Article(id=1210518242884448321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210518228766421884, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0706, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1654704000000, receivedDateStr=2022-06-09, revisedDate=1656864000000, revisedDateStr=2022-07-04, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766539639445, onlineDateStr=2025-12-24, pubDate=1670774400000, pubDateStr=2022-12-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766539639445, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766539639445, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766539639445, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1210518228766421884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2022', volume='57', issue='12', pageStart='0', pageEnd='3698', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766539636078, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766539730802, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210518626109624560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210518228766421884, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210518626109624561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210518228766421884, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3546, endPage=3556, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1210518244004327537, articleId=1210518242884448321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Regulatory effect of Flos Abelmoschus manihot in mice with inflammatory bowel disease based on gut microbiota sequencing and untargeted lipidomics, columnId=1210518233132692356, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Special Reports: Therapeutic Modulation of Gut Immune and Microbiota Homeostasis by Chinese Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this study, the ameliorative effects of Flos Abelmoschus manihot on mice with chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) were investigated and its effects on the structure of the intestinal flora as well as the lipid profile in feces of IBD mice were analyzed. All animal welfare and experimental procedures followed the regulations of the Animal Ethics Committee of Nanjing University of Chinese medicine. A mouse model with chronic IBD induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) was used to evaluate changes in body weight, disease activity index (DAI), colonic histopathological damage as well as gene expression levels of inflammatory factors in the colon. Fecal samples from mice in each group were collected and subjected to Illumina high-throughput sequencing to detect the abundance of intestinal flora; samples were analyzed by UHPLC-Q-Exactive® HF Quadrupole-Orbitrap® of untargeted lipidomics, which detects lipid content in feces. Administration of Flos Abelmoschus manihot could significantly restore the body weight and ameliorate colonic histopathological damage in IBD mice. Sequencing of the gut microbiota revealed that the species diversity and richness of the gut microbiota in IBD mice were decreased, with a significant increase in the abundance of Verrucomicrobia and a significant decrease in the abundance of Bacteroidetes; Flos Abelmoschus manihot significantly increased the richness and diversity of intestinal microbiota in IBD mice, increased the number of taxa species at each level, and restored the abundance of bacteria in the phylum Bacteroidetes. Analysis of fecal lipid profiles identified the most significant changes in sphingolipid and glycerophospholipid metabolic pathways in IBD mice, with Flos Abelmoschus manihot inhibiting ceramide and sphingomyelin synthesis in sphingolipid metabolism. In summary, Flos Abelmoschus manihot can effectively improve the disease condition of mice with chronic IBD, and it has the effect of regulating intestinal flora homeostasis and lipid metabolism, but the related mechanism between the two still needs to be deeply explored.

, correspAuthors=Jian-ming GUO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2022 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Shu-hui YANG, Cheng-xi LI, Jian-ping LI, Yu-meng WANG, Yun LIU, Jin-ao DUAN, Jian-ming GUO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1210518249029103901, articleId=1210518242884448321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=基于肠道菌群测序及非靶向脂质组学分析黄蜀葵花对炎症性肠病小鼠菌群稳态及脂质代谢的影响, columnId=1210518233338213258, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=专题报道:肠道黏膜免疫及菌群稳态与中医药调控, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究旨在探讨黄蜀葵花对慢性炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease, IBD) 模型小鼠的改善作用, 并分析其对IBD模型小鼠肠道菌群结构及粪便中脂质轮廓的影响。所有动物福利和实验过程均遵循南京中医药大学动物伦理委员会的规定。采用葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS) 诱导慢性IBD小鼠模型, 评价小鼠体重变化、疾病活动指数、结肠组织病理损伤以及结肠中炎症因子的基因表达水平。采集各组小鼠的粪便样品, 进行Illumina高通量测序, 检测肠道菌群丰度; 采用基于超高效液相色谱-高分辨串联质谱的非靶向脂质组学, 检测粪便中脂质含量。结果显示, IBD模型小鼠体重显著降低, 结肠出现明显炎症反应, 主要表现为结肠组织病理损伤及炎症因子的基因表达上调。黄蜀葵花给药后可显著恢复IBD模型小鼠的体重, 改善结肠组织病理损伤, 降低结肠中炎症因子的基因水平。肠道菌群测序结果显示, IBD模型小鼠肠道菌群的物种多样性和丰富度降低, 疣微菌门细菌丰度显著增加, 拟杆菌门细菌丰度显著降低; 黄蜀葵花可恢复IBD模型小鼠肠道菌群的丰富度及多样性, 增加各级类群物种数量, 恢复拟杆菌门细菌丰度。粪便非靶向脂质组学分析结果发现, IBD模型小鼠的鞘脂及甘油磷脂代谢通路变化最为显著。黄蜀葵花可抑制鞘脂代谢通路中神经酰胺及鞘磷脂的合成, 显著抑制甘油磷脂代谢通路中醚键连接的磷脂酰胆碱及醚键连接的磷脂酰乙醇胺的合成, 增加磷脂酰乙醇胺的含量。综上所述, 黄蜀葵花可有效改善慢性IBD模型小鼠的疾病状况, 具有调控肠道菌群稳态及脂质代谢的作用, 两者之间的相关机制有待深入探讨。

, correspAuthors=郭建明, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*郭建明, Tel: 86-25-85811917, E-mail:
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Nat Microbiol, 2018, 3: 210-219., articleTitle=Dietary pectic glycans are degraded by coordinated enzyme pathways in human colonic Bacteroides, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1210518260752184168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210518242884448321, doi=10.1128/CMR.00008-07, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=20, issue=null, pageStart=593, pageEnd=621, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=Clin Microbiol Rev, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wexler HM. Bacteroides: the good, the bad, and the nitty-gritty[J]. Clin Microbiol Rev, 2007, 20: 593-621., articleTitle=Bacteroides: the good, the bad, and the nitty-gritty, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1210518260852847464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210518242884448321, doi=10.1016/j.tim.2021.11.009, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=30, issue=null, pageStart=104, pageEnd=108, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=Trends Microbiol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bornet E, Westermann AJ. The ambivalent role of Bacteroides in enteric infections[J]. Trends Microbiol, 2022, 30: 104-108., articleTitle=The ambivalent role of Bacteroides in enteric infections, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1210518260932539246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210518242884448321, doi=10.1016/j.canlet.2021.10.002, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=523, issue=null, pageStart=170, pageEnd=181, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=26, authorNames=null, journalName=Cancer Lett, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shao X, Sun S, Zhou Y, et al. Bacteroides fragilis restricts colitis-associated cancer via negative regulation of the NLRP3 axis[J]. Cancer Lett, 2021, 523: 170-181., articleTitle=Bacteroides fragilis restricts colitis-associated cancer via negative regulation of the NLRP3 axis, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1210518257115722475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210518242884448321, awardId=82074136, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(82074136), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1210518250237063478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210518242884448321, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210518250241257783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210518242884448321, companyId=1210518250237063478, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210518250249646393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210518242884448321, companyId=1210518250237063478, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=南京中医药大学, 江苏省中药资源产业化过程协同创新中心, 江苏 南京 210023)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1210518255463166608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210518242884448321, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=zTBr3bxJBabPjlUpDzcTcg==, figureFileBig=BEoezDyit5/G5g1gLpdS0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210518255563829912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210518242884448321, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= Effects of <i>Flos Abelmoschus manihot</i> (HK) on various indexes in chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mice. A: Experimental diagram; B: Body weight changes of mice in each group; C: Changes in disease activity index (DAI) of mice in each group; D: Hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) pathological sections and histological scores of mouse colon in each group. Scale bar: 100 μm; E: Mouse colon length in each group; F: Gene expression levels in mouse colon tissues from each group. <i>n</i> = 5-8, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \overline{x} $</span> ± standard error of the mean (SEM). <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001, <sup>****</sup><i>P</i> < 0.000 1 <i>vs</i> control group; <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> model group , figureFileSmall=zTBr3bxJBabPjlUpDzcTcg==, figureFileBig=BEoezDyit5/G5g1gLpdS0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210518255798710947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210518242884448321, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=H1D6uLUYerVajgwAzAynMw==, figureFileBig=OCSpeFckfpRcy4Y62bpgcA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210518255886791334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210518242884448321, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Effects of HK on the species diversity of gut microbiota in mice with chronic IBD. A: Microbiota alpha diversity index; B: Microbiota rank abundance curve; C: Number of microbial taxa at each level; D: Species composition at the phylum level. C1-C8, M1-M5, and H1-H5 refer to the control group, the model group, and the HK group, respectively. <i>n</i> = 5-8, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \overline{x} $</span> ± SEM. <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>####</sup><i>P</i> < 0.000 1 <i>vs</i> model group. OTU: Operational taxonomic unit , figureFileSmall=H1D6uLUYerVajgwAzAynMw==, figureFileBig=OCSpeFckfpRcy4Y62bpgcA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210518255953900203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210518242884448321, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=tqOaN5+Q0vulHRGh4gi7Ag==, figureFileBig=UUkjYPFa86inpjuGwyUNjA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210518256016814768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210518242884448321, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= Effects of HK on the levels of gut microbiota and the population of Bacteroidetes in mice with chronic IBD. A: Relative abundance of gut microbes at the phylum level; B: Relative abundance of gut microbes at each level under the phylum Bacteroidetes. <i>n</i> = 5-8, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \overline{x} $</span> ± SEM. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05 <i>vs</i> control group; <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05 <i>vs</i> model group , figureFileSmall=tqOaN5+Q0vulHRGh4gi7Ag==, figureFileBig=UUkjYPFa86inpjuGwyUNjA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210518256104895157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210518242884448321, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=z4v+3kYvBw9RSYIGPb2dvg==, figureFileBig=14s9ihpg47eb0T8pI9wGfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210518256201364156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210518242884448321, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= Effects of HK on global lipid alterations in the feces of chronic IBD model mice. A: Principal component analysis (PCA) plot, fold change analysis, volcano plot in positive ion mode; B: PCA plot, fold change analysis, volcano plot in negative ion mode; C: Differential metabolites in positive ion mode; D: Differential metabolites in negative ion mode; E: Diagram of lipid metabolic pathways , figureFileSmall=z4v+3kYvBw9RSYIGPb2dvg==, figureFileBig=14s9ihpg47eb0T8pI9wGfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210518256348164799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210518242884448321, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=060hJz4qFEs6E9AUzl2Rjw==, figureFileBig=KoTQN6nqaqxRkW+u3WsUHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210518256436245188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210518242884448321, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= Effects of HK on the contents of phospholipids in the feces of chronic IBD model mice. A: Glycosphingolipid content changes; B: Ceramide content changes; C: Sphingomyelin content changes. <i>n</i> = 5-8, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \overline{x} $</span> ± SEM. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control group; <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> model group , figureFileSmall=060hJz4qFEs6E9AUzl2Rjw==, figureFileBig=KoTQN6nqaqxRkW+u3WsUHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210518256532714184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210518242884448321, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=O59vzQH1751FHKxbg8T1HA==, figureFileBig=7hnoBYK9ToVndhsL79DZLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210518256608211661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210518242884448321, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption= Effects of HK on the contents of glycerophospholipid in the feces of chronic IBD model mice. A: Phosphatidylcholine content changes; B: Ether linked phosphatidylcholine content changes; C: Lysophosphatidylcholine content changes; D: Ether linked lysophosphatidylcholine content changes; E: Phosphatidylethanolamine content changes; F: Ether linked phosphatidylethanolamine content changes. <i>n</i> = 5-8, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \overline{x} $</span> ± SEM. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> control group; <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> model group , figureFileSmall=O59vzQH1751FHKxbg8T1HA==, figureFileBig=7hnoBYK9ToVndhsL79DZLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210518256666931922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210518242884448321, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Weight lossStool consistencyOccult blood in stoolScore
0NormalNormal0
1%-5% (with 5%)Soft stoolsPositive1
5%-10% (with 10%)Mildly looseMild hematochezia2
10%-15% (with 15%)Watery stoolsMassive hematochezia3
> 15%DiarrheaHeavy bleeding4
), ArticleFig(id=1210518256734040792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210518242884448321, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) activity index scoring criteria

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Weight lossStool consistencyOccult blood in stoolScore
0NormalNormal0
1%-5% (with 5%)Soft stoolsPositive1
5%-10% (with 10%)Mildly looseMild hematochezia2
10%-15% (with 15%)Watery stoolsMassive hematochezia3
> 15%DiarrheaHeavy bleeding4
), ArticleFig(id=1210518256889230047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210518242884448321, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GenePrimer (5′-3′)
TNF-αForward: AGGCGGTGCTTGCTTCCTCAG
Reverse: GGCTACAGGCTTGTCACTCG
Muc2Forward: GCTGACGAGTGGTTGGTGAATG
Reverse: GATGAGGTGGCAGACAGGAGAC
GAPDHForward: ACATCAAGAAGGTGGTGAAGC
Reverse: TTGTCATACCAGGAAATGAGCTT
), ArticleFig(id=1210518256985699043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210518242884448321, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer sequence of each gene. TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor alpha; Muc2: Mucin-2; GAPDH: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GenePrimer (5′-3′)
TNF-αForward: AGGCGGTGCTTGCTTCCTCAG
Reverse: GGCTACAGGCTTGTCACTCG
Muc2Forward: GCTGACGAGTGGTTGGTGAATG
Reverse: GATGAGGTGGCAGACAGGAGAC
GAPDHForward: ACATCAAGAAGGTGGTGAAGC
Reverse: TTGTCATACCAGGAAATGAGCTT
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基于肠道菌群测序及非靶向脂质组学分析黄蜀葵花对炎症性肠病小鼠菌群稳态及脂质代谢的影响
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杨淑惠 , 李成曦 , 李建萍 , 王雨萌 , 刘云 , 段金廒 , 郭建明 *
药学学报 | 专题报道:肠道黏膜免疫及菌群稳态与中医药调控 2022,57(12): 3546-3556
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药学学报 | 专题报道:肠道黏膜免疫及菌群稳态与中医药调控 2022, 57(12): 3546-3556
基于肠道菌群测序及非靶向脂质组学分析黄蜀葵花对炎症性肠病小鼠菌群稳态及脂质代谢的影响
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杨淑惠, 李成曦, 李建萍, 王雨萌, 刘云, 段金廒, 郭建明*
作者信息
  • 南京中医药大学, 江苏省中药资源产业化过程协同创新中心, 江苏 南京 210023

通讯作者:

*郭建明, Tel: 86-25-85811917, E-mail:
Regulatory effect of Flos Abelmoschus manihot in mice with inflammatory bowel disease based on gut microbiota sequencing and untargeted lipidomics
Shu-hui YANG, Cheng-xi LI, Jian-ping LI, Yu-meng WANG, Yun LIU, Jin-ao DUAN, Jian-ming GUO*
Affiliations
  • Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
出版时间: 2022-12-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0706
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本研究旨在探讨黄蜀葵花对慢性炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease, IBD) 模型小鼠的改善作用, 并分析其对IBD模型小鼠肠道菌群结构及粪便中脂质轮廓的影响。所有动物福利和实验过程均遵循南京中医药大学动物伦理委员会的规定。采用葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS) 诱导慢性IBD小鼠模型, 评价小鼠体重变化、疾病活动指数、结肠组织病理损伤以及结肠中炎症因子的基因表达水平。采集各组小鼠的粪便样品, 进行Illumina高通量测序, 检测肠道菌群丰度; 采用基于超高效液相色谱-高分辨串联质谱的非靶向脂质组学, 检测粪便中脂质含量。结果显示, IBD模型小鼠体重显著降低, 结肠出现明显炎症反应, 主要表现为结肠组织病理损伤及炎症因子的基因表达上调。黄蜀葵花给药后可显著恢复IBD模型小鼠的体重, 改善结肠组织病理损伤, 降低结肠中炎症因子的基因水平。肠道菌群测序结果显示, IBD模型小鼠肠道菌群的物种多样性和丰富度降低, 疣微菌门细菌丰度显著增加, 拟杆菌门细菌丰度显著降低; 黄蜀葵花可恢复IBD模型小鼠肠道菌群的丰富度及多样性, 增加各级类群物种数量, 恢复拟杆菌门细菌丰度。粪便非靶向脂质组学分析结果发现, IBD模型小鼠的鞘脂及甘油磷脂代谢通路变化最为显著。黄蜀葵花可抑制鞘脂代谢通路中神经酰胺及鞘磷脂的合成, 显著抑制甘油磷脂代谢通路中醚键连接的磷脂酰胆碱及醚键连接的磷脂酰乙醇胺的合成, 增加磷脂酰乙醇胺的含量。综上所述, 黄蜀葵花可有效改善慢性IBD模型小鼠的疾病状况, 具有调控肠道菌群稳态及脂质代谢的作用, 两者之间的相关机制有待深入探讨。

炎症性肠病  /  黄蜀葵花  /  肠道菌群  /  非靶向脂质组学  /  鞘脂代谢  /  甘油磷脂代谢

In this study, the ameliorative effects of Flos Abelmoschus manihot on mice with chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) were investigated and its effects on the structure of the intestinal flora as well as the lipid profile in feces of IBD mice were analyzed. All animal welfare and experimental procedures followed the regulations of the Animal Ethics Committee of Nanjing University of Chinese medicine. A mouse model with chronic IBD induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) was used to evaluate changes in body weight, disease activity index (DAI), colonic histopathological damage as well as gene expression levels of inflammatory factors in the colon. Fecal samples from mice in each group were collected and subjected to Illumina high-throughput sequencing to detect the abundance of intestinal flora; samples were analyzed by UHPLC-Q-Exactive® HF Quadrupole-Orbitrap® of untargeted lipidomics, which detects lipid content in feces. Administration of Flos Abelmoschus manihot could significantly restore the body weight and ameliorate colonic histopathological damage in IBD mice. Sequencing of the gut microbiota revealed that the species diversity and richness of the gut microbiota in IBD mice were decreased, with a significant increase in the abundance of Verrucomicrobia and a significant decrease in the abundance of Bacteroidetes; Flos Abelmoschus manihot significantly increased the richness and diversity of intestinal microbiota in IBD mice, increased the number of taxa species at each level, and restored the abundance of bacteria in the phylum Bacteroidetes. Analysis of fecal lipid profiles identified the most significant changes in sphingolipid and glycerophospholipid metabolic pathways in IBD mice, with Flos Abelmoschus manihot inhibiting ceramide and sphingomyelin synthesis in sphingolipid metabolism. In summary, Flos Abelmoschus manihot can effectively improve the disease condition of mice with chronic IBD, and it has the effect of regulating intestinal flora homeostasis and lipid metabolism, but the related mechanism between the two still needs to be deeply explored.

inflammatory bowel disease  /  Flos Abelmoschus manihot  /  gut microbiota  /  untargeted lipidomics  /  sphingolipid metabolism  /  glycerophospholipid metabolism
杨淑惠, 李成曦, 李建萍, 王雨萌, 刘云, 段金廒, 郭建明. 基于肠道菌群测序及非靶向脂质组学分析黄蜀葵花对炎症性肠病小鼠菌群稳态及脂质代谢的影响. 药学学报, 2022 , 57 (12) : 3546 -3556 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0706
Shu-hui YANG, Cheng-xi LI, Jian-ping LI, Yu-meng WANG, Yun LIU, Jin-ao DUAN, Jian-ming GUO. Regulatory effect of Flos Abelmoschus manihot in mice with inflammatory bowel disease based on gut microbiota sequencing and untargeted lipidomics[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2022 , 57 (12) : 3546 -3556 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0706
炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease, IBD) 是一种由异常免疫反应介导的慢性非特异性胃肠道疾病。根据炎症的病理学特征及发病部位, IBD主要分为溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩氏病。IBD好发于免疫功能失衡或伴有遗传病史的人群, 临床症状表现为腹痛、腹泻、黏液脓血便等, 并伴随结肠癌、肠穿孔等并发症。IBD具有反复发作、治疗费用高、预后效果差且不能痊愈等特点。近年来, 随着国民经济的不断提高和工业化的发展, IBD已逐步成为全球性疾病[1, 2], 尤其在青少年人群中的发病率明显升高。目前IBD的药物治疗主要以氨基水杨酸制剂、糖皮质激素、小分子免疫抑制剂[3]等为主, 但这些药物在干预疾病进程的同时均伴随着一定不良反应。IBD确切的病因仍不清楚, 因此尚未见有效的干预策略[4]
中医药对IBD的干预治疗具有显著的特色和优势, 可有效降低IBD的复发率, 且不良反应小[5]。在中医学上, IBD属于“痢疾”“肠澼”范畴, 因其镜下表现类似中医“痈疡”, 故以“内疡”立论[6]。黄蜀葵花为锦葵科秋葵属草本植物黄蜀葵的花朵, 《本草纲目》将黄蜀葵花列为“疮家要药”, 具有清热解毒消肿之效, 对于临床上难治性溃疡性疾病具有较好的疗效[7]。近年来也有研究发现黄蜀葵花对IBD具有一定的效用, 以黄蜀葵花为主药的复方黄蜀葵花敛肠汤在临床上可用于溃疡性结肠炎治疗[8], 但黄蜀葵花对IBD的具体防治作用机制尚不明确。
IBD的发病原因非常复杂, 公认的诱发因素包括遗传、环境、心理、免疫、肠道菌等, 其中肠道菌群在IBD发病过程起到重要作用。现有研究一致认为[9-11], IBD患者肠道中的微生物多样性降低, 肠道菌群结构发生显著变化, 临床上通过益生菌和粪菌移植的方法可改善IBD患者的症状[12], 为调控肠道菌群可作为防治IBD的潜在靶点提供了直接证据, 但肠道菌群失调与IBD病理进程的因果关系并不清楚。肠道是人体最大的免疫器官之一, 肠道微生物群在宿主免疫系统的发育中发挥着重要作用, 肠道菌群代谢物可参与信号传导、免疫系统调节等环节, 进而与IBD等炎症性疾病紧密联系[13]。前期研究表明, 胃肠道免疫系统功能障碍或许是IBD关键的致病因素[14]
脂质是生物体内重要的营养物质之一, 参与细胞构成及机体代谢构成, 与机体健康及疾病状态息息相关。现有研究采用脂质组学和宏基因组谱分析发现, IBD期间宿主粪便中的脂质代谢显著异常[15]。在众多脂质中, 鞘脂已被证明在调节胃肠道免疫反应中发挥重要作用, 是IBD的潜在治疗靶点之一; 且肠道微生物可参与鞘脂的代谢与合成。微生物及其代谢产物的相互作用可能是调节胃肠道免疫的关键因素, 也是连接肠道稳态与宿主状态的关键纽带。
本研究采用高通量16S rRNA测序, 分析黄蜀葵花对IBD小鼠肠道菌群稳态的调节作用, 并结合非靶向脂质组学分析小鼠粪便中的脂质轮廓变化, 以期揭示肠道菌来源的脂质代谢差异, 探讨黄蜀葵花防治IBD的作用机制, 为临床防治提供研究基础。
动物  雌性SPF级的C57BL/6小鼠, 6~8周龄, 体重20 ± 2 g, 购自上海斯莱克实验动物有限责任公司, 实验动物许可证号: SCXK (沪) 2017-0005, 实验动物合格号: 20170005026732。小鼠饲养于南京中医药大学药物安全评价中心, 动物实验获得南京中医药大学动物伦理委员会批准。
药品与试剂  黄蜀葵花饮片(批号: 190901, 安徽省万生中药饮片有限公司); 葡聚糖硫酸钠(dextran sulfate sodium, DSS, 批号: S3045, 美国MP Biomedicals公司); 4%多聚甲醛固定液(批号: BL539A, Biosharp生物科技有限公司); RNA提取试剂盒(批号: ET111-01)、Top Green S qPCR Super Mix试剂盒(批号: O21127)、One-Step gDNA Removal and cDNA Synthesis Super Mix试剂盒(批号: P20329) (北京全式金生物技术有限公司); 脂质标准品: LysoPE (lysophosphatidylethanolamine, 17∶1, 批号: LM171LPE-11)、SM (sphingomyelin, 17∶0, 批号: 170SM-13)、PE (phosphatidyl ethanolamine, 17∶0/17∶0, 批号: LM170PE-19) (Avanti Polar Lipids公司); 异丙醇(批号: C12585714)、乙醇(批号: C12314967) (上海麦克林生化科技有限公司); 氯仿(三氯甲烷, 批号: 20191217, 国药集团化学试剂有限公司); 甲醇、乙腈、甲基叔丁基醚(methyl tert-butyl ether, MTBE) (德国Merck公司); 异丙醇、甲酸铵、乙酸铵(质谱纯, 美国ROE公司)。
仪器  低温高速离心机(型号: Microfuge 22R)、高速冷冻离心机(美国Beckman公司); 微型旋涡混合仪(型号: XW-80A, 上海沪西分析仪器厂); 电子天平(型号: ML-204/02, 上海梅特勒-托利多仪器有限公司); U3000高效液相色谱仪(美国Dionex公司); Q-Exactive四级杆-轨道阱质谱仪(美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司); 真空离心浓缩仪(美国Thermo公司); 涡旋振荡器(美国Scientific Industries公司); KQ-500B型超声波清洗器(昆山市超声仪器有限公司); 十万分之一电子天平(德国Sartorius公司)。
黄蜀葵花总提物制备  黄蜀葵花饮片先用相当于药材量18倍的70%乙醇提取, 再用10倍量的70%乙醇提取, 每次2 h。将两次提取液合并, 过滤后旋蒸浓缩至一定体积, 冷冻干燥后即得黄蜀葵花醇提物; 药渣再用10倍量的水提取2次, 每次2 h, 所得水提物经旋蒸浓缩后, 用80%乙醇进行醇沉过夜, 抽滤后取沉淀, 冷冻干燥即得黄蜀葵花多糖。黄蜀葵花总提物为黄蜀葵花醇提物和黄蜀葵花多糖的混合物, 按照提取得率, 混合比例为黄蜀葵花醇提物∶黄蜀葵花多糖= 4∶1。
动物分组与给药  将22只C57BL/6小鼠随机分为3组, 其中空白组(control) 8只、模型组(model) 和黄蜀葵花总提物给药组(HK), 每组各7只。空白组小鼠全程给予正常饮用水。模型组小鼠的饮用水中含有DSS, 每次提供200 mL。DSS诱导IBD的具体方案为: 第1~7天, 前3天的DSS浓度2%, 后4天的DSS浓度2.5%; 第8~14天, 给相应剂量的水; 第15~24天, 前3天的DSS浓度2.5%, 后7天的DSS浓度3%; 第25~31天, 给相应剂量的水; 第32~38天, DSS浓度3%; 第39~45天, 给相应剂量的水。黄蜀葵花给药组造模方式同上, 在各给水缓和阶段灌胃给药黄蜀葵花总提物, 剂量为1 g·kg-1 (黄葵醇提物∶黄葵多糖= 800 mg·kg-1∶200 mg·kg-1), 给药体积为0.1 mL/10 g, 每天1次。
慢性IBD模型评估  实验过程中记录小鼠的体重、精神状态、饮食状况及粪便情况, 根据体重下降百分率、粪便黏稠度、大便隐血三项综合评分计算IBD疾病活动指数(disease activity index, DAI), 评分标准如表 1所示:
小鼠结肠组织病理分析  剪取一定量结肠组织, 置于4%多聚甲醛固定液中, 将组织用常规石蜡包埋制片, 切片脱蜡后进行苏木精-伊红(hematoxylin and eosin, H & E) 染色。在显微镜下观察炎性细胞浸润等变化, 并进行结肠组织损伤评分。
小鼠结肠组织中炎症因子基因表达检测  称取小鼠结肠组织10 mg左右, 研磨匀浆, 使用TransZol法提取mRNA, 按照RNA抽提试剂盒流程进行提取。提取后进行RNA浓度测定, 按一定比例稀释到所需浓度, 根据试剂盒进行逆转录反应, 使用QuantStudio 5型实时荧光定量PCR仪进行扩增及检测设置, 引物序列见表 2。扩增结束后, 数据处理以GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) 为内参基因, 由2-∆∆Ct法计算结肠组织中TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor alpha) 和Muc2 (mucin-2) 基因的相对表达量。
肠道细菌基因测序  在实验终点取各组小鼠新鲜粪便, 采用Illumina PE250平台对DNA片段进行双端(paired-end) 测序, 测序相关工作由上海派森诺公司完成。
脂质组学粪便样品前处理  将-80 ℃冻存的小鼠粪便于4 ℃解冻, 精密称取20 mg放于2 mL离心管中, 加入200 μL超纯水, 匀浆15 min。精密吸取20 μL匀浆液于1.5 mL离心管中, 加入225 μL含内标[LysoPE (17∶1)、SM (17∶0)、PE (17∶0/17∶0) 浓度约为5 μg·mL-1] 的冰甲醇, 涡旋10 s, 加入750 μL的MTBE, 再次涡旋10 s, 于4 ℃震荡10 min, 加入188 μL超纯水, 涡旋20 s后于4 ℃, 18 000 r·min-1离心2 min, 吸取350 μL上清液至1.5 mL离心管中, 置于离心浓缩仪中挥干。挥干的样品用110 μL复溶液(甲醇∶甲苯, 9∶1) 进行复溶, 即涡旋10 min, 超声10 min, 18 000 r·min-1离心10 min, 取60 μL上清液于进样小瓶内, 上机进样分析。
脂质组学LC-MS (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry) 的分析条件  色谱柱: ACQUITY CSH C18 (1.7 μm, 2.1 mm × 100 mm); 流速: 0.3 mL·min-1; 正离子模式的流动相A: 乙腈∶水= 6∶4, 含10 mmol·L-1甲酸铵和0.1%甲酸; B: 异丙醇∶乙腈= 9∶1, 含10 mmol·L-1甲酸铵和0.1%甲酸。负离子模式的流动相A: 乙腈∶水= 6∶4, 含10 mmol·L-1乙酸铵; B: 异丙醇∶乙腈= 9∶1, 含10 mmol·L-1乙酸铵。流动相梯度: 0~4 min, 15%~30% B; 4~5 min, 30%~48% B; 5~22 min, 48%~82% B; 22~23 min, 82%~99% B; 24~24.2 min, 99%~15% B; 24.2~30 min, 15% B。柱温: 65 ℃, 进样量: 2 μL (正离子), 5 μL (负离子)。
质谱条件: Q-Exactive四级杆-轨道离子阱质谱仪, 电离方式: HESI源。正离子模式: 喷雾电压: 3.5 kV, 离子源温度: 306 ℃, 毛细管温度: 300 ℃, 鞘气流: 45 arb, 辅助气流: 10 arb, 范围: 215~1 800 m/z, S-lens: 50; 负离子模式: 喷雾电压: 3.0 kV, 离子源温度: 325 ℃, 毛细管温度: 300 ℃, 鞘气流: 45 arb, 辅助气流: 10 arb, 范围: 215~1 800 m/z, S-lens: 50。
统计学方法  实验结果采用GraphPad Prism8等软件分析, 所有数据均以mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) 表示(n ≥ 3)。采用one-way ANOVA Tukey进行组间差异性分析, 与空白组比较, P < 0.05表示具有统计学意义。
具体实验方案如图 1A所示。与正常组小鼠相比, 在给予DSS期间, 模型组小鼠体重显著降低, 在给水缓和期间, 小鼠体重有所恢复; 黄蜀葵花给药组可显著减缓小鼠体重降低(图 1B)。按照体重下降百分率、粪便黏稠度、大便隐血三项综合评分计算DAI, 结果显示模型组小鼠在DSS期间, DAI评分快速上升, 显著高于空白组, 且出现明显的腹泻和便血等症状; 黄蜀葵花给药后可显著降低IBD小鼠的DAI评分, 改善小鼠腹泻症状(图 1C)。
HE染色结果显示, 空白组小鼠结肠组织黏膜完整, 肠绒毛排列紧密, 绒毛上皮内可见完整隐窝和杯状细胞, 组织形态结构正常, 无明显病理变化; 模型组小鼠结肠组织可见明显的炎性细胞浸润, 组织结构明显受到损坏, 病理损伤评分显著升高(图 1D); 黄蜀葵花给药后则可改善结肠组织炎性浸润, 恢复隐窝结构, 减轻慢性结肠炎病理损伤, 对病理损伤评分有降低的趋势。结肠长度与肠道炎症发生发展密切相关, 是评估慢性结肠炎的重要指标之一。与正常小鼠相比, IBD模型小鼠结肠长度明显缩短, 黄蜀葵花给药后可显著恢复小鼠结肠长度(图 1E)。
结肠组织中Muc2TNF-α的mRNA定量结果显示, 经DSS造模后, 小鼠结肠组织中Muc2水平显著下调, TNF-α水平显著上调; 经黄蜀葵花给药后可促进Muc2表达, 对TNF-α表达有一定抑制作用趋势(图 1F)。
为了探究黄蜀葵花对慢性IBD小鼠肠道微生物群的影响, 本研究首先采用16S rRNA测序分析了小鼠的肠道菌群多样性。在进行数据处理时选择有97%相似的基因序列进行归类组成分类操作单元(operational taxonomic units, OTUs), 在OTUs的基础上进行物种丰富度和物种多样性分析。利用rank abundance曲线将样品中的OTUs根据相对丰度按一定的顺序排列编号, 以OTUs的排列编号为横坐标, 相对丰度为纵坐标绘制而成, 可反映物种丰富度(横坐标跨度) 及均匀度(曲线陡峭程度)。在菌群Alpha多样性分析中, 以Chao1指数表征丰富度, 以Shannon和Simpson指数表征多样性。与正常小鼠相比, IBD模型小鼠在物种丰富度及多样性上有降低的趋势, 黄蜀葵花给药后, rank abundance曲线明显右移, Chao1、Shannon和Simpson指数显著升高, 表明黄蜀葵花可有效增加肠道微生物群的丰富度及多样性(图 2AB)。
对小鼠肠道微生物各级类群进行分析发现, 与正常小鼠相比, IBD模型小鼠在各级类群数量上无明显差异, 但黄蜀葵花给药后对门、纲、目、科、属、种各类群数量均有显著提高作用(图 2C), 提示黄蜀葵花可显著增加肠道微生物群的多样性。在门水平上, 模型组小鼠中拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes) 明显减少, 厚壁菌门(Firmicutes) 和放线菌门(Actinobacteria) 有增加趋势, 黄蜀葵花给药后可明显恢复拟杆菌门细菌丰度, 降低厚壁菌门细菌丰度(图 2D)。
对拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes) 和疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia) 等肠道菌群主要类群的分析结果发现, 与正常小鼠相比, IBD模型小鼠疣微菌门丰度显著升高, 而拟杆菌门丰度呈下降趋势, 黄蜀葵花给药后可显著恢复拟杆菌门细菌丰度, 对疣微菌门细菌丰度无显著影响(图 3A)。
拟杆菌门属于肠道益生菌群, 是机体健康肠道中的重要组成部分, 影响机体的营养、代谢和免疫等过程[11]。进一步深入分析拟杆菌门下细菌类群发现, 黄蜀葵花给药后可显著上调慢性IBD小鼠拟杆菌纲、拟杆菌目及拟杆菌科细菌丰度(图 3B)。
为了确定慢性IBD小鼠粪便中脂质轮廓的变化, 采用建立的非靶向脂质组学方法, 首先对脂质组学数据进行主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA), 结果显示, 慢性IBD小鼠整体的脂质轮廓发生显著变化, 其中正离子模式下PC1: 40.9%、PC2: 10.9%; 负离子组PC1: 41.3%、PC2: 21.6%。黄蜀葵花给药后异常的脂质轮廓得到显著改变(图 4AB)。对脂质组学数据进一步进行fold change分析发现, 慢性IBD小鼠粪便中脂质含量呈上升趋势, 黄蜀葵花给药后, 对负离子模式下响应的脂质含量有一定下调作用(图 4AB)。
根据已鉴定脂质的相对含量建立火山图(volcano plot) 和聚类热图(图 4A~D), 进一步筛选各组间的差异性脂质, 慢性IBD模型小鼠粪便中共发现92种差异性脂质, 其中正离子模式下鉴定出70种差异性脂质(图 4C), 负离子模式下鉴定出22种差异性脂质(图 4D), 包括12种鞘磷脂、7种鞘糖脂、4种神经酰胺、4种甘油磷酸胆碱、3种甘油磷酸胆碱和3种甘油磷酸乙醇胺等; 黄蜀葵花给药后对小鼠粪便中脂质调节作用主要集中于甘油磷脂和鞘脂(图 4CD)。结合以上数据, 再进行脂质代谢通路富集分析, 挑选出评分较高即有明显差异的代谢通路, 代谢通路富集分析气泡图显示造模前后差异性较大的脂质代谢通路(图 4E), 其中评分最高、差异最显著的代谢通路有两条, 即鞘脂代谢(sphingolipid metabolism) 和甘油磷脂代谢(glycerophospholipid metabolism) 通路。
有研究[16]通过代谢组学和宏观基因组学分析发现, IBD模型小鼠体内鞘脂含量发生显著变化, 结合本研究以上数据分析, 现对鞘脂类中3种主要脂质, 神经酰胺、鞘糖脂和鞘磷脂含量进行深入分析。与正常小鼠相比, IBD小鼠粪便中3种鞘脂含量均显著增加, 黄蜀葵花给药后可促进鞘糖脂合成(图 5A), 对神经酰胺及鞘磷脂合成有抑制趋势(图 5BC)。
甘油磷脂是膜双层的主要成分, 为细胞膜提供物理支持, 调节代谢活性物质的跨膜运动[17]。对另一具有显著差异的甘油磷脂代谢通路下各类脂质进行分析, 选取该通路下变化较为明显的几种脂质, 包括磷脂酰胆碱、溶血磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰乙醇胺及其各自具有醚键连接的代谢物。结果显示, 与正常小鼠相比, IBD模型小鼠粪便中磷脂酰胆碱、溶血磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰乙醇胺含量均显著升高(图 6), 黄蜀葵花给药后对磷脂酰胆碱合成无显著影响(图 6A), 但可显著抑制醚键连接的磷脂酰胆碱合成(图 6B); 黄蜀葵花可增加IBD小鼠粪便中磷脂酰乙醇胺含量(图 6CD), 同时抑制醚键连接的磷脂酰乙醇胺合成(图 6EF)。
IBD是主要以肠道组织炎症和损伤为特征的慢性疾病, 在世界范围内有很高的发病率, 且易反复、难治愈。IBD发病原因并不明确, 但已有研究证明肠道菌群失调和某些特定的脂质代谢紊乱是IBD发病的特征之一。
本研究利用DSS构建慢性IBD小鼠模型, 给予DSS期间, 小鼠体重下降, 出现腹泻便血等情况; 对小鼠结肠组织进行H & E染色, 模型组小鼠的结肠组织结构出现明显的损伤, 隐窝和杯状细胞基本消失, 病理组织评分明显高于空白组, 提示慢性小鼠IBD模型造模成功; qPCR结果显示, 小鼠结肠组织中的炎症因子TNF-α表达量明显增加, Muc2表达量降低。Muc2是黏液层的主要组成成分, 对于预防结肠炎至关重要, 小鼠中Muc2缺失可引起隐窝细菌定植、加剧炎症反应[18, 19]。以上结果提示, IBD小鼠体内存在明显炎症, 且肠道黏液层受损, 黄蜀葵花可有效改善慢性IBD小鼠基础状况, 减轻炎症反应, 恢复肠道病变。
疾病状态下, 共生微生物和潜在致病微生物之间的平衡发生变化从而导致肠道微生物多样性下降, 被称为菌群失调, 这与IBD的发展息息相关[20, 21]。多项临床研究表明, IBD患者与健康受试者的肠道菌群存在差异, 表现为物种多样性降低, 变形杆菌门丰度增加等[22, 23]。本研究通过对IBD小鼠肠道菌高通量测序结果分析发现, 慢性IBD小鼠的肠道菌群的多样性和物种丰富度发生降低, 其中拟杆菌门丰度显著下调, 疣微菌门丰度显著上调, 而黄蜀葵花可显著提高菌群各级类群数量, 增加肠道微生物群丰富度与多样性, 恢复慢性IBD小鼠的肠道微生物稳态。
拟杆菌作为哺乳动物健康肠道的优势菌群, 在肠道菌群中占很大比例, 其为身体提供必需的营养[24], 但当其进入胃肠道以外的身体部位时, 则会加重脓肿和其他感染[25, 26]。多项研究证实, 在溃疡性结肠炎患者的肠道菌群中, 脆弱拟杆菌的丰富度显著降低, 且近期有研究发现定植脆弱拟杆菌能减轻炎症驱动的结肠癌发生[27]。在本研究中, 对不同菌群分析发现, 慢性IBD小鼠模型中, 拟杆菌门丰度呈下降趋势, 黄蜀葵花可显著上调小鼠粪便中拟杆菌丰度, 效果最为显著; 进一步对拟杆菌门下的各级类群丰度进行分析, 主要在纲、目及科水平作用显著。
基于此, 本研究进一步探讨了黄蜀葵花是如何影响IBD期间宿主粪便中的菌群稳态, 或进一步探究黄蜀葵花如何通过改变肠道菌群丰度与结构后再影响宿主疾病发展。因此, 本研究对小鼠的粪便进行LC-MS分析, 对宿主粪便中的脂质进行表征。与先前报道一致[16], 本研究结果显示, 在IBD期间, 小鼠的粪便中鞘脂含量显著升高, 鞘脂代谢和甘油磷脂代谢两条通路差异最为明显; 然后进一步对3种主要鞘脂类脂质及几种主要的甘油磷脂类脂质进行了含量分析, 发现黄蜀葵花可在一定程度上抑制神经酰胺及鞘磷脂合成。
鞘脂是结构膜成分和重要的真核信号分子。鞘脂参与调节炎症和免疫, 最近被确定为IBD患者粪便中差异最大的代谢物[15]。拟杆菌是目前已经被证明是鞘脂产生相关的肠道菌, 其膜结构成分也含有大量鞘脂。本研究结果与已有文献研究结果相符, Brown等[16]基于代谢组学和宏观基因组学的研究发现, IBD患者体内拟杆菌门细菌丰度降低, 可导致细菌(主要来源于拟杆菌) 来源的鞘脂丰度减少, 进而促进肠道炎症的发生发展。与此同时, 该研究者还发现IBD期间, 细菌来源的鞘脂虽然减少, 但宿主粪便中的鞘脂丰度却升高, 此现象可能是对拟杆菌来源的鞘脂下调的补充, 但其具体机制目前尚不明确。
本研究发现, 在慢性IBD小鼠模型中, 小鼠粪便中拟杆菌门细菌丰度显著下降, 与宿主粪便中升高的神经酰胺呈负相关; 黄蜀葵花下调拟杆菌丰度同时对神经酰胺及鞘磷脂合成有抑制趋势。因此推测: IBD小鼠粪便中拟杆菌门细菌丰度下调, 致使细菌来源的鞘脂丰度降低, 或会促进肠道炎症的发生发展; 同时, 宿主代偿性升高宿主体内鞘脂浓度, 补充拟杆菌来源的鞘脂的下调, 而黄蜀葵花对拟杆菌丰度的恢复作用可能通过进一步恢复鞘脂代谢来调节IBD症状, 其中具体机制尚待进一步明确。
作者贡献: 杨淑惠、李成曦为实验主要完成者及文章主要撰写者; 李建萍负责部分实验指导及提供修改意见; 王雨萌、刘云负责部分数据采集与处理分析工作; 段金廒为本文提供修改意见; 郭建明提出本文研究思路并指导文章撰写与修改。
利益冲突: 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(82074136)
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2022年第57卷第12期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0706
  • 接收时间:2022-06-09
  • 首发时间:2025-12-24
  • 出版时间:2022-12-12
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  • 收稿日期:2022-06-09
  • 修回日期:2022-07-04
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(82074136)
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    南京中医药大学, 江苏省中药资源产业化过程协同创新中心, 江苏 南京 210023

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*郭建明, Tel: 86-25-85811917, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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