Article(id=1222466822625026824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1222466818573324401, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2018-1118, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1544630400000, receivedDateStr=2018-12-13, revisedDate=1549987200000, revisedDateStr=2019-02-13, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1769388402848, onlineDateStr=2026-01-26, pubDate=1560268800000, pubDateStr=2019-06-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1769388402848, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1769388402848, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1769388402848, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1222466818573324401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2019', volume='54', issue='6', pageStart='963', pageEnd='1144', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1769388401883, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1769389420159, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1222471089591149021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1222466818573324401, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1222471089591149022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1222466818573324401, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1010, endPage=1016, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1222466823916872471, articleId=1222466822625026824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Advances in research on exosomes as drug delivery vehicles, columnId=1190335348648547107, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Reviews, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Exosomes are membranous vesicles that are actively secreted by cells. They can be isolated from various cell culture media and animal body fluids. Exosomes are mainly composed of lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. They have small molecular structure and high biocompatibility with size of 40-100 nm. In addition, exosomes are natural endogenous nanocarriers that can transport lipids, proteins, DNA and RNA. Studies have shown that exosomes play an important role in long-distance communication between cells, in physiological and pathological processes. This article introduces the composition and physiological functions of exosomes, and summarizes the relevant content of exosomes as drug delivery vehicles. The applications of exosomes in central nervous system diseases, especially brain diseases and tumors are summarized.
, correspAuthors=Wei HUANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2019 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ying-ying ZHANG, Li-qing CHEN, Xuan LIU, Xin XIN, Ling-wei MENG, Ming-ji JIN, Zhong-gao GAO, Wei HUANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1222466824831230766, articleId=1222466822625026824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=外泌体作为药物递送载体的研究进展, columnId=1190335349655180086, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=综述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
外泌体是由细胞主动向外分泌的膜性囊泡,可以从多种细胞的培养基及动物体液中分离得到。外泌体主要由脂质、蛋白质和遗传物质组成,直径介于40~100 nm之间,分子结构小,生物相容性高,可运输脂质、蛋白质、DNA及RNA等物质,是天然的内源性纳米载体。目前研究表明外泌体在远距离细胞间信息传递中起重要作用,涉及生理和病理过程。本文介绍了外泌体的组成及生理功能,详细总结了外泌体作为药物递送载体的相关内容,对外泌体在神经系统疾病尤其是脑部疾病及肿瘤等方面的应用进行了概述。
, correspAuthors=黄伟, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
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5: 10112., articleTitle=Combined treatment with a pH-sensitive fusogenic peptide and cationic lipids achieves enhanced cytosolic delivery of exosomes, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1222466942431125704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1222466822625026824, awardId=2018ZX09711001-002-005, language=CN, fundingSource=国家“重大新药创制”科技重大专项资助项目(2018ZX09711001-002-005), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1222466942569537746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1222466822625026824, awardId=CAMS-2017-I2M-1-011, language=CN, fundingSource=中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程重大协同创新项目(CAMS-2017-I2M-1-011), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1222466936370357077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1222466822625026824, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1222466936378745687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1222466822625026824, companyId=1222466936370357077, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1222466936382939992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1222466822625026824, companyId=1222466936370357077, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100050)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1222466940434636913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1222466822625026824, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=pLC23R2FZaQvAUZMo+MG4w==, figureFileBig=mW7J0EUz7OGIOK+U0nGkdw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1222466940556271741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1222466822625026824, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption=
Structure schematic of exosomes[4, 7] , figureFileSmall=pLC23R2FZaQvAUZMo+MG4w==, figureFileBig=mW7J0EUz7OGIOK+U0nGkdw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1222466940707266695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1222466822625026824, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=cEvUmGRc34+XFshvq2uplg==, figureFileBig=a/gk2zaDIGjykERd8VKW5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1222466940849873043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1222466822625026824, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption=
Formation of exosomes and signal transduction[4, 7] , figureFileSmall=cEvUmGRc34+XFshvq2uplg==, figureFileBig=a/gk2zaDIGjykERd8VKW5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1222466941030228124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1222466822625026824, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Technique | Advantage | Disadvantage |
| Differential centrifugation (ultracentrifugation) | High yield, low cost | Time consuming, low purity |
| Density gradient centrifugation | High purity | Time consuming, low extraction rate |
| Ultrafiltration | Fast, efficient | Low purity |
| Monoclonal antibody methods | Fast, efficient, strong specificity | Low purity |
| Immunomagnetic beads | Morphological integrity, strong specificity, easy to operate | Affect exosome biological activity, difficult to remove antibody from sample completely |
| Size exclusion chromatography | Uniform size | Need specific equipment, not widely used |
| Polyethylene glycol precipitation | Fast, efficient, convenient | Low purity, lack methods for removing polymer from exosome sample |
| Exosome extraction kit | Easy to operate | The application has limitations |
), ArticleFig(id=1222466941462241448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1222466822625026824, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=
Comparison of exosome isolation techniques
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Technique | Advantage | Disadvantage |
| Differential centrifugation (ultracentrifugation) | High yield, low cost | Time consuming, low purity |
| Density gradient centrifugation | High purity | Time consuming, low extraction rate |
| Ultrafiltration | Fast, efficient | Low purity |
| Monoclonal antibody methods | Fast, efficient, strong specificity | Low purity |
| Immunomagnetic beads | Morphological integrity, strong specificity, easy to operate | Affect exosome biological activity, difficult to remove antibody from sample completely |
| Size exclusion chromatography | Uniform size | Need specific equipment, not widely used |
| Polyethylene glycol precipitation | Fast, efficient, convenient | Low purity, lack methods for removing polymer from exosome sample |
| Exosome extraction kit | Easy to operate | The application has limitations |
), ArticleFig(id=1222466941873283251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1222466822625026824, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Drug loading method | Method for loading drug into exosome/donor cell | Applicable drug type | Reference |
| Exogenous drug loading | Co-culture of drugs and exosomes | Hydrophobic small molecule drugs, macromolecular protein drugs | [1, 34] |
| Chemical methods for transfection of exosomes | Gene drugs | [1] |
| Electroporation | Multiple drug types | [1] |
| Endogenous drug loading | Co-culture of drugs with donor cells | Small molecule chemical drugs with low cytotoxicity | [1] |
| Chemical method for transfecting donor cells | Gene drugs | [1] |
| Transgenosis | / | Membrane protein drug | [2] |
), ArticleFig(id=1222466942141718714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1222466822625026824, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=
Exosome drug loading methods and applicable drug types
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Drug loading method | Method for loading drug into exosome/donor cell | Applicable drug type | Reference |
| Exogenous drug loading | Co-culture of drugs and exosomes | Hydrophobic small molecule drugs, macromolecular protein drugs | [1, 34] |
| Chemical methods for transfection of exosomes | Gene drugs | [1] |
| Electroporation | Multiple drug types | [1] |
| Endogenous drug loading | Co-culture of drugs with donor cells | Small molecule chemical drugs with low cytotoxicity | [1] |
| Chemical method for transfecting donor cells | Gene drugs | [1] |
| Transgenosis | / | Membrane protein drug | [2] |
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