Article(id=1218551218541085188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1218551215722516887, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2018-0245, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1521561600000, receivedDateStr=2018-03-21, revisedDate=1523116800000, revisedDateStr=2018-04-08, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768454850086, onlineDateStr=2026-01-15, pubDate=1528732800000, pubDateStr=2018-06-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768454850086, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-15, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768454850086, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768454850086, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1218551215722516887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2018', volume='53', issue='6', pageStart='833', pageEnd='1015', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768454849415, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768457041227, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218560408919658653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1218551215722516887, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218560408919658654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1218551215722516887, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=944, endPage=949, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1218551219660964448, articleId=1218551218541085188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=The study of azvudine activity against dengue viruses in vitro, columnId=1218551219547718227, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Medicinal Chemistry Pharmacology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this study, azvudine (FNC), hydrochloride salt of azvudine (FNC-HCl) and triphosphate azovudine (FNC-TP) were tested against DENV-Ⅱ recombinant virus (DENV-Ⅱ Luc+). The inhibitory activity of FNC, FNC-HCl and FNC-TP on DENVs were detected by plaque assay. The effect on the expression of DENV-Ⅱ envelope protein E was detected by Western blot; the inhibitory of DENV-Ⅱ viral RNA by compounds was detected by real-time quantitative PCR. MTT assay was used to determine the cytotoxicity of the three compounds on Vero cells. The results showed that FNC, FNC-HCl and FNC-TP inhibited the viral replication by inhibition of renilla luciferase activity of DENV-Ⅱ Luc+. The 50% effective concentration (EC50) of FNC, FNC-HCl and FNC-TP in the inhibition of DENVs replication were from 0.54-25.42 μmol·L-1, while that of ribavirin was 40.78 ±1.02 μmol·L-1 as the positive control. Western blot and real time quantitative PCR results showed that FNC, FNC-HCl and FNC-TP significantly inhibited the expression of DENV-Ⅱ E protein, and the replication of DENV-Ⅱ viral RNA. The 50% cytotoxic concentrations of FNC, FNC-HCl and FNC-TP were all greater than 3 000.00 μmol·L-1. The results suggest that in vitro anti-DENVs activities of FNC, FNC-HCl and FNC-TP are superior to ribavirin, which are expected to become new candidates of anti-DENV drugs.

, correspAuthors=Liu-meng YANG, Yong-tang ZHENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2018 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Chun-tao ZHANG, Rong-hua LUO, Huan CHEN, Guang-ming LIU, Jun-biao CHANG, Liu-meng YANG, Yong-tang ZHENG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1218551221724562233, articleId=1218551218541085188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=阿兹夫定体外抗登革病毒活性研究, columnId=1218551220323664537, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文 药理学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本文通过检测化合物对登革Ⅱ型重组病毒(DENV-Ⅱ Luc+)表达海肾荧光素酶活性的影响,进行化合物筛选,发现阿兹夫定(azvudine,FNC)、盐酸阿兹夫定(hydrochloride salt of azvudine,FNC-HCl)和三磷酸酯阿兹夫定(triphosphate azvudine,FNC-TP)能够抑制DENV-Ⅱ Luc+的复制,并研究其体外抗登革病毒(dengue virus,DENV)活性。首先通过噬斑法检测FNC、FNC-HCl和FNC-TP对DENV的抑制活性;并通过蛋白印迹实验检测3种化合物对DENV-Ⅱ囊膜蛋白E(envelope protein E)表达的影响,最后通过实时定量PCR检测化合物对DENV-Ⅱ病毒RNA的抑制作用。结果显示,FNC、FNC-HCl和FNC-TP抑制DENV复制的半数有效浓度(EC50)在0.54~25.42 μmol·L-1之间,阳性药物利巴韦林抑制DENV-Ⅱ的EC50为40.78±1.02 μmol·L-1。蛋白印迹实验及定量结果显示,3种化合物均能抑制DENV-Ⅱ囊膜蛋白E的表达,并且显著地抑制DENV-Ⅱ病毒RNA的复制。通过MTT法检测发现FNC、FNC-HCl和FNC-TP的细胞毒性很小,半数细胞毒性浓度(CC50)均大于3 000.00 μmol·L-1。本研究表明FNC、FNC-HCl和FNC-TP在细胞水平、蛋白水平及RNA水平均能抑制DENV的复制,且抑制作用优于利巴韦林,有望成为抗登革病毒的候选药物。

, correspAuthors=杨柳萌, 郑永唐, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 杨柳萌, Tel / Fax: 86-871-5195684, E-mail: ;
郑永唐, Tel / Fax: 86-871-5195684, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2018, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=9OdbIUbVzRXTFlvkSwGunQ==, magXml=szjtpq+pjrYSVGK06OOrCg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=NVDXnqCywPNVyOiRQaCW4Q==, pdfFileSize=328567, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=vHEzlMYaTdA0xPaJ7FS/jg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=9/M8fmSPDvlD7zZLODSl/Q==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=张春涛, 罗荣华, 陈欢, 刘光明, 常俊标, 杨柳萌, 郑永唐)}, authors=[Author(id=1218970761520403420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551218541085188, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1218970761650426857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551218541085188, authorId=1218970761520403420, language=EN, stringName=Chun-tao ZHANG, firstName=Chun-tao, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. College of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
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Curr Topics Microbiol Immunol, 2010, 338:67-81., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218970770735289021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551218541085188, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Scott LJ. Tetravalent dengue vaccine:a review in the prevention of dengue disease[J]. Drugs, 2016, 76:1-12., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218970770852729552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551218541085188, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang GH, Zheng YT. Research progress of chemical drugs against dengue virus[J]. Chin Pharm J (中国药学杂志), 2017, 52:809-813., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218970771049861859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551218541085188, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lim SP, Wang QY, Noble CG, et al. Ten years of dengue drug discovery:progress and prospects[J]. 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J Medl Chem, 2009, 52:2971-2978., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218970772673057554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551218541085188, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang RR, Yang QH, Luo RH, et al. Azvudine, a novel nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor showed good drug combination features and better inhibition on drug-resistant strains than lamivudine in vitro[J]. 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The search for nucleoside/ nucleotide analog inhibitors of dengue virus[J]. Antiviral Res, 2015, 122:12-19., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218970773251871552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551218541085188, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zou G, Xu HY, Qing M, et al. Development and characterization of a stable luciferase dengue virus for high-throughput screening[J]. Antiviral Res, 2011, 91:11-19., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218970773428032335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551218541085188, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Peng Y, Cheng T, Dong L, et al. Quantification of 2'-deoxy-2'- β-fluoro-4'-azidocytidine in rat and dog plasma using liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight and liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry:application to bioavailability and pharmacokinetic studies[J]. J Pharm Biomed Anal, 2014, 98:379-386., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218970773558055771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551218541085188, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kalayanov G, Tai E, Sund C, et al. 2'-Deoxy-4'-azido nucleoside analogs are highly potent inhibitors of hepatitis C virus replication despite the lack of 2'-α-hydroxyl groups[J]. 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Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1218970761398768592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551218541085188, companyId=1218970761377797067, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.河南师范大学, 河南 新乡 453007)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1218970766742311311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551218541085188, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=iW05/ChBGBdxq9y5M0uATA==, figureFileBig=Ru52cprZImPdlAJGxFL1LA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218970766884917668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551218541085188, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption=

The structure of azvudine (FNC, A), hydrochloride salt of azvudine (FNC-HCl, B) and triphosphate azovudine (FNC-TP, C)

, figureFileSmall=iW05/ChBGBdxq9y5M0uATA==, figureFileBig=Ru52cprZImPdlAJGxFL1LA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218970768256455099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551218541085188, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=ZBagX/MlD2QDKRIzEVuipw==, figureFileBig=0+4UAd78wWRTg8eWdiUbHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218970768394867154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551218541085188, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption=

Inhibitory effects of FNC, FNC-HCl and FNC-TP on DENVs by plaque assay. A: DENV-Ⅰ; B: DENV-Ⅱ; C: DENV-Ⅲ; D: DENV-Ⅳ. n = 3, $\overline{x}±s$

, figureFileSmall=ZBagX/MlD2QDKRIzEVuipw==, figureFileBig=0+4UAd78wWRTg8eWdiUbHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218970768516501982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551218541085188, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=iZle2BQk+4JI9Rt5fLAvbw==, figureFileBig=MJU9+0wcx7qagx0CXxWwTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218970768675885549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551218541085188, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption=

Effects of compounds on DENV-Ⅱ envelope protein E expression by Western blot. PC: Positive control; BC: Blank control

, figureFileSmall=iZle2BQk+4JI9Rt5fLAvbw==, figureFileBig=MJU9+0wcx7qagx0CXxWwTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218970768780743162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551218541085188, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=AEp3w9KilDCS6NA0mJhBgQ==, figureFileBig=u5kHXEhgkdem6w/Ey+XSHQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218970768948515342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551218541085188, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption=

Quantification of DENV-Ⅱ viral RNA strands. FNC (A), FNC-HCl (B) and FNC-TP (C) inhibited the replication of DENV virus RNA. n = 3, $\overline{x}±s$. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs PC

, figureFileSmall=AEp3w9KilDCS6NA0mJhBgQ==, figureFileBig=u5kHXEhgkdem6w/Ey+XSHQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218970769112093211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551218541085188, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CompoundCC50/μmol·L-1Therapeutic index
DENV-ⅠDENV-ⅡDENV-ⅢDENV-Ⅳ
Ribavirin> 1 000.00-> 24.52--
FNC> 3 000.00> 293.83> 2 127.66> 99.21> 1 648.35
FNC-HCl> 3 000.00> 1 083.03> 1 181.10> 656.46> 5 555.56
FNC-TP> 3 000.00> 135.62> 1 785.71> 27 272.73> 118.02
), ArticleFig(id=1218970769359557169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218551218541085188, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

The cytotoxicity of compounds on Vero cells and the therapeutic index of compound against DENV (n = 3). CC50: 50% Cytotoxic concentration

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CompoundCC50/μmol·L-1Therapeutic index
DENV-ⅠDENV-ⅡDENV-ⅢDENV-Ⅳ
Ribavirin> 1 000.00-> 24.52--
FNC> 3 000.00> 293.83> 2 127.66> 99.21> 1 648.35
FNC-HCl> 3 000.00> 1 083.03> 1 181.10> 656.46> 5 555.56
FNC-TP> 3 000.00> 135.62> 1 785.71> 27 272.73> 118.02
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阿兹夫定体外抗登革病毒活性研究
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张春涛 1, 2 , 罗荣华 2 , 陈欢 2 , 刘光明 1 , 常俊标 3 , 杨柳萌 2, * , 郑永唐 2, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 药理学 2018,53(6): 944-949
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药学学报 | 研究论文 药理学 2018, 53(6): 944-949
阿兹夫定体外抗登革病毒活性研究
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张春涛1, 2, 罗荣华2, 陈欢2, 刘光明1, 常俊标3, 杨柳萌2, * , 郑永唐2, *
作者信息
  • 1.大理大学药学与化学学院, 云南 大理 671000
  • 2.中国科学院昆明动物研究所, 云南省活性多肽研究与利用重点实验室/中国科学院动物模型与人类疾病重点实验室, 云南 昆明 650223
  • 3.河南师范大学, 河南 新乡 453007

通讯作者:

* 杨柳萌, Tel / Fax: 86-871-5195684, E-mail: ;
郑永唐, Tel / Fax: 86-871-5195684, E-mail:
The study of azvudine activity against dengue viruses in vitro
Chun-tao ZHANG1, 2, Rong-hua LUO2, Huan CHEN2, Guang-ming LIU1, Jun-biao CHANG3, Liu-meng YANG2, * , Yong-tang ZHENG2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. College of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
  • 2. Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
  • 3. Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
出版时间: 2018-06-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2018-0245
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本文通过检测化合物对登革Ⅱ型重组病毒(DENV-Ⅱ Luc+)表达海肾荧光素酶活性的影响,进行化合物筛选,发现阿兹夫定(azvudine,FNC)、盐酸阿兹夫定(hydrochloride salt of azvudine,FNC-HCl)和三磷酸酯阿兹夫定(triphosphate azvudine,FNC-TP)能够抑制DENV-Ⅱ Luc+的复制,并研究其体外抗登革病毒(dengue virus,DENV)活性。首先通过噬斑法检测FNC、FNC-HCl和FNC-TP对DENV的抑制活性;并通过蛋白印迹实验检测3种化合物对DENV-Ⅱ囊膜蛋白E(envelope protein E)表达的影响,最后通过实时定量PCR检测化合物对DENV-Ⅱ病毒RNA的抑制作用。结果显示,FNC、FNC-HCl和FNC-TP抑制DENV复制的半数有效浓度(EC50)在0.54~25.42 μmol·L-1之间,阳性药物利巴韦林抑制DENV-Ⅱ的EC50为40.78±1.02 μmol·L-1。蛋白印迹实验及定量结果显示,3种化合物均能抑制DENV-Ⅱ囊膜蛋白E的表达,并且显著地抑制DENV-Ⅱ病毒RNA的复制。通过MTT法检测发现FNC、FNC-HCl和FNC-TP的细胞毒性很小,半数细胞毒性浓度(CC50)均大于3 000.00 μmol·L-1。本研究表明FNC、FNC-HCl和FNC-TP在细胞水平、蛋白水平及RNA水平均能抑制DENV的复制,且抑制作用优于利巴韦林,有望成为抗登革病毒的候选药物。

阿兹夫定  /  登革病毒  /  抗病毒活性  /  体外

In this study, azvudine (FNC), hydrochloride salt of azvudine (FNC-HCl) and triphosphate azovudine (FNC-TP) were tested against DENV-Ⅱ recombinant virus (DENV-Ⅱ Luc+). The inhibitory activity of FNC, FNC-HCl and FNC-TP on DENVs were detected by plaque assay. The effect on the expression of DENV-Ⅱ envelope protein E was detected by Western blot; the inhibitory of DENV-Ⅱ viral RNA by compounds was detected by real-time quantitative PCR. MTT assay was used to determine the cytotoxicity of the three compounds on Vero cells. The results showed that FNC, FNC-HCl and FNC-TP inhibited the viral replication by inhibition of renilla luciferase activity of DENV-Ⅱ Luc+. The 50% effective concentration (EC50) of FNC, FNC-HCl and FNC-TP in the inhibition of DENVs replication were from 0.54-25.42 μmol·L-1, while that of ribavirin was 40.78 ±1.02 μmol·L-1 as the positive control. Western blot and real time quantitative PCR results showed that FNC, FNC-HCl and FNC-TP significantly inhibited the expression of DENV-Ⅱ E protein, and the replication of DENV-Ⅱ viral RNA. The 50% cytotoxic concentrations of FNC, FNC-HCl and FNC-TP were all greater than 3 000.00 μmol·L-1. The results suggest that in vitro anti-DENVs activities of FNC, FNC-HCl and FNC-TP are superior to ribavirin, which are expected to become new candidates of anti-DENV drugs.

azvudine  /  dengue virus  /  antiviral activity  /  in vitro
张春涛, 罗荣华, 陈欢, 刘光明, 常俊标, 杨柳萌, 郑永唐. 阿兹夫定体外抗登革病毒活性研究. 药学学报, 2018 , 53 (6) : 944 -949 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2018-0245
Chun-tao ZHANG, Rong-hua LUO, Huan CHEN, Guang-ming LIU, Jun-biao CHANG, Liu-meng YANG, Yong-tang ZHENG. The study of azvudine activity against dengue viruses in vitro[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2018 , 53 (6) : 944 -949 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2018-0245
登革病毒(dengue virus, DENV)属于黄病毒科黄病毒属(Flavivirus), 黄病毒属包括西部尼罗河病毒、蜱传脑炎病毒、基孔肯尼亚热病毒、黄热病病毒和日本脑炎病毒等。DENV是单股正链RNA病毒, 基因组全长约10.7 kb[1], 编码7种结构蛋白和7种非结构蛋白。其结构蛋白包括衣壳蛋白C、前膜蛋白prM和囊膜蛋白E, 非结构蛋白包括NS1、NS2a、NS2b、NS3、NS4a、NS4b和NS5蛋白[2]。结构蛋白在形成病毒颗粒、与受体结合、病毒融合和病毒组装中起关键作用, 非结构蛋白负责病毒基因组的复制及逃逸宿主免疫反应。
DENV主要通过埃及伊蚊和白纹伊蚊传播。据估计, 全球有128个国家大约39.7亿人有感染DENV的风险, 约占世界人口的一半[3]。近年来, 全球登革热的发病率急剧上升, 估计每年有3.9亿人口感染, 其中有9 600万人被确诊为严重程度不同的登革热(dengue fever, DF)[4]。DENV包括4种血清型(DENV Ⅰ~Ⅳ), 感染一种DENV血清型仅产生针对该血清型的特异性抗体。原发性DENV感染通常导致轻度登革热, 并为感染该病毒血清型提供终身免疫。然而, 由于不同血清型的病毒感染存在抗体依赖增强作用, 不同DENV血清型的继发感染增加了登革出血热(dengue hemorrhagic fever, DHF)的风险, 还可能引起危及生命的登革休克综合征(dengue shock syndrome, DSS)[5], 使得登革疫苗研发成为一大难题。2015年末, 由赛诺菲巴斯德公司开发的首个登革热疫苗Dengvaxia (CYD-TDV)在菲律宾、巴西、墨西哥等国家注册, 供流行区的9~45岁居民使用[6], 但该疫苗的安全性和有效性仍有待于观察研究。
至今尚无登革热的特效药物上市, 登革热患者仅能通过对症治疗缓解临床症状。迫切需要安全有效的抗DENV药物来减少登革病毒的发病率和死亡率, 研发新的抗DENV药物迫在眉睫。DENV抑制剂可分为DENV复制周期阻断剂和宿主因子抑制剂。DENV复制周期阻断剂包括进入抑制剂、衣壳蛋白抑制剂、非结构蛋白(NS3、NS4B和NS5等)靶点抑制剂; 宿主因子抑制剂包括细胞受体抑制剂、脂类合成及代谢途径抑制剂和葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂[7]。许多抑制剂由于选择性差、理化和药代动力学性质欠佳等原因, 未能进入临床应用, 如RNA聚合酶核苷类似物NITD-008和balapiravir虽然已进入临床试验, 但分别由于毒性较高和疗效低而终止研究。西戈斯韦(celgosivir)是一种宿主α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂, 目前正在进行临床试验, 其临床疗效仍有待确定[8]
阿兹夫定(4'-alpha-叠氮-2'-脱氧-2'-beta-氟胞嘧啶, FNC)是一种新型的核苷类抑制剂(nucleoside analog inhibitors, NIs), 有研究证明它对野生型HBV及拉米夫定耐药的HBV突变体具有抑制活性[9]。此外, FNC选择性地抑制HCV 1a和1b基因型中S96T或S282T点突变病毒RNA的合成, 对4'-叠氮胞苷(R1479)或2'-beta-甲基胞苷(NM107)耐药的HCV病毒没有交叉耐药性[10]。本课题组前期研究发现, FNC能够明显抑制HIV-1和HIV-2的复制[11], 并于2013年获得CFDA的抗HIV新药临床研究批件(批件号: 2013L00941), 目前已进入临床Ⅲ期试验。FNC-HCl也对HIV-1野生株和核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂耐药株表现出极强的抗HIV活性[12]。迄今未见FNC抗DENV的研究报道。本研究旨在探索FNC、FNC-HCl和FNC-TP对抗DENV的抑制活性, 以期研发新的抗DENV药物。
化合物  FNC、盐酸阿兹夫定(FNC-HCl)和三磷酸酯阿兹夫定(FNC-TP)由河南师范大学常俊标教授惠赠, 结构如图 1所示。利巴韦林(ribavirin)购自大连美仑生物技术有限公司。
试剂  低熔点琼脂糖购自美国Amresco公司; 结晶紫购自北京索莱宝公司; DMEM、RPMI-1640培养基、胎牛血清(FBS)购自Thermo Fisher公司; 海肾荧光素酶检测试剂盒购自北京TransGen Biotech公司; DENV-Ⅱ囊膜蛋白E抗体(cat No. GTX629116)购自GeneTex公司; β-actin抗体购自北京康为世纪公司。提取RNA试剂盒High Pure Viral RNA Kit (cat No. 11858882001)购自Roche公司; 逆转录试剂盒Prime Script Ⅱ 1st Strand cDNA Sythesis Kit (cat No. 6210A)、荧光定量PCR试剂盒Premix Ex Taq TM (Probe qPCR) (cat No. RR390A)购自Takara公司。引物由昆明硕擎公司合成, 用双蒸水将引物稀释为10 μmol·L-1, 分装4 ℃保存备用。
细胞与病毒  非洲绿猴肾细胞(Vero)购自中国科学院上海细胞库, 乳仓鼠肾细胞(BHK-21)和白纹伊蚊细胞(C6/36)购自中国科学院昆明细胞库。Vero细胞和BHK-21细胞采用含10%胎牛血清(FBS)的DMEM培养基培养, C6/36细胞采用含10% FBS的RPMI-1640培养基培养, 细胞维持液含2% FBS。所有培养液均含有100 u·mL-1青霉素和100 μg·mL-1硫酸链霉素。登革Ⅱ型重组病毒(DENV-Ⅱ Luc+)由中国科学院武汉病毒研究所张波研究员惠赠, 在Vero细胞内传代扩增。DENV-Ⅰ D06063株(GenBank: JQ317743.1), DENV-Ⅱ D01090株(GenBank: KY882458), DENV-Ⅲ YNSW1株(GenBank: KR296743.1)及DENV-Ⅳ (GenBank号未发表)均由中国医学科学院昆明医学生物学研究所孙强明研究员惠赠, 在C6/36内扩增, 病毒滴度用噬斑法滴定。实验用病毒滴度分别为1.45×103 PFU·mL-1 (DENV-Ⅰ)、5.04×106 PFU·mL-1 (DENV-Ⅱ)、1.44×105 PFU·mL-1 (DENV-Ⅲ)和3.31×104 PFU·mL-1 (DENV-Ⅳ)。
抗登革病毒活性化合物筛选  将Vero细胞铺于96孔板中, 4×104个/孔。培养24 h后, 弃上清, 加入含有待测化合物和DENV-Ⅱ Luc+。待测化合物进行5倍梯度稀释, 每个浓度设3个复孔, 分别设置含病毒和细胞的阳性对照孔(positive control, PC)和仅含细胞的空白对照孔(blank control, BC)。37 ℃, 5% CO2条件下培养72 h后, 弃上清, PBS清洗细胞2次, 加入细胞裂解液, 冰上裂解30 min, 将海肾荧光素酶底物与细胞裂解液1:1混合, 检测相对荧光素酶活性单位(relative luciferase unit, RLU)。通过检测化合物对海肾荧光素酶报告基因的抑制活性来测定化合物对病毒复制的抑制作用。
噬斑法检测化合物对DENV-Ⅱ型病毒的抑制活性  Vero细胞铺种于12孔板, 3×105个/孔。培养24 h后, 加入DENV-Ⅱ型病毒, 每孔250 μL, 吸附2~4 h后加入含有梯度稀释待测化合物的1%低熔点琼脂糖- DMEM (2% FBS)培养基。37 ℃、5% CO2培养5天, 每天观察细胞状态及噬斑形成。第5天采用4%多聚甲醛固定10 min, 清洗3次, 加入0.8%结晶紫进行染色。用酶联荧光斑点分析仪(CTL, Immunospot S6 Universal)进行图片采集并对噬斑进行计数, 计算半数有效浓度(50% effective concentration, EC50)。
蛋白印迹方法(Western blot)检测化合物对DENV囊膜蛋白的影响  为了进一步验证化合物的有效性, 采用蛋白印迹方法检测该化合物对DENV-Ⅱ E蛋白的抑制作用。BHK-21细胞1×105个/孔铺种于24孔板培养24 h后, 弃培养上清, 再加入DENV- Ⅱ型病毒, 每孔200 μL吸附2 h后, 加入含有梯度稀释化合物的细胞维持液。设置PC和BC孔, 37 ℃、5% CO2培养48 h后, 提取细胞总蛋白, Western blot检测化合物对DENV-Ⅱ E蛋白表达的抑制作用。用ImageJ软件对Western blot条带进行灰度分析, 以PC为对照, 计算E蛋白的相对表达量。
qRT-PCR检测化合物对DENV RNA复制的影响  将Vero细胞1×105个/孔铺种于24孔板培养24 h后, 弃培养上清, 加入DENV-Ⅱ型病毒, 每孔200 μL吸附2 h后, 弃病毒上清液, 1×PBS洗3次, 加入含有梯度稀释化合物的培养液。设置PC和BC孔, 37 ℃、5% CO2培养48 h后, 提取上清液中RNA。采用探针法进行qRT-PCR检测, 体系为20 μL, 包括: 2×Premix Ex Taq (Probe qPCR) 10.0 μL、10 μmol·L-1上下游引物及探针各0.4 μL、50×ROX Reference DyeⅡ 0.2 μL、cDNA模板2 μL, 加双蒸水补至20 μL。RT-PCR反应条件: 95 ℃预变性30 s; 95 ℃ 3 s, 60 ℃ 30 s, 40个循环。引物序列如下: qPCR-F: 5'-AGGCTCTCCACC AAGTTTTCGG-3', qPCR-R: 5'-TTCCTATCCATGTG ATAATGACTCCTA-3', 探针序列: 5'-CCATGAGACC CCACTGAAGGCAGC-3'。探针的5'端以荧光发射基因FAM标记, 3'端以荧光淬灭基团TAMAR标记。
MTT法检测化合物的细胞毒性  化合物对细胞的毒性采用MTT法测定[13]。将Vero细胞按4×104个/孔接种于96培养板, 37 ℃、5% CO2培养24 h。待细胞长成单层后, 弃培养上清, 加入含梯度稀释待测化合物的DMEM培养基, 每个浓度设置3个复孔, 并设正常细胞对照组。培养5天后, 每孔加5 mg·mL-1 MTT 20 μL, 37 ℃孵育4 h后, 弃100 μL上清, 加入12% SDS-50% DMF溶液100 μL, 37 ℃孵育过夜。待结晶完全溶解, 震荡混匀, 选用Bio-TEK酶标仪检测OD值(检测波长570 nm, 参考波长630 nm)。根据实验结果绘制剂量反应曲线, 计算出对半数细胞毒性浓度(50% cytotoxic concentration, CC50)。
计算公式  EC50和CC50采用Reed-Muench法计算, 治疗指数(therapeutic index, TI)根据公式TI = CC50/EC50计算, TI越大, 说明化合物的抗病毒活性越好。
数据处理  实验数据通过GraphPad Prism 5软件进行计算分析, 两组数据比较使用t检验。P < 0.05被认为差异具有统计学意义。
DENV-Ⅱ Luc+是DENV-Ⅱ衣壳蛋白中插入海肾荧光素酶报告基因的重组病毒。DENV-Ⅱ Luc+感染Vero细胞后, 通过检测海肾荧光素酶活性测定化合物对病毒的抑制作用, 可用于高通量筛选。本研究对739个化合物进行初步筛选后, 发现FNC、FNC-HCl和FNC-TP能够抑制DENV-Ⅱ Luc+的复制。EC50分别为1.16 ± 1.44、3.68 ± 4.33和0.83 ± 0.26 μmol·L-1, 阳性药物利巴韦林的EC50为7.43 ± 4.77 μmol·L-1。说明FNC、FNC-HCl和FNC-TP对DENV-Ⅱ Luc+的抑制作用优于利巴韦林。
以利巴韦林为阳性对照药物, 采用噬斑法检测FNC、FNC-HCl和FNC-TP对DENV复制的抑制活性。通过3次独立重复实验结果显示, FNC、FNC- HCl和FNC-TP在100 μmol·L-1浓度下能够完全抑制DENV的复制。对噬斑进行计数分析发现, 化合物对4种血清型DENV的抑制效果均呈剂量依赖关系(图 2)。FNC、FNC-HCl和FNC-TP抑制DENV-Ⅰ复制的EC50分别为10.21 ± 1.93、2.77 ± 1.13和22.12 ± 0.63 μmol·L-1 (图 2A), 抑制DENV-Ⅱ的EC50分别为1.41 ± 0.33、2.54 ± 0.70和1.68 ± 0.32 μmol·L-1 (图 2B), 抑制DENV-Ⅲ的EC50分别为5.60 ± 2.84、4.57 ± 0.56、11.94 ± 2.03 μmol·L-1 (图 2C), 抑制DENV-Ⅳ的EC50分别为1.82 ± 0.27、0.54 ± 0.29和25.42 ± 6.70 μmol·L-1 (图 2D)。利巴韦林对DENV-Ⅱ的EC50为40.78 ± 1.02 μmol·L-1, 说明FNC、FNC-HCl和FNC-TP对DENV的抑制活性优于利巴韦林。对4个血清型DENV的抑制作用进行比较, FNC抑制DENV-Ⅱ和DENV-Ⅳ的作用强于DENV-Ⅰ和DENV-Ⅲ, FNC-HCl对4种血清型的抑制作用均较强, EC50均在5 μmol·L-1以下, FNC-TP对DENV-Ⅱ型的抑制作用优于其他3型。
为进一步确证FNC、FNC-HCl和FNC-TP对DENV的抑制作用, 采用含不同药物浓度的培养基培养DENV-Ⅱ感染的BHK-21细胞。培养48 h后提取细胞内总蛋白进行Western blot检测。结果显示, FNC、FNC-HCl和FNC-TP能够显著抑制DENV-Ⅱ E蛋白的表达, 且蛋白表达量与药物浓度呈剂量依赖关系(图 3)。
将化合物设高、中、低3个剂量组, 与感染DENV- Ⅱ的细胞进行共培养48 h, 检测化合物对DENV-Ⅱ病毒RNA的抑制作用。结果显示, FNC、FNC-HCl和FNC-TP在10和50 μmol·L-1浓度下均能显著抑制病毒RNA的复制(图 4)。FNC和FNC-TP在2 μmol·L-1时对病毒RNA复制的抑制作用没有显著性差异(图 4AC), 而FNC-HCl在该浓度下也能显著抑制病毒RNA的复制(图 4B), 该结果与噬斑法检测化合物的有效性结果一致, 3个化合物对DENV-Ⅱ的抑制作用进行比较, FNC-HCl的抑制作用最强, FNC-TP最弱。
不同浓度的FNC、FNC-HCl和FNC-TP与Vero细胞共培养5天后, 通过MTT法测细胞存活率。结果显示, 3种化合物对Vero细胞的毒性都很小, 其CC50均大于3 000.00 μmol·L-1, 阳性药物利巴韦林对Vero细胞的CC50大于1 000.00 μmol·L-1。通过CC50/ EC50计算出FNC、FNC-HCl和FNC-TP对登革病毒4个血清型的治疗指数(表 1)。
NIs是临床应用最多的抗病毒药物, 这类抑制剂在病毒性疾病如HIV-1、HBV感染中有明显的治疗效果, 对DENV治疗也发挥着重要的作用。该类抑制剂是天然核苷的类似物, 进入体内后经过多步磷酰化反应, 转化为相应的三磷酸盐后结构与天然NTP底物极为相似, 它们与内源性的dNTP竞争性地作用于酶的底物活性部位并且被结合到伸长的RNA链中以终止RNA延伸, 从而抑制病毒的复制[14]。然而由于耐药毒株及毒副作用的出现, NIs的疗效受到很大限制。因此, 研发高效、低毒、不易产生突变的新型NIs仍然是目前的研究热点之一。
FNC是一种新型的核苷类抑制剂, 本研究发现其具有体外抗DENV的活性。DENV-Ⅱ Luc+是在DENV-Ⅱ (strain TSV01; GenBank accession No. AY037116)衣壳蛋白中插入海肾荧光素酶报告基因的重组病毒, 荧光素酶随着病毒复制而表达, 通过检测荧光素酶可以测定病毒复制。该重组病毒能够筛选抗DENV整个生命周期的抑制剂[15]。本研究筛选结果显示FNC、FNC-HCl和FNC-TP有较好的抗DENV-Ⅱ Luc+活性, 抑制作用均强于利巴韦林。细胞水平、蛋白水平和RNA检测确证了FNC抗DENV的作用。噬斑法检测结果发现, 3种化合物呈剂量依赖关系抑制DENV的复制。阳性药物利巴韦林对DENV-Ⅱ的治疗指数大于24.52, FNC、FNC-HCl和FNC-TP对DENV的治疗指数均显著高于利巴韦林(表 1), 说明这3种化合物对DENV的抑制活性优于利巴韦林。同时通过对宿主细胞毒性检测发现三者对Vero细胞毒性均很小, 有望成为抗DENV的潜在药物。
FNC临床前药效学研究结果显示, FNC在SD大鼠体内的无毒剂量为0.5 mg·kg-1, 0.52 mg·kg-1剂量下SD大鼠体内达到的最大血药浓度为334.32 ± 78.20 ng·mL-1 (1.17 ± 0.27 μmol·L-1)[16]。FNC对DENV-Ⅱ的EC50值低于安全剂量下体内达到的血药浓度, 对其他血清型的EC50值均高于安全剂量下体内达到的血药浓度, FNC有望成为抗登革病毒的候选药物。
文献[17]报道, FNC能够抑制HCV病毒的复制, 作用靶点为NS5B蛋白RNA依赖的RNA聚合酶。NS5是最保守的黄病毒非结构蛋白, 也是病毒RNA合成的关键, 因此成为抗病毒药物的重要靶点[18]。DENV与HCV是黄病毒科的不同属病毒, 两种病毒之间具有相似性。因此推测FNC及类似物对DENV的作用靶点可能是NS5蛋白, 但尚需进行实验验证。
本研究首次发现FNC、FNC-HCl和FNC-TP能够抑制登革病毒的复制, 且FNC-HCl对4种血清型DENV的抑制作用均优于FNC和FNC-TP, 有望成为治疗登革热的新型先导药物。
  • 国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFC1201000)
  • 云南省重大科技专项计划课题(2017ZF007)
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2018年第53卷第6期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2018-0245
  • 接收时间:2018-03-21
  • 首发时间:2026-01-15
  • 出版时间:2018-06-12
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  • 收稿日期:2018-03-21
  • 修回日期:2018-04-08
基金
国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFC1201000)
云南省重大科技专项计划课题(2017ZF007)
作者信息
    1.大理大学药学与化学学院, 云南 大理 671000
    2.中国科学院昆明动物研究所, 云南省活性多肽研究与利用重点实验室/中国科学院动物模型与人类疾病重点实验室, 云南 昆明 650223
    3.河南师范大学, 河南 新乡 453007

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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