Article(id=1218551268277145816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1218551220327858844, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2018-0219, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1520956800000, receivedDateStr=2018-03-14, revisedDate=1523030400000, revisedDateStr=2018-04-07, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768454861945, onlineDateStr=2026-01-15, pubDate=1531324800000, pubDateStr=2018-07-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768454861945, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-15, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768454861945, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768454861945, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1218551220327858844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2018', volume='53', issue='7', pageStart='1017', pageEnd='1193', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768454850513, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768457068973, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218560525269651614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1218551220327858844, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218560525269651615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1218551220327858844, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1113, endPage=1121, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1218551268843376921, articleId=1218551268277145816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=The anti-tumor activity and mechanisms of a GLI1 inhibitor FL18 in suppression of glioblastoma growth, columnId=1218263842866516365, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=ORIGINAL ARTICLES·Pharmacology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
The abnormal activation of hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway plays an important role in the development and progression of glioblastoma (GBM). As a transcription factor at the end of the HH pathway, the final effector of glioma-associated oncogene homoglog-1 (GLI1) is an important target in the treatment of GBM. The study was designed to evaluate the anti-tumor activities and mechanisms of a novel GLI1 inhibitor FL18 in GBM. MTT and colony formation assay were performed to determine anti-proliferation activity of FL18 in vitro. The effect of FL18 on cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry (FCM) analysis. Transwell experiment was used to explore the inhibitory activity of FL18 in cell invasion. In vivo experiments, the subcutaneously transplanted and orthotopic U-87 MG GBM xenograft model were used to study the activity of FL18 on tumor growth. The optimized dual report gene screening model was used to detect the effect of FL18 on the transcriptional activity of GLI1. Western blot assay was used to study the mechanisms of action of FL18. The results showed that the IC50 of FL18 in glioblastoma was in the nanomole level in vitro. It was observed that 22.5 and 45 mg·kg-1 FL18 reduced the tumor volume with the rate of 55.4% and 89.8% in xenograft model in mice in situ. The IC50 of FL18 on the inhibition of GLI1 transcriptional activity was 3.32×10-11 mol·L-1 analyzed by the optimized dual report gene screening model. By the Western blot experiments, it was proved that FL18 inhibited expression of GLI1 without influencing the upstream canonical HH/SMO signaling and cross-talk oncogenic pathway, such as ERK and AKT signaling. The results also demonstrated that FL18 significantly downregulated GLI1 target genes such as Bcl-2, MMP2 and MMP9 and increased the expression of c-caspase3, c-PARP and Bax. These data suggest that FL18 may generate the anti-glioma activity by inhibition of GLI1.
, correspAuthors=Yan LI, Xue-ji LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2018 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Chun-xia LIU, Lu-lu HUANG, Chen YAN, Qian-qian DU, Tie-gang LI, Zhi-qiang FENG, Yan LI, Xue-ji LI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1218551270470767038, articleId=1218551268277145816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=GLI1抑制剂FL18对胶质母细胞瘤的抑制作用及其机制, columnId=1218263843034288529, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文·药理学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Hedgehog(HH)信号通路的异常激活在胶质母细胞瘤的发生发展中起着重要作用。胶质瘤相关的致癌基因同族体-1(glioma-associated oncogene homoglog-1,GLI1)蛋白作为HH通路末端的转录因子,是该通路最终的功能执行者,被认为是胶质母细胞瘤的重要治疗靶点。本研究旨在探究新型GLI1抑制剂FL18的抗胶质母细胞瘤活性及其作用机制。MTT实验和集落形成实验研究FL18对脑瘤细胞的生长抑制作用;运用流式细胞术分析FL18对细胞凋亡的影响;Transwell实验探究FL18对细胞侵袭能力的抑制作用;通过体内移植瘤实验研究FL18对胶质母细胞瘤的生长抑制作用;建立及优化双荧光素酶报告基因的检测体系,并检测FL18对GLI1转录活性的影响;采用Western blot方法对FL18的作用机制进行初步探讨。FL18对体外培养的胶质母细胞瘤的半数抑制浓度(IC50)在纳摩尔水平。体内实验结果显示,22.5和45 mg·kg-1 FL18对裸鼠原位移植瘤的抑制率分别为55.4%和89.8%。FL18能够抑制GLI1的转录活性,IC50为3.32×10-11 mol·L-1。Western blot实验显示,在FL18作用后的胶质母细胞瘤细胞和肿瘤组织中,其GLI1表达明显降低,而SMO表达无明显变化,调控GLI1上游的ERK和AKT等蛋白的磷酸化水平变化均不显著;FL18还可升高凋亡相关蛋白切割型的半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-3(c-caspase 3)和聚腺苷二磷酸-核糖聚合酶(c-PARP)以及Bax的表达,降低Bcl-2的表达;降低侵袭相关蛋白金属基质蛋白酶(MMP2和MMP9)的水平。以上研究结果表明,FL18通过抑制GLI1而对胶质母细胞瘤的生长起到一定的抑制作用,其抗肿瘤活性可能与抑制GLI1的表达水平有关。
, correspAuthors=李燕, 李学记, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2018, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=SyUNPX9tYn6Mc7BxYvFxBw==, magXml=iMYY6JHlXQjyMhj3Rb9qUA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=gIHeaNImbcpvK4+4LLuzlQ==, pdfFileSize=501196, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=jt0Uq3qe+2Ch6TOYPpkjOg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=+ijKMLSPgQj/35+5KydLpQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=刘春霞, 黄璐璐, 闫辰, 杜倩倩, 李铁钢, 冯志强, 李燕, 李学记)}, authors=[Author(id=1218970791270600887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551268277145816, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1218970791429984454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551268277145816, authorId=1218970791270600887, language=EN, stringName=Chun-xia LIU, firstName=Chun-xia, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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Mol Cell Biochem, 2014, 393:283-291., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218970806017773917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551268277145816, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=26, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang K, Pan L, Che X, et al. Sonic Hedgehog/GLI1 signaling pathway inhibition restricts cell migration and invasion in human gliomas[J]. 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Cancer Sci, 2008, 99:1377-1384., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1218970800942666693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551268277145816, awardId=2016-I2M-1-008, language=CN, fundingSource=中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程-重大协同创新项目(2016-I2M-1-008), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1218970790876336263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551268277145816, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1218970790884724873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551268277145816, companyId=1218970790876336263, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 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National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1218970791069274273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551268277145816, companyId=1218970791039914139, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院肿瘤医院, 国家癌症中心, 北京 100021)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1218970797209735862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551268277145816, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=fc/Bsgucv495KSEgCxTcpw==, figureFileBig=bIKIcgINIJyaQjy171HnAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218970797318787777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551268277145816, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption=
Expression of glioma-associated oncogene homoglog-1 (GLI1) in human brain tumors and growth inhibition by FL18. A: Expression of GLI1 in human brain tumors analyzed by Western blot. B, C: The time-effect relationship of different concentration on the proliferation of U-87 MG (B) and T98G (C) cell lines. D-G: Effect of FL18 on colony formation in U-87 MG (D), T98G (E), Daoy (F) and SH-SY5Y (G) cell lines. H, I: FL18 treatment induced apoptosis of U-87 MG cells (H) and T98G cells (I). Cells were incubated with FL18 for 72 h, stained with PI, and analyzed by flow cytometry. n = 3, x ± s. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs control group
, figureFileSmall=fc/Bsgucv495KSEgCxTcpw==, figureFileBig=bIKIcgINIJyaQjy171HnAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218970797461394128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551268277145816, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=T+BIDnXOskEhydNfYIptXg==, figureFileBig=25153dHAHqCvfARtTL5UbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218970797616583390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551268277145816, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption=
Effect of FL18 on invasion in U-87 MG and T98G cells analyzed by Transwell assay. Equal numbers of U-87 MG (A, B) and T98G (C, D) cells were seeded into the upper compartment of a transwell system and allowed to invade through matrigel substrate for 18 h. The invaded cells were then fixed and counted. The effect was observed in the FL18 treatment cells, which exhibited a decrease in invasion compared with control cells. Photomicrographies of stained migrating cells were taken under brightfield illumination. Quantification of the invasion is expressed as the number of invasive cells in four random microscopic fields per well. n = 3, x ± s. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs control group, figureFileSmall=T+BIDnXOskEhydNfYIptXg==, figureFileBig=25153dHAHqCvfARtTL5UbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218970797834687222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551268277145816, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=58ackJcID4SzXfAB/aPs/A==, figureFileBig=uzjAtRyvdgUMIdP6Zs8rrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218970797956322051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551268277145816, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption=
The inhibition of U-87 MG on tumor growth by FL18 in the subcutaneously transplanted and orthotopic xenograft models. A, B: Activity of FL18 was determined in the subcutaneously transplanted U-87 MG xenograft in nude mice. U-87 MG-bearing mice were randomly separated into two groups. One group received ig of 20% PEG400 as a vehicle control; other group received ig of FL18 at 30 mg·kg-1 every day (from the 7th day to the 31th day). Xenograft tumor volumes (mm3) were measured. (A) Relative tumor volume (RTV = Vt/V0) at given time-points (Vt refers to tumor volume at any given time point; V0 refers to tumor volume at the beginning of treatment); (B) The corresponding tumors for U-87 MG. C: Tumor volumes (mm3) of U-87 MG in orthotopic xenograft model. U-87 MG-bearing animals either untreated or treated with FL18 or temozolomide (TMZ), as assessed by MRI. There was a significant decrease in tumors treated with either FL18 or TMZ when compared to untreated mice. D-F: T2WI images of U-87 MG glioma-bearing mice in situ. Each image was obtained from different mice in each treatment group. D: Representative untreated mouse (vehicle control) (14 days following U-87 MG cells implantation); E: Representative FL18 treated mouse at 14 days dosed at 22.5 mg·kg-1 after cells implantation; F: Representative FL18 treated mouse at 14 days dosed at 45 mg·kg-1 after cells implantation. n = 6
, figureFileSmall=58ackJcID4SzXfAB/aPs/A==, figureFileBig=uzjAtRyvdgUMIdP6Zs8rrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218970798040208138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551268277145816, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=KXUNyMZA40fB5k2MKANFqA==, figureFileBig=y5ZiG8yKfJ4XfNynVif0ug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218970798153454361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551268277145816, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption=
The influence of FL18 on the HH signaling pathway activity. A: GLI1 inhibitory activity of FL18 was measured by a GLI1 reporter assays. The GLI1 activity was inhibited after administration of FL18 for 48 h. The concentration of SHH-HEK293 cells was 5×105 per milliliter. n = 3, x ± s. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs control group. B: The effect of FL18 on HH signaling pathway in U-87 MG cells analyzed by Western blot. Cells were treated with indicated concentrations of FL18 for 72 h. C: The effect of FL18 on HH signaling pathway in U-87 MG cells xenograft tumors analyzed by Western blot. Mice bearing U-87 MG tumors were randomized and treated with FL18 30 mg·kg-1, ig once daily continuously for 25 times
, figureFileSmall=KXUNyMZA40fB5k2MKANFqA==, figureFileBig=y5ZiG8yKfJ4XfNynVif0ug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218970798354780972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551268277145816, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=h5ZQ6YEWEvrslpcKu2KLGw==, figureFileBig=C1LXNeXMlI8dkgS/P+qKTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218970799734707004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551268277145816, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption=
The effects of FL18 on biomarkers related to proliferation, invasion, and expressions of regulators of apoptosis in U-87 MG cells and U-87 MG xenograft tumors administrated with FL18. Cells were treated with indicated concentrations of FL18 for 72 h. Mice bearing U-87 MG tumors were randomized and treated with FL18 30 mg·kg-1, ig once daily continuously for 25 times. Western blot analysis of ERK, AKT in U-87 MG cells (A) and U-87 MG xenograft tumors (B) administrated with FL18; regulators of apoptosis in U-87 MG cells (C) and U-87 MG xenograft tumors (D) administrated with FL18; proteins related with invasion in U-87 MG cells (E) and U-87 MG xenograft tumors (F) administrated with FL18
, figureFileSmall=h5ZQ6YEWEvrslpcKu2KLGw==, figureFileBig=C1LXNeXMlI8dkgS/P+qKTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218970799843758917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551268277145816, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Compound | IC50/nmol·L-1 |
| U-87 MG | T98G | Daoy | SH-SY5Y |
| FL18 | 3.31 ± 0.12 | 12.47 ± 1.23 | 7.09 ± 0.88 | 372.01 ± 28.23 |
), ArticleFig(id=1218970799982170971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551268277145816, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=
The effect of FL18 on the brain tumor cells analyzed by MTT assay
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Compound | IC50/nmol·L-1 |
| U-87 MG | T98G | Daoy | SH-SY5Y |
| FL18 | 3.31 ± 0.12 | 12.47 ± 1.23 | 7.09 ± 0.88 | 372.01 ± 28.23 |
), ArticleFig(id=1218970800082834281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551268277145816, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Compound | Dose /mg·kg-1 | No. of animals (n) | | Body weight/g | | Tumor volume/mm3 | RTV | T/C /% | Tumor weight/g | IR/% |
| Begin/End | | Begin | End | | Begin | End | IR/% |
| Control | - | 6/6 | | 20.9 ± 0.7 | 22.6 ± 0.9 | | 123.3 ± 14.1 | 2 513.6 ± 1 233.4 | - | 20.86 ± 11.31 | - | 2.33 ± 1.04 | - |
| FL18 | 30 | 6/6 | 21.2 ± 1.8 | 19.3 ± 1.5 | 121.4 ± 7.3 | 368.1 ± 121.4** | 85.36 | 3.03 ± 0.98** | 14.53 | 0.27 ± 0.14*** | 88.52 |
), ArticleFig(id=1218970800204469109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551268277145816, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=
The antitumor activity of FL18 on subcutaneously transplanted U-87 MG xenograft model in nude mice. x ± s. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs control group. IR: Inhibition rate; RTV: Relative tumor volume; T/C: Inhibition rate of relative tumor volume
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Compound | Dose /mg·kg-1 | No. of animals (n) | | Body weight/g | | Tumor volume/mm3 | RTV | T/C /% | Tumor weight/g | IR/% |
| Begin/End | | Begin | End | | Begin | End | IR/% |
| Control | - | 6/6 | | 20.9 ± 0.7 | 22.6 ± 0.9 | | 123.3 ± 14.1 | 2 513.6 ± 1 233.4 | - | 20.86 ± 11.31 | - | 2.33 ± 1.04 | - |
| FL18 | 30 | 6/6 | 21.2 ± 1.8 | 19.3 ± 1.5 | 121.4 ± 7.3 | 368.1 ± 121.4** | 85.36 | 3.03 ± 0.98** | 14.53 | 0.27 ± 0.14*** | 88.52 |
), ArticleFig(id=1218970800342881158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551268277145816, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Group | Dose/mg·kg-1 | No. of animals (n) | | Body weight/g | Tumor section | Tumor volume/mm3 | IR/% |
| Begin/End | | Begin | End |
| Control | - | 6/6 | | 19.3 ± 0.8 | 17.7 ± 2.4 | 14.8 ± 2.28 | 64.26 ± 18.66 | - |
| TMZ | 30 | 6/6 | 19.2 ± 0.7 | 22.6 ± 0.6 | 0.5 ± 0.8 | 0.05 ± 0.10*** | 99.9 |
| FL18 | 22.5 | 6/6 | 19.9 ± 0.7 | 21.6 ± 1.3 | 9.8 ± 1.9 | 28.69 ± 15.98** | 55.4 |
| FL18 | 45 | 6/6 | 20.1 ± 0.9 | 22.4 ± 1.7 | 5.8 ± 2.5*** | 6.54 ± 3.60*** | 89.8 |
), ArticleFig(id=1218970800527430562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551268277145816, language=CN, label=Table 3, caption=
Anti-tumor activity of FL18 on orthotopic U-87 MG xenograft model in nude mice. x ± s. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs control group
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Group | Dose/mg·kg-1 | No. of animals (n) | | Body weight/g | Tumor section | Tumor volume/mm3 | IR/% |
| Begin/End | | Begin | End |
| Control | - | 6/6 | | 19.3 ± 0.8 | 17.7 ± 2.4 | 14.8 ± 2.28 | 64.26 ± 18.66 | - |
| TMZ | 30 | 6/6 | 19.2 ± 0.7 | 22.6 ± 0.6 | 0.5 ± 0.8 | 0.05 ± 0.10*** | 99.9 |
| FL18 | 22.5 | 6/6 | 19.9 ± 0.7 | 21.6 ± 1.3 | 9.8 ± 1.9 | 28.69 ± 15.98** | 55.4 |
| FL18 | 45 | 6/6 | 20.1 ± 0.9 | 22.4 ± 1.7 | 5.8 ± 2.5*** | 6.54 ± 3.60*** | 89.8 |
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