学学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/aps, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, journalPhotoCn=BTxjudbJDVO4PqdBR6On6Q==, journalPhotoEn=c4l1ckL55nWbhl1KrFdWIA==, journalFirstLetter=Y, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0008, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0008, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/PDF/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0008, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/PDF/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0008, aliStartDate=0, aliEndDate=0, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=1, orderTime=1749657600000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
亚甲蓝对脓毒症小鼠肠道屏障损伤的保护作用及机制研究
收藏切换
PDF下载
俸娜 1 , 张邦国 1 , 刘雨林 2 , 吴志钟彬 2 , 张继芬 2 , 俸珊 2 , 易涛 3, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2025,60(6): 1730-1738
收起
收藏切换
药学学报 |研究论文 2025 , 60 (6) : 1730 -1738
亚甲蓝对脓毒症小鼠肠道屏障损伤的保护作用及机制研究
全屏
[Author(id=1308497401212662280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1308497401585955338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, authorId=1308497401212662280, language=EN, stringName=Na FENG, firstName=Na, middleName=null, lastName=FENG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Chengdu Qingbaijiang District People's Hospital, Intensive Care Unit, Chengdu 610300, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1308497401720173068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, authorId=1308497401212662280, language=CN, stringName=俸娜, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1成都市青白江区人民医院, 重症医学科, 四川 成都 610300, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308497400394772990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308497400403161599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, companyId=1308497400394772990, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Chengdu Qingbaijiang District People's Hospital, Intensive Care Unit, Chengdu 610300, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308497400445104640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, companyId=1308497400394772990, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1成都市青白江区人民医院, 重症医学科, 四川 成都 610300)])]), Author(id=1308497401992802830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1308497402093466128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, authorId=1308497401992802830, language=EN, stringName=Bang-guo ZHANG, firstName=Bang-guo, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Chengdu Qingbaijiang District People's Hospital, Intensive Care Unit, Chengdu 610300, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1308497402420621841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, authorId=1308497401992802830, language=CN, stringName=张邦国, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1成都市青白江区人民医院, 重症医学科, 四川 成都 610300, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308497400394772990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308497400403161599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, companyId=1308497400394772990, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Chengdu Qingbaijiang District People's Hospital, Intensive Care Unit, Chengdu 610300, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308497400445104640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, companyId=1308497400394772990, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1成都市青白江区人民医院, 重症医学科, 四川 成都 610300)])]), Author(id=1308497402512896531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1308497402634531349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, authorId=1308497402512896531, language=EN, stringName=Yu-lin LIU, firstName=Yu-lin, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1308497402911355414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, authorId=1308497402512896531, language=CN, stringName=刘雨林, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2西南大学药学院&中医药学院, 重庆 400715, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308497400835174913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308497400843563522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, companyId=1308497400835174913, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308497400860340739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, companyId=1308497400835174913, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2西南大学药学院&中医药学院, 重庆 400715)])]), Author(id=1308497402982658584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1308497403058156058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, authorId=1308497402982658584, language=EN, stringName=Zhi-zhong-bin WU, firstName=Zhi-zhong-bin, middleName=null, lastName=WU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1308497403246899739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, authorId=1308497402982658584, language=CN, stringName=吴志钟彬, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2西南大学药学院&中医药学院, 重庆 400715, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308497400835174913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308497400843563522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, companyId=1308497400835174913, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308497400860340739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, companyId=1308497400835174913, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2西南大学药学院&中医药学院, 重庆 400715)])]), Author(id=1308497403322397213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1308497403402088991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, authorId=1308497403322397213, language=EN, stringName=Ji-fen ZHANG, firstName=Ji-fen, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1308497403469197856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, authorId=1308497403322397213, language=CN, stringName=张继芬, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2西南大学药学院&中医药学院, 重庆 400715, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308497400835174913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308497400843563522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, companyId=1308497400835174913, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308497400860340739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, companyId=1308497400835174913, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2西南大学药学院&中医药学院, 重庆 400715)])]), Author(id=1308497403540501026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1308497403611804196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, authorId=1308497403540501026, language=EN, stringName=Shan FENG, firstName=Shan, middleName=null, lastName=FENG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1308497403678913061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, authorId=1308497403540501026, language=CN, stringName=俸珊, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2西南大学药学院&中医药学院, 重庆 400715, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308497400835174913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308497400843563522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, companyId=1308497400835174913, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308497400860340739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, companyId=1308497400835174913, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2西南大学药学院&中医药学院, 重庆 400715)])]), Author(id=1308497403741827623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, orderNo=6, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=yitao@mpu.edu.mo, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1308497403817325097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, authorId=1308497403741827623, language=EN, stringName=Tao YI, firstName=Tao, middleName=null, lastName=YI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, *, address=3Faculty of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao 999078, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1308497403888628266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, authorId=1308497403741827623, language=CN, stringName=易涛, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, *, address=3澳门理工大学健康科学及体育学院, 澳门 999078, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1308497400940032516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308497400948421125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, companyId=1308497400940032516, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Faculty of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao 999078, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1308497401145553414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1308455448038896128, companyId=1308497400940032516, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3澳门理工大学健康科学及体育学院, 澳门 999078)])])]
俸娜1, 张邦国1, 刘雨林2, 吴志钟彬2, 张继芬2, 俸珊2, 易涛3, *
作者信息
  • 1成都市青白江区人民医院, 重症医学科, 四川 成都 610300
  • 2西南大学药学院&中医药学院, 重庆 400715
  • 3澳门理工大学健康科学及体育学院, 澳门 999078
通讯作者:
易涛, E-mail:
作者简介:

作者贡献:

俸娜、张邦国负责实验设计与实施、结果统计与分析、撰写论文; 刘雨林、吴志钟彬负责部分实验设计与实施、结果统计与分析; 张继芬、俸珊负责部分实验的设计与指导、修订论文; 俸珊、易涛负责研究思路的提出、实验设计指导、修订论文。

Protective effects of methylene blue on gut barrier injury in septic mice and its mechanisms
Na FENG1, Bang-guo ZHANG1, Yu-lin LIU2, Zhi-zhong-bin WU2, Ji-fen ZHANG2, Shan FENG2, Tao YI3, *
Affiliations
  • 1Chengdu Qingbaijiang District People's Hospital, Intensive Care Unit, Chengdu 610300, China
  • 2Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
  • 3Faculty of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao 999078, China
出版时间: 2025-06-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0008
文章导航
收藏切换

肠道屏障作为机体与外界环境接触的主要界面, 在脓毒症中扮演着至关重要的角色。亚甲蓝因其抗炎、抗氧化和改善微循环等多重药理作用, 被广泛运用于脓毒症的治疗中, 但其是否能改善脓毒症下肠道的屏障功能及其机制尚未知。本研究通过腹腔注射脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS) 构建脓毒症小鼠模型, 经HE染色、ELISA和RT-PCR等方法观察了亚甲蓝(5~20 mg·kg-1) 对脓毒症小鼠炎症改善情况, 经Evans染色、免疫荧光、RT-PCR分析了小鼠空肠和结肠组织屏障功能的变化。此外, 进一步在巨噬细胞RAW264.7和肠上皮细胞Caco-2中分别评价了亚甲蓝(40 μg·mL-1) 对LPS刺激下NF-κB和RhoA/ROCK信号通路的影响。本实验获得西南大学动物伦理委员会批准(批准号: IACUC-20241125-04)。研究结果显示, 亚甲蓝(5~20 mg·kg-1) 可显著抑制脓毒症小鼠血浆和肠道组织中的炎症因子水平, 上调空肠和结肠组织的紧密连接蛋白表达。体外实验证实, 亚甲蓝(40 μg·mL-1) 可抑制LPS导致的RAW264.7细胞炎症因子分泌增加, 其机制与抑制NF-κB通路有关。亚甲蓝(40 μg·mL-1) 还可逆转LPS导致的Caco-2细胞跨膜电阻降低、细胞迁移率下降, 其机制与抑制RhoA/ROCK信号通路有关。综上, 本研究证实亚甲蓝可通过抑制NF-κB通路改善肠道炎症, 还可经RhoA/ROCK信号通路改善肠道屏障功能, 最终减缓脓毒症的发生发展。

亚甲蓝  /  脓毒症  /  肠道屏障功能  /  NF-κB  /  RhoA/ROCK

The intestinal barrier, as the primary interface between the body and the external environment, plays a crucial role in sepsis. Methylene blue, with its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and microcirculatory-improving properties, has been widely used in the treatment of sepsis. However, whether it can improve intestinal barrier function in sepsis and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, a sepsis mouse model was established via intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The effects of methylene blue (5-20 mg·kg-1) on inflammation in septic mice were observed using HE staining, ELISA, and RT-PCR. Changes in intestinal barrier function in the jejunum and colon tissues were analyzed via Evans blue staining, immunofluorescence, and RT-PCR. Additionally, the effects of methylene blue (40 μg·mL-1) on NF-κB and RhoA/ROCK signaling pathways in LPS-stimulated macrophages (RAW264.7) and intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2) were evaluated. The animal study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Southwest University (Approval No.: IACUC-20241125-04). Results showed that methylene blue (5-20 mg·kg-1) significantly reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines in plasma and intestinal tissues of septic mice and upregulated the expression of tight junction proteins in the jejunum and colon. In vitro experiments confirmed that methylene blue (40 μg·mL-1) inhibited the increased secretion of inflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, a mechanism associated with NF-κB pathway inhibition. Methylene blue (40 μg·mL-1) also reversed the LPS-induced decrease in transmembrane electrical resistance and cell migration in Caco-2 cells, a mechanism related to RhoA/ROCK pathway inhibition. In summary, the present study demonstrated that methylene blue can improve intestinal inflammation by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway and enhance intestinal barrier function via the RhoA/ROCK pathway, ultimately alleviating the progression of sepsis.

methylene blue  /  sepsis  /  gut barrier function  /  NF-κB  /  RhoA/ROCK
俸娜, 张邦国, 刘雨林, 吴志钟彬, 张继芬, 俸珊, 易涛. 亚甲蓝对脓毒症小鼠肠道屏障损伤的保护作用及机制研究. 药学学报, 2025 , 60 (6) : 1730 -1738 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0008
Na FENG, Bang-guo ZHANG, Yu-lin LIU, Zhi-zhong-bin WU, Ji-fen ZHANG, Shan FENG, Tao YI. Protective effects of methylene blue on gut barrier injury in septic mice and its mechanisms[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2025 , 60 (6) : 1730 -1738 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0008
肠道屏障功能在脓毒症发生发展过程中起着重要作用[1, 2]。作为机体与外界环境接触的主要界面, 肠道不仅负责营养吸收, 还承担着抵御病原体和有害物质入侵的任务。在脓毒症状态下, 肠道屏障的完整性受到破坏, 导致肠道通透性增加, 细菌和内毒素等有害物质易位至肠系膜淋巴结, 甚至进入血液循环系统, 引发全身性炎症反应和免疫功能紊乱。肠道屏障功能的损害, 不仅加剧了脓毒症的病理进程, 还增加了多器官功能障碍综合征的风险[3-5]。因此, 维护和改善肠道屏障功能, 对于控制脓毒症的进展、预防并发症和改善预后具有重要意义。
亚甲蓝作为一种经典的药物, 被广泛用于治疗氰化物中毒、亚硝酸盐中毒以及某些类型的心律失常[6-8]。近年来, 研究发现亚甲蓝还具有抗炎、抗氧化和改善微循环等多重药理作用, 因此其也被运用于脓毒症的治疗当中[9-15]。亚甲蓝在脓毒症休克治疗中显示出显著效果, 其主要机制是通过抑制一氧化氮(nitric oxide, NO) 介导的扩血管作用, 改善血流动力学, 增加体循环阻力, 提高血压[16]。但亚甲蓝本身具有抗炎抗氧化功效是否有助于肠道屏障功能的改善, 还未知。
综上, 本研究利用脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS) 构建小鼠脓毒症模型, 并通过组织病理染色、Evans染色、ELISA和RT-PCR等实验方法评估亚甲蓝对脓毒症小鼠肠道炎症和屏障功能影响。此外, 利用RAW264.7巨噬细胞和Caco-2上皮细胞进行体外实验, 观察亚甲蓝对炎症和屏障功能障碍相关信号通路的影响。本研究评价了亚甲蓝对脓毒症小鼠肠道屏障功能的影响及其机制, 研究结果可为其治疗潜力提供新思路, 并扩展其在脓毒症中的应用。
实验试剂   LPS (碧云天生物技术有限公司, ST1470-10 mg); 亚甲蓝注射液(济川药业集团有限公司, 国药准字H32024827, 批号2306042); 氢化可的松(陕西顿斯制药有限公司, 批号24050405); 小鼠IL-6 ELISA试剂盒(FY2163-A)、小鼠TNF-α ELISA试剂盒(FY2132-A), 江苏菲亚生物科技有限公司; anti-ZO1 tight junction protein rabbit pAb (GB115686-100)、无酶水(G4700), 赛维尔生物科技公司; AG RNAex Pro RNA提取试剂(AG21102)、Evo M-MLV反转率预混型试剂盒(AG11616)、SYBR Green Pro Taq HS预混型qPCR试剂盒(AG11701), 艾科瑞生物科技有限公司; 无水乙醇(麦克林化学试剂有限公司, E809056-500 mL); 异丙醇(20220601)、三氯甲烷(20220101), 重庆川东化工(集团) 有限公司。
实验动物   60只6周龄C57/BL6J小鼠, 雄性, SPF级; 体重20 ± 2 g, 购于湖南斯莱克景达实验动物有限公司, 动物生产许可证号: SCXK (湘) 2019-0004。实验动物质量合格证号NO.430727220102737665。伦理审查号: IACUC-20241125-04。小鼠饲养于西南大学实验动物中心[动物实验设施许可证编号SYXK (渝) 2020-0006]。实验动物饲养过程中保持环境温度22 ± 2 ℃、湿度55% ± 15%, 饮水摄食自由, 并维持12 h/12 h日夜循环模式。实验动物的饲养和使用均符合中国《实验动物管理条例》。
动物实验   将60只C57/BL6J小鼠随机分为6组: 空白组、LPS组、氢化可的松(阳性对照组)、亚甲蓝低、中、高剂量组。对于LPS组和亚甲蓝组小鼠, 第一天腹腔注射10 mg·kg-1 LPS, 第二天腹腔注射5 mg·kg-1 LPS。第三天开始, 给予亚甲蓝组小鼠腹腔注射亚甲蓝5、10、20 mg·kg-1, 连续注射3天后, 各组取3只小鼠进行伊文思蓝灌注染色, 其余小鼠处死取血、空肠、结肠组织用于后续分析。阳性对照组小鼠腹腔注射氢化可的松40 μg·kg-1, 连续注射3天, 实验结束后处死取血、空肠、结肠组织用于后续分析。
RAW264.7细胞炎症因子测定   调整每毫升细胞数为1×106个。6孔板种板, 于37 ℃、5% CO2细胞培养箱中培养, 1天后开始实验。给予LPS (1 μg·mL-1), 2 h后加入亚甲蓝(40 μg·mL-1) 或氢化可的松(10 μmol·L-1), 再共同孵育24 h后, 收集细胞, 提取RNA, 做RT-PCR分析。
Caco-2细胞跨膜电阻测定   调整每毫升细胞数为1×106个, 6孔Transwell板种板, 连续培养14天, 当其跨膜电阻值大于400 Ω·cm2时, 给予1 μg·mL-1 LPS, 2 h后加入40 μg·mL-1亚甲蓝, 再共同孵育24 h后, 弃去培养基, 用PBS润洗2次, 上室加入2 mL HBSS, 下室加入3 mL HBSS, 室温下平衡30 min, 使用Millicell® ERS-2细胞电阻仪, 记录电阻值。
Caco-2划痕实验   调整Caco-2细胞密度并种于24孔板(2×105个/孔), 细胞培养箱中过夜培养, 待细胞贴壁生长至密度约为80%后, 用1 mL枪头在孔板内垂直划一道痕, 用PBS冲洗3次。给予1 μg·mL-1 LPS, 2 h后加入40 μg·mL-1亚甲蓝, 再共同孵育24 h后, 于显微镜下拍照记录0、24 h划痕。Image J软件计算出划痕区域的面积, 并计算细胞迁移率, 见公式(1)。
细胞迁移率= (0 h划痕面积-24 h划痕面积) / 0 h划痕面积×100%(1)
Caco-2细胞爬片及免疫荧光染色   调整每毫升细胞数为1×105个, 取200 μL细胞悬液接种于细胞爬片上, 待细胞愈合度达80%时, 给予1 μg·mL-1 LPS, 2 h后加入40 μg·mL-1亚甲蓝, 再共同孵育24 h后, 4%多聚甲醛固定爬片, 免疫荧光染色(一抗ZO-1的稀释比例为1∶200)。
伊文思蓝染色   各组小鼠经尾静脉注射0.2%伊文思蓝溶液, 2 h后脱颈处死, 然后灌注生理盐水。迅速取出空肠和结肠组织(各组取同等重量的组织), 分别加入0.1 g·mL-1甲酰胺匀浆, 在45 ℃孵育45 h后5 000 r·min-1离心10 min。取上清于620 nm处测量吸光度值。伊文思蓝含量按标准曲线计算。
HE染色   取空肠和结肠组织固定于4%中性甲醛中, 脱水、包埋、切制4 μm厚的石蜡切片后, 进行常规HE染色, 于光学显微镜下观察空肠和结肠组织形态。并根据炎症程度进行评分[17, 18]: 0分: 无炎症细胞浸润; 1分: 黏膜层少量炎症细胞浸润; 2分: 黏膜层和黏膜下层炎症细胞浸润; 3分: 全层炎症细胞浸润。
ELISA分析   小鼠摘眼球取血, 血液静置后3 000 r·min-1离心30 min, 上清液样本参照试剂盒完成分析。
RT-PCR分析   将小鼠颈椎脱臼处死后, 立即取出空肠和结肠组织, 生理盐水洗去内容物并润洗干净后, 吸水纸除去组织表面水分。取20 mg组织, Trizol法提取RNA。后续根据试剂盒说明书进行反转录和扩增实验。引物序列信息: IL-1β (F: 5'-GAAATGATGGCTTATTACAGTGGC-3', R: 3'-GTGGTGGTCGGAG-ATTCGTA-5'), IL-6 (F: 5'-ACTGGTCTTTTGGAGTT-TGAGGT-3', R: 3'-ATTTGTGGTTGGGTCAGGGG-5'), TNF-α (F: 5'-GCAACAAGACCACCACTTCG-3', R: 3'-CCAGAACCAAAGGCTCCCTG-5'), NF-κB-p50 (F: 5'-ATGGTGGTCGGCTTCGCAA-3', R: 3'-AATAGGC-AAGGTCAGGGTGC-5'), NF-κB-RelA (F: 5'-TTCCA-AGAAGAGCAGCGTGG-3', R: 3'-GGATGAGAAAGG-ACAGGCGG-5'), ZO-1 (F: 5'-GCTATTCCTGTGAGT-CCTTCAG-3', R: 3'-CACGCCCCCATTGCTGTTA-5'), ZO-2 (F: 5'-CGAACGGGTCTGGCAACTAA-3', R: 3'-CTGCTGGCTGTCTCTCAACA-5'), claudin-5 (F: 5'-TCAGTCGGGGATGTGGGAGT-3', R: 3'-AAGTTAGGGAAACAACGGCTCT-5'), occludin (F: 5'-CTACAAATGGACCTCTCCTCC-3', R: 3'-CACACAGGC-AAAGATGGCAA-5'), β-actin (F: 5'-GATTACTGCTC-TGGCTCCTA-3', R: 3'-ATCGTACTCCTGCTTGCTGA-5')。
Western blot分析   提取组织蛋白后, 对蛋白进行定量后再上样分析。其中一抗的稀释比例如下: Rho A、p-Rho A、ROCK1、p-ROCK1、MLC-2和p-MLC-2均为1∶1 000; ZO-1为1∶1 000; tubulin为1∶1 000。
统计学分析   实验数据以x±s表示, 采用SPSS 27.0软件进行数据分析, 组间比较进行t检验。P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。
炎症因子暴发是脓毒症发生发展的主要因素, 本研究首先评价了亚甲蓝对高剂量LPS导致小鼠炎症的影响。研究结果如图1所示, LPS可导致小鼠血浆中TNF-α、IL-6水平显著升高, 而亚甲蓝(5~20 mg·kg-1) 可显著抑制其升高(P < 0.05)。进一步对空肠和结肠组织进行HE染色, 组织病理学观察表明LPS组中空肠和结肠组织出现大量炎症细胞浸润, 而亚甲蓝可显著改善炎症细胞在肠道组织中的浸润(图2A、C)。进一步组织病理学评分也显示, LPS导致的空肠和结肠炎症评分分别为3分和2分, 提示有大量炎症细胞浸润。而亚甲蓝治疗组炎症评分显著降低, 空肠组得分为1分, 而结肠组为0分, 提示亚甲蓝可显著抑制炎症细胞浸润。对空肠和结肠组织中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6和NF-κB-p50的mRNA转录水平进行PCR分析后也发现, 亚甲蓝可显著抑制LPS导致的肠道组织炎症因子在转录水平上的升高(P < 0.05, 图2B、D)。
在明确亚甲蓝可抑制脓毒症下小鼠肠道组织中炎症因子水平升高后, 本研究继续观察亚甲蓝对LPS导致肠道屏障损伤的影响。Evans染色结果显示LPS组空肠和结肠组织蓝染加深, 而亚甲蓝(5~20 mg·kg-1) 可抑制Evans蓝染, 提示亚甲蓝能改善LPS导致的肠道屏障功能破坏(图3A、4A)。对小鼠肠道组织上的紧密连接蛋白闭锁小带蛋白1 (zonula occludens-1, ZO-1) 进行免疫荧光染色, 也发现亚甲蓝组小鼠肠上皮细胞间的荧光显著增强(图3B、4B, P < 0.05), 提示亚甲蓝可能通过上调肠上皮细胞间的紧密连接蛋白表达, 改善小鼠肠道屏障功能。
Caco-2细胞是一种人结直肠腺癌细胞系, 广泛应用于体外肠道屏障功能的研究。细胞存活率结果显示, 亚甲蓝在10~80 μg·mL-1内对Caco-2细胞的存活率无影响(图5), 故后续选择40 μg·mL-1开展实验。结果表明亚甲蓝(40 μg·mL-1) 可抑制LPS导致的Caco-2细胞跨膜电阻降低(图6A)、细胞迁移率下降(图6B), 以及紧密连接蛋白表达下调(图6C、D) 和骨架蛋白F-actin重塑(图6E)。
RAW264.7细胞是小鼠单核巨噬细胞白血病细胞系, 广泛用于研究细胞吞噬、细胞免疫和分子免疫学。细胞存活率结果显示, 亚甲蓝在10~160 μg·mL-1内对RAW264.7细胞的存活率无影响(图5), 故后续选择40 μg·mL-1开展实验。本研究利用RAW264.7细胞, 观察了亚甲蓝对LPS激活RAW264.7细胞中NF-κB信号通路的影响, 结果显示亚甲蓝(40 μg·mL-1) 可抑制LPS导致的TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6和NF-κB-p50的转录水平的升高(图7A), 而这可能与抑制NF-κB入核有关(图7B)。
RhoA-ROCK为调控肠道屏障功能的关键信号通路。RhoA在受到多种刺激(如LPS) 时会被激活, 激活的RhoA与ROCK结合后, 使肌球蛋白轻链激酶(myosin light chain kinase, MLCK) 活化, 上调磷酸化肌球蛋白轻链(phosphorylated myosin light chain, p-MLC) 水平, 从而增加肠上皮通透性, 减弱屏障作用。研究结果显示, 亚甲蓝(40 μg·mL-1) 可抑制LPS导致的RhoA、ROCK、MLC磷酸化水平升高(图7C), 提示亚甲蓝对LPS导致的肠道屏障损伤与抑制RhoA-ROCK信号通路有关。
本研究评价了亚甲蓝对LPS导致的小鼠脓毒症模型中肠道炎症和屏障功能的影响。研究结果证实亚甲蓝在5~20 mg·kg-1内对小鼠炎症标志物和肠道屏障完整性具有显著改善作用, 其机制与NF-κB和RhoA/ROCK信号通路有关。
NF-κB在调控免疫反应、炎症反应、细胞生长与死亡等多种生理过程中起着关键作用[19, 20], 其家族包含RelA (p65)、RelB、c-Rel、p50/p105 (NF-κB 1) 和p52/p100 (NF-κB2) 等亚单位, 它们可以形成二聚体并参与下游炎症基因的表达调控。在非活性状态下, NF-κB位于细胞质中, 与抑制蛋白IκB绑定, 不参与下游基因调控。当细胞受到刺激时(如LPS), IκB被磷酸化并随后降解, 释放NF-κB, 使其转移到细胞核中, 激活下游炎症基因的转录表达[21]。在脓毒症的发生发展过程中, 炎症因子暴发是主要的驱动因素, 也是脓毒症治疗中的首要控制环节[22, 23]。Wang等[24, 25]的研究也证实亚甲蓝可以改善脓毒症大鼠的存活率和心肺功能, 同时亚甲蓝也被发现可抑制巨噬细胞炎症反应[26]。与之前研究结果相似, 本研究证实亚甲蓝(40 μg·mL-1) 可抑制LPS导致的NF-κB入核(图7B), 继而抑制RAW264.7细胞中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6和NF-κB-p50的转录水平的升高, 该结果与动物实验中观察到的抗炎作用相一致, 也提示亚甲蓝对LPS导致的炎症与抑制NF-κB信号通路激活有关。此外, 一氧化氮合酶(inducible nitric oxide synthase, iNOS) 和可溶性鸟苷酸环化酶(soluble guanylate cyclase, sGC) 为亚甲蓝的主要作用靶点, 其可通过抑制iNOS和sGC, 减少一氧化氮和环磷酸鸟苷的生成, 从而抑制血管平滑肌松弛, 发挥升压作用。研究证实, NF-κB亦可调控iNOS的表达, iNOS也可作为NF-κB激活的表型因子之一[27]。本研究证实亚甲蓝可抑制炎症导致的NF-κB激活, 提示其可进一步抑制iNOS的表达, 在脓毒症休克中发挥抗炎、下调iNOS表达与抑制iNOS活性等多重保护作用。
肠道上皮细胞中的紧密连接蛋白在维持肠道黏膜屏障中起着至关重要的作用。这些蛋白主要包括闭锁小带蛋白ZO-1、闭合蛋白occludin、闭合蛋白claudin-5、闭合小环蛋白等[28]。紧密连接蛋白位于肠道上皮细胞的侧膜表面, 它们相互作用形成复杂的结构, 以维持肠道屏障的完整性。紧密连接蛋白的异常表达或功能失调与多种疾病相关, 包括炎症性肠病、肾脏疾病、自身免疫疾病等。因此, 紧密连接蛋白的结构和功能对于维持肠道屏障的完整性至关重要[29, 30]。本研究证实亚甲蓝(40 μg·mL-1) 可抑制LPS导致Caco-2细胞跨膜电阻降低(图6A)、细胞迁移率下降(图6B), 以及紧密连接蛋白ZO-1表达下调(图6C)。该结果与动物实验中观察亚甲蓝上调小鼠肠道上皮细胞中紧密连接蛋白ZO-1表达相一致, 也提示亚甲蓝对LPS导致的肠道屏障损伤与上调上皮细胞间紧密连接蛋白表达有关。
RhoA-ROCK为调控肠道屏障功能的关键信号通路[31, 32]。RhoA在受到多种刺激(如LPS) 时会被激活, 激活的RhoA与ROCK结合后, 增加钙调蛋白形成, 上调细胞内Ca2+浓度, 使肌球蛋白轻链激酶MLCK活化, 上调磷酸化肌球蛋白轻链p-MLC水平, 从而增加肠上皮通透性, 减弱屏障作用[33]。研究结果显示, 亚甲蓝可抑制(40 μg·mL-1) LPS导致Caco-2细胞中的RhoA、ROCK、MLC磷酸化水平升高, 拮抗骨架蛋白F-actin重塑, 提示亚甲蓝对LPS导致的肠道屏障损伤也与抑制RhoA-ROCK信号通路激活有关。此外, 虽然本研究证实了亚甲蓝对脓毒症小鼠肠道屏障功能的保护作用及其机制, 但亚甲蓝在脓毒症中对肠道屏障功能的最佳治疗窗口仍需进一步研究来确认。
NF-κB与RhoA-ROCK信号通路之间存在复杂的相互调节机制[34, 35]。RhoA-ROCK信号通路激活后, 可促进NF-κB从细胞质向细胞核转位, 诱导炎症因子的产生, 形成炎症级联反应。反之, NF-κB的激活也可能通过调控炎症因子间接影响RhoA-ROCK信号通路。这种相互作用在神经炎症、血-脑屏障等多种病理过程中发挥重要作用。本研究证实, 亚甲蓝可抑制LPS导致的NF-κB与RhoA-ROCK信号通路激活, 而其究竟是通过通路间的相互作用发挥抑制效果, 还是对NF-κB与RhoA-ROCK均具有抑制效果, 还需要进一步的机制研究进行证实。

参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
1
Gai X, Wang Y, Gao D, et al. Risk factors for the prognosis of patients with sepsis in intensive care units [J]. PLoS One, 2022, 17: e0273377.
2
Rowlands BJ, Soong CV, Gardiner KR. The gastrointestinal tract as a barrier in sepsis [J]. Br Med Bull, 1999, 55: 196-211.
3
Vincent JL. Current sepsis therapeutics [J]. EBioMedicine, 2022, 86: 104318.
4
Liu D, Huang SY, Sun JH, et al. Sepsis-induced immunosuppression: mechanisms, diagnosis and current treatment options [J]. Mil Med Res, 2022, 9: 56.
5
Huang M, Cai S, Su J. The pathogenesis of sepsis and potential therapeutic targets [J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2019, 20: 5376.
6
Qin Y, Xu RX, Gu QK. Research progress on the treatment methods for acute hydrogen sulfide poisoning [J]. Chin J Gen Pract (中国全科医学), 2016, 19: 235-237.
7
Qin XF. Experience in the treatment of 56 patients with acute nitrite poisoning [J]. Guide China Med (中国医药指南), 2011, 9: 77-78.
8
Lin L, Qian PL, Zhu CQ, et al. Analysis of 9 cases of acute nitrite poisoning treated with hyperbaric oxygen combined with medication [J]. Chin J Gen Med (中华全科医学), 2012, 10: 1149, 1162.
9
Tucker D, Lu Y, Zhang Q. From mitochondrial function to neuroprotection-an emerging role for methylene blue [J]. Mol Neurobiol, 2018, 55: 5137-5153.
10
Pushparajah Mak RS, Liebelt EL. Methylene blue: an antidote for methemoglobinemia and beyond [J]. Pediatr Emerg Care, 2021, 37: 474-477.
11
Arias-Ortiz J, Vincent JL. Administration of methylene blue in septic shock: pros and cons [J]. Crit Care, 2024, 28: 46.
12
Cwalinski T, Polom W, Marano L, et al. Methylene blue-current knowledge, fluorescent properties, and its future use [J]. J Clin Med, 2020, 9: 3538.
13
Pruna A, Bonaccorso A, Belletti A, et al. Methylene blue reduces mortality in critically ill and perioperative patients: a meta-analysis of randomized trials [J]. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth, 2024, 38: 268-274.
14
Li WJ, Yan XX, Lu MS. Effects of continuous intravenous infusion of methylene blue on patients with septic shock [J]. J Henan Med Coll (河南医学高等专科学校学报), 2024, 36: 326-329.
15
Huang JF. Clinical Study on the Effect of Methylene Blue on Inflammatory Factors in Patients with Sepsis (亚甲蓝对脓毒症患者炎症因子影响的临床研究) [D]. Kunming: Kunming University of Science and Technology, 2023.
16
Saha BK, Burns SL. The story of nitric oxide, sepsis and methylene blue: a comprehensive pathophysiologic review [J]. Am J Med Sci, 2020, 360: 329-337.
17
Ye ZY, Xiao SY, Li ZS, et al. Expert consensus on pathological diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease in China [J]. Chin J Inflammatory Bowel Dis (中华炎性肠病杂志), 2021, 5: 5-20.
18
Xue XW, Li XQ, Zhou LR, et al. Scoring analysis of different staining systems in routine HE staining [J]. Chin J Pathol (中华病理学杂志), 2016, 45: 262-263.
19
Yu H, Lin L, Zhang Z, et al. Targeting NF-κB pathway for the therapy of diseases: mechanism and clinical study [J]. Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2020, 5: 209.
20
Hayden MS, Ghosh S. Shared principles in NF-kappaB signaling [J]. Cell, 2008, 132: 344-362.
21
Hoesel B, Schmid JA. The complexity of NF-κB signaling in inflammation and cancer [J]. Mol Cancer, 2013, 12: 86.
22
Xie CY, Wang XK, You XF. Research progress in drugs for treating sepsis [J]. Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 2020, 55: 413-420.
23
Feng YY, Xie YY, Wang YP, et al. Molecular mechanism of Xuebijing injection in treatment of sepsis according to "drug-target-pathway" network [J]. Acta Pharm Sin (药学学报), 2017, 52: 556-562.
24
Wang Y, Xi XJ, Yu XY. Effects of methylene blue on heart and lung function of septic rats in different periods [J]. J Xinjiang Med Univ (新疆医科大学学报), 2012, 35: 906-911.
25
Dai C, Zhu XM, Yu XY. Effect of methylene blue on blood pressure and mortality in rats with sepsis [J]. J Xinjiang Med Univ (新疆医科大学学报), 2016, 39: 433-436.
26
Zhang BB, Yang JW, Xie XM. Effect of methylene-blue on LPS-induced inflammatory reaction in macrophages [J]. Clin Eng (临床医学工程), 2015, 22: 1429-1431.
27
Hu W, Zou L, Yu N, et al. Catalpol rescues LPS-induced cognitive impairment via inhibition of NF-κB-regulated neuroinflammation and up-regulation of TrkB-mediated BDNF secretion in mice [J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2024, 319: 117345.
28
Zeisel MB, Dhawan P, Baumert TF. Tight junction proteins in gastrointestinal and liver disease [J]. Gut, 2019, 68: 547-561.
29
Horowitz A, Chanez-Paredes SD, Haest X, et al. Paracellular permeability and tight junction regulation in gut health and disease [J]. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2023, 20: 417-432.
30
Scaldaferri F, Pizzoferrato M, Gerardi V, et al. The gut barrier: new acquisitions and therapeutic approaches [J]. J Clin Gastroenterol, 2012, 46: S12-S17.
31
Scalise AA, Kakogiannos N, Zanardi F, et al. The blood-brain and gut-vascular barriers: from the perspective of claudins [J]. Tissue Barriers, 2021, 9: 1926190.
32
Luettig J, Rosenthal R, Barmeyer C, et al. Claudin-2 as a mediator of leaky gut barrier during intestinal inflammation [J]. Tissue Barriers, 2015, 3: e977176.
33
Julian L, Olson MF. Rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinases (ROCK): structure, regulation, and functions [J]. Small GTPases, 2014, 5: e29846.
34
Lu W, Wang Y, Wen J. The roles of RhoA/ROCK/NF-κB pathway in microglia polarization following ischemic stroke [J]. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol, 2024, 19: 19.
35
Xie X, Peng J, Chang X, et al. Activation of RhoA/ROCK regulates NF-κB signaling pathway in experimental diabetic nephropathy [J]. Mol Cell Endocrinol, 2013, 369: 86-97.
2025年第60卷第6期
PDF下载
222
103
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0008
  • 接收时间:2025-01-04
  • 首发时间:2026-09-20
  • 出版时间:2025-06-12
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-04
  • 修回日期:2025-03-25
基金
作者信息
    1成都市青白江区人民医院, 重症医学科, 四川 成都 610300
    2西南大学药学院&中医药学院, 重庆 400715
    3澳门理工大学健康科学及体育学院, 澳门 999078

通讯作者:

易涛, E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0008
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏