Article(id=1218263324958053367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1218263310198296916, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2016-0886, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1473177600000, receivedDateStr=2016-09-07, revisedDate=1477238400000, revisedDateStr=2016-10-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768386210908, onlineDateStr=2026-01-14, pubDate=1484150400000, pubDateStr=2017-01-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768386210908, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-14, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768386210908, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768386210908, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1218263310198296916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2017', volume='52', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='179', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768386207389, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768386435964, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218264268965856067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1218263310198296916, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218264268965856068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1218263310198296916, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=106, endPage=112, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1218263325583003718, articleId=1218263324958053367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Protective effect and underlying mechanism of cordycepin on non-alcoholic fatty liver in ob/ob mice, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=ORIGINAL ARTICLES, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study is designed to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of cordycepin on nonalcoholic fatty liver in ob/ob mice. Twelve-week-old male ob/ob mice were divided into 5 groups according to their body weight and blood glucose, and C57BL/6J mice were used in the control group. The animals were orally administered with cordycepin for 7 weeks. Body weight and food intake were measured once a week. Blood were collected from ophthalmic venous and biochemical indexes were determined at the 2nd and 4th week. Insulin tolerance test was performed at the 5th week. After 7 weeks of administration, liver tissues were collected to determine the contents of triglycerides and total cholesterol, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Liver histology was performed by hematoxylin-eosin and oil-red O staining. Total RNA were extracted from liver tissues and the levels of lipid metabolism-related and inflammation-related genes were detected by real time PCR. Cordycepin effectively reduced the blood lipids level and improved liver function. Nevertheless, it did not improve insulin resistance in ob/ob mice. Cordycepin significantly reduced the contents of triglycerides and cholesterol, and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in liver tissues. Moreover, cordycepin remarkably suppressed the expression of genes related to lipids synthesis and inflammation. These results indicate that cordycepin may improve non-alcoholic fatty liver in ob/ob mice, and the underlying mechanism may be associated with decreased expression of genes related to lipids synthesis and inflammation.

, correspAuthors=Xu-jie HOU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2016 ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Li-ping ZHONG, Jin LI, Feng-zhong WANG, Hai-bo ZHU, Xu-jie HOU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1218263327545938238, articleId=1218263324958053367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=虫草素对ob/ob小鼠非酒精性脂肪肝的改善作用及机制研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

探讨虫草素对ob/ob小鼠非酒精性脂肪肝的改善作用及保护机制。将12周龄的雄性B6.V-Lepob/Lepob小鼠,按照血糖和体重分层后随机分为5组,并以C57BL/6J小鼠为对照组。每周监测一次体重和摄食,在给药2周和4周时,眼眶静脉取血测定血清中的各项生化指标,在给药5周时,进行胰岛素耐量实验,在给药7周后取肝脏组织对甘油三酯、胆固醇及炎症因子含量进行检测,并进行苏木精-伊红染色和油红O染色;提取肝组织的总RNA,采用实时定量PCR技术分析与脂质合成和炎症相关基因的表达。结果显示,虫草素可以有效降低ob/ob小鼠血脂水平,改善肝功能,明显降低肝脏组织脂质含量和炎症因子水平,而对胰岛素抵抗未见改善作用。实时定量PCR结果表明,虫草素可显著降低ob/ob小鼠肝脏组织中与脂质合成及炎症相关mRNA的表达。结果提示,虫草素对ob/ob小鼠非酒精性脂肪肝具有改善作用,其作用机制可能与下调脂质合成和炎症相关基因表达有关。

, correspAuthors=侯旭杰, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* Tel:86-997-4681613,E-mail:
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Acta Univ Med Anhui (安徽医科大学学报), 2015, 50:181-184., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1218970620637921731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263324958053367, awardId=81273514,91539126, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(81273514,91539126), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1218970620705030596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263324958053367, awardId=125161015000150013, language=CN, fundingSource=中国农业科学院科技创新工程(125161015000150013), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1218970616296817031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263324958053367, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1218970616305205640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263324958053367, companyId=1218970616296817031, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Deep Processing of Agricultural Products in South Xinjiang, College of Life Science, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1218970616309399945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263324958053367, companyId=1218970616296817031, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.塔里木大学生命科学学院, 南疆特色农产品深加工兵团重点实验室, 新疆 阿拉尔 843300)]), AuthorCompany(id=1218970616372314506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263324958053367, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1218970616380703115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263324958053367, companyId=1218970616372314506, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1218970616389091724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263324958053367, companyId=1218970616372314506, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所, 北京 100193)]), AuthorCompany(id=1218970616472977805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263324958053367, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1218970616481366414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263324958053367, companyId=1218970616472977805, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines;Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1218970616485560719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263324958053367, companyId=1218970616472977805, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 新药作用机制研究与药效学评价北京重点实验室, 中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 北京 100050)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1218970618284917171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263324958053367, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=z0V36uPGhFAdijoR73pn4Q==, figureFileBig=IlGa1EHKAnEXqs/W5+onww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218970618335248820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263324958053367, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption=

Effect of cordycepin on insulin resistance in ob/ob mice. A and B,blood glucose levels during insulin tolerance test (ITT) in ob/ob mice treated with vehicle,metformin (350 mg·kg-1,ig) or cordycepin (100,200 and 400 mg·kg-1,respectively,ig) for 5 weeks. n = 10, $\overline{x}±s$. **P < 0.01,***P < 0.001 vs control group; #P < 0.05,###P < 0.001 vs model group

, figureFileSmall=z0V36uPGhFAdijoR73pn4Q==, figureFileBig=IlGa1EHKAnEXqs/W5+onww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218970618448495029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263324958053367, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=IMQSdl9xYe5LT1lu0qHA8Q==, figureFileBig=YJgbBSycwmwyJI2tLiHAFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218970619715174838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263324958053367, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption=

Histological examination detected by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and oil red O staining of liver tissues in ob/ob mice. A-D were HE-stained liver in control,model,metformin and cordycepin 400 mg·kg-1 group,respectively. E-H were oil red O-stained liver in control,model,metformin and cordycepin 400 mg·kg-1 group,respectively. The magnification of HE staining and oil red O staining were 10× and 40×,respectively

, figureFileSmall=IMQSdl9xYe5LT1lu0qHA8Q==, figureFileBig=YJgbBSycwmwyJI2tLiHAFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218970619786478007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263324958053367, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=FZqHbD6iV3GK/yntPSKv5g==, figureFileBig=RQxFpT0BYdDZ9Rf8y5uC9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218970619874558392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263324958053367, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption=

Effect of cordycepin on the contents of TC (A) and TG (B) in liver tissues of ob/ob mice. The dose of cordycepin group was 400 mg·kg-1. n = 9, $\overline{x}±s$. **P < 0.01,***P < 0.001 vs control group; #P < 0.05,##P < 0.01,###P < 0.001 vs model group

, figureFileSmall=FZqHbD6iV3GK/yntPSKv5g==, figureFileBig=RQxFpT0BYdDZ9Rf8y5uC9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218970619945861561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263324958053367, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=hNjTqJw3yNbOuxG8yiygcg==, figureFileBig=45NiK4SxvV3grYFBc35X1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218970620004581818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263324958053367, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption=

Effect of cordycepin on the expression inflammatory factors in liver tissues of ob/ob mice. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were performed. The dose of cordycepin group was 400 mg·kg-1. n = 8, $\overline{x}±s$. P < 0.05,**P < 0.01 vs control group; ###P < 0.001 vs model group

, figureFileSmall=hNjTqJw3yNbOuxG8yiygcg==, figureFileBig=45NiK4SxvV3grYFBc35X1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218970620067496379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263324958053367, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=lph3FAoDajD026mfQgyPzg==, figureFileBig=jbY8iYlfUF5chz/tAQidlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218970620122022332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263324958053367, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption=

Effect of cordycepin on mRNA expression of lipids synthesis-related (A) and inflammation-related genes (B) in liver tissues of ob/ob mice. Livers were harvested after ob/ob mice treated with cordycepin (400 mg·kg-1) for 7 weeks. Lipids synthesis-related and inflammation-related genes were examined by real time PCR. Results were normalized to control gene GAPDH and model group. n = 4-5, $\overline{x}±s$. **P < 0.01,***P < 0.001 vs control group; #P < 0.05,##P < 0.01,###P < 0.001 vs model group

, figureFileSmall=lph3FAoDajD026mfQgyPzg==, figureFileBig=jbY8iYlfUF5chz/tAQidlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218970620176548285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263324958053367, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
PrimerSequence (5'-3')
TNF-α-FGCCTCTTCTCATTCCTGCTTGT
TNF-α-RTTGAGATCCATGCCGTTG
IL-6-FACCAGAGGAAATTTTCAATAGGC
IL-6-RTGATGCACTTGCAGAAAACA
IL-1β-FTCACAGCAGCACATCAACAA
IL-1β-RTGTCCTCATCCTGGAAGGTC
SREBP-1C-FGATGCCATGGGCAAGTACAC
SREBP-1C-RGCCACATAGATCTCTGCCAGTG
FAS-FGAGGTGGTGATAGCCGGTATGTC
FAS-RGGTAATCCATAGAGCCCAGCCTT
HMGCR-FTGCATCGCCATCCTGTACAT
HMGCR-RCATCCGGTGCCACACAAGTT
HMGCS-FGGCCAGCAATACCCAGAATG
HMGCS-FCATCCGGTGCCACACAAGTT
GAPDH-FGCCTGGAGAAACCTGCCAAGTAT
GAPDH-RGATGCCTGCTTCACCACCTTC
), ArticleFig(id=1218970620247851454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263324958053367, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

The primer sequence of real time-PCR. FAS: Fatty acid synthesis; GPAM: Mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate acyl transferase; HMGCR: 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reduce tase; HMGCS: 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase; IL-1β: Interleukin-1 beta; IL-6: Interleukin-6; SREBP-1c: Sterol regula tory element-binding protein-1c; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor alpha

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
PrimerSequence (5'-3')
TNF-α-FGCCTCTTCTCATTCCTGCTTGT
TNF-α-RTTGAGATCCATGCCGTTG
IL-6-FACCAGAGGAAATTTTCAATAGGC
IL-6-RTGATGCACTTGCAGAAAACA
IL-1β-FTCACAGCAGCACATCAACAA
IL-1β-RTGTCCTCATCCTGGAAGGTC
SREBP-1C-FGATGCCATGGGCAAGTACAC
SREBP-1C-RGCCACATAGATCTCTGCCAGTG
FAS-FGAGGTGGTGATAGCCGGTATGTC
FAS-RGGTAATCCATAGAGCCCAGCCTT
HMGCR-FTGCATCGCCATCCTGTACAT
HMGCR-RCATCCGGTGCCACACAAGTT
HMGCS-FGGCCAGCAATACCCAGAATG
HMGCS-FCATCCGGTGCCACACAAGTT
GAPDH-FGCCTGGAGAAACCTGCCAAGTAT
GAPDH-RGATGCCTGCTTCACCACCTTC
), ArticleFig(id=1218970620314960319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263324958053367, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
VariableControlModelMetforminCordycepin
100 mg·kg-1200 mg·kg-1400 mg·kg-1
Body weight/g28.24 ± 1.2457.31 ± 1.58***55.88 ± 2.1555.69 ± 2.3255.52 ± 3.3856.64 ± 2.03
Food intake/g per day3.20 ± 0.144.35 ± 0.094.12 ± 0.214.15 ± 0.424.21 ± 0.384.14 ± 0.44
Fasted glucose/mmol·L-13.84 ± 0.958.49 ± 2.008.45 ± 2.268.63 ± 2.267.36 ± 1.316.87 ± 1.66
Plasma TG/mmol·L-11.65 ± 0.291.47 ± 0.211.02 ± 0.11###1.34 ± 0.221.13 ± 0.17##1.05 ± 0.18##
Plasma NEFA/mEq·L-12.92 ± 0.422.78 ± 0.322.17 ± 0.20###2.65 ± 0.272.35 ± 0.25#2.32 ± 0.33##
Plasma TC/mmol·L-12.43 ± 0.106.09 ± 1.21***5.93 ± 0.966.21 ± 1.055.23 ± 1.025.34 ± 0.73
Plasma LDL-c/mmol·L-10.69 ± 0.195.24 ± 1.05***4.50 ± 0.655.51 ± 1.003.94 ± 0.84##2.87 ± 0.64###
Plasma HDL-c/mmol·L-13.53 ± 0.685.27 ± 1.47**4.97 ± 0.725.03 ± 0.734.15 ± 0.864.25 ± 1.01
Plasma ALT/U·L-111.38 ± 5.8087.81 ± 26.36***48.23 ± 19.36##83.00 ± 32.1849.66 ± 17.7##62.34 ± 27.74
Plasma AST/U·L-117.28 ± 5.5530.60 ± 12.3925.69 ± 11.1523.62 ± 7.3617.18 ± 5.02##19.48 ± 6.15#
), ArticleFig(id=1218970620382069184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263324958053367, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=

Effect of cordycepin on biochemical variables in plasma of ob/ob mice at 2th week. ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; HDL-c: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-c: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NEFA: Free fatty acid; TC: Cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride. n = 10, $\overline{x}±s$. P < 0.05,**P < 0.01,***P < 0.001 vs control group; #P < 0.05,##P < 0.01,###P < 0.001 vs model group

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
VariableControlModelMetforminCordycepin
100 mg·kg-1200 mg·kg-1400 mg·kg-1
Body weight/g28.24 ± 1.2457.31 ± 1.58***55.88 ± 2.1555.69 ± 2.3255.52 ± 3.3856.64 ± 2.03
Food intake/g per day3.20 ± 0.144.35 ± 0.094.12 ± 0.214.15 ± 0.424.21 ± 0.384.14 ± 0.44
Fasted glucose/mmol·L-13.84 ± 0.958.49 ± 2.008.45 ± 2.268.63 ± 2.267.36 ± 1.316.87 ± 1.66
Plasma TG/mmol·L-11.65 ± 0.291.47 ± 0.211.02 ± 0.11###1.34 ± 0.221.13 ± 0.17##1.05 ± 0.18##
Plasma NEFA/mEq·L-12.92 ± 0.422.78 ± 0.322.17 ± 0.20###2.65 ± 0.272.35 ± 0.25#2.32 ± 0.33##
Plasma TC/mmol·L-12.43 ± 0.106.09 ± 1.21***5.93 ± 0.966.21 ± 1.055.23 ± 1.025.34 ± 0.73
Plasma LDL-c/mmol·L-10.69 ± 0.195.24 ± 1.05***4.50 ± 0.655.51 ± 1.003.94 ± 0.84##2.87 ± 0.64###
Plasma HDL-c/mmol·L-13.53 ± 0.685.27 ± 1.47**4.97 ± 0.725.03 ± 0.734.15 ± 0.864.25 ± 1.01
Plasma ALT/U·L-111.38 ± 5.8087.81 ± 26.36***48.23 ± 19.36##83.00 ± 32.1849.66 ± 17.7##62.34 ± 27.74
Plasma AST/U·L-117.28 ± 5.5530.60 ± 12.3925.69 ± 11.1523.62 ± 7.3617.18 ± 5.02##19.48 ± 6.15#
), ArticleFig(id=1218970620444983745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263324958053367, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
VariableControlModelMetforminCordycepin
100 mg·kg-1200 mg·kg-1400 mg·kg-1
Body weight/g27.10 ± 1.5059.31 ± 2.50***58.21 ± 1.6959.46 ± 3.2560.48 ± 2.1359.32 ± 3.53
Food intake/g per day3.07 ± 0.264.16 ± 0.15**3.86 ± 0.223.97 ± 0.604.02 ± 0.394.17 ± 0.41
Fasted glucose/mmol·L-19.14 ± 1.0911.41 ± 4.727.18 ± 1.10###11.02 ± 1.109.47 ± 1.498.35 ± 1.72#
Plasma TG/mmol·L-11.10 ± 0.150.87 ± 0.160.62 ± 0.12#0.72 ± 0.150.85 ± 0.120.63 ± 0.28#
Plasma NEFA/mEq·L-11.20 ± 0.101.04 ± 0.09**0.86 ± 0.14##1.01 ± 0.071.02 ± 0.090.95 ± 0.11
Plasma TC/mmol·L-12.74 ± 0.275.71 ± 0.61***4.84 ± 0.67#5.58 ± 0.805.95 ± 0.684.69 ± 0.89##
Plasma LDL-c/mmol·L-11.68 ± 0.333.89 ± 0.60***3.35 ± 0.423.60 ± 0.673.46 ± 0.452.30 ± 0.82###
Plasma HDL-c/mmol·L-13.36 ± 0.344.25 ± 0.713.95 ± 0.364.29 ± 0.564.42 ± 1.033.83 ± 0.57
Plasma ALT/U·L-112.67 ± 3.4869.14 ± 22.26***35.95 ± 10.58##70.35 ± 27.5172.35 ± 20.1343.86 ± 24.87#
Plasma AST/U·L-18.91 ± 1.4814.06 ± 4.099.25 ± 2.8412.42 ± 5.5814.11 ± 3.888.83 ± 3.26#
), ArticleFig(id=1218970620512092610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263324958053367, language=CN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effect of cordycepin on biochemical variables in plasma of ob/ob mice at 4th week. n = 10,$\overline{x}±s$. P < 0.05,**P < 0.01,***P < 0.001 vs control group; #P < 0.05,##P < 0.01,###P < 0.001 vs model group

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
VariableControlModelMetforminCordycepin
100 mg·kg-1200 mg·kg-1400 mg·kg-1
Body weight/g27.10 ± 1.5059.31 ± 2.50***58.21 ± 1.6959.46 ± 3.2560.48 ± 2.1359.32 ± 3.53
Food intake/g per day3.07 ± 0.264.16 ± 0.15**3.86 ± 0.223.97 ± 0.604.02 ± 0.394.17 ± 0.41
Fasted glucose/mmol·L-19.14 ± 1.0911.41 ± 4.727.18 ± 1.10###11.02 ± 1.109.47 ± 1.498.35 ± 1.72#
Plasma TG/mmol·L-11.10 ± 0.150.87 ± 0.160.62 ± 0.12#0.72 ± 0.150.85 ± 0.120.63 ± 0.28#
Plasma NEFA/mEq·L-11.20 ± 0.101.04 ± 0.09**0.86 ± 0.14##1.01 ± 0.071.02 ± 0.090.95 ± 0.11
Plasma TC/mmol·L-12.74 ± 0.275.71 ± 0.61***4.84 ± 0.67#5.58 ± 0.805.95 ± 0.684.69 ± 0.89##
Plasma LDL-c/mmol·L-11.68 ± 0.333.89 ± 0.60***3.35 ± 0.423.60 ± 0.673.46 ± 0.452.30 ± 0.82###
Plasma HDL-c/mmol·L-13.36 ± 0.344.25 ± 0.713.95 ± 0.364.29 ± 0.564.42 ± 1.033.83 ± 0.57
Plasma ALT/U·L-112.67 ± 3.4869.14 ± 22.26***35.95 ± 10.58##70.35 ± 27.5172.35 ± 20.1343.86 ± 24.87#
Plasma AST/U·L-18.91 ± 1.4814.06 ± 4.099.25 ± 2.8412.42 ± 5.5814.11 ± 3.888.83 ± 3.26#
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虫草素对ob/ob小鼠非酒精性脂肪肝的改善作用及机制研究
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钟丽萍 1 , 李瑾 2 , 王凤忠 2 , 朱海波 3 , 侯旭杰 1, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2017,52(1): 106-112
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2017, 52(1): 106-112
虫草素对ob/ob小鼠非酒精性脂肪肝的改善作用及机制研究
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钟丽萍1, 李瑾2, 王凤忠2, 朱海波3, 侯旭杰1, *
作者信息
  • 1.塔里木大学生命科学学院, 南疆特色农产品深加工兵团重点实验室, 新疆 阿拉尔 843300
  • 2.中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所, 北京 100193
  • 3.天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 新药作用机制研究与药效学评价北京重点实验室, 中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 北京 100050

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* Tel:86-997-4681613,E-mail:
Protective effect and underlying mechanism of cordycepin on non-alcoholic fatty liver in ob/ob mice
Li-ping ZHONG1, Jin LI2, Feng-zhong WANG2, Hai-bo ZHU3, Xu-jie HOU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Deep Processing of Agricultural Products in South Xinjiang, College of Life Science, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
  • 2. Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
  • 3. State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines;Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
出版时间: 2017-01-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2016-0886
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探讨虫草素对ob/ob小鼠非酒精性脂肪肝的改善作用及保护机制。将12周龄的雄性B6.V-Lepob/Lepob小鼠,按照血糖和体重分层后随机分为5组,并以C57BL/6J小鼠为对照组。每周监测一次体重和摄食,在给药2周和4周时,眼眶静脉取血测定血清中的各项生化指标,在给药5周时,进行胰岛素耐量实验,在给药7周后取肝脏组织对甘油三酯、胆固醇及炎症因子含量进行检测,并进行苏木精-伊红染色和油红O染色;提取肝组织的总RNA,采用实时定量PCR技术分析与脂质合成和炎症相关基因的表达。结果显示,虫草素可以有效降低ob/ob小鼠血脂水平,改善肝功能,明显降低肝脏组织脂质含量和炎症因子水平,而对胰岛素抵抗未见改善作用。实时定量PCR结果表明,虫草素可显著降低ob/ob小鼠肝脏组织中与脂质合成及炎症相关mRNA的表达。结果提示,虫草素对ob/ob小鼠非酒精性脂肪肝具有改善作用,其作用机制可能与下调脂质合成和炎症相关基因表达有关。

非酒精性脂肪肝  /  虫草素  /  ob/ob小鼠  /  脂质合成  /  炎症因子

This study is designed to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of cordycepin on nonalcoholic fatty liver in ob/ob mice. Twelve-week-old male ob/ob mice were divided into 5 groups according to their body weight and blood glucose, and C57BL/6J mice were used in the control group. The animals were orally administered with cordycepin for 7 weeks. Body weight and food intake were measured once a week. Blood were collected from ophthalmic venous and biochemical indexes were determined at the 2nd and 4th week. Insulin tolerance test was performed at the 5th week. After 7 weeks of administration, liver tissues were collected to determine the contents of triglycerides and total cholesterol, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Liver histology was performed by hematoxylin-eosin and oil-red O staining. Total RNA were extracted from liver tissues and the levels of lipid metabolism-related and inflammation-related genes were detected by real time PCR. Cordycepin effectively reduced the blood lipids level and improved liver function. Nevertheless, it did not improve insulin resistance in ob/ob mice. Cordycepin significantly reduced the contents of triglycerides and cholesterol, and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in liver tissues. Moreover, cordycepin remarkably suppressed the expression of genes related to lipids synthesis and inflammation. These results indicate that cordycepin may improve non-alcoholic fatty liver in ob/ob mice, and the underlying mechanism may be associated with decreased expression of genes related to lipids synthesis and inflammation.

non-alcoholic fatty liver disease  /  cordycepin  /  ob/ob mice  /  lipids synthesis  /  inflammatory cytokines
钟丽萍, 李瑾, 王凤忠, 朱海波, 侯旭杰. 虫草素对ob/ob小鼠非酒精性脂肪肝的改善作用及机制研究. 药学学报, 2017 , 52 (1) : 106 -112 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2016-0886
Li-ping ZHONG, Jin LI, Feng-zhong WANG, Hai-bo ZHU, Xu-jie HOU. Protective effect and underlying mechanism of cordycepin on non-alcoholic fatty liver in ob/ob mice[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2017 , 52 (1) : 106 -112 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2016-0886
非酒精性脂肪肝 (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD) 是一种与血脂代谢紊乱、腹型肥胖、2型糖尿病密切相关的代谢性疾病[1]。近年来,随着人们经济水平的提高及生活方式的改变,高热量、高脂肪食物摄入过多及运动量减少成为NAFLD发生的重要诱因。流行病学研究表明,NAFLD患病率逐渐超越病毒性肝炎和酒精性肝病的发生率,已成为全球普遍关注的医学问题和社会问题[2]。目前,NAFLD的发病机制尚未完全阐明,许多理论都停留在假说的阶段,其中“二次打击”[3]被认为是目前较为成熟的学说。该学说认为胰岛素抵抗和炎症等在NAFLD的病程发展中发挥重要作用。在NAFLD治疗方面,西药尚没有特效制剂[4]。因此,研发安全有效的治疗NAFLD药物具有十分重要的意义。虫草素 (3'-脱氧腺苷) 又名冬虫夏草素、虫草菌素、蛹虫草菌素,是第一个从真菌中分离出来的核苷类抗生素,其具有抗癌、抗菌、抗病毒、抗炎、调节免疫及降糖降脂等多种药理活性[5]。研究发现虫草素可改善高脂血症金黄地鼠和高脂饲料喂养的C57BL/6J小鼠血脂紊乱、肝脏脂质堆积并且增加胰岛素敏感性[6, 7]。然而虫草素对瘦素基因缺陷的ob/ob小鼠脂质代谢及胰岛素敏感性影响却未见相关报道。据此,本研究拟观察虫草素对ob/ob小鼠NAFLD的改善作用,并对其作用机制进行探讨,为拓展NAFLD治疗药物提供实验依据。
实验动物 雄性ob/ob小鼠 (B6.V-Lepob/Lepob,12周龄) 50只,体重 (50.0 ± 5.0) g,购于南京大学模式动物研究所,许可证编号: SCXK (苏) 2015-0001; 雄性C57BL/6J小鼠 (12周龄) 10只,体重 (27.5 ± 2.0) g,购于中国食品药品检定研究院,许可证编号: SCXK (京) 2014-0013。
药品和试剂 虫草素 (纯度 >98%,上海波以尔化工有限公司); 二甲双胍 (中美上海施贵宝制药有限公司); 葡萄糖 (glucose,Glu)、胆固醇 (cholesterol,TC)、甘油三脂 (triglyceride,TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-c)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-c) 测定试剂盒 (中生北控生物技术有限公司); 游离脂肪酸 (free fatty acid,NEFA) 检测试剂盒 (日本积水医疗株式会社); 谷草转氨酶 (alanine ami notransferase,ALT)、谷丙转氨酶 (aspartate ami notransferase,AST) 试剂盒 (南京建成生物研究所); BCA蛋白定量试剂盒 (北京普利莱基因技术有限公司); 肿瘤坏死因子 (tumor necrosis factor alpha,TNF-α)、白细胞介素6 (interleukin-6,IL-6) 、白细胞介素1β (interleukin-1beta,IL-1β) ELISA试剂盒 (武汉云克隆科技股份有限公司); 苏木素染液、伊红染液 (珠海贝索生物技术有限公司); Tri Reagent、油红O (Sigma公司); Rever Tra Ace反转录试剂盒、SYBR Green Real-time Master Mix (日本Toyobo公司); 引物由上海生工技术服务有限公司和英骏生物技术有限公司合成。
主要仪器 Epoch酶标仪 (美国伯腾仪器有限公司); CM1950冰冻切片机、 RM2235石蜡切片机 (德国莱卡公司)、ABI7900HT荧光定量PCR仪(美国应用生物系统公司)、高速低温离心机 (德国艾本德公司)、CX41RF生物显微镜 (日本奥林巴斯公司)。
模型制备与动物分组 将ob/ob小鼠适应性喂养1周,按照血糖和体重分层后随机分为5组 (n = 10) ,即模型组 (model),二甲双胍阳性对照组 (metformin) 以及虫草素低、中、高剂量组 (100、200及400 mg·kg-1),并以C57BL/6J小鼠 (n = 10) 作为正常对照组。各组均给予普通饲料进行喂养,二甲双胍和虫草素均用0.5% 羧甲基纤维素钠 (carboxy methyl cellulose sodium,CMC) 溶解,虫草素低、中、高剂量组分别灌胃 (ig) 给予虫草素溶液 (100、200及 400 mg·kg-1),阳性对照组给予二甲双胍溶液 (350 mg·kg-1),正常对照组和模型组每20 g体重给予CMC 0.1 mL,每天灌胃给药1次,连续灌胃7周。末次给药后禁食不禁水12 h,称量体重,眼眶取血,迅速解剖摘取肝脏,分别置于Tri Reagent、多聚甲醛及冰冻切片 (opti-mum cutting temperature,OCT) 包埋剂中,其余肝脏置于-80 ℃冰箱中冻存。
血清生化指标测定 每周监测1次体重和摄食,在给药2周和4周时,眼眶静脉取血测定血清中Glu、TC、TG、LDL-c、HDL-c、NEFA、ALT和AST。
胰岛素抵抗实验 (insulin tolerance test,ITT) 动物在给药5周后禁食6 h,尾静脉取血测基础血糖,随后腹腔注射0.8 U·kg-1体重胰岛素 (每20 g体重给予0.1 mL),分别于胰岛素注射后30、60、90和120 min取血,采用血糖仪测定血中葡萄糖浓度。
肝组织病理学检测 将浸泡在多聚甲醛的肝组织进行常规石蜡包埋、切片 (3 μm) 及经苏木精-伊红 (hematoxylin-eosin staining ,HE) 染色后脱水封片,在10倍光镜下观察肝脏病变情况并拍照; 将浸没在OCT中的肝组织进行冰冻切片 (5 μm),油红O染色,苏木素染核,脱水封片后在40倍光镜下观察肝脏组织脂质沉积情况并拍照。
肝脏组织脂含量检测 分别使用总胆固醇和甘油三酯检测裂解液处理的肝组织样本,按照总胆固醇和甘油三酯定量试剂盒的使用说明进行肝组织TC和TG定量,并测定样品中的蛋白含量,计算肝组织内的TC和TG含量。
肝组织的炎症因子测定 用1 mL细胞裂解液裂解约50 mg肝组织样本,离心并分离上清,按照TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β ELISA试剂盒的使用说明进行操作,并取部分上清进行蛋白定量,测定肝脏组织内的TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β的含量。
Real time-PCR (RT-PCR) 采用 TRI Reagent提取肝组织的总RNA,按照反转录试剂盒使用说明合成cDNA。并根据SYBR Green Real-time Master Mix使用说明对脂质合成和炎症相关基因进行PCR的扩增和检测。所涉及的引物如表 1所示,结果以GAPDH作为内参,以正常组作为外参,统计2-ΔΔCt值以比较mRNA的表达。
统计学处理 应用GraphPad Prism 6.1统计软件处理数据,所有数据以$\overline{x}±s$表示,两组间样本均数比较采用t检验,多组间采用单因素方差分析 (one- way ANOVA),P < 0.05具有统计学意义。
与正常组相比,模型组小鼠的体重、摄食、空腹血糖及血清中的TC、LDL-c、ALT和AST水平明显升高。与模型组相比,各给药组小鼠的体重和摄食未见明显改变,二甲双胍和400 mg·kg-1虫草素均能降低ob/ob小鼠的空腹血糖 (P < 0.05,P < 0.001) ; 在给药2周后,200和400 mg·kg-1虫草素可以显著降低小鼠血清中的TG、FFA和LDL-c (P < 0.05,P < 0.01,P < 0.001,见表 2)。而在给药4周后,仅有400 mg·kg-1虫草素可以显著降低小鼠的TG、TC和LDL-c水平 (P < 0.05,P < 0.01,P < 0.001) ,且其他剂量虫草素对小鼠血脂水平未见改善作用 (表 3)。肝功能检测结果显示: 与正常组比较,模型组小鼠血清ALT和AST水平均显著升高。与模型组相比,二甲双胍和400 mg·kg-1虫草素可显著降低ob/ob小鼠血清ALT和AST水平,提示400 mg·kg-1虫草素可改善ob/ob小鼠血脂代谢紊乱及肝功能。
ITT结果显示: 与正常组相比,模型组小鼠对胰岛素的敏感性明显减弱 (P < 0.01,P < 0.001) 。给予二甲双胍治疗后,ob/ob小鼠对胰岛素的敏感性明显升高,而给予不同剂量虫草素治疗后,ob/ob小鼠对胰岛素的敏感性未见明显改善 (图 1)。
肝脏HE染色结果显示: 正常对照组小鼠的肝小叶结构清晰完整,肝细胞排列整齐,无明显病变,肝细胞内无脂质沉积 (图 2A),而模型组小鼠的肝脏结构紊乱,肝细胞体积明显增大、呈肿胀状,肝细胞内可见大小不等、数量不一的脂滴空泡 (图 2B)。在给予二甲双胍和400 mg·kg-1虫草素治疗后,肝细胞内的脂滴空泡有所减少,且大部分肝细胞接近正常形态 (图 2C,D)。此外,肝脏油红O染色 (红色示脂滴) 结果显示,正常对照组小鼠的肝组织不着色 (图 2E),模型组小鼠的肝组织内可见大量脂滴 (图 2F); 阳性对照组和400 mg·kg-1虫草素组小鼠的肝组织内脂滴数量较模型组明显减少(图 2G,H)。此结果表明虫草素可减少ob/ob小鼠肝脏脂质累积。
与正常对照组相比,模型组ob/ob小鼠肝脏TC和TG含量明显升高。与模型组相比,二甲双胍和400 mg·kg-1虫草素可以显著降低ob/ob小鼠肝脏TC和TG水平(图 3)。通过测定肝脏组织中炎症因子水平发现,与正常对照组相比,模型组ob/ob小鼠肝脏中的TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β的表达量明显升高; 与模型组相比,400 mg·kg-1虫草素能显著降低ob/ob小鼠肝脏中TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β的表达 (P < 0.001) (图 4)。此结果表明虫草素可以降低ob/ob小鼠肝脏脂质堆积和炎症因子水平。
与正常组相比,模型组小鼠肝脏中的SREBP-1c和下游靶基因FAS、HMGCR、HMGCS mRNA以及甘油三酯合成相关基因GPAM mRNA的表达升高 (P < 0.001) 。与模型组相比,400 mg·kg-1虫草素可以明显下调SREBP-1c、FAS、HMGCR和HMGCS mRNA的表达,对GPAM mRNA的表达同样具有下调作用 (图 5A)。此外,在炎症方面,与正常组相比,模型组小鼠肝脏中的TNF-α mRNA表达明显升高 (P < 0.01) ,IL-6和IL-1β mRNA的表达未见显著升高。与模型组相比,400 mg·kg-1虫草素可以显著下调TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β mRNA的表达 (P < 0.001,P < 0.01,P < 0.05) 。以上结果提示,虫草素可以显著降低脂质合成和炎症相关基因的转录,从而降低ob/ob小鼠肝脏脂质累积和炎症因子水平。
近年来,不健康饮食和行为习惯导致各种代谢类疾病,如高脂血症、糖尿病、高血压呈逐年上升的趋势。NAFLD是一种与胰岛素抵抗和炎症密切相关的肝脏代谢综合征[8]。选择合适的NAFLD动物模型在研究NAFLD发病机制及开发预防和治疗NAFLD药物的过程中发挥重要作用。ob/ob小鼠是瘦素基因缺陷小鼠,具有肥胖、胰岛素抵抗、肝肿大和血清转氨酶升高等特点[9],常被用作研究NAFLD的动物模型。有研究者指出在高脂血症金黄地鼠和高脂饲料喂养的C57BL/6J小鼠中,虫草素可以改善血脂代谢紊乱,抑制肝脏脂质堆积,增加胰岛素敏感性[6, 7],而在ob/ob小鼠上未见虫草素对脂质代谢及胰岛素敏感性影响的相关报道。因此本研究对虫草素改善ob/ob小鼠NAFLD的作用及其机制进行初步探究,有利于进一步了解虫草素对糖脂代谢的影响。
在测定虫草素给药2周和4周ob/ob小鼠血清中的各项生化指标时,观察到给药2周200和400 mg·kg-1虫草素均能显著降低ob/ob小鼠血脂水平,但给药4周仅有400 mg·kg-1虫草素表现出降血脂作用。表明虫草素在短期内可改善ob/ob小鼠血脂代谢紊乱,而随着ob/ob小鼠病程的进一步发展,虫草素改善血脂代谢紊乱的作用也随之减弱。
据报道,虫草素可显著降低四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病小鼠血糖水平,增加肝糖原含量,改善糖尿病引起的肾及脾脏的损伤[10]。在机制研究方面,有研究者指出虫草素能抑制核转录因子NF-κB活性,从而下调2型糖尿病相关基因表达,达到抗糖尿病的目的[11]。同样,本研究在ob/ob小鼠上观察到400 mg·kg-1虫草素可以降低空腹血糖,但未能观察到虫草素对胰岛素抵抗的改善作用,推测虫草素对胰岛素抵抗的改善作用可能与瘦素表达有关,而其降低空腹血糖的作用可能与其抑制葡萄糖合成基因表达有关,此推测还需要进一步研究证实。
有研究者[9]发现,与野生型的C57BL/6J小鼠比较,ob/ob小鼠血清中TG变化不明显,但在ob/ob小鼠的肝脏组织中TG的含量明显升高。本研究观察到正常组小鼠与模型组小鼠肝脏及血清中TG变化趋势与之类似。造成这一现象的原因可能为ob/ob小鼠是以C57BL/6J为背景的瘦素基因敲除的肥胖小鼠,其摄食量明显增加,活动量减少,过度摄取的脂质容易在肝脏中进行累积,导致肝脏中的TG含量升高。且据文献[12]报道,与给予普通饲料喂养C57BL/6J小鼠相比,给予高脂饲料的C57BL/6J小鼠血清中TC的明显升高,但TG含量无明显改变。据此推测,C57BL/6J小鼠本身或以C57BL/6J为背景的ob/ob小鼠血清中的TG变化不如TC敏感。
固醇调节元件结合蛋白 (sterol regulatory element binding proteins,SREBPs) 是调节脂质合成的主要核转录因子,编码基因包括SREBP-1和SREBP-2两种,SREBP-1主要涉及脂肪酸合成而SREBP-2主要调控胆固醇合成[13]。SREBP-1存在两种异构体SREBP-1a和SREBP-1c,其中SREBP-1c是肝脏中表达的主要形式。研究发现在肥胖、胰岛素抵抗和脂肪肝等代谢疾病中均可观察到SREBP-1c的过度表达[14]。FAS 为SREBP-1c下游的靶基因,是催化乙酰辅酶A和丙二酰辅酶A合成内源性长链脂肪酸的关键酶[15]。HMGCR和HMGCS是调控细胞内胆固醇生物合成的关键限速酶,其活性大小直接影响着胆固醇合成的速度和体内胆固醇含量的高低[16]。GPAM基因是甘油三酯合成的关键基因,其主要作用是通过催化三酰基甘油和磷脂生物合成过程,从而促进动物机体甘油三酯的生成[17]。本研究分别从肝脏组织的病理染色和脂质水平检测到虫草素可以显著抑制ob/ob小鼠肝脏脂质累积。在对脂质合成、氧化和转运的相关基因筛选中发现,虫草素可以显著降低肝脏组织中SREBP-1c、FAS、HMGCR、HMGCS和GPAM mRNA的表达。由此可见,虫草素对ob/ob小鼠肝脏脂质累积的改善作用可能与其抑制脂质合成相关基因的表达有关。
炎性细胞因子在肝细胞脂肪变性到脂肪性肝炎、肝纤维化及肝硬化的进展中起着重要作用,其中TNF-α是主要调控因素之一,处于中心地位,可诱导IL-1和IL-6等细胞因子的产生,并参与从单纯脂肪肝进展为脂肪性肝炎再到肝纤维化的整个过程[18]。IL-6是一种多功能的细胞因子,在肝脏疾病的发展过程中也发挥着重要的作用,研究发现IL-6在NAFLD形成中会加剧肝脏的脂变、胰岛素抵抗和炎症程度[19]。IL-1β是一种参与慢性炎症发生和发展的细胞因子,研究发现IL-1β可通过促进胰岛β细胞的一氧化氮生成和细胞凋亡,从而导致胰岛β细胞选择性的破坏,进一步诱导胰岛素抵抗[20]。本研究发现虫草素对NAFLD ob/ob小鼠的炎症反应具有改善作用,具体表现在虫草素可以降低肝脏中TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β含量。进一步研究发现,虫草素可以抑制肝脏中TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β mRNA的表达。由此可见虫草素是通过下调肝脏炎症相关基因的表达,降低炎症因子水平,从而减轻NAFLD ob/ob小鼠的炎症反应。此外,研究也观察到,与正常组相比,模型组小鼠肝脏中的IL-6和IL-1β含量明显升高,但RT-PCR结果显示,IL-6和IL-1β mRNA的表达未见明显升高,推测这两种因子可能并不是通过转录调控而影响其蛋白表达,此推测还需要进一步研究证实。
综上所述,虫草素可显著降低ob/ob小鼠血脂水平,改善肝功能,减少肝脏脂质累积,减轻炎症反应。虫草素对ob/ob小鼠NAFLD的保护作用可能与其抑制脂质合成和炎症相关基因表达有关。然而虫草素是如何调控脂质合成和炎症相关基因的表达还需要进一步研究。
  • 国家自然科学基金(81273514,91539126)
  • 中国农业科学院科技创新工程(125161015000150013)
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2016-0886
  • 接收时间:2016-09-07
  • 首发时间:2026-01-14
  • 出版时间:2017-01-12
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  • 收稿日期:2016-09-07
  • 修回日期:2016-10-24
基金
国家自然科学基金(81273514,91539126)
中国农业科学院科技创新工程(125161015000150013)
作者信息
    1.塔里木大学生命科学学院, 南疆特色农产品深加工兵团重点实验室, 新疆 阿拉尔 843300
    2.中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所, 北京 100193
    3.天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 新药作用机制研究与药效学评价北京重点实验室, 中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 北京 100050

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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