Article(id=1218263591019532737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1218263587458568607, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2017-0631, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1498665600000, receivedDateStr=2017-06-29, revisedDate=1500825600000, revisedDateStr=2017-07-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768386274342, onlineDateStr=2026-01-14, pubDate=1507737600000, pubDateStr=2017-10-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768386274342, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-14, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768386274342, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768386274342, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1218263587458568607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2017', volume='52', issue='10', pageStart='1485', pageEnd='1635', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768386273493, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768386692631, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218265345501086635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1218263587458568607, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218265345501086636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1218263587458568607, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1561, endPage=1567, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1218263591485100507, articleId=1218263591019532737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=The beneficial effect of metformin on beta-cell function of type 2 diabetes mice and its possible mechanisms, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=ORIGINAL ARTICLES, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
To investigate the effects of metformin on pancreatic β-cell function and its possible mechanism, high fat diet-induced type 2 diabetic C57BL/6J mice were divided into two groups according to fasting blood glucose (FBG), glucose decreasing rate at 40 min of insulin tolerance test, triglycerides (TG), cholesterol (CHO) and body weight (BW). The C57 mice were gavaged with water or metformin for 58 days. β-Cell function was evaluated by oral glucose tolerance test and hyperglycemic clamp. Genes and proteins related to pancreas proliferation, lipid metabolism and endoplasmic reticulum stress were investigated. Compared with the model group, metformin group exhibited a reduction in the body weight (P < 0.01), plasma TG and CHO (P < 0.05), and the area under the curve (AUC) (P < 0.05) of glucose tolerance test. The glucose infusion rate during clamp was improved (P < 0.05) and the fasting insulin level was decreased in the metformin group (P < 0.05). Metformin significantly upregulated the gene expression of pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx-1, P < 0.01) and liver X receptor β (Lxr-β, P < 0.01). Western blot results showed that, the protein expression of PDX-1 was significantly upregulated (P < 0.01). Endoplasmic reticulum stress related protein of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4, P < 0.001) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP, P < 0.05) were also down-regulated. These results suggest that metformin could improve the insulin secretion function of type 2 diabetic C57BL/6J mice. The mechanism of the action may rely on its improvement of pancreas cell proliferation, lipid metabolism and amelioration of endoplasmic reticulum stress.
, correspAuthors=Zhu-fang SHEN, Ying-jie NIE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2017 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Zhi-yu CHEN, Shuai-nan LIU, Zhen-hua LUO, Su-juan SUN, Zhu-fang SHEN, Ying-jie NIE), CN=ArticleExt(id=1218263592625951279, articleId=1218263591019532737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=二甲双胍对高脂饮食诱导的2型糖尿病小鼠胰岛
β细胞功能的改善及机制探讨, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
明确二甲双胍对胰岛β细胞的作用并初步考察其作用机制。高脂饮食诱导的2型糖尿病C57BL/6J小鼠,按照空腹血糖、胰岛素耐量实验中40 min时的血糖下降百分数、甘油三酯、胆固醇及体重5个指标分为模型组(model)与二甲双胍组(model+metformin,200 mg·kg-1),连续灌胃给药58天。采用糖耐量实验与高葡萄糖钳夹技术检测胰岛功能,并分析胰腺中与增殖、脂质代谢及内质网应激相关因子的mRNA及蛋白含量变化。与model组相比,二甲双胍可显著降低C57小鼠体重(P < 0.01)、血中甘油三酯与胆固醇水平(P < 0.05);减少糖耐量实验中时间-血糖曲线下面积(P < 0.05);增加C57小鼠高糖钳夹实验中稳态期葡萄糖输注速率(P < 0.05);降低空腹血清胰岛素(P < 0.05)。二甲双胍显著上调C57小鼠胰腺中与胰腺增殖相关的胰十二指肠同源框因子-1(Pdx-1,P < 0.01)及脂质代谢相关的基因肝X受体β(Lxr-β,P < 0.01)的表达。Western blot结果显示,与model组相比,二甲双胍组小鼠胰腺中PDX-1的蛋白表达显著增加(P < 0.01);内质网应激相关的PERK通路中的激活转录因子4(ATF4,P < 0.001)和C/EBP同源蛋白(CHOP,P < 0.05)蛋白表达量也较model组显著减少。以上结果提示,二甲双胍可改善2型糖尿病C57BL/6J小鼠胰岛素分泌功能。其作用机制可能与促进胰腺增殖、改善脂质代谢并缓解胰腺内质网应激状态相关。
, correspAuthors=申竹芳, 聂瑛洁, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
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1, 2, address=1. The Central Laboratory, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550001, China
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2, address=2.中国医学科学院, 北京协和医学院药物研究所, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100050, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1218968461309563888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263591019532737, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1218968461322146801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263591019532737, companyId=1218968461309563888, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. State Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functions, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1218968461334729714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263591019532737, companyId=1218968461309563888, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中国医学科学院, 北京协和医学院药物研究所, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100050)])]), Author(id=1218968462379110481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263591019532737, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1218968462504939616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263591019532737, authorId=1218968462379110481, language=EN, stringName=Zhen-hua LUO, firstName=Zhen-hua, middleName=null, lastName=LUO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, address=1. The Central Laboratory, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550001, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1218968462639157355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263591019532737, authorId=1218968462379110481, language=CN, stringName=罗振华, firstName=振华, middleName=null, lastName=罗, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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2, address=2.中国医学科学院, 北京协和医学院药物研究所, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100050, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1218968461309563888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263591019532737, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1218968461322146801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263591019532737, companyId=1218968461309563888, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. State Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functions, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1218968461334729714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263591019532737, companyId=1218968461309563888, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中国医学科学院, 北京协和医学院药物研究所, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100050)])]), Author(id=1218968463192805536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263591019532737, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=nienyj@hotmail.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1218968463364772014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263591019532737, authorId=1218968463192805536, language=EN, stringName=Zhu-fang SHEN, firstName=Zhu-fang, middleName=null, lastName=SHEN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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β细胞功能), Keyword(id=1218968465050882403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263591019532737, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=内质网应激), Keyword(id=1218968465155740012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263591019532737, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=脂质代谢)], refs=[Reference(id=1218968468012061372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263591019532737, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chamberlain JJ, Herman WH, Leal S, et al. Pharmacologic therapy for type 2 diabetes:synopsis of the 2017 American Diabetes Association Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes[J]. Ann Intern Med, 2017, 166:572-578., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218968468116918984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263591019532737, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Inzucchi SE, Bergenstal RM, Buse JB, et al. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes:a patient-centered approach:position statement of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)[J]. Diabetes Care, 2012, 35:1364-1379., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218968468217582292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263591019532737, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Mu YM, Ji LN, Ning G, et al. Chinese experts consensus statement on metformin in the clinical practice:2016 updated[J]. Chin J Diabetes (中国糖尿病杂志), 2016, 24:871-884., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218968468322439906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263591019532737, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhou G, Myers R, Li Y, et al. Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action[J]. J Clin Invest, 2001, 108:1167-1174., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218968468465046256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263591019532737, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Moreno-Navarrete JM, Ortega FJ, Rodríguez-Hermosa JI, et al. OCT1 expression in adipocytes could contribute to increased metformin action in obese subjects[J]. Diabetes, 2011, 60:168-176., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218968468616041214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263591019532737, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tahrani AA, Bailey CJ, Del Prato S, et al. Management of type 2 diabetes:new and future developments in treatment[J]. Lancet, 2011, 378:182-197., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218968468808979215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263591019532737, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Laybutt DR, Preston AM, Akerfeldt MC, et al. Endoplas-mic reticulum stress contributes to
β cell apoptosis in type 2 diabetes[J]. Diabetologia, 2007, 50:752-763., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218968468959974170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263591019532737, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Haataja L, Manickam N, Soliman A, et al. Disulfide mispairing during proinsulin folding in the endoplasmic reticulum[J]. 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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2006, 103:19575-19580., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218968469740114781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263591019532737, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li X, Zhang S, Blander G, et al. SIRT1 deacetylates and positively regulates the nuclear receptor LXR[J]. Mol Cell, 2007, 28:91-106., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218968469828195173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263591019532737, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Nomiyama T, Bruemmer D. Liver X receptors as therapeutic targets in metabolism and atherosclerosis[J]. Curr Athero-scler Rep, 2008, 10:88-95., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218968469958218612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263591019532737, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Eizirik DL, Cardozo AK, Cnop M. The role for endoplasmic reticulum stress in diabetes mellitus[J]. 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Body weight of C57 mice were recorded every three days during 58 days treated with vehicle or metformin (Met, 200 mg·kg-1 ig, once daily). n = 8-10, mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs model group
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The β-cell sensitivity to glucose in C57 mice is improved after treatment of metformin. A: Plasma glucose; B: Glucose infusion rate; C: Plasma insulin level; D: Insulin stimulation ratio during the hyperglycemic clamp in C57 mice treated with vehicle or metformin for 52 days. Mice were fasted for 4-6 h before the experiment. n = 4-5, mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001 vs model group
, figureFileSmall=NHjz8aVk0eNIVk6c6YbFwQ==, figureFileBig=NGzFkakkKTcqyto/Iet49g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218968465910714819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263591019532737, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=elhPfY11qFWoERlgNM3G7Q==, figureFileBig=1XohIt/rZhN4opyM6D7Bcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218968466015572433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263591019532737, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption=
The effects of metformin on histopathological morphology of the pancreas of C57 diabetic mice. A: Control group; B: Model group; C: Model+Met group. Arrow, fat drop and fibroblast. HE, hematoxylin and eosin staining
, figureFileSmall=elhPfY11qFWoERlgNM3G7Q==, figureFileBig=1XohIt/rZhN4opyM6D7Bcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218968466124624352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263591019532737, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=4ijSPi53M2nZb82XLpcqaw==, figureFileBig=tXvI0nos3t4m/yjNm69/Og==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218968466221093354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263591019532737, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption=
Pdx-1 (A) and Lxr-β (B) mRNA levels. Total RNA was extracted from pancreas of C57 mice and analyzed by real-time PCR. Results are means ± SEM determined from three experiments performed in triplicate or quadruplicate and are expressed as fold-change of mRNA levels in control C57 mice pancreas. ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001 vs Con group; **P < 0.01 vs model group
, figureFileSmall=4ijSPi53M2nZb82XLpcqaw==, figureFileBig=tXvI0nos3t4m/yjNm69/Og==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218968466380476922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263591019532737, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=nJ8PoEM4NVnAdjDZQhoviw==, figureFileBig=Oq0N2GAiMc8BvcCzQ/A8RA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218968466493723147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263591019532737, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption=
Western blot analysis (A) comparing changes in pancreatic protein expression of PDX-1 (B), phosphorylated eIF2α (C), ATF4 (D) and CHOP (E) of C57 mice. Total eIF2α and β-actin protein served as loading controls. All the bands were quantified by densitometry and are expressed as fold change compared with control. n = 3-4, mean ± SEM. ##P < 0.01 vs Con group; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs model group
, figureFileSmall=nJ8PoEM4NVnAdjDZQhoviw==, figureFileBig=Oq0N2GAiMc8BvcCzQ/A8RA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218968466619552282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263591019532737, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Group | FBG/mg·dL-1 | BG decrease at 40 min in ITT/% | TG/mg·dL-1 | CHO/mg·dL-1 | BW/g |
| Model | 118.6 ± 3.4 | -21.7 ± 5.7 | 67.4 ± 1.5 | 239.8 ± 16.1 | 48.0 ± 1.5 |
| Model+Met | 117.7 ± 5.2 | -20.0 ± 6.8 | 71.8 ± 4.1 | 240.4 ± 20.8 | 48.0 ± 1.6 |
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Animal grouping. C57 mice were grouped according to the fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood glucose (BG) decrease at 40 min in the insulin tolerance test (ITT), triglycerides (TG), cholesterol (CHO) and body weight (BW). There is no significance between the two groups. n = 10, mean ± SEM
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| Group | FBG/mg·dL-1 | BG decrease at 40 min in ITT/% | TG/mg·dL-1 | CHO/mg·dL-1 | BW/g |
| Model | 118.6 ± 3.4 | -21.7 ± 5.7 | 67.4 ± 1.5 | 239.8 ± 16.1 | 48.0 ± 1.5 |
| Model+Met | 117.7 ± 5.2 | -20.0 ± 6.8 | 71.8 ± 4.1 | 240.4 ± 20.8 | 48.0 ± 1.6 |
), ArticleFig(id=1218968466887987760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263591019532737, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Group | TG/mg·dL-1 | CHO/mg·dL-1 |
| Con | 68.0 ± 3.7 | 55.0 ± 13.1 |
| Model | 92.8 ± 6.8# | 167.4 ± 10.2### |
| Model+Met | 73.0 ± 3.5* | 137.9 ± 6.5* |
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Plasma lipid levels in C57 mice after 49 days of treatment of metformin. n = 8-10, mean ± SEM. #P < 0.05, ###P < 0.001 vs Con group; *P < 0.05 vs model group
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| Group | TG/mg·dL-1 | CHO/mg·dL-1 |
| Con | 68.0 ± 3.7 | 55.0 ± 13.1 |
| Model | 92.8 ± 6.8# | 167.4 ± 10.2### |
| Model+Met | 73.0 ± 3.5* | 137.9 ± 6.5* |
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| Group | Glucose/mg·dL-1 | AUC/mg·dL-1·h-1 |
| 0 min | 30 min | 60 min | 120 min |
| Con | 114.7 ± 4.2 | 175.8 ± 3.7 | 149.8 ± 3.4 | 128.2 ± 3.9 | 293.0 ± 5.0 |
| Model | 119.2 ± 4.8 | 221.0 ± 13.6## | 201.0 ± 17.0# | 148.5 ± 11.6 | 366.0 ± 25.6# |
| Model+Met | 96.3 ± 5.1** | 171.7 ± 13.9* | 150.5 ± 13.5 | 126.4 ± 6.4 | 286.0 ± 20.0* |
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Plasma glucose level and area under the curve (AUC) of introperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) after 49 days treatment of metformin. After 4 h of fasting, the mice were injected with 2 g·kg-1 glucose. Glucose at 0, 30, 60 and 120 min were tested and the AUC was calculated according to glucose levels. n = 8-10, mean ± SEM. #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 vs Con group; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs model group
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| Group | Glucose/mg·dL-1 | AUC/mg·dL-1·h-1 |
| 0 min | 30 min | 60 min | 120 min |
| Con | 114.7 ± 4.2 | 175.8 ± 3.7 | 149.8 ± 3.4 | 128.2 ± 3.9 | 293.0 ± 5.0 |
| Model | 119.2 ± 4.8 | 221.0 ± 13.6## | 201.0 ± 17.0# | 148.5 ± 11.6 | 366.0 ± 25.6# |
| Model+Met | 96.3 ± 5.1** | 171.7 ± 13.9* | 150.5 ± 13.5 | 126.4 ± 6.4 | 286.0 ± 20.0* |
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