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Hepatic selective insulin resistance refers to that insulin fails to suppress hepatic glucose production but continues to promote hepatic lipogenesis in insulin resistance. Therefore, type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized with dyslipidemia apart from hyperglycemia. This review highlights the roles and molecular mechanisms of the key hepatic lipogenesis factors such as sterol regulatory factor binding protein 1c (SREBP1c), mammalian rapamycin target complex 1 (mTORC1), endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress), FoxO1, lipid synthesis substrate, etc.
, correspAuthors=Ping-ping LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2020 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Kai WANG, Xing-feng LIU, Ping-ping LI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1220364237466157964, articleId=1220364236425970528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=胰岛素抵抗状态下肝脏脂质合成增加的研究进展, columnId=1190335349655180086, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=综述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
肝脏选择性胰岛素抵抗是胰岛素抵抗状态下,胰岛素在肝脏不能抑制糖异生进而导致葡萄糖产生增加,但同时脂质合成过程保持亢进的状态。正是这种亢进状态导致2型糖尿病患者除高血糖外还伴随高血脂。本文通过固醇调节因子结合蛋白1c(SREBP1c)、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶复合体1(mTORC1)、内质网应激、FOXO1、脂质合成底物等促进肝脏脂质合成的相关研究,综述胰岛素抵抗状态下肝脏脂质合成增加的分子机制研究进展。
, correspAuthors=李平平, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
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Liver lipogenesis process in insulin resistance. (1) Triglyceride (TAG) synthesis: glucose taken up by the cell is converted to pyruvate through glycolysis. Pyruvate is further converted into acetyl-CoA and enters the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Excess acetyl-CoA converted to citrate can exit the mitochondria and become the substrate for lipogenic enzymes. Fatty acids (FA) that spill over from lipolysis of white adipose tissue also contribute to hepatic lipid synthesis via esterification and β oxidation. (2) Liver lipogenesis remains at a high level in insulin resistance: Increased liver lipogenesis is followed with a significant increase in the expression levels of key enzymes and enzyme activities, such as ACLY (ATP-citrate lyase), ACC (acetyl-CoA carboxylase) and FAS (fatty acid synthase). The rates of adipose tissue lipolysis are also increased, resulting in increased FA delivery to liver, which results in increased hepatic esterification of FA to TAG , figureFileSmall=GzzJuBonFw+mWqU9ZbJv5w==, figureFileBig=2jKmNhzKeiGObHrQmexRLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1220364241165534201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1220364236425970528, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=mIGc4bR8eKUFRMafQ909Iw==, figureFileBig=fincdkkZjhVQBhC8edey/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1220364241270391805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1220364236425970528, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption=
Molecular mechanism of increased hepatic lipogenesis in insulin resistance (1) Insulin resistance is followed with an activity increase of the lipogenic transcription factor SREBP1c, which in turn activates the lipogenic gene program. (2) ER stress activates SREBP1c that enhanced lipid accumulation. (3) Circulating levels of branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) are increased in insulin resistant. BCAAs are potent activators of mTORC1. Activated mTORC1 promotes SREBP1c maturation, transcription and promotes lipogenesis. (4) Insulin resistance increase FoxO1 nuclear translocation and the subsequent increase in the transcription of lipogenic genes. 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