Article(id=1210517371735904317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210517366081975259, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0129, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1643212800000, receivedDateStr=2022-01-27, revisedDate=1652112000000, revisedDateStr=2022-05-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766539431747, onlineDateStr=2025-12-24, pubDate=1668182400000, pubDateStr=2022-11-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766539431747, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766539431747, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766539431747, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1210517366081975259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2022', volume='57', issue='11', pageStart='3259', pageEnd='3450', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766539430399, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766539608198, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210518111875363690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210517366081975259, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210518111875363691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210517366081975259, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3316, endPage=3321, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1210517372146946122, articleId=1210517371735904317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Establishment and evaluation of in vitro screen model for LTB4 receptor 1, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The GPCR family component leukotriene B4 receptor 1 (LTB4R1) is the receptor of leukotriene B4 (LTB4), the metabolic product of ω6 fatty acid. LTB4R1 is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of insulin resistance, chronic inflammation and type 2 diabetes. Here we established a LTB4R1 inhibitor screen model based on the GPCR family protein property that its activation causes the cytosolic escalation of calcium. The cytosolic calcium probe Fluo-8 represents the change of calcium ion. After adding LTB4, the fluorescent signal of Fluo-8 in the CHO cells which are co-transfected with LTB4R1 and Gα16 will change with the increase of cytosolic calcium, and LTB4R1 inhibitor blocked the effect of LTB4 on fluorescent signal of Fluo-8 in the CHO cells. Here, we used 0.2% DMSO as a negative control, and cp-105696 as a positive control in the screen model. After stimulation with LTB4, the Fluo-8 signal in 0.2% DMSO treated CHO cells increased 2 fold and fell back slowly, while the signal in inhibitor (cp-105696) treated cells was not induced by LTB4. The results showed that LTB4 increased the cytosolic calcium detected by Fluo-8 in a dose dependent manner. Similarly, cp-105696 inhibited the Fluo-8 signal dose dependently, indicating that this method can quantify the inhibitory activity of the compounds. The Z'-factor, reflecting the robustness of the screen model, was 0.777 with a series of experiments. In sum, we over-expressed LTB4R1α and Gα16 in CHO cell, used Fluo-8 to detect the calcium signal activated by LTB4, and established the in vitro screen model for LTB4 receptor 1.

, correspAuthors=Ping-ping LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2022 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Chun-xiao MA, Yan-jun WAN, Shao-cong HOU, Shu-wang HE, Shi-qiang YAN, Ping-ping LI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1210517374541893753, articleId=1210517371735904317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=LTB4R1抑制剂筛选方法的建立及评价, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

ω6脂肪酸代谢产物白三烯B4 (LTB4) 的受体白三烯B4受体1 (LTB4R1) 属于G蛋白耦联受体(GPCR) 家族, 是胰岛素抵抗、慢性炎症和2型糖尿病的潜在药物作用靶点。本文根据GPCR家族蛋白激活后可以引起细胞质内钙离子升高的原理, 建立了96孔板体系LTB4R1抑制剂筛选模型。胞质内钙离子探针Fluo-8可以表征细胞质内的钙离子变化, 当共转染LTB4R1和G蛋白α亚基16 (Gα16) 的仓鼠卵巢癌细胞(CHO) 受到LTB4刺激后, 胞浆钙离子浓度升高, Fluo-8的荧光信号随之增强。LTB4R1抑制剂处理细胞后, Fluo-8的荧光信号减弱。本文以0.2% DMSO为阴性对照, LTB4R1抑制剂cp-105696为阳性对照建立筛选模型。经LTB4刺激后, 0.2% DMSO处理的细胞Fluo-8信号上升约2倍后缓慢回落, 而cp-105696处理组则抑制LTB4的作用。LTB4和抑制剂cp-105696浓度梯度实验表明, Fluo-8的荧光信号升高幅度和抑制剂的浓度成反比, 可以作为评价待测化合物的抑制效果的指标。多次重复实验计算所得阳性与阴性对照Z'因子为0.777, 证明该筛选模型稳定可靠。本文采用蛋白过表达方式在CHO细胞中构建了LTB4R1-内质网钙的信号通路, 并在此基础上建立了通过检测钙信号强度来筛选化合物对LTB4R1抑制活性的体系。本方法可用于LTB4R1抑制剂先导化合物的体外初步筛选, 为后续体内研究奠定基础。

, correspAuthors=李平平, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*李平平, Tel: 86-10-50927273, E-mail:
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Shandong DYNE Marine Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Weihai 264333, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210517374915186838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210517371735904317, companyId=1210517374898409620, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.山东达因海洋生物制药有限公司, 山东 威海 264333)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1210517379327594948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210517371735904317, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=EGRDF01t3MRXxMs2vSqdFA==, figureFileBig=4RcNt+hKTbcvcRtv5imfzg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210517379436646855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210517371735904317, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= LTB4 stimulated calcium transient in CHO cells transfected with LTB4R1 and G<i>α</i>16. A: Leukotriene B4 receptor 1 (LTB4R1) and G<i>α</i>16 expression pattern by Western blot after transfection with LTB4R1 and G<i>α</i>16 for 0, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h in CHO cells; B: The increase of calcium transient with leukotriene B4 (LTB4, 400 nmol‧L<sup>-1</sup>) stimulation by Fluo-8 calcium probe in CHO cells transfected with LTB4R1, G<i>α</i>16, or both; C: Immunofluorescence of the Fluo-8 calcium probe in CHO cells with LTB4 stimulation. Fluo-8 calcium probe detects cytosolic calcium and expresses green fluorescence. RFU: Relative fluorescence units , figureFileSmall=EGRDF01t3MRXxMs2vSqdFA==, figureFileBig=4RcNt+hKTbcvcRtv5imfzg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210517379705082332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210517371735904317, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=gHGNgLMv1GoipMVQCJ5bZg==, figureFileBig=78HreiEfYgFftdK29ZAWQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210517379885437415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210517371735904317, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= LTB4 induced calcium change dose dependently in CHO cells transfected with LTB4R1 and G<i>α</i>16. A, B: Effect of 400 nmol‧L<sup>-1</sup> LTB4 on intracellular calcium concentration using Fluo-8 calcium probe in LTB4R1 and G<i>α</i>16 co-transfected CHO cells; C: The calcium signal by Fluo-8 calcium probe in LTB4R1 and G<i>α</i>16 co-transfected CHO cells with stimulation of LTB4 from 100 pmol‧L<sup>-1</sup> to 10 µmol‧L<sup>-1</sup>; D: The LTB4 activation curve in CHO cells. <i>n</i> = 3, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \overline{x} $</span> ± SEM in D , figureFileSmall=gHGNgLMv1GoipMVQCJ5bZg==, figureFileBig=78HreiEfYgFftdK29ZAWQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210517380036432367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210517371735904317, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=oj1VzOtksGOKlCXcFxNO7A==, figureFileBig=tJf9OKBI7DxVpIsrDi+F9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210517380187427324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210517371735904317, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= LTB4R1 inhibitor cp-105696 blocked the calcium transient in CHO cells. A, B: Overnight treatment of 10 μmol‧L<sup>-1</sup> cp-105696 inhibited the calcium transient by Fluo-8 calcium probe in LTB4R1 and G<i>α</i>16 co-transfected CHO cells; C: The calcium fluctuation in LTB4R1 and G<i>α</i>16 transfected CHO cells with cp-105696 (1 pmol‧L<sup>-1</sup> to 100 μmol‧L<sup>-1</sup>, overnight); D: The inhibition curve of cp-105696 in CHO cells. <i>n</i> = 4, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \overline{x} $</span> ± SEM in D , figureFileSmall=oj1VzOtksGOKlCXcFxNO7A==, figureFileBig=tJf9OKBI7DxVpIsrDi+F9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210517380317450757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210517371735904317, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=4NZco25edQLbjjioibeflw==, figureFileBig=JJXuLCbnX5zCNdkIp8s6fA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210517380502000145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210517371735904317, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= The stability and reliability of LTB4R1 screening model. A: The increase of fluorescence induced by 400 nmol‧L<sup>-1</sup> LTB4 in CHO cells after vehicle and 10 μmol‧L<sup>-1</sup> cp-105696 treatment respectively; B. The increase of fluorescence induced by 400 nmol‧L<sup>-1</sup> LTB4 at different time points after 30 mins of Fluo-8 calcium probe incubation in CHO cells. Increase = (peak-basal)/basal × 100%. <i>n</i> =10, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \overline{x} $</span> ± SEM in A. <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001. , figureFileSmall=4NZco25edQLbjjioibeflw==, figureFileBig=JJXuLCbnX5zCNdkIp8s6fA==, tableContent=null)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1189982048455397383, delFlag=0, nameCn=药学学报, nameEn=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=0513-4870, eissn=null, cn=11-2163/R, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=BTxjudbJDVO4PqdBR6On6Q==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=null, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, 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LTB4R1抑制剂筛选方法的建立及评价
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马春晓 1 , 万彦军 1 , 侯少聪 1 , 何淑旺 2 , 颜世强 2 , 李平平 1, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2022,57(11): 3316-3321
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2022, 57(11): 3316-3321
LTB4R1抑制剂筛选方法的建立及评价
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马春晓1, 万彦军1, 侯少聪1, 何淑旺2, 颜世强2, 李平平1, *
作者信息
  • 1.中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100050
  • 2.山东达因海洋生物制药有限公司, 山东 威海 264333

通讯作者:

*李平平, Tel: 86-10-50927273, E-mail:
Establishment and evaluation of in vitro screen model for LTB4 receptor 1
Chun-xiao MA1, Yan-jun WAN1, Shao-cong HOU1, Shu-wang HE2, Shi-qiang YAN2, Ping-ping LI1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
  • 2. Shandong DYNE Marine Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Weihai 264333, China
出版时间: 2022-11-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0129
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ω6脂肪酸代谢产物白三烯B4 (LTB4) 的受体白三烯B4受体1 (LTB4R1) 属于G蛋白耦联受体(GPCR) 家族, 是胰岛素抵抗、慢性炎症和2型糖尿病的潜在药物作用靶点。本文根据GPCR家族蛋白激活后可以引起细胞质内钙离子升高的原理, 建立了96孔板体系LTB4R1抑制剂筛选模型。胞质内钙离子探针Fluo-8可以表征细胞质内的钙离子变化, 当共转染LTB4R1和G蛋白α亚基16 (Gα16) 的仓鼠卵巢癌细胞(CHO) 受到LTB4刺激后, 胞浆钙离子浓度升高, Fluo-8的荧光信号随之增强。LTB4R1抑制剂处理细胞后, Fluo-8的荧光信号减弱。本文以0.2% DMSO为阴性对照, LTB4R1抑制剂cp-105696为阳性对照建立筛选模型。经LTB4刺激后, 0.2% DMSO处理的细胞Fluo-8信号上升约2倍后缓慢回落, 而cp-105696处理组则抑制LTB4的作用。LTB4和抑制剂cp-105696浓度梯度实验表明, Fluo-8的荧光信号升高幅度和抑制剂的浓度成反比, 可以作为评价待测化合物的抑制效果的指标。多次重复实验计算所得阳性与阴性对照Z'因子为0.777, 证明该筛选模型稳定可靠。本文采用蛋白过表达方式在CHO细胞中构建了LTB4R1-内质网钙的信号通路, 并在此基础上建立了通过检测钙信号强度来筛选化合物对LTB4R1抑制活性的体系。本方法可用于LTB4R1抑制剂先导化合物的体外初步筛选, 为后续体内研究奠定基础。

白三烯B4受体1  /  筛选  /  慢性炎症  /  钙信号  /  Fluo-8

The GPCR family component leukotriene B4 receptor 1 (LTB4R1) is the receptor of leukotriene B4 (LTB4), the metabolic product of ω6 fatty acid. LTB4R1 is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of insulin resistance, chronic inflammation and type 2 diabetes. Here we established a LTB4R1 inhibitor screen model based on the GPCR family protein property that its activation causes the cytosolic escalation of calcium. The cytosolic calcium probe Fluo-8 represents the change of calcium ion. After adding LTB4, the fluorescent signal of Fluo-8 in the CHO cells which are co-transfected with LTB4R1 and Gα16 will change with the increase of cytosolic calcium, and LTB4R1 inhibitor blocked the effect of LTB4 on fluorescent signal of Fluo-8 in the CHO cells. Here, we used 0.2% DMSO as a negative control, and cp-105696 as a positive control in the screen model. After stimulation with LTB4, the Fluo-8 signal in 0.2% DMSO treated CHO cells increased 2 fold and fell back slowly, while the signal in inhibitor (cp-105696) treated cells was not induced by LTB4. The results showed that LTB4 increased the cytosolic calcium detected by Fluo-8 in a dose dependent manner. Similarly, cp-105696 inhibited the Fluo-8 signal dose dependently, indicating that this method can quantify the inhibitory activity of the compounds. The Z'-factor, reflecting the robustness of the screen model, was 0.777 with a series of experiments. In sum, we over-expressed LTB4R1α and Gα16 in CHO cell, used Fluo-8 to detect the calcium signal activated by LTB4, and established the in vitro screen model for LTB4 receptor 1.

leukotriene B4 receptor 1  /  screen  /  chronic inflammation  /  calcium signal  /  Fluo-8
马春晓, 万彦军, 侯少聪, 何淑旺, 颜世强, 李平平. LTB4R1抑制剂筛选方法的建立及评价. 药学学报, 2022 , 57 (11) : 3316 -3321 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0129
Chun-xiao MA, Yan-jun WAN, Shao-cong HOU, Shu-wang HE, Shi-qiang YAN, Ping-ping LI. Establishment and evaluation of in vitro screen model for LTB4 receptor 1[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2022 , 57 (11) : 3316 -3321 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0129
肥胖导致的慢性炎症是引发胰岛素抵抗的重要因素。在肥胖小鼠脂肪组织的免疫细胞中, 巨噬细胞占比可达60%, 远高于正常小鼠脂肪组织中的10%[1]。巨噬细胞在单核细胞化学趋化因子1的募集作用下进入脂肪组织, 被活化后表达多种促炎因子, 加剧组织内炎症反应[2]。除此之外, 这些炎症因子还可以通过两种形式影响胰岛素敏感性, 一是以旁分泌的形式直接作用于胰岛素的靶细胞, 抑制胰岛素信号转导; 二是经由介导胰岛素受体底物1表达来抑制胰岛素受体和胰岛素的结合, 从而引起胰岛素抵抗[3]。因此, 抑制或缓解体内的慢性炎症, 可以改善胰岛素抵抗。Li等[4]研究发现, 白三烯B4受体1 (LTB4R1) 能够导致慢性炎症和胰岛素抵抗。LTB4R1是白三烯B4 (LTB4) 的受体, 属于GPCR超家族, 拥有经典的7跨膜螺旋结构, 主要存在于巨噬细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞等免疫细胞中[5]。被LTB4激活后, LTB4R1通过结合G蛋白引起免疫细胞的炎症反应, 导致免疫细胞表达分泌更多的炎症因子, 如肿瘤坏死因子-α和白介素1β等。这些炎症因子会募集更多的免疫细胞, 进一步放大炎症反应, 形成慢性炎症。敲除小鼠的LTB4R1可以有效降低免疫细胞中炎症因子的表达, 缓解慢性炎症, 改善小鼠的葡萄糖耐受性和胰岛素抵抗, 说明LTB4R1为胰岛素抵抗和2型糖尿病的有效药物作用靶点[4]。因此, LTB4R1抑制剂具有新型胰岛素抵抗治疗药物的开发前景。
内质网是细胞中的钙库, 内质网膜上的三磷酸肌醇受体到三磷酸肌醇激活会导致内质网中的钙离子外流到细胞质内[6]。这一过程可受到GPCR信号通路调控, GPCR家族成员受到配体激活后, Gαq蛋白活化, 进而激活磷脂酶释放三磷酸肌醇, 促进内质网中的钙离子释放[7]。很多GPCR抑制剂筛选的经典模型即基于此原理[8]。但是细胞质中的钙离子是一个动态平衡过程, 受到激活时, 细胞质中的钙离子会急速上升至顶点, 后又慢慢回落至静息水平。因此, 筛选中需要监测钙离子由升高到降低的全过程, 以便区分钙信号的瞬时波动和受到配体激活后产生的钙信号上升。为达到此目的, GPCR的高通量筛选一般会选择使用实时荧光检测分析系统[9]。但是由于相关仪器较为稀缺, 日常使用不便, 而且在通量不高的情况下, 会造成试剂浪费, 因此并不适合实验室小量化合物活性验证。
作为GPCR家族成员, LTB4R1也适用于这一筛选模型。LTB4R1被LTB4激活后, 可以结合Gq蛋白Gα16, 引起内质网的钙外流, 使得细胞质中的钙离子浓度上升[10, 11]。本研究由此设计了LTB4R1的筛选方法, 即在CHO细胞中瞬时表达LTB4R1和G蛋白, 通过钙结合探针指示细胞质中的钙离子水平。加入化合物后, 如果细胞质中钙信号水平不随LTB4的加入而升高, 则初步表明该化合物为LTB4R1的抑制剂。
仪器和耗材  96孔黑色底透细胞培养板(Corning公司, #3603); 荧光显微镜(Zeiss公司, Vert A1); 细胞培养箱(Panasonic公司, MCO-170AICUVL-PC); 多功能酶标仪(Biotek公司, Synergy H1)。
细胞  CHO细胞由中国医学科学院药物研究所胡卓伟实验室赠与。细胞培养在5% CO2的37 ℃的培养箱中, 并进行传代。培养基为含有10%血清的DMEM培养基, 每2~3天传代1次。
质粒  LTB4R1 (EX-0680-M02-5) 和Gα16 (EX-A0128-M13-5) 购自Genecopoeia公司。
试剂  DMEM细胞培养基(128000-17)、胎牛血清(16000-044) (Gibco公司); Lipofectamine 3000转染试剂盒(Thermo Fisher公司, L3000-015); Fluo-8钙探针试剂盒(AAT Bioquest公司, 36315); LTB4 (Cayman公司, 20110)。
CHO细胞的转染  将连有LTB4R1和Gα16的哺乳动物细胞表达载体的质粒按照2.5∶1的比例转染到CHO细胞中, 24~48 h后, 收取细胞铺到96孔板中, 密度为20 000个细胞/孔。
Fluo-8处理细胞  在筛选前一晚加入化合物进行孵育, 初筛筛选浓度为10 µmol‧L-1, 采用DMSO作为阴性对照。检测前, 用Fluo-8钙探针37 ℃细胞培养箱孵育25 min。Fluo-8钙探针可以穿透细胞膜进入细胞, 在细胞质中被酯酶剪切形成羧酸集团, 无法继续穿透细胞膜, 因此存在于细胞质中。当Fluo-8钙探针特异性结合钙离子后, 会在490 nm激发光下, 发出525 nm波长的发射光。因此可以用490/525 nm波长检测细胞质中的钙离子含量。
Fluo-8信号检测  将96孔板置于多功能酶标仪中, 设置程序, 每孔读取静息状态下490/525 nm读数, 记为R0。由酶标仪配置的滴加器加入LTB4至终浓度为100 nmol‧L-1。继续在490/525 nm读取45 s。将其中最大值记为Rmax。将化合物的(Rmax-R0) 和DMSO的(Rmax-R0) 进行比较, 计算得到1-(Rmax-R0)化合物/(Rmax-R0)DMSO, 则得到化合物的抑制效果。
统计学方法  采用t-检验进行显著性检验。统计学的显著性表示为P < 0.05、P < 0.01和P < 0.001。
CHO细胞中基本不表达LTB4R1和Gα16 (图 1A), 当将LTB4R1和Gα16一同转染进CHO细胞后, Western blot可成功检测到LTB4R1和Gα16, 说明共转染体系构建成功。用LTB4 (400 nmol‧L-1) 处理共转染细胞, 可观察到细胞质中钙离子信号显著上升, 并在达到峰值后随着钙离子内流回内质网而下降(图 1B)。荧光显微镜下观察发现, 加入LTB4后, 共转染细胞在488 nm激发光下发出绿色荧光, 没有转染或仅转染单个基因的细胞钙信号的上升幅度显著低于共转染组(图 1C)。以上结果提示, LTB4增加钙信号的过程需要LTB4R1和Gα16共同参与。
为验证LTB4是否剂量依赖性增加转染LTB4R1和Gα16的CHO细胞胞浆中钙离子浓度, 本研究首先比较LTB4 (400 nmol‧L-1) 处理组和阴性对照组(PBS) 对胞质钙离子水平的影响, 发现PBS处理组细胞内钙离子水平在处理前后没有变化(图 2AB), 而LTB4处理组则显著升高胞浆钙浓度。最后, 为确定最佳LTB4浓度, 本研究采用不同浓度的LTB4 (100 pmol‧L-1~10 µmol‧L-1) 对共转染LTB4R1和Gα16的CHO细胞进行刺激, 发现胞质内钙信号的升高幅度和LTB4的浓度成正比。根据上述钙信号的激活程度拟合激活曲线, 经计算确定采用400 nmol‧L-1作为筛选使用浓度(图 2CD)。
化合物cp-105696是已报道的LTB4R1抑制剂[6]。采用cp-105696 (10 μmol‧L-1) 作为阳性对照, 可以发现当LTB4R1信号通路受到抑制时, LTB4刺激的胞质内钙信号上升受到显著抑制(图 3A), 细胞内由Fluo-8结合钙离子后发出的绿色荧光信号也大幅下降(图 3B)。使用不同浓度的cp-105696处理细胞, 发现LTB4刺激的胞质内钙信号上升幅度与抑制剂浓度呈负相关, 根据抑制程度计算cp-105696的IC50为3.051 nmol‧L-1, 与之前报道cp-105696的IC50 (8.42 nmol‧L-1) 相近[12], 说明胞质内钙离子信号的水平可以反映抑制剂的活性, 该模型可以用于LTB4R1的抑制剂筛选。
采用Z'因子对本LTB4R1筛选模型进行评测, 计算阳性对照cp-105696和阴性对照DMSO的抑制率, 组内平均值和标准差, 得到Z'因子为0.777 (图 4A), 说明本筛选方法稳定可靠。本方法需要记录细胞从受到LTB4激活到细胞质内钙信号平息全过程, 共用时1 min左右, 使得采用普通酶标仪进行筛选时, 不能同步检测多孔板上的每一个样本, 同时Fluo-8的钙离子结合能力会使得细胞由于缺少钙离子而死亡。因此采用普通酶标仪进行实验时, 需要控制单次检测的样本数量, 避免因Fluo-8溶液处理细胞时间过久导致细胞死亡, 无法响应LTB4的刺激而产生的假阳性结果。为解决这一问题, 本研究检测了不同Fluo-8孵育时间对细胞响应刺激的能力。将细胞与Fluo-8孵育30 min后, 在不同时间点加入LTB4进行检测, 发现在加入LTB4 30 min内, 细胞均可以响应LTB4的刺激(图 4B)。因此, 本研究将筛选规模定为每次30个样品, 以保证结果可靠。
本文建立了一种LTB4R1抑制剂的筛选方法, 即利用CHO细胞自带的内质网钙库, 在细胞内过表达LTB4R1和其相应的G蛋白Gα16, 从而构建完整的GPCR-内质网的信号通路, 再根据LTB4结合LTB4R1会导致细胞质中钙离子浓度上升这一原理, 通过测量钙信号的强弱来检测化合物对LTB4R1的抑制活性。为进一步评估本筛选方法的有效性, 本研究通过LTB4浓度梯度实验和LTB4R1抑制剂cp-105696的浓度梯度实验, 证明了钙离子浓度上升幅度与LTB4R1的激活程度具有相关性, 可以用来作为检测指标, 方法可靠。
在建立筛选方法的过程中遇到的问题之一是, 细胞内的钙离子浓度是动态变化的, 加入LTB4刺激后, 细胞质钙信号会在数秒内升高, 然后缓慢回落, 整个变化过程需要约1 min。在普通酶标仪上进行小规模药物筛选时, 既无法同时在所有孔中加入LTB4, 也无法监控每个孔1 min内的钙离子信号变化。因此, 本研究在图 4实验中通过检测了加入Fluo-8钙离子螯合剂后, 细胞钙信号的稳定时间, 确定了本方法的最大检测样品数, 以免由于细胞状态受损导致钙信号降低, 从而得到假阳性结果。
本筛选方法建立过程中遇到的另一个问题是, 因不同孔细胞状态存在差异, 每次实验中静息状态下Fluo-8的荧光读数也会有差异, 甚至在同一实验中, 随着Fluo-8孵育时间增加, 细胞荧光信号也会上升。为解决这一问题, 本研究比较了3种反映钙信号上升幅度的统计量: 荧光信号最高值、荧光信号增长值及LTB4刺激后Fluo-8最高值与刺激前读数的比值。经比较, 前两个统计量组间差异比较大, Z'因子也过大, 而Fluo-8最高值和静息值的比值则较为稳定, 在多次实验中均保持在1.8~2.2之间, 计算得到Z'因子为0.777, 表明采用这一指标可以很好地区分阴性对照和阳性对照, 筛选结果可靠。
MD公司的实时荧光检测分析系统FLIPR常用于高通量筛选, 原理也是基于钙信号变化, 可以同时监测多孔板上的每一个样品, 但是FLIPR普及程度较低, 限制了该筛选模型在药物筛选中的应用。而且高通量筛选适用于对规模数以万计的化合物库进行筛选, 在化合物合成阶段或天然产物分离阶段, 化合物的积累规模较小, 采用FLIPR进行筛选并不合适。因此, 本筛选模型的建立扩大了钙信号筛选方法的适用范围, 克服了上述假阳性问题, 可为小规模的候选化合物筛选提供帮助。
目前GPCR抑制剂或激动剂筛选有多种方法。第一种方法是根据已知的GPCR结构, 通过分子动力学模拟小分子化合物和GPCR结合的最稳定模式来筛选激动剂和抑制剂[13]。该方法优点在于可以通过计算机模拟优选结合紧密的小分子骨架, 节省实验时间。缺点则是需要获得目的GPCR的结构, 而且模拟出的化合物需要进一步的实验检验, 因此该方法通常作为第一步筛选, 用来缩小筛选范围。第二种方法是通过检测GPCR下游的产物来进行GPCR的筛选。与Gαs蛋白结合的GPCR激活后可以引起细胞中cAMP的含量升高, 通过检测cAMP的浓度可以筛选GPCR的抑制剂[14]。但是这个方法仅限于结合Gαs蛋白的GPCR, 有一定的局限性。第三种方法则是通过蛋白相互作用来进行GPCR抑制剂的筛选, 即BRET (bioluminescence resonance energy transfer) 方法。在这种方法中, 能量供体连接在Gα蛋白上, 能量受体则连接在Gγ蛋白上, 当GPCR被激活时, Gα蛋白和Gγ蛋白结合在一起, 能量供体和受体靠近, 通过检测BRET信号即可以进行筛选。这种方法需要选择适合的能量供体和受体并纯化蛋白进行标记, 建立模型需要更多条件[15]。本文利用LTB4R1结合Gαq蛋白引起内质网钙外流的方法建立筛选模型, 与BRET方法相比, 不需要前期进行蛋白的纯化和标记, 建立更简单。
本文建立了基于钙信号的LTB4R1抑制剂筛选模型, 与其他方法相比, 本方法简单可靠, 可用于小规模药物筛选, 如分离天然产物或者先导化合物的结构优化中不需要进行高通量筛选的情况。除LTB4R1外, 本筛选模型也可以扩展到其他GPCR的抑制剂筛选, 只需将目的GPCR和相应的G蛋白过表达在工具细胞中, 加入相应配体激活后, 即可进行抑制剂的筛选。本筛选模型的缺点则是受限于酶标仪加样器无法加入多种化合物, 较难扩展到激动剂的筛选, 需要搭配多通道加样器才可进行。如以LTB4为阳性对照, 加入化合物后, 迅速检测细胞质中的钙离子信号是否上升, 即可判断化合物是否为LTB4R1的激动剂。
作者贡献: 马春晓负责筛选模型的建立和评测、数据整理和论文撰写; 万彦君完成了抑制剂IC50的测定; 侯少聪负责论文修改; 何淑旺和颜世强提供实验所需化合物; 李平平指导实验设计及论文撰写与修改。
利益冲突: 全体作者声明不存在任何利益冲突。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(81770800)
  • 中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程(2021-I2M-1-016)
  • 中国医学科学院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费(2018RC350004)
  • 北京高校卓越青年科学家计划项目(BJJWZYJH01201910023028)
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2022年第57卷第11期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0129
  • 接收时间:2022-01-27
  • 首发时间:2025-12-24
  • 出版时间:2022-11-12
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  • 收稿日期:2022-01-27
  • 修回日期:2022-05-10
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(81770800)
中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程(2021-I2M-1-016)
中国医学科学院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费(2018RC350004)
北京高校卓越青年科学家计划项目(BJJWZYJH01201910023028)
作者信息
    1.中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室, 北京 100050
    2.山东达因海洋生物制药有限公司, 山东 威海 264333

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Genus
种数
Number of
species
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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