Article(id=1210516753273189082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210516741998907791, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0435, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1650211200000, receivedDateStr=2022-04-18, revisedDate=1657814400000, revisedDateStr=2022-07-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766539284294, onlineDateStr=2025-12-24, pubDate=1665504000000, pubDateStr=2022-10-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766539284294, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766539284294, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766539284294, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1210516741998907791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2022', volume='57', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='3258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766539281606, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766539576214, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210517977762500872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210516741998907791, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210517977762500873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210516741998907791, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3106, endPage=3114, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1210516755005436697, articleId=1210516753273189082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Higenamine attenuates isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction via regulating METTL3/TFEB pathway, columnId=1210516747279536651, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Special Reports Ⅱ: Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-cerebrovascular Related Diseases, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this study, we investigated the pharmacological effect and possible molecular mechanism of higenamine (HG) in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction (MI). All procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine. ISO was used to induce MI model in rats and H9c2 cells. The effects of HG on biomarkers and cardiac function in MI rats were evaluated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), echocardiography and hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE). The expression of apoptosis and autophagy related proteins were detected by Western blot in myocardial tissue and H9c2 cells, as well as methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) and transcription factor EB (TFEB) protein expression. Molecular docking was used to evaluate the interaction between HG and METTL3. The results showed that HG significantly improved cardiac function and pathologic changes in ISO-induced MI, and inhibited the levels of MI-related biomarkers such as creatine kinase Mb (CK-MB), creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Mechanism studies showed that HG inhibited the expression of apoptosis-related proteins (Bax/Bcl2, caspase3, cleaved-caspase3). Interestingly, HG up-regulated the expression of autophagy related protein Beclin1, promoted autophagy flux, and decreased the ratio of light chain 3B-I/light chain 3B-II (LC-3B-I/LC-3B-II). Further studies found that HG increased the autophagy regulator TFEB and inhibited METTL3 expression. Molecular docking results showed that HG had a good interaction with METTL3. Taken together, HG has a potential anti-MI effect via regulating METTL3/TFEB signaling pathway-mediated autophagy.

, correspAuthors=Zhong-qiu LIU, Yuan-yuan CHENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2022 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Bao-ping XIE, Yi-xin GUO, Man-yi YE, Xu-can HUANG, Xu-ping LI, Pei-cheng ZHONG, Da-wei WANG, Zhong-qiu LIU, Yuan-yuan CHENG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1210516757538795563, articleId=1210516753273189082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=去甲乌药碱调控METTL3/TFEB通路抗异丙肾上腺素诱导大鼠心肌梗死, columnId=1210516747543777820, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=专题报道Ⅱ:中药防治心脑相关疾病, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究探讨了去甲乌药碱(higenamine, HG) 抗异丙肾上腺素(isoproterenol, ISO) 诱导心肌梗死的药理作用和分子机制。动物实验遵循广州中医药大学实验动物福利与伦理相关规定。采用ISO处理H9c2细胞和诱导大鼠心肌梗死模型, 用ELISA、超声心动、HE染色、Western blot和TUNEL染色等方法评价HG对心肌梗死大鼠心脏功能指标和病理形态学的影响, 以及细胞凋亡、自噬和甲基转移酶样3 (methyltransferase-like 3, METTL3)/转录因子EB (transcription factor EB, TFEB) 信号通路相关蛋白的表达, 并用分子对接技术阐明HG与METTL3之间的相互作用。结果表明: HG可显著改善ISO诱导的心肌梗死大鼠心脏组织病理形态学, 上调左室射血分数和左室短轴缩短率, 抑制肌酸激酶同工酶CK-MB (creatine kinase Mb) 和CK (creatine kinase), 以及乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase, LDH) 水平。同时, HG可显著提高ISO诱导H9c2细胞存活率和抑制H9c2细胞凋亡。机制研究发现, HG可抑制凋亡相关蛋白(Bax/Bcl2、caspase3、cleaved-caspase3) 表达, 上调Bcl2结合蛋白Beclin1的表达, 上调细胞自噬通量, 降低自噬微管相关蛋白轻链3B (light chain 3B, LC-3B)-I/LC-3B-II的比值。进一步研究发现, HG上调自噬调节转录因子TFEB的表达, 抑制其上游靶点METTL3的表达, 且分子对接结果显示HG与METTL3有良好的相互作用。本研究表明, HG具有良好的抗心肌细胞凋亡、改善心肌梗死的作用, 其机制可能与调控METTL3/TFEB信号通路介导心肌细胞自噬有关。

, correspAuthors=刘中秋, 程媛媛, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*刘中秋, Tel: 86-20-39358061, E-mail: ;
程媛媛, Tel: 86-20-39358701, E-mail:
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Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan 528333, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210516759405260922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516753273189082, companyId=1210516759388483702, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.广州中医药大学顺德医院, 广东 佛山 528333)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1210516765533139503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516753273189082, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=zQwF/a/hSpRXOnn/UxO6Ww==, figureFileBig=Fxwp38RsV44ugvFdTGyyXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516765675745849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516753273189082, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= The chemical structure of higenamine (HG) , figureFileSmall=zQwF/a/hSpRXOnn/UxO6Ww==, figureFileBig=Fxwp38RsV44ugvFdTGyyXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516765885461063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516753273189082, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=YoxPiWi9f20fDAaGh62mMA==, figureFileBig=21cz+fIYw1btGbrP1Q/xlw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516766007095886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516753273189082, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= HG improves cardiac function and histopathology in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction (MI) rats. A: Evaluation of ventricular ejection fraction and systolic function by echocardiography in rats with MI. FS: Fractional shortening; EF: Ejection fraction; Val: Valsartan; B: The levels of creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase Mb (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); C: Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining of myocardial tissue. Scale bar: 20 μm. <i>n</i> = 6, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \overline{x} $</span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> model , figureFileSmall=YoxPiWi9f20fDAaGh62mMA==, figureFileBig=21cz+fIYw1btGbrP1Q/xlw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516766103564884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516753273189082, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=mq59i+nP4JrhLdGcsdoR/Q==, figureFileBig=F2c9nEyIaoKvYIIgnPe3SQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516766200033886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516753273189082, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= Effect of HG on ISO-induced H9c2 cells. A: The cytotoxicity of HG on H9c2 cells was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8); B: The effect of ISO on H9c2 cells was detected by CCK-8; C: The effect of HG on ISO-induced H9c2 cells was detected by CCK-8. <i>n</i> = 4, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \overline{x} $</span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> model; <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>###</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control , figureFileSmall=mq59i+nP4JrhLdGcsdoR/Q==, figureFileBig=F2c9nEyIaoKvYIIgnPe3SQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516766313280095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516753273189082, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=AN+HyRD7XcV/Bwz/V1jW0Q==, figureFileBig=EufXsB5JEVkccNsJXWR0MQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516766434914923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516753273189082, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= The effect of HG on H9c2 apoptosis. A: HG up-regulated the expression of Bcl2/Bax and inhibited the expression of caspase3 and cleaved-caspase3 in rats with MI (<i>n</i> = 6); B: HG up-regulated the expression of Bcl2/Bax and inhibited the expression of caspase3 and cleaved-caspase3 in H9c2 cells (<i>n</i> = 3); C: Apoptosis of H9c2 cells was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining (<i>n</i> = 3). Scale bar: 100 μm. <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \overline{x} $</span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> model. DAPI: 4', 6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole , figureFileSmall=AN+HyRD7XcV/Bwz/V1jW0Q==, figureFileBig=EufXsB5JEVkccNsJXWR0MQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516766514606705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516753273189082, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=09o1xERCtA5BxZTxt2TsuA==, figureFileBig=aDuLo5T1Vg+c9WeRZmnFfA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516766636241531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516753273189082, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= The effect of HG on autophagy. A: HG up-regulated the expression of Beclin1 and reduced the ratio of light chain 3B (LC-3B)-I/LC-3B-II in myocardial tissue induced by ISO. <i>n</i> = 6, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \overline{x} $</span> ± <i>s</i>; B: HG up-regulated the expression of Beclin1 and reduced the ratio of LC-3B-I/LC-3B-II in ISO-induced H9c2 cells. <i>n</i> = 3, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \overline{x} $</span> ± <i>s</i>; C: HG (10 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup>) up-regulated the autophagy flux in ISO-induced 293T cells. Scale bar: 5 μm. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> model. GFP: Green fluorescent protein; REF: Red fluorescence , figureFileSmall=09o1xERCtA5BxZTxt2TsuA==, figureFileBig=aDuLo5T1Vg+c9WeRZmnFfA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516766732710530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516753273189082, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=aT7wawGtBxbwpPNHo9D+BA==, figureFileBig=0JqatxKOAK31b9GC9WtWfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516766816596615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516753273189082, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption= The effect of HG on the expression of methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) and transcription factor EB (TFEB) in ISO-treated myocardial tissue and H9c2 cells. A: Expression of METTL3 and TFEB in myocardial tissue induced by ISO. <i>n</i> = 6, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \overline{x} $</span> ± <i>s</i>; B: Expression of METTL3 and TFEB in H9c2 cells induced by ISO. <i>n</i> = 3, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \overline{x} $</span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> model , figureFileSmall=aT7wawGtBxbwpPNHo9D+BA==, figureFileBig=0JqatxKOAK31b9GC9WtWfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516766925648526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516753273189082, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=t7BoMLMNDnANJpHGQ/WfkA==, figureFileBig=o2fQ6YsyUSsJGEGEkEGA5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516768141996694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516753273189082, language=CN, label=Figure 7, caption= Molecular docking of HG and METTL3 (PDB: 5IL2) , 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去甲乌药碱调控METTL3/TFEB通路抗异丙肾上腺素诱导大鼠心肌梗死
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谢保平 1, 2 , 郭奕鑫 3 , 叶曼仪 1 , 黄旭灿 3 , 李旭平 1 , 钟沛成 1 , 王大伟 4 , 刘中秋 1, 4, * , 程媛媛 1, 4, *
药学学报 | 专题报道Ⅱ:中药防治心脑相关疾病 2022,57(10): 3106-3114
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药学学报 | 专题报道Ⅱ:中药防治心脑相关疾病 2022, 57(10): 3106-3114
去甲乌药碱调控METTL3/TFEB通路抗异丙肾上腺素诱导大鼠心肌梗死
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谢保平1, 2, 郭奕鑫3, 叶曼仪1, 黄旭灿3, 李旭平1, 钟沛成1, 王大伟4, 刘中秋1, 4, * , 程媛媛1, 4, *
作者信息
  • 1.广州中医药大学中药学院, 广东 广州 511400
  • 2.赣南医学院心脑血管疾病防治教育部重点实验室, 江西 赣州 341000
  • 3.广州中医药大学基础医学院, 广东 广州 511400
  • 4.广州中医药大学顺德医院, 广东 佛山 528333

通讯作者:

*刘中秋, Tel: 86-20-39358061, E-mail: ;
程媛媛, Tel: 86-20-39358701, E-mail:
Higenamine attenuates isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction via regulating METTL3/TFEB pathway
Bao-ping XIE1, 2, Yi-xin GUO3, Man-yi YE1, Xu-can HUANG3, Xu-ping LI1, Pei-cheng ZHONG1, Da-wei WANG4, Zhong-qiu LIU1, 4, * , Yuan-yuan CHENG1, 4, *
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 511400, China
  • 2. Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
  • 3. School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 511400, China
  • 4. Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan 528333, China
出版时间: 2022-10-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0435
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本研究探讨了去甲乌药碱(higenamine, HG) 抗异丙肾上腺素(isoproterenol, ISO) 诱导心肌梗死的药理作用和分子机制。动物实验遵循广州中医药大学实验动物福利与伦理相关规定。采用ISO处理H9c2细胞和诱导大鼠心肌梗死模型, 用ELISA、超声心动、HE染色、Western blot和TUNEL染色等方法评价HG对心肌梗死大鼠心脏功能指标和病理形态学的影响, 以及细胞凋亡、自噬和甲基转移酶样3 (methyltransferase-like 3, METTL3)/转录因子EB (transcription factor EB, TFEB) 信号通路相关蛋白的表达, 并用分子对接技术阐明HG与METTL3之间的相互作用。结果表明: HG可显著改善ISO诱导的心肌梗死大鼠心脏组织病理形态学, 上调左室射血分数和左室短轴缩短率, 抑制肌酸激酶同工酶CK-MB (creatine kinase Mb) 和CK (creatine kinase), 以及乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase, LDH) 水平。同时, HG可显著提高ISO诱导H9c2细胞存活率和抑制H9c2细胞凋亡。机制研究发现, HG可抑制凋亡相关蛋白(Bax/Bcl2、caspase3、cleaved-caspase3) 表达, 上调Bcl2结合蛋白Beclin1的表达, 上调细胞自噬通量, 降低自噬微管相关蛋白轻链3B (light chain 3B, LC-3B)-I/LC-3B-II的比值。进一步研究发现, HG上调自噬调节转录因子TFEB的表达, 抑制其上游靶点METTL3的表达, 且分子对接结果显示HG与METTL3有良好的相互作用。本研究表明, HG具有良好的抗心肌细胞凋亡、改善心肌梗死的作用, 其机制可能与调控METTL3/TFEB信号通路介导心肌细胞自噬有关。

去甲乌药碱  /  心肌梗死  /  凋亡  /  自噬  /  甲基转移酶样3

In this study, we investigated the pharmacological effect and possible molecular mechanism of higenamine (HG) in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction (MI). All procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine. ISO was used to induce MI model in rats and H9c2 cells. The effects of HG on biomarkers and cardiac function in MI rats were evaluated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), echocardiography and hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE). The expression of apoptosis and autophagy related proteins were detected by Western blot in myocardial tissue and H9c2 cells, as well as methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) and transcription factor EB (TFEB) protein expression. Molecular docking was used to evaluate the interaction between HG and METTL3. The results showed that HG significantly improved cardiac function and pathologic changes in ISO-induced MI, and inhibited the levels of MI-related biomarkers such as creatine kinase Mb (CK-MB), creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Mechanism studies showed that HG inhibited the expression of apoptosis-related proteins (Bax/Bcl2, caspase3, cleaved-caspase3). Interestingly, HG up-regulated the expression of autophagy related protein Beclin1, promoted autophagy flux, and decreased the ratio of light chain 3B-I/light chain 3B-II (LC-3B-I/LC-3B-II). Further studies found that HG increased the autophagy regulator TFEB and inhibited METTL3 expression. Molecular docking results showed that HG had a good interaction with METTL3. Taken together, HG has a potential anti-MI effect via regulating METTL3/TFEB signaling pathway-mediated autophagy.

higenamine  /  myocardial infarction  /  apoptosis  /  autophagy  /  methyltransferase-like 3
谢保平, 郭奕鑫, 叶曼仪, 黄旭灿, 李旭平, 钟沛成, 王大伟, 刘中秋, 程媛媛. 去甲乌药碱调控METTL3/TFEB通路抗异丙肾上腺素诱导大鼠心肌梗死. 药学学报, 2022 , 57 (10) : 3106 -3114 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0435
Bao-ping XIE, Yi-xin GUO, Man-yi YE, Xu-can HUANG, Xu-ping LI, Pei-cheng ZHONG, Da-wei WANG, Zhong-qiu LIU, Yuan-yuan CHENG. Higenamine attenuates isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction via regulating METTL3/TFEB pathway[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2022 , 57 (10) : 3106 -3114 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0435
心肌梗死是一种常见的心血管疾病, 常伴有心律失常、心力衰竭和心肌纤维化等症状, 其患病率和死亡率保持总体上升趋势[1]。目前临床上对于急性心肌梗死的治疗常采用溶栓药物和介入治疗。然而, 该方法往往会造成心肌缺血再灌注损伤, 从而增加心力衰竭的风险[2]。因此, 探讨心肌梗死的发病机制及有效治疗药物具有十分重要的临床意义。
去甲乌药碱(higenamine, HG, 图 1) 是从附子中分离出的一种苄基异喹啉类生物碱, 具有强心、改善心率过缓、抗心肌纤维化、舒张血管和减轻心肌缺血-再灌注损伤的作用[3]。HG化学结构与儿茶酚胺相似, 可激活β-肾上腺素能受体(β-adrenergic receptors, β-AR) 产生正性变时和正性变力作用, 并通过激活β2-AR/phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase信号通路保护缺血再灌注诱导的心肌损伤和心肌凋亡[4-6]。然而, HG在ISO诱导的心肌梗死上的药理作用机制尚未阐明。
近年来, 有研究表明[7], RNA m6A修饰与心血管疾病的发生发展相关, 而甲基转化酶样3 (methyltransferase-like 3, METTL3) 和转录因子EB (transcription factor EB, TFEB) 对缺血性心脏疾病的心肌细胞保护发挥重要作用。TFEB是METTL3下游的关键靶基因, METTL3可通过催化TFEB pre-mRNA的m6A甲基化, 促进心肌细胞中RNA结合蛋白异质核糖核蛋白(HNRNPD) 与TFEB pre-mRNA的结合, 从而降低TFEB mRNA表达, 促进心肌细胞凋亡[8]。与此同时, METTL3的上调抑制了细胞自噬通量, 并促进了经缺氧/再灌注(H/R) 处理的心肌细胞的凋亡, 提示METTL3是自噬的负调节因子[8]
本研究采用ISO诱导H9c2细胞和大鼠心肌梗死模型, 评价了HG对ISO诱导的心肌梗死大鼠心脏功能的影响, 以及HG对心肌细胞凋亡、自噬相关蛋白表达和自噬通量的影响, 以阐明HG通过METTL3/TFEB调控心肌细胞自噬, 抑制心肌细胞凋亡发挥抗心肌梗死的作用机制。
试剂与耗材   HG (批号M0701A, 纯度≥ 99%, 美仑生物科技有限公司); ISO (批号CK030004, 纯度≥ 99%, 安耐吉化学公司); 缬沙坦(valsartn, 批号FY18E7052, 纯度≥ 95%, 飞宇生物科技有限公司); 抗体anti-caspase3 (货号9662s)、anti-Beclin1 (货号3495T) (美国CST公司); 抗体anti-cleaved-caspase3 (货号AF7022, Affinity公司); 抗体anti-LC-3B (light chain 3B) (货号bs-2912R, Bioss公司); 抗体anti-Bcl2 (货号A00040-1)、anti-Bax (货号BM3964) (博士德生物科技有限公司); 抗体anti-METTL3 (货号k005791p)、考马斯亮蓝(货号PC0015)、青/链霉素混合液(货号P1400) (北京索莱宝生物科技有限公司); 抗体anti-TFEB (货号AF8130, 碧云天公司); 抗体anti-β-tubulin (货号GB11017)、RIPA裂解液(货号G2002) (赛维尔生物公司); 乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase, LDH, 货号BYE20042)、肌酸激酶同工酶CK-MB (creatine kinase Mb, 货号BYE20043) 和CK (creatine kinase, 货号BYE20781) 的ELISA试剂盒(上海邦奕生物技术有限公司); CCK-8 (cell counting kit-8, 批号GK10001, 美国GLPBIO公司); 一步法Western blot制胶试剂盒(货号PG212, 上海雅酶生物科技有限公司); 超灵敏化学发光液(货号G3308, 广州捷倍斯生物科技有限公司); TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling) 染色试剂盒(货号FA201, 全式金生物技术有限公司); pREF-GFP-hLC3质粒(货号V2153, 长沙优宝生物公司); Lipofectamine 2000转染试剂(2067563, 美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司); DMEM (C11995500BT)、胎牛血清(10270-106) (美国Gibco公司); 牛血清白蛋白(BS114)、激光共聚焦小皿(BS-15-GJM) (Biosharp公司)。
动物与细胞   雄性SD (Sprague Dawley) 大鼠, 12周龄, 体重220~250 g, 购自南方医科大学, 实验动物许可证编号SCXK (粤) 2016-0041, 动物实验获得广州中医药大学实验动物伦理委员会的批准(编号ZYD-2020-142)。H9c2细胞和HEK-293T细胞来自ATCC细胞库。
仪器   酶标仪(型号Varioskan Lux, 美国赛默飞公司); 高速冷冻离心机(型号H1605R, 湖南湘仪公司); 恒温金属浴(型号TU-10, 上海一恒科技有限公司); 电泳仪(型号EPS600, 中国天能公司); 超高分辨率小动物超声影像系统(型号vevo2100, 美国Visualsonics公司); 激光共聚焦显微镜(型号SP8, 德国徕卡公司)。
动物实验   用ISO (100 mg·kg-1) 诱导SD大鼠心肌梗死模型。实验分为对照组、造模组、HG (10 mg·kg-1) 组、HG (20 mg·kg-1) 组、HG (40 mg·kg-1) 组和缬沙坦(valsartan, 10 mg·kg-1) 组。HG和缬沙坦用生理盐水∶丙二醇(1∶1) 溶解, ISO用生理盐水为溶剂, HG组和缬沙坦组灌胃相应剂量药物, 模型组和对照组给予等体积的生理盐水∶丙二醇(1∶1) 溶剂, 每天灌胃1次, 连续预给药5天, 在第6天和第7天灌胃给药6 h后, 模型组和给药组皮下注射ISO, 对照组给予等体积生理盐水。第8天采用超高分辨率小动物超声影像系统对大鼠心脏进行超声检测, 检测左室短轴缩短率(left ventricular fractional shortening, LVFS) 和左室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEF); 同时取大鼠血清, 分装保存于-80 ℃, 用于后续ELISA检测。大鼠心脏用于HE染色和Western blot检测。
细胞培养   将H9c2细胞和HEK-293T细胞培养于含10%或15%胎牛血清、1%青/链霉素的DMEM高糖培养基中, 在37 ℃、5% CO2条件下培养, 取传代培养3代的细胞用于后续实验。
CCK-8检测   将H9c2细胞种于96孔板, 5×103个/孔, 分为如下组别: 溶剂组、对照组、HG (0.612 5、1.25、2.5、5、10、20、40、80、100 μmol·L-1) 组; 或对照组、ISO (9.375、18.75、37.5、75、150、300、600、1 200 μmol·L-1) 组; 或对照组、模型组、模型组+ HG (1.25、2.5、5、10、20、40、80、100 μmol·L-1) 组。细胞贴壁后, 用相应的含药培养基刺激24 h, 去除原培养基, 加入含ISO (300 μmol·L-1) 的培养基培养24 h。每孔加入10 μL CCK-8试剂, 37 ℃避光孵育2 h后, 采用酶标仪在450 nm波长下检测各孔光密度(A) 值并计算细胞增殖率[细胞增殖率= (A实验组 - A溶剂组)/(A对照组 - A溶剂组) × 100%]。
ELISA检测   将大鼠血清从-80 ℃取出, 按ELISA试剂盒说明书所示操作, 每个标准品和样品重复3个复孔, 在450 nm波长下测各组A值, 并根据标准曲线方程式计算各组指标浓度。
HE (hematoxylin-eosin) 染色   心脏超声检测完成后, 立即处死大鼠, 分离左心室组织, 4%多聚甲醛固定过夜, 脱水、透化、浸蜡、包埋和切片。取切片脱蜡, 复水后, 分别用苏木精和伊红进行染色, 脱水后, 用加拿大树脂进行封片, 风干后于显微镜下观察组织情况。
TUNEL染色   将H9c2细胞种于24孔板, 1×104个/孔, 实验分为对照组、模型组、HG (2.5、5、10 μmol·L-1) 组和缬沙坦组(10 μmol·L-1), 细胞贴壁24 h后, 用相应的含药培养基刺激24 h, 去除原培养基, 加入含ISO (300 μmol·L-1) 的培养基培养24 h, 细胞用4%多聚甲醛固定30 min, 按试剂盒说明书进行TUNEL染色和DAPI (4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) 染核, 在显微镜下观察, TUNEL染色为绿色荧光, DAPI染色为蓝色, 并拍照保存。
Western blot实验   将上述分组的H9c2细胞和心肌组织匀浆用RIPA裂解液在冰上裂解30 min, 并用Bradford法测各组蛋白浓度, 每组取160 μg蛋白在95 ℃下变性10 min, 并置于-20 ℃保存备用。蛋白样品经电泳后转印至PVDF膜, 用5%牛血清白蛋白室温封闭1.5 h; 用caspase3、cleaved-caspase3、LC-3B、Bcl2、Bax、Beclin1、METTL3、TFEB、β-tubulin的一抗, 4 ℃孵育过夜; 用TBST清洗3次, 每次15 min, 加入辣根过氧化物酶标记的二抗于室温孵育1 h; TBST洗3次, 每次15 min, 加入超灵敏化学发光液化学发光显色底物, 化学发光成像系统中成像, 然后采用Image J (v1.8.0) 软件测定各蛋白条带的灰度值, 以目的蛋白和内参β-tubulin蛋白条带的灰度值表示目的蛋白的表达水平。
质粒转染   将状态良好的293T细胞种于激光共聚焦小皿, 每孔1×105个, 贴壁24 h后, 转染pREF-GFP-hLC3质粒, 按试剂盒说明书操作, 转染6 h后更换新鲜的含HG (10 μmol·L-1) 的培养基预处理24 h, 用ISO (300 μmol·L-1) 处理24 h, 4%多聚甲醛固定20 min, 用磷酸盐缓冲液洗3次, 每次5 min, 0.3% Triton X-100通透细胞膜5 min, 用DAPI染细胞核5 min, 并用激光共聚焦显微镜观察HG对293T细胞自噬的影响。
分子对接   通过PubChem数据库(https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) 获取HG的2D化学结构, 在PDB数据库(https://www.rcsb.org/) 中查找METTL3蛋白3D结构(PDB: 5IL2), 通过Autodock 4.0软件对蛋白和小分子进行加氢加电荷等对接前处理, 并进行分子对接, 获取结合能最高的位点, 最后通过PyMOL (2.3.0) 软件进行可视化处理。
统计学分析   本实验数据采用平均值±标准差($ \overline{x} $ ± s) 表示, 所有实验均在3次及以上重复。采用GraphPad Prism 8.0软件, 单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA) 进行统计分析, P < 0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
ISO是心肌梗死动物模型的经典造模药物, 在ISO模型大鼠中心脏左室射血分数(ejection fraction, EF) 值与左室短轴缩短率(fractional shortening, FS) 值显著降低, 反映了左心室收缩功能下降, 但给予HG处理可提高EF与FS值(图 2A), 增强该模型大鼠左心室收缩功能。此外, 模型组血清中CK、CK-MB和LDH水平显著升高, 给予HG预处理可显著降低血清中CK、CK-MB和LDH水平(图 2B); 同时模型组心肌细胞结构异常, 间隙较大, 细胞排列紊乱; 缬沙坦组心肌细胞结构较为正常, 细胞排列整齐, HG各组随着药物剂量的升高, 心肌细胞结构及间隙趋于完整, 表明HG可减少心脏组织炎性浸润和心肌细胞排列紊乱(图 2C), 提示HG具有良好的抗ISO诱导的大鼠心肌梗死作用。
为了进一步阐明HG对ISO诱导的心肌梗死的影响, 用ISO处理H9c2细胞。如图 3A所示, HG在80 μmol·L-1及更低浓度时, 对H9c2细胞活力无影响; 在100 μmol·L-1显示出一定毒性(P < 0.05)。随后, 筛选了ISO造模浓度, 如图 3B所示, ISO可显著抑制H9c2细胞活力(P < 0.01)。根据其抑制效果, 选用300 μmol·L-1的ISO处理H9c2细胞。如图 3C所示, HG可显著提高H9c2细胞存活率, 但从20 μmol·L-1开始随着HG剂量的增高, 活性并未增加, 这可能是高剂量的HG和ISO共同作用对细胞产生了抑制作用。结果表明, HG在浓度为2.5、5和10 μmol·L-1时, 可剂量依赖性地提高H9c2活性(P < 0.001)。因此, 选用这3个浓度用于后续细胞实验。
在ISO处理的H9c2和大鼠心肌梗死中常伴随着心肌细胞凋亡, 特别是在急性心肌梗死的缺血区[9]。因此, 进一步检测了HG对凋亡相关蛋白的影响。结果表明, 在动物水平上, 模型组Bcl2/Bax的比值降低, 而caspase3、cleaved-caspase3的表达显著升高(P < 0.01); HG可剂量依赖性地上调Bcl2/Bax比值, 且高剂量组(40 mg·kg-1) 与阳性药缬沙坦(10 mg·kg-1) 效果相当(图 4A), 同时中剂量HG (20 mg·kg-1) 可抑制caspase3、cleaved-caspase3的表达和caspase3/cleaved-caspase3的比值。在细胞水平上, HG同样可剂量依赖性地上调Bcl2/Bax比值, 并抑制caspase3、cleaved-caspase3的表达和caspase3/cleaved-caspase3的比值(图 4B)。此外, 用TUNEL染色进一步验证HG对ISO诱导的H9c2凋亡的影响, 结果表明各浓度的HG可显著抑制ISO诱导的心肌细胞凋亡, 并具有剂量依赖性(图 4C)。
自噬是一种进化保守的细胞内降解过程, 通过清除受损蛋白质和细胞器维持细胞内稳态, 通常激活心肌细胞自噬在心肌梗死的早期阶段具有保护作用, 抑制心肌细胞自噬可能加速心脏老化[10, 11]。因此, 进一步检测了HG对自噬标志物LC-3B-I/LC-3B-II和Beclin1表达的影响。结果表明, 中、高剂量HG (20、40 mg·kg-1) 显著上调ISO诱导的大鼠心肌组织中Beclin1的表达, 且中剂量HG (20 mg·kg-1) 显著降低LC-3B-I/LC-3B-II的比值(图 5A)。在ISO处理的H9c2细胞中(图 5B), 各浓度的HG均可增加Beclin1的表达, 降低LC-3B-I/LC-3B-II的比值, 并具有剂量依赖性。同时, 用pREF-GFP-hLC3质粒转染293T细胞, 用激光共聚焦显微镜观察HG对293T细胞自噬通量的影响。结果表明, HG组(10 μmol·L-1) 绿色荧光显著降低, 红色荧光增强(图 5C), 提示自噬小体与溶酶体融合形成了自噬溶酶体, 即HG可能会促进ISO诱导的心肌自噬和自噬通量。
TFEB作为重要的转录因子, 能通过驱动自噬和溶酶体基因的表达来协调自噬过程, METTL3是TFEB的上游靶点, METTL3可通过催化TFEB pre-mRNA的m6A甲基化, 抑制TFEB的表达。本研究检测了HG对ISO诱导的大鼠心肌梗死和H9c2细胞中METTL3和TFEB的表达。结果表明, 在动物的心肌组织中(图 6A), ISO可上调METTL3的表达并抑制TFEB的表达, 中、高剂量的HG (20、40 mg·kg-1) 和缬沙坦(10 mg·kg-1) 均可抑制METTL3表达, 并剂量依赖性地上调TFEB的表达; 在H9c2细胞中(图 6B), HG剂量依赖性地抑制METTL3的表达并上调TFEB的表达。这些结果表明HG可能通过METTL3/TFEB通路介导心肌细胞自噬而发挥抗心肌梗死作用。
用Autodock 4.1软件将HG与METTL3模拟对接, 结果表明, HG与METTL3在酪氨酸(406)、脯氨酸(397) 和苯丙氨酸(534) 等位点的氨基酸残基具有p-π共轭作用, 与天冬酰胺(549) 和天冬氨酸(395) 有氢键相互作用, 其结合能为-7.9 kcal·mol-1 (图 7), 提示HG与METTL3有良好的相互作用。
ISO是非选择性β1β2受体激动剂, 高剂量的ISO过度激活心脏β受体, 使心率加快、心肌收缩力和心肌耗氧量增加, 从而导致氧化应激、血小板聚集、心肌细胞钙超载、氧自由基增加, 最终导致心肌梗死[12]。因此, ISO刺激是造心肌梗死模型的经典方法, 与其他心肌梗死造模方法相比, 用ISO造模具有快速、简单、无创、死亡率低和成模率高的特点, 并能产生与人类急性心肌梗死类似的心肌损伤, 更适合于心脏保护药物的评价[13]。本研究通过ISO建立心肌梗死大鼠模型, 并用不同浓度的HG预处理模型大鼠, 结果显示, HG可显著改善心肌梗死大鼠左室EF和FS水平, 提示HG预处理可提高心肌梗死大鼠心脏功能及血流动力学。此外, HG不良反应轻、耐受性好, HG作为冠状动脉疾病(CADs) 的候选药物在我国完成了III期临床试验[14], 因此, 其体内外安全性和有效性得到充分的验证。
当机体出现缺血-再灌注损伤、心肌梗死和缺血性心肌病时, 常导致线粒体及细胞膜损伤, 增加细胞膜的通透性, 促进CK、CK-MB、LDH释放入血[15]。因此, 临床上将CK-MB、LDH和CK等作为评估心肌损伤指标之一[2]。此外, 心肌缺血、缺氧等均可诱导心肌细胞凋亡, 且在心肌梗死区域中心的心肌细胞的凋亡率明显升高, 减少心肌细胞凋亡可减少心肌梗死面积, 并延缓心室重构[16]。有效减少心肌细胞凋亡成为治疗心肌梗死的主要途径。HG可显著抑制缺血-再灌注诱导的心肌损伤和凋亡的作用[4-6]。本研究证实HG可显著降低ISO诱导的心肌梗死模型大鼠血清中CK-MB、LDH和CK含量, 减少心肌组织炎性浸润, 抑制心肌细胞凋亡相关生物标志物的表达, 具有良好的抗心肌梗死的作用。
自噬发生时, 隔离膜延伸并包裹封闭胞浆成分以形成双层膜结构的自噬小体, 其与溶酶体融合形成自噬溶酶体, 其中包裹的胞质成分最终在溶酶体酶的作用下被降解利用。本研究发现HG显著上调自噬标志物Beclin1的表达, 降低LC-3B-I/LC-3B-II比值。同时, 用双荧光标记的LC3质粒转染HEK-293T细胞, 结果显示, HG可上调ISO诱导的HEK-293T细胞的自噬通量, 提示HG可能通过介导ISO诱导的心肌细胞自噬调节心肌梗死的作用。
m6A甲基化是真核生物中普遍存在的发生在腺嘌呤第6位N原子上的甲基化修饰。m6A在m6A甲基转移酶、m6A去甲基化酶和甲基化识别蛋白共同调节下影响着mRNA的剪接、转录、翻译和降解, 进而参与调节细胞分化、胚胎发育和疾病发生的功能[17, 18]。心脏m6A甲基化是动态过程, METTL3是调节心脏m6A甲基化的关键甲基化酶, 研究表明[8, 19], 心脏特异性METTL3敲除小鼠会表现出衰老和应激引起的心力衰竭征兆, 且METTL3在心肌梗死患者和缺血再灌注小鼠的心肌组织中表达显著上调。转录因子TFEB通过驱动自噬和溶酶体基因的表达来协调自噬过程[20], 且TFEB是METTL3下游的关键靶点, METTL3可通过催化TFEB pre-mRNA的m6A甲基化, 降低TFEB mRNA表达并促进心肌细胞凋亡[8]。本研究发现ISO可上调METTL3的表达, 抑制自噬相关蛋白的表达, 给予HG预处理后, TFEB的表达显著上调, 而METTL3的表达被抑制, 提示HG通过调控METTL3/TFEB信号通路介导心肌细胞自噬发挥抗心肌梗死的作用。此外, 用分子对接方式证实HG与MELLT3在酪氨酸(406)、脯氨酸(397) 和苯丙氨酸(534) 等多个位点上有良好的相互作用。
综上, 本研究表明HG可改善心肌梗死情况及心功能指标, 抑制心肌细胞凋亡, 具有良好的抗心肌梗死作用, 其分子作用机制可能与调控METTL3/TFEB信号通路介导心肌细胞自噬有关。
作者贡献: 刘中秋、程媛媛、王大伟负责实验设计、指导论文撰写和修改; 郭奕鑫、叶曼仪、黄旭灿、李旭平、钟沛成负责动物实验造模、取材、HE染色和超声心动图等; 谢保平负责Western blot、TUNEL染色、ELISA等分子生物学实验, 以及论文撰写和数据分析。
利益冲突: 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(82074053)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(82174156)
  • 广东省重点领域研发计划“岭南中医药现代化”重点专项项目(2020B1111100004)
  • 广东省大学生创新训练项目(S202110572124)
  • 赣南医学院心脑血管疾病防治教育部重点实验室开放基金(XN202025)
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2022年第57卷第10期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0435
  • 接收时间:2022-04-18
  • 首发时间:2025-12-24
  • 出版时间:2022-10-12
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  • 收稿日期:2022-04-18
  • 修回日期:2022-07-15
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(82074053)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(82174156)
广东省重点领域研发计划“岭南中医药现代化”重点专项项目(2020B1111100004)
广东省大学生创新训练项目(S202110572124)
赣南医学院心脑血管疾病防治教育部重点实验室开放基金(XN202025)
作者信息
    1.广州中医药大学中药学院, 广东 广州 511400
    2.赣南医学院心脑血管疾病防治教育部重点实验室, 江西 赣州 341000
    3.广州中医药大学基础医学院, 广东 广州 511400
    4.广州中医药大学顺德医院, 广东 佛山 528333

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*刘中秋, Tel: 86-20-39358061, E-mail: ;
程媛媛, Tel: 86-20-39358701, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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