Article(id=1218263322437276462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1218263312425468717, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2016-0755, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1470931200000, receivedDateStr=2016-08-12, revisedDate=1476201600000, revisedDateStr=2016-10-12, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768386210306, onlineDateStr=2026-01-14, pubDate=1486828800000, pubDateStr=2017-02-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768386210306, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-14, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768386210306, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768386210306, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1218263312425468717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2017', volume='52', issue='2', pageStart='181', pageEnd='338', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768386207920, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768386467475, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218264401140962014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1218263312425468717, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218264401140962015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1218263312425468717, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=253, endPage=257, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1218263323544572828, articleId=1218263322437276462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Effects of metoprolol or/and pravastatin on the pharmacokinetics of metformin in rats, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=ORIGINAL ARTICLES, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study investigates the effects of metoprolol (METO) or/and pravastatin (PRAV) on the pharmacokinetics of metformin (METF) in rats. Twenty-eight male SD rats were divided into METF group, METF+METO group, METF+PRAV group and METF+METO+PRAV group. Blood samples were collected at 10, 20, 40, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 360, 480 and 600 min after oral administration of metformin, and concentration of metformin in plasma was determined by HPLC. Compared to the METF group, Cmax of metformin was significantly decreased (P < 0.01) and MRT0-t, t1/2 and V were significantly increased in the METF+METO group; t1/2 was significantly decreased in the METF+PRAV group; Cmax was significantly decreased and MRT0-t was significantly increased in the METF+METO+PRAV group. Compared to the METF+METO group, MRT0-t of metformin was significantly decreased in the METF+METO+PRAV group. Compared to the METF+PRAV group, Cmax of metformin was significantly decreased (P < 0.01), and MRT0-t, t1/2 and V were significantly increased in the METF+METO+PRAV group. There exist multiple drug interactions of metformin, metoprolol and pravastatin in rats.

, correspAuthors=Xin-an WU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2017 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yan-rong MA, Yan-fang WU, Ying-qin DUAN, Guo-qiang ZHANG, Xin-an WU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1218263324916110319, articleId=1218263322437276462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=美托洛尔或/和普伐他汀对大鼠二甲双胍药动学的影响, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

初步探究美托洛尔(METO)或/和普伐他汀(PRAV)对大鼠二甲双胍(METF)药动学的影响。将28只雄性SD大鼠随机分成METF组、METF+METO组、METF+PRAV组和METF+METO+PRAV组(n=7),于给药后10、20、40、60、90、120、180、240、360、480和600 min股动脉采集血样,采用HPLC测定二甲双胍血药浓度。与METF组相比,METF+METO组二甲双胍Cmax显著降低(P < 0.01),MRT0-tt1/2和V显著增加(P < 0.05);METF+PRAV组t1/2显著降低(P < 0.01);METF+METO+PRAV组MRT0-t增加(P < 0.05),Cmax显著降低(P < 0.01)。与METF+METO组相比,METF+METO+PRAV组二甲双胍MRT0-t显著降低(P < 0.05)。与METF+PRAV组相比,METF+METO+PRAV组二甲双胍Cmax显著降低(P < 0.01),MRT0-tt1/2显著增加。结果表明,二甲双胍、美托洛尔和普伐他汀在大鼠体内存在多药相互作用。

, correspAuthors=武新安, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 武新安, Tel:86-931-8625200, E-mail:
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Mean plasma concentration-time curves (a-f) of metformin (METF, 100 mg·kg-1) after co-administration of metoprolol (METO, 40 mg·kg-1), pravastatin (PRAV, 20 mg·kg-1), METO (40 mg·kg-1) and PRAV (20 mg·kg-1). n=7, $\overline{x}±s$. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs METF group; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 vs METF + PRAV group

, figureFileSmall=4VveCg2vJNxDqU56Y6JlCQ==, figureFileBig=MIT6MtDwJIDFb/KWmHetkw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218968387888271371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1218263322437276462, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Parameter METF METF+METO METF+PRAV METF+METO+PRAV
AUC0-t /μg·mL-1·min 4 986±1 336 4 590±644 4 717±833 4 225±841
AUC0-∞ /μg·mL-1·min 5 638±1 785 5 774±835 5 074±950 4 842±1 218
t1/2 /min 182±30 236±63* 145±9** 174±43#
MRT0-t /min 211±14 254±21** 204±12 225±15*※※##
CL /L·min·kg-1 0.019±0.005 0.018±0.002 0.020±0.004 0.022±0.006
V /L·kg-1 4.85±1.10 5.94±1.61* 4.26±0.83 5.27±0.99#
Cmax /μg·mL-1 19.0±3.5 11.9±2.1** 18.0±2.6 12.9±2.1**##
tmax /min 75±25 170±45** 85±22 110±41※##
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The pharmacokinetic parameters of METF. n=7, $\overline{x}±s$. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs METF group; P < 0.05, ※※P < 0.01 vs METF+METO group; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 vs METF+PRAV group

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Parameter METF METF+METO METF+PRAV METF+METO+PRAV
AUC0-t /μg·mL-1·min 4 986±1 336 4 590±644 4 717±833 4 225±841
AUC0-∞ /μg·mL-1·min 5 638±1 785 5 774±835 5 074±950 4 842±1 218
t1/2 /min 182±30 236±63* 145±9** 174±43#
MRT0-t /min 211±14 254±21** 204±12 225±15*※※##
CL /L·min·kg-1 0.019±0.005 0.018±0.002 0.020±0.004 0.022±0.006
V /L·kg-1 4.85±1.10 5.94±1.61* 4.26±0.83 5.27±0.99#
Cmax /μg·mL-1 19.0±3.5 11.9±2.1** 18.0±2.6 12.9±2.1**##
tmax /min 75±25 170±45** 85±22 110±41※##
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美托洛尔或/和普伐他汀对大鼠二甲双胍药动学的影响
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马彦荣 1 , 武艳芳 1, 2 , 段颖琴 1, 2 , 张国强 1 , 武新安 1, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2017,52(2): 253-257
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2017, 52(2): 253-257
美托洛尔或/和普伐他汀对大鼠二甲双胍药动学的影响
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马彦荣1, 武艳芳1, 2, 段颖琴1, 2, 张国强1, 武新安1, *
作者信息
  • 1.兰州大学 第一医院, 甘肃 兰州 730000
  • 2.兰州大学 药学院, 甘肃 兰州 730000

通讯作者:

* 武新安, Tel:86-931-8625200, E-mail:
Effects of metoprolol or/and pravastatin on the pharmacokinetics of metformin in rats
Yan-rong MA1, Yan-fang WU1, 2, Ying-qin DUAN1, 2, Guo-qiang ZHANG1, Xin-an WU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. The First Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
  • 2. School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
出版时间: 2017-02-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2016-0755
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初步探究美托洛尔(METO)或/和普伐他汀(PRAV)对大鼠二甲双胍(METF)药动学的影响。将28只雄性SD大鼠随机分成METF组、METF+METO组、METF+PRAV组和METF+METO+PRAV组(n=7),于给药后10、20、40、60、90、120、180、240、360、480和600 min股动脉采集血样,采用HPLC测定二甲双胍血药浓度。与METF组相比,METF+METO组二甲双胍Cmax显著降低(P < 0.01),MRT0-tt1/2和V显著增加(P < 0.05);METF+PRAV组t1/2显著降低(P < 0.01);METF+METO+PRAV组MRT0-t增加(P < 0.05),Cmax显著降低(P < 0.01)。与METF+METO组相比,METF+METO+PRAV组二甲双胍MRT0-t显著降低(P < 0.05)。与METF+PRAV组相比,METF+METO+PRAV组二甲双胍Cmax显著降低(P < 0.01),MRT0-tt1/2显著增加。结果表明,二甲双胍、美托洛尔和普伐他汀在大鼠体内存在多药相互作用。

二甲双胍  /  美托洛尔  /  普伐他汀  /  多药相互作用  /  药动学

This study investigates the effects of metoprolol (METO) or/and pravastatin (PRAV) on the pharmacokinetics of metformin (METF) in rats. Twenty-eight male SD rats were divided into METF group, METF+METO group, METF+PRAV group and METF+METO+PRAV group. Blood samples were collected at 10, 20, 40, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 360, 480 and 600 min after oral administration of metformin, and concentration of metformin in plasma was determined by HPLC. Compared to the METF group, Cmax of metformin was significantly decreased (P < 0.01) and MRT0-t, t1/2 and V were significantly increased in the METF+METO group; t1/2 was significantly decreased in the METF+PRAV group; Cmax was significantly decreased and MRT0-t was significantly increased in the METF+METO+PRAV group. Compared to the METF+METO group, MRT0-t of metformin was significantly decreased in the METF+METO+PRAV group. Compared to the METF+PRAV group, Cmax of metformin was significantly decreased (P < 0.01), and MRT0-t, t1/2 and V were significantly increased in the METF+METO+PRAV group. There exist multiple drug interactions of metformin, metoprolol and pravastatin in rats.

metformin  /  metoprolol  /  pravastatin  /  multiple drug interaction  /  pharmacokinetics
马彦荣, 武艳芳, 段颖琴, 张国强, 武新安. 美托洛尔或/和普伐他汀对大鼠二甲双胍药动学的影响. 药学学报, 2017 , 52 (2) : 253 -257 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2016-0755
Yan-rong MA, Yan-fang WU, Ying-qin DUAN, Guo-qiang ZHANG, Xin-an WU. Effects of metoprolol or/and pravastatin on the pharmacokinetics of metformin in rats[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2017 , 52 (2) : 253 -257 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2016-0755
药物-药物相互作用(drug-drug interactions, DDIs)是指两种或两种以上的药物同时应用时所发生的药效学/药动学变化, 可影响药物疗效, 增加药物不良反应风险, 甚至威胁生命[1]。DDIs是一类非常普遍的临床问题, 尤其是在老年患者, 他们趋向于多种药物的联合治疗[2, 3]。研究发现, 当患者同时服用5种药物时超过50%患者发生药物相互作用, 而服用药物增加到7种时, 产生药物相互作用的概率将增加100%[4]。目前, 对DDIs的研究几乎全部为两种药物间的相互作用。事实上, 在临床实践中, 多种药物的联合使用极为普遍。
2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus, T2DM)是一种由于胰岛素抵抗或胰岛素相对缺乏所致的以高血糖为主要特征的代谢性疾病[5, 6]。糖尿病患者高血压的发病率是普通人群的1.5~3倍, 同时往往也伴随着血脂的改变, 如甘油三酯的增加、高密度脂蛋白的减少等[7, 8]。积极的血压和血脂水平控制可显著降低心血管事件、致残、死亡等风险[9-11]。因此, T2DM合并高血压高血脂患者在使用抗糖尿病药物治疗的同时往往服用抗高血压和抗高血脂药物。
二甲双胍(metformin, METF)是临床常见的一线抗糖尿病药, 其通过降低肠道葡萄糖吸收、抑制肝脏糖异生、改善外周葡萄糖利用等改善机体血糖水平[12]。二甲双胍口服给药后, 经小肠吸收入血后经基底侧膜有机阳离子转运体1 (organic cation transporter, OCT1)摄取进入肝细胞, 随后经血窦侧返流入血, 仅有很小一部分经多药和毒素外排蛋白1 (multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1, MATE1)排泄进入胆汁[13, 14]。口服吸收后二甲双胍几乎100%以原形经肾脏排泄, 其中约20%经肾小球滤过, 超过80%经肾小管分泌。在肾小管分泌过程中, 有机阳离子转运体2 (OCT2)介导其摄取进入肾小管上皮细胞, 经MATE1介导外排进入尿液[15]。美托洛尔(metoprolol, METO)是选择性β1受体阻滞剂, 临床主要运用于高血压和其他心血管疾病的治疗[16]。普伐他汀(pravastatin, PRAV)是3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶(HMG-COA还原酶)竞争性抑制剂, 其通过可逆性抑制胆固醇生物合成过程中的限速酶HMG-COA还原酶抑制胆固醇的合成, 临床主要运用于高胆固醇血症或合并高甘油三酯血症的治疗[17]。因此, 本文初步探究了大鼠体内二甲双胍、美托洛尔和普伐他汀的相互作用。
仪器  色谱系统: LC-20A二元梯度泵, SIL-20A自动进样系统, SPD-M20A二极管阵列检测器, DGU-20A在线脱气系统, CTO-20A柱温箱, LC solution色谱工作站(Shimadzu, Japan)。德国SIGMA 3K15低温离心机, LT-224S电子天平(赛多利斯科学仪器有限公司)。
试剂  二甲双胍(纯度97%, St Louis, MO, USA)、美托洛尔(纯度98%, St Louis, MO, USA)、普伐他汀(广东蓝宝制药有限公司, 批号: PV201211140), 炔诺酮(中国食品药品检定研究院, 北京), HPLC-级甲醇(Fisher Scientific, NJ, USA), 其他试剂为国产分析纯。
实验动物  雄性SD大鼠28只, 体重200±20 g, 购于兰州大学动物实验中心, 合格证号: SCXK (甘) 2009-0004。饲养温度25 ℃, 湿度为50%±5%, 自由摄食进水。
色谱条件  色谱柱为Agilent HC-C18 column (250 mm × 4.0 mm, 5 μm), 流动相为57%甲醇-43%水(2 mmol·L-1 SDS, 0.1%三乙胺, 0.08%磷酸), 柱温为40 ℃, 流速: 1.0 mL∙min-1, 检测波长为235 nm, 内标为炔诺酮。
对照品溶液的制备  用甲醇配制160 μg∙mL-1炔诺酮的内标储备液。再用甲醇内标储备液稀释为16 μg∙mL-1内标工作液待用。用内标工作液溶解并配制160 μg∙mL-1二甲双胍对照品工作液, 4 ℃储藏备用。
动物分组与给药  雄性SD大鼠随机分成4组, METF组、METF+METO组、METF+PRAV组和METF+ METO+PRAV组, 每组7只。METF组灌胃给予二甲双胍(100 mg·kg-1), METF+METO组灌胃给予二甲双胍(100 mg·kg-1)和美托洛尔(40 mg·kg-1), METF+ PRAV组灌胃给予二甲双胍(100 mg·kg-1)和普伐他汀(20 mg·kg-1), METF+METO+PRAV组灌胃给予二甲双胍(100 mg·kg-1)、美托洛尔(40 mg·kg-1)和普伐他汀(20 mg·kg-1), 每组给药体积均相等。
样品采集与预处理  于给予二甲双胍10、20、40、60、90、120、180、240、360、480和600 min后股动脉采集血样, 约0.2 mL, 同时补充等体积生理盐水, 血样立刻转入涂过肝素钠的1.5 mL离心管中, 10 000 r∙min-1离心10 min, 取血浆40 μL, 加入内标溶液160 μL, 涡旋振荡40 s, 10 000 r∙min-1离心8 min除去蛋白, 取10 μL进样分析。
统计学处理  二甲双胍血药浓度数据运用DAS 2.0 (Drug And Statistics of Windows 2.0)统计软件处理, 采用非房室模型。运用SPSS13.0软件进行数据统计分析, 用$\overline{x}±s$表示。采用方差分析, 以P < 0.05或P < 0.01为有统计学意义。
血浆中二甲双胍和炔诺酮(内标)的保留时间分别为10.9和17.4 min, 且内源性物质对其测定无干扰。二甲双胍的方法学考察参照本课题组前期研究[18], 其结果发现二甲双胍在0.31~80.00 μg∙mL-1内线性关系良好, r=0.999 5, 其最低定量限和最低检测限分别为0.18和0.08 μg∙mL-1。二甲双胍质控样品浓度为1.25、10和40 μg∙mL-1, 其精密度(日内和日间RSD)、回收率(%)和稳定性(室温放置24 h、冻-融循环3次和-20 ℃冻存7天的条件RSD)分别为 < 10%、93%~101%和 < 10%。表明该方法符合二甲双胍测定要求。
将各组所测的二甲双胍浓度绘制平均血药浓度-时间曲线图(图 1), 相关药动学参数见表 1。与METF组相比, METF+METO组在给药40、60、90和120 min后二甲双胍血药浓度显著降低(图 1b), Cmax显著降低(P < 0.01), tmaxt1/2显著延长, V显著增加; METF+PRAV组二甲双胍血药浓度未发生明显改变(图 1c), 仅t1/2显著降低(P < 0.01); METF+METO+PRAV组在给药后40、60、90和120 min后二甲双胍血药浓度显著降低(图 1d), Cmax显著降低, MRT0-t显著增加(P < 0.05), t1/2未发生明显改变(P > 0.05)。与METF+ METO组相比, METF+METO+PRAV组二甲双胍血药浓度未发生明显改变(图 1e), MRT0-ttmax显著缩短。与METF+PRAV组相比, METF+METO+PRAV组给药后40、60、90和120 min后二甲双胍血药浓度显著降低(图 1f), V、MRT0-tt1/2tmax显著增加, Cmax显著降低。
DDIs是医疗差错最常见的原因, 尤其是在老年患者, 其发生率高达20%~40%[19, 20]。由于老年患者往往同时服用多种药物, 显著增加了治疗管理的复杂性和DDIs风险[21]。然而, 在临床治疗过程中, 由于疾病的发展、服药依从性等因素, 人们往往忽视了所产生的DDIs。此外, 由于多药相互作用间的复杂性、难以预测性等原因, 目前对于DDIs的研究仅停留在两种药物间, 这并不符合临床实践的事实[22]。因此, 研究多药相互作用具有重要的现实意义。代谢综合征或糖尿病合并高血压高血脂患者在服用抗糖尿病药物的同时往往给予抗高血压和高血脂的治疗。基于此, 本文初步考察了二甲双胍、美托洛尔和普伐他汀的多药相互作用。
实验结果显示, 联合给予美托洛尔后, 二甲双胍血药浓度显著降低, tmaxt1/2显著延长, V显著增加, 表明美托洛尔可能增加二甲双胍体内分布, 进而降低其血药浓度。联合给予普伐他汀后, 二甲双胍血药浓度未发生明显的改变, 但t1/2显著降低。联合给予美托洛尔和普伐他汀后, 二甲双胍血药浓度显著降低, t1/2未发生明显改变, 表明普伐他汀能够消除美托洛尔对二甲双胍t1/2的影响。与二甲双胍合用美托洛尔相比, 三药联合使用对二甲双胍血药浓度未产生明显的改变, 但能够降低MRT0-ttmax。与二甲双胍合用普伐他汀相比, 三药联合使用后二甲双胍血药浓度显著降低, t1/2V显著增加。表明美托洛尔能够降低二甲双胍血药浓度, 但当联合给予普伐他汀后, 普伐他汀同时也降低了t1/2, 使得二甲双胍在体内的消除增加, AUC降低更为明显。本实验仅研究了二甲双胍联合美托洛尔和普伐他汀后对二甲双胍药动学的影响, 但三药联合使用对美托洛尔和普伐他汀的药动学影响有待进一步研究。
综上所述, 二甲双胍、美托洛尔和普伐他汀联合给药后, 在大鼠体内存在一定的药物相互作用。尽管多种药物联合使用在临床实践中非常普遍, 但其相互作用机制十分复杂。相信随着计算分子生物学的发展, 多种药物相互作用的研究会更加接近临床, 也更加变得普遍。
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2016-0755
  • 接收时间:2016-08-12
  • 首发时间:2026-01-14
  • 出版时间:2017-02-12
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  • 收稿日期:2016-08-12
  • 修回日期:2016-10-12
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    1.兰州大学 第一医院, 甘肃 兰州 730000
    2.兰州大学 药学院, 甘肃 兰州 730000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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