Article(id=1222469965874193239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1222469957925986888, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2019-0088, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1548432000000, receivedDateStr=2019-01-26, revisedDate=1551974400000, revisedDateStr=2019-03-08, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1769389152258, onlineDateStr=2026-01-26, pubDate=1568217600000, pubDateStr=2019-09-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1769389152258, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1769389152258, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1769389152258, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1222469957925986888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2019', volume='54', issue='9', pageStart='1531', pageEnd='1710', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1769389150363, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1769389521923, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1222471516416106987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1222469957925986888, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1222471516416106988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1222469957925986888, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1606, endPage=1611, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1222469966499144555, articleId=1222469965874193239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Ginsenoside CK induces apoptosis of human liver cancer SMMC-7721 cells through inhibition of TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study aimed to investigate apoptosis induction of ginsenoside compound K (ginsenoside CK) in human liver cancer SMMC-7721 cells and the involvement of TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway. MTT assay was used to detect cell viability following ginsenoside CK treatment in SMMC-7721 cells. Annexin V-FITC/PI assay was used to detect apoptosis. After ginsenoside CK, or TGF-β1/Smads pathway activator TGFβ1 and inhibitor LY2109761 treatment, the TGF-β1/Smads pathway proteins and apoptosis proteins were detected by Western blot. The results showed that ginsenoside CK inhibited the proliferation of SMMC-7721 cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner. Annexin V-FITC/PI showed that ginsenoside CK induced apoptosis in SMMC-7721 cells. Meanwhile, ginsenoside CK inhibited the expression of Smad2/3, p-Smad2/3, Smad4, but promoted Smad7 expression, cleavage of caspase-3 and down-regulated Bcl-2/Bax. Compared with TGFβ1 treatment alone, levels of Smad2/3, p-Smad2/3, Smad4 and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax were down-regulated, whereas Smad7 or cleaved caspase-3 was up-regulated in the ginsenoside CK+TGF-β1 group. In addition, Smad2/3, p-Smad2/3 and Smad4 expression were decreased in LY2109761 group. Compared with LY2109761 group, cleaved caspase-3 expression and Bcl-2/Bax have no significant change in ginsenoside CK+LY2109761 group. Taken together, our results showed that ginsenoside CK induced apoptosis in SMMC-7721 cells, and such induction is related to inhibiting TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway.

, correspAuthors=Xue-wu ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2019 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yan YAN, Si-lin ZHANG, Jia-xin CHEN, Wen-jun JIAO, Xue-wu ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1222469967929402282, articleId=1222469965874193239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=人参皂苷CK通过抑制TGF-β1/Smads通路诱导人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞凋亡的作用, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

探讨人参皂苷CK(ginsenoside,CK)通过抑制TGF-β1/Smads通路诱导人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞凋亡的作用。采用MTT法检测人参皂苷CK对人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞增殖的作用;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡;Western blot技术分别检测加入人参皂苷CK、TGF-β1/Smads通路激活剂TGFβ1及抑制剂LY2109761后TGF-β1/Smads通路相关蛋白及凋亡相关蛋白的表达水平。结果显示,人参皂苷CK能够抑制人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞的增殖,诱导细胞凋亡,上调cleaved caspase-3的表达,下调Bcl-2/Bax值。检测TGF-β1/Smads通路发现,人参皂苷CK能够下调Smad2/3、p-Smad2/3和Smad4表达,促进Smad7表达;抑制TGFβ1诱导的Smad2/3、p-Smad2/3和Smad4上调,并促进cleaved caspase-3的表达,下调Bcl-2/Bax值;加入LY2109761后,Smad2/3、p-Smad2/3和Smad4表达量显著降低,而人参皂苷CK对抑制TGF-β1/Smads通路诱导的细胞凋亡没有显著影响,LY2109761组与LY2109761+人参皂苷CK组cleaved caspase-3的表达及Bcl-2/Bax值无明显变化。研究表明,人参皂苷CK可以诱导人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞凋亡,其作用机制与抑制TGF-β1/Smads通路有关。

, correspAuthors=张学武, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*张学武, Tel:86-433-2435102, Fax:86-433-2435104, E-mail:
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Int J Colorectal Dis, 2010, 25: 591-599., articleTitle=Role of TGF-beta 1, its receptor TGFbetaRⅡ, and Smad proteins in the progression of colorectal cancer, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1222513649298694429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1222469965874193239, awardId=81760728, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(81760728), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1222513644353610477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1222469965874193239, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1222513644366193390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1222469965874193239, companyId=1222513644353610477, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji 133002, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1222513644429107962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1222469965874193239, companyId=1222513644353610477, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=延边大学医学院, 吉林 延吉 133002)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1222513647797133456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1222469965874193239, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=z7+V4FIF1cAkxhI6/5iFxQ==, figureFileBig=a26dVWi4T1qnu8ZZrBgM9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1222513647960711325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1222469965874193239, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= Effect of ginsenoside CK on the survival rate of SMMC-7721 cells. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> vehicle , figureFileSmall=z7+V4FIF1cAkxhI6/5iFxQ==, figureFileBig=a26dVWi4T1qnu8ZZrBgM9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1222513648115900592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1222469965874193239, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=X32mQvkETtiOEWgyL7rM7A==, figureFileBig=0+d0y2cultGMa4OwCSLK2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1222513648241729724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1222469965874193239, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Effect of ginsenoside CK on apoptosis of SMMC-7721 cell. SMMC-7721 cells were treated with ginsenoside CK (20, 40, 60 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup>) for 48 h. A: Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining assay; B: Western blot assay. a: Vehicle; b: 20 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup> ginsenoside CK; c: 40 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup> ginsenoside CK; d: 60 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup> ginsenoside CK. <i>n</i> = 3, $\bar{x}\pm s$. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> vehicle , figureFileSmall=X32mQvkETtiOEWgyL7rM7A==, figureFileBig=0+d0y2cultGMa4OwCSLK2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1222513648354975942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1222469965874193239, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=N2tMGTGd0GKCYUPn+IyMxw==, figureFileBig=OOHOEOwnaoz+T1HlmzfvcA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1222513648468222163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1222469965874193239, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= Effect of ginsenoside CK on TGF-<i>β</i>1/Smads pathway related protein expression. SMMC-7721 cells were treated with ginsenoside CK (20, 40, 60 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup>) for 48 h. a: Vehicle; b: 20 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup> ginsenoside CK; c: 40 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup> ginsenoside CK; d: 60 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup> ginsenoside CK. <i>n</i> = 3, $\bar{x}\pm s$. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> vehicle , figureFileSmall=N2tMGTGd0GKCYUPn+IyMxw==, figureFileBig=OOHOEOwnaoz+T1HlmzfvcA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1222513648564691168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1222469965874193239, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=SeWczIqKkXfen/c1EVaotQ==, figureFileBig=RVNh6wvXmmxmjvvyJeGQqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1222513648682131689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1222469965874193239, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= Effect of ginsenoside CK on TGF-<i>β</i>1/Smads pathway related protein and apoptosis related protein expression. SMMC-7721 cells were pretreated with ginsenoside CK (40 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup>), TGF-<i>β</i>1(10 ng·mL<sup>-1</sup>), TGF-<i>β</i>1 (10 ng·mL<sup>-1</sup>) + ginsenoside CK (40 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup>) for 48 h. <i>n</i> = 3, $\bar{x}\pm s$. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> vehicle; <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> TGF-<i>β</i>1 , figureFileSmall=SeWczIqKkXfen/c1EVaotQ==, figureFileBig=RVNh6wvXmmxmjvvyJeGQqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1222513648795377910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1222469965874193239, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=nYySSnHgEkhEpJbh9A6TGA==, figureFileBig=DHo6ol1NkgbqWqPItvBvZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1222513648950567173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1222469965874193239, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= Effect of ginsenoside CK on TGF-<i>β</i>1/Smads pathway related protein and apoptosis related protein expression. 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人参皂苷CK通过抑制TGF-β1/Smads通路诱导人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞凋亡的作用
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闫岩 , 张斯琳 , 陈佳欣 , 焦文君 , 张学武 *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2019,54(9): 1606-1611
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2019, 54(9): 1606-1611
人参皂苷CK通过抑制TGF-β1/Smads通路诱导人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞凋亡的作用
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闫岩, 张斯琳, 陈佳欣, 焦文君, 张学武*
作者信息
  • 延边大学医学院, 吉林 延吉 133002

通讯作者:

*张学武, Tel:86-433-2435102, Fax:86-433-2435104, E-mail:
Ginsenoside CK induces apoptosis of human liver cancer SMMC-7721 cells through inhibition of TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway
Yan YAN, Si-lin ZHANG, Jia-xin CHEN, Wen-jun JIAO, Xue-wu ZHANG*
Affiliations
  • Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji 133002, China
出版时间: 2019-09-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2019-0088
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探讨人参皂苷CK(ginsenoside,CK)通过抑制TGF-β1/Smads通路诱导人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞凋亡的作用。采用MTT法检测人参皂苷CK对人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞增殖的作用;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡;Western blot技术分别检测加入人参皂苷CK、TGF-β1/Smads通路激活剂TGFβ1及抑制剂LY2109761后TGF-β1/Smads通路相关蛋白及凋亡相关蛋白的表达水平。结果显示,人参皂苷CK能够抑制人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞的增殖,诱导细胞凋亡,上调cleaved caspase-3的表达,下调Bcl-2/Bax值。检测TGF-β1/Smads通路发现,人参皂苷CK能够下调Smad2/3、p-Smad2/3和Smad4表达,促进Smad7表达;抑制TGFβ1诱导的Smad2/3、p-Smad2/3和Smad4上调,并促进cleaved caspase-3的表达,下调Bcl-2/Bax值;加入LY2109761后,Smad2/3、p-Smad2/3和Smad4表达量显著降低,而人参皂苷CK对抑制TGF-β1/Smads通路诱导的细胞凋亡没有显著影响,LY2109761组与LY2109761+人参皂苷CK组cleaved caspase-3的表达及Bcl-2/Bax值无明显变化。研究表明,人参皂苷CK可以诱导人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞凋亡,其作用机制与抑制TGF-β1/Smads通路有关。

肝癌  /  人参皂苷CK  /  转化生长因子β1/Smads通路  /  细胞凋亡

This study aimed to investigate apoptosis induction of ginsenoside compound K (ginsenoside CK) in human liver cancer SMMC-7721 cells and the involvement of TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway. MTT assay was used to detect cell viability following ginsenoside CK treatment in SMMC-7721 cells. Annexin V-FITC/PI assay was used to detect apoptosis. After ginsenoside CK, or TGF-β1/Smads pathway activator TGFβ1 and inhibitor LY2109761 treatment, the TGF-β1/Smads pathway proteins and apoptosis proteins were detected by Western blot. The results showed that ginsenoside CK inhibited the proliferation of SMMC-7721 cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner. Annexin V-FITC/PI showed that ginsenoside CK induced apoptosis in SMMC-7721 cells. Meanwhile, ginsenoside CK inhibited the expression of Smad2/3, p-Smad2/3, Smad4, but promoted Smad7 expression, cleavage of caspase-3 and down-regulated Bcl-2/Bax. Compared with TGFβ1 treatment alone, levels of Smad2/3, p-Smad2/3, Smad4 and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax were down-regulated, whereas Smad7 or cleaved caspase-3 was up-regulated in the ginsenoside CK+TGF-β1 group. In addition, Smad2/3, p-Smad2/3 and Smad4 expression were decreased in LY2109761 group. Compared with LY2109761 group, cleaved caspase-3 expression and Bcl-2/Bax have no significant change in ginsenoside CK+LY2109761 group. Taken together, our results showed that ginsenoside CK induced apoptosis in SMMC-7721 cells, and such induction is related to inhibiting TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway.

hepatocellular carcinoma  /  ginsenoside CK  /  TGF-β1/Smads signaling  /  apoptosis
闫岩, 张斯琳, 陈佳欣, 焦文君, 张学武. 人参皂苷CK通过抑制TGF-β1/Smads通路诱导人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞凋亡的作用. 药学学报, 2019 , 54 (9) : 1606 -1611 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2019-0088
Yan YAN, Si-lin ZHANG, Jia-xin CHEN, Wen-jun JIAO, Xue-wu ZHANG. Ginsenoside CK induces apoptosis of human liver cancer SMMC-7721 cells through inhibition of TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2019 , 54 (9) : 1606 -1611 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2019-0088
肝癌是世界范围内高发的恶性肿瘤之一[1]。目前, 治疗肝癌应用广泛的化学药物治疗毒副作用大, 容易导致耐药性。因此, 毒副作用小的中药在临床上的需求日渐提升, 从中药中提取抗肿瘤药物的任务也显得尤为迫切[2, 3]
人参, 属于五加科植物的干燥根, 被称之为“百草之王”, 从人参中提取的人参皂苷(ginsenoside)具有良好的抗肿瘤作用[4, 5], 由于其毒副作用小, 与临床抗癌药物具有协同作用的特点, 已经用于癌症的辅助治疗[6]。人参皂苷CK是天然二醇型人参皂苷在体内发挥药用活性的实体[7]。研究表明, 人参皂苷CK不仅可以有效地抑制人肝癌HepG-2细胞增殖[8], 其聚糖纳米粒可改善肝损伤[9]。TGF-β1/Smads通路是一种广泛存在于正常细胞和肿瘤细胞的跨膜信号转导通路, 在肿瘤的发生发展中扮演重要角色, 参与了肿瘤细胞的增殖、侵袭转移和凋亡等病理过程[10, 11], 已有学者从天然植物中提取抗癌成分通过抑制TGF-β1/Smads通路表达, 抑制肿瘤的转移[12], 筛选TGF-β1/Smads通路的抑制剂有望成为研究抗肝癌药物的重要作用靶点。
本实验探究人参皂苷CK对人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞促凋亡的作用及对TGF-β1/Smads通路的影响, 为人参皂苷CK抗肿瘤方面的药理作用提供理论依据。
实验细胞  人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞购于南京凯基生物制品有限公司。
实验药品与试剂  人参皂苷CK购于源叶生物技术有限公司; SDS-PAGE凝胶试剂盒购于索莱宝科技有限公司; PVDF膜、ECL检测显影液购于Merck Millipore公司; 小牛血清和青链霉素购于美国Gibco公司; DMEM培养液和胰酶购于Invitorgen公司; Annexin V-FITC/PI细胞凋亡检测试剂盒购于碧云天生物技术有限公司; β-actin、cleaved caspase-3、Bax、Bcl-2抗体购于CST公司; TGFβRⅡ、Smad2/3、Smad4、Smad7抗体购于博士德生物工程有限公司; p-Smad2/3购于博奥森生物工程有限公司; 羊抗兔IgG购于中杉金桥生物技术有限公司; MTT粉购于美国Sigma公司; 人重组蛋白TGF-β1购于美国Peprotech公司; LY2109761购于美国BioVision公司。
实验仪器  电泳仪(DYY-7C)、转膜仪(DYCZ-40D) (北京市六一仪器厂产品); UPV凝胶成像仪(Biospectrum, 美国UVP凝胶成像系统有限公司); 超净工作台(C1109C)、CO2培养箱(COR-1150) (上海智城分析仪制造有限公司); 酶标仪(日本TECAN公司); 显微镜(日本Olympus公司)。
细胞培养及分组  人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞加入至含10%小牛血清的DMEM培养液中, 37 ℃、5% CO2恒温全湿培养箱中进行培养。每48 h换液传代, 取生长良好、处于对数生长期的细胞进行实验。细胞分为空白对照组(vehicle)、人参皂苷CK (10、20、40、60和80 μmol·L-1)组, TGF-β1组(TGFβ1 10 ng·mL-1)、TGF-β1+人参皂苷CK组(10 ng·mL-1 TGFβ1+40 μmol·L-1人参皂苷CK)、LY2109761组(10 μmol·L-1 LY2109761)、LY2109761+人参皂苷CK组(10 μmol·L-1 LY2109761+40 μmol·L-1人参皂苷CK)。
MTT法检测细胞增殖  收集对数生长期的人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞, 制成细胞悬液, 调整细胞浓度, 将细胞按照每孔1×104个接种于96孔板中, 每孔细胞悬液200 μL。24 h后弃去原孔内的培养液, 分别加入含有不同浓度人参皂苷CK (10、20、40、60和80 μmol·L-1)的培养液培养24、48、72 h后, 取出96孔板, 每孔加入浓度为5 g·L-1的MTT 20 μL, 继续培养, 4 h后取出弃其上清留底部沉淀, 每孔再加入150 μL DMSO, 避光放置于酶标仪内, 在波长490 nm处测定吸光度值, 计算IC50和细胞存活率。计算公式如下:
$\begin{array}{l} 细胞存活率\left( {\rm{\% }} \right)= \\ \frac{实验组\rm{OD}值-空白组\rm{OD}值}{阴性对照组\rm{OD}值-空白\rm{OD}值}\times 100\% \end{array}$
流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率(Annexin V-FITC/PI双染)  取不同浓度人参皂苷CK组和DMEM对照组细胞培养。48 h后, 用不含EDTA的胰酶消化细胞, 冰PBS终止消化, 12 000 r·min-1离心5 min, 再次清洗离心。PBS制成细胞悬液, 根据细胞计数取各实验组细胞约1×106个, 用200 μL结合缓冲液制得细胞重悬液, 室温避光孵育15 min, 加入Annexin V 10 μL, 室温避光孵育10 min, 避光加入5 μL PI, 避光孵育, 上机检测, FACS Diva 4.1软件分析结果。
免疫蛋白印迹检测蛋白表达  各实验组细胞培养48 h后, 提取细胞全蛋白, BCA试剂盒测定蛋白含量。配置凝胶。根据蛋白浓度计算上样量上样, 电泳(100 V, 150 min), 转膜(100 V, 30~80 min)。室温下, 5%脱脂奶粉封闭PVDF膜1 h。分别加入一抗(TGFβRⅡ、Smad2/3、p-Smad2/3、Smad4、Smad7、Bax、Bcl-2、cleaved caspase-3和β-actin)室温孵育1.5~2 h, TBST清洗PVDF膜, 放入二抗室温孵育1~1.5 h。ECL试剂盒显影, 使用G:BOX chemiXR5成像系统显影, 分析数据使用Image J软件进行灰度分析。
数据处理及分析  采用GraphPad Prism 8软件进行数据分析。所有数据均用$\bar{x}\pm s$表示, 不同分组采用单因素方差分析统计, 组间两两比较采用t检验。
MTT结果显示, 10、20、40、60和80 μmol·L-1人参皂苷CK作用48 h时人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞的存活率分别为95.21% ± 3.15%、87.98% ± 8.13%、57.00% ± 6.60%、34.20% ± 5.63%和10.01% ± 5.94%。人参皂苷CK能降低人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞的存活率, 且呈一定的时间和浓度依赖性, 见图 1。计算人参皂苷CK对细胞作用48 h时IC50值为44.04 μmol·L-1
流式细胞术检测凋亡结果显示, 细胞凋亡率逐渐上升, 呈剂量依赖性, 40、60 μmol·L-1人参皂苷CK与空白对照组相比较, 差异显著, 有统计学意义(P < 0.01, 图 2A)。Western blot结果显示与空白对照组相比, 40和60 μmol·L-1加药组cleaved caspase-3表达量明显上升, Bcl-2/Bax值显著下调(图 2B), 有统计学意义(P < 0.01)。
Western blot检测发现, 人参皂苷CK对TGF-β1/Smads通路相关蛋白Smad2/3、p-Smad2/3和Smad4蛋白表达有抑制作用, 对Smad7蛋白表达有促进作用。其中人参皂苷CK浓度为40和60 μmol·L-1时, 与空白对照组相比, 差异显著, 均有统计学意义(P < 0.05, 图 3)。
Western blot结果显示, 人参皂苷CK显著抑制了TGFβ1活化的Smad2/3、p-Smad2/3、Smad4蛋白表达, 诱导了Smad7蛋白表达, 同时对凋亡相关蛋白cleaved caspase-3表达有促进作用, Bcl-2/Bax值下调(图 4)。TGF-β1与TGF-β1+人参皂苷CK组比较, 差异显著, 有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。
Western blot检测(图 5)显示, 在TGF-β1/Smads通路被抑制后cleaved caspase-3表达显著上调, Bcl-2/Bax值显著下调, LY2109761组与空白对照组相比差异显著(P < 0.01)。加入人参皂苷CK后不能抑制TGF-β1/Smads通路相关蛋白及激活cleaved caspase-3表达, Bcl-2/Bax值也无明显变化。LY2109761组与LY2109761+人参皂苷CK组比较, 无统计学意义。
人参皂苷作为人参发挥药用价值的主要成分, 具有多项功能活性。已有研究证实人参皂苷Rh4通过激活结直肠癌细胞ROS/JNK/p53通路, 诱导细胞凋亡[13]; 在小鼠模型中, 人参皂苷Rg5通过抑制PI3K/Akt通路诱导乳腺癌细胞凋亡[14]。人参皂苷CK是天然二醇型人参皂苷在体内发挥药用活性的实体, 同时由于其潜在的药用价值受到广泛关注。本研究以人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞作为研究对象, 探讨人参皂苷CK抑制细胞增殖、诱导细胞凋亡的抗肿瘤作用。MTT实验结果表明, 人参皂苷CK能降低人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞的生存率, 流式细胞仪检测发现细胞凋亡率逐渐增加, Western blot结果显示人参皂苷CK能激活cleaved caspase-3的表达, 下调Bcl-2/Bax值, 当cleaved caspase-3大量表达时, 能够促进细胞的凋亡。以上结果说明, 人参皂苷CK可以抑制人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞增殖, 诱导细胞凋亡。
TGF-β1/Smads通路可介导组织器官的正常生长和发育、胚胎发生、机体免疫等生物过程[15, 16]。TGF-β1/Smads通路可以激活上皮间质转化[17], 引起肿瘤的发生。TGF-β1/Smads通路与肿瘤细胞凋亡也密切相关, 已有学者证实TGF-β1/Smads通路参与直肠癌细胞、胰腺癌细胞的增殖和凋亡过程[18, 19]。接受TGF-β1信号的膜上受体是一种跨膜蛋白, 分为TGF-β1Ⅰ型受体(TGFβRⅠ)、TGF-β1Ⅱ型受体(TGFβRⅡ)和Ⅲ型受体(TGFβRⅢ)。TGF-β1首先识别膜上的TGFβRⅡ并与其结合, 随后TGFβRⅡ与TGFβRⅠ形成复合物, 活化下游信号分子进而激活细胞内信号传导[20]。本研究将采用TGF-β1/Smads通路作为靶点进行后续实验, 探究人参皂苷CK对人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞的凋亡作用。利用Western blot法检测TGF-β1/Smads通路相关蛋白发现, 在40和60 μmol·L-1人参皂苷CK作用下除了抑制型Smad7表达量明显上升之外, 其余蛋白均显著下调, 推测人参皂苷CK对TGF-β1/Smads通路具有抑制作用。
为了进一步确认人参皂苷CK对TGF-β1/Smads信号通路的作用, 本研究利用人重组蛋白TGFβ1作用于人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞。发现加入TGFβ1后TGF-β1/Smads信号通路处在高度激活的状态, 人参皂苷CK抑制了此激活作用同时促进cleaved caspase-3蛋白表达, 下调了Bcl-2/Bax值。而加入TGF-β1/Smads通路抑制剂LY2109761后, LY2109761阻断TGF-β1识别膜上受体TGFβRⅡ, 抑制下游蛋白表达, 并激活cleaved caspase-3蛋白表达。加入人参皂苷CK后对此作用无影响, Bcl-2/Bax值也无明显变化。以上结果从正、反两个方面证实了人参皂苷CK是通过抑制TGF-β1/Smads通路来诱导SMMC-7721细胞发生凋亡。
本研究结果显示, 人参皂苷CK能诱导SMMC-7721细胞发生凋亡, TGF-β1/Smads通路发挥了重要作用。今后将进一步结合体内实验深入探讨人参皂苷CK的促凋亡作用, 为人参皂苷CK抗肿瘤方面的药理作用提供实验依据。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(81760728)
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2019年第54卷第9期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2019-0088
  • 接收时间:2019-01-26
  • 首发时间:2026-01-26
  • 出版时间:2019-09-12
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  • 收稿日期:2019-01-26
  • 修回日期:2019-03-08
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(81760728)
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    延边大学医学院, 吉林 延吉 133002

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*张学武, Tel:86-433-2435102, Fax:86-433-2435104, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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