Article(id=1210516748990812801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210516741998907791, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0860, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1657728000000, receivedDateStr=2022-07-14, revisedDate=1661097600000, revisedDateStr=2022-08-22, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766539283272, onlineDateStr=2025-12-24, pubDate=1665504000000, pubDateStr=2022-10-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766539283272, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766539283272, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766539283272, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1210516741998907791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2022', volume='57', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='3258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766539281606, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766539576214, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210517977762500872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210516741998907791, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210517977762500873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210516741998907791, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3095, endPage=3105, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1210516750437847731, articleId=1210516748990812801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Research of the mechanism of Chuanxiong Qingnao Granules in improving migraine based on network pharmacology and experimental validation, columnId=1210516747279536651, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Special Reports Ⅱ: Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-cerebrovascular Related Diseases, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this study, a research strategy integrating network pharmacology analysis and animal experimental validation was applied to explore the molecular mechanism of Chuanxiong Qingnao Granules (CXQN) in improving migraine headache (MH). All animal experiments were followed the regulation of the Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. Based on the network pharmacology analysis, the 27 active ingredients and their corresponding 940 targets were obtained, and 99 common targets of CXQN in the treatment of MH were obtained by intersection, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), IL-1β, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were screened out as hub targets. Enrichment analysis showed that the targets of CXQN in the treatment of MH were mainly involved in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), phosphoinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt) signaling pathways. In addition, the experimental verification in the MH rat induced by nitroglycerin showed that the CXQN administrated groups could significantly improve the behavioral symptoms and regulate the level of vasoactive substances, and reduce the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, VEGFA, IL-1β, and BDNF at gene and protein levels. This study revealed the multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway characteristics of CXQN in the treatment of MH, and elucidated the potential mechanism of CXQN in the treatment of MH, laying a theoretical foundation and scientific basis for its clinical application in the treatment of MH diseases.

, correspAuthors=Jing-jing ZHANG, Hong-jun YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2022 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jing-yi HOU, Li-qi NI, Liang-liang TIAN, He XU, Guang-zhao CAO, Kun WANG, Bo-wen HOU, Jing-jing ZHANG, Hong-jun YANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1210516752493056933, articleId=1210516748990812801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=基于网络药理学探讨川芎清脑颗粒改善偏头痛作用机制及验证研究, columnId=1210516747543777820, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=专题报道Ⅱ:中药防治心脑相关疾病, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究采用网络药理学分析与动物实验验证相整合的研究策略, 探讨川芎清脑颗粒(Chuanxiong Qingnao Granules, CXQN) 改善偏头痛(migraine headache, MH) 的分子作用机制。动物实验过程均遵循中国中医科学院实验动物伦理委员会的规定。基于网络药理学, 获取27个CXQN的活性成分及对应的940个作用靶点, 交集得到99个CXQN治疗MH的共同靶点, 并筛选出肿瘤坏死因子-α (tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α)、白细胞介素(interleukin, IL)-6、血管内皮生长因子A (vascular endothelial growth factor A, VEGFA)、IL-1β、脑源性神经营养因子(brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF) 等关键靶点, 富集分析表明CXQN治疗MH的靶点主要参与环磷酸腺苷(cyclic adenosine monophosphate, cAMP)、缺氧诱导因子-1 (hypoxia inducible factor-1, HIF-1)、磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶-蛋白激酶B (phosphoinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B, PI3K-Akt) 等信号通路。进一步通过在硝酸甘油诱导的MH大鼠模型中验证发现, CXQN给药组可显著改善模型大鼠的行为学症状及调节血管活性物质水平, 并显著降低TNF-α、IL-6、VEGFA、IL-1β和BDNF的基因和蛋白表达水平。本研究揭示了CXQN治疗MH的多成分、多靶点、多通路的作用特征, 且阐明CXQN治疗MH潜在的作用机制, 为其临床治疗MH疾病应用奠定理论基础和科学依据。

, correspAuthors=张晶晶, 杨洪军, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*杨洪军, Tel: 13910000292, E-mail: ;
张晶晶, Tel: 13910000292, E-mail:
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Curr Protoc Neurosci, 2017, 80: 9601-9609., articleTitle=Animal model of chronic migraine-associated pain, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1210516762005738023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516748990812801, awardId=CI2021B017-03, language=CN, fundingSource=中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021B017-03), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1210516752820212682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516748990812801, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210516752824406987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516748990812801, companyId=1210516752820212682, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210516752895710165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516748990812801, companyId=1210516752820212682, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国中医科学院医学实验中心, 中医药防治重大疾病基础研究北京市重点实验室, 北京 100700)]), AuthorCompany(id=1210516753050899431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516748990812801, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210516753067676650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516748990812801, companyId=1210516753050899431, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210516753071870955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516748990812801, companyId=1210516753050899431, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中国中医科学院中药研究所, 北京 100700)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1210516760042803630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516748990812801, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=67CXHKa7vgJtA4q22pYc4w==, figureFileBig=Ble6TWawQ2K02tGBVo0kYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516760197992892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516748990812801, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= Hub targets screening and functional enrichment. A: The process of the screening of hub targets. a: Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network with degree > 15 and betweenness centrality > 119.3; b: The PPI network with top 5 closeness centrality; B, C: Functional enrichment analysis of targets. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis (B); Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis (C). BP: Biological process; CC: Cellular components; MF: Molecular functions; FDR: False discovery rate , figureFileSmall=67CXHKa7vgJtA4q22pYc4w==, figureFileBig=Ble6TWawQ2K02tGBVo0kYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516760470622667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516748990812801, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=m+84S9rySuZTn+KODdF1cg==, figureFileBig=kC/D4gkPOlGMQCRzhojebg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516760575480273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516748990812801, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Docking stimulation. A: Heatmap of the docking scores of hub targets combining with bioactive compounds in CXQN; B: Molecular docking stimulation of bioactive compound-hub target. a: Panicolin to TNF-<i>α</i> (docking score = -7.73); b: Glabranin to IL-6 (docking score = -5.246); c: Glabranin to IL-1<i>β</i> (docking score = -5.153); d: Glabranin to VEGFA (docking score = -5.892); e: Glabranin to BDNF (docking score = -4.885) , figureFileSmall=m+84S9rySuZTn+KODdF1cg==, figureFileBig=kC/D4gkPOlGMQCRzhojebg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516760663560661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516748990812801, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=2egERWoVpb5mNHkVDt3EHA==, figureFileBig=WB5FNbz0spzpcO5oxLM1Jg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516760739058140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516748990812801, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= CXQN improve migraine headache (MH) symptoms. A: Behavioral observations and pharmacological indexes. a: Comparative study on the duration of ear redness; b: Comparative study on the number of head scratching; c: 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the rat serum. <i>n</i> = 10, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \overline{x} $</span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> the control group (Con); <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> the MH group. Flu: Flunarizine (1.25 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>·d<sup>-1</sup>); CXQN-L, -M, -H: CXQN-low (0.90 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>·d<sup>-1</sup>), -medium (2.70 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>·d<sup>-1</sup>), -high (8.10 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>·d<sup>-1</sup>) groups; B: Pathological changes of the CXQN (8.10 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>·d<sup>-1</sup>) in rat brain tissue after glycerol trinitrate (GTN) induced migraine. a: Control group; b: MH group; c: CXQN-H group. Blue, red, and green arrows indicate the neuron, the inflammatory cell infiltration, and the hemangiectasis, respectively. Scale bar: 100 μm , figureFileSmall=2egERWoVpb5mNHkVDt3EHA==, figureFileBig=WB5FNbz0spzpcO5oxLM1Jg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516760835527138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516748990812801, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=wD39sQjFi006BNXh/ikfQw==, figureFileBig=CoNKVuthjIIt9ZQ+3Gfbng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516760957161958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516748990812801, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= Effect of the CXQN on the mRNA expression in GTN induced migraine. A: TNF-<i>α</i>; B: IL-6; C: VEGFA; D: IL-1<i>β</i>; E: BDNF. <i>n</i> = 3, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \overline{x} $</span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> the control group; <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> the MH group , figureFileSmall=wD39sQjFi006BNXh/ikfQw==, figureFileBig=CoNKVuthjIIt9ZQ+3Gfbng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516761070408171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516748990812801, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=K+svaA23md5rvIzIhmXc3Q==, figureFileBig=O2B3uo0DPZAHoGOxbiqiuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516761183654384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516748990812801, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= Effect of the CXQN on the protein expression in GTN induced migraine. A-C: ELISA results for TNF-<i>α</i> (A), IL-6 (B), and IL-1<i>β</i> (C) (<i>n</i> = 6); D, E: Immunofluorescence for BDNF (D) and VEGFA (E); F, G: Immunofluorescence intensity for BDNF (F) and VEGFA (G) (<i>n</i> = 3). <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \overline{x} $</span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> the control group; <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> the MH group. DAPI: 2-(4-Amidinophenyl)-6-indolecarbamidine dihydrochloride , figureFileSmall=K+svaA23md5rvIzIhmXc3Q==, figureFileBig=O2B3uo0DPZAHoGOxbiqiuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516761275929077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516748990812801, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GeneSequence (5′-3′)
IL-6Forward: TCCAGTTGCCTTCTTGGGAC
Reverse: GTGTAATTAAGCCTCCGACTTG
IL-1βForward: GACCTTCCAGGATGAGGACA
Reverse: AGCTCATATGGGTCCGACAG
TNF-αForward: TAGCCAGGAGGGAGAACAGA
Reverse: TTTTCTGGAGGGAGATGTGG
VEGFAForward: GGAGGATGTCCTCACTTGGA
Reverse: CAAACAGACTTCGGCCTCTC
BDNFForward: GGGTGAAACAAAGTGGCTGT
Reverse: ATGTTGTCAAACGGCACAAA
β-ActinForward: TGTTACCAACTGGGACGACA
Reverse: GGGGTGTTGAAGGTCTCAAA
), ArticleFig(id=1210516761372398074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516748990812801, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

Primers for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). IL: Interleukin; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α; VEGFA: Vascular endothelial growth factor A; BDNF: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GeneSequence (5′-3′)
IL-6Forward: TCCAGTTGCCTTCTTGGGAC
Reverse: GTGTAATTAAGCCTCCGACTTG
IL-1βForward: GACCTTCCAGGATGAGGACA
Reverse: AGCTCATATGGGTCCGACAG
TNF-αForward: TAGCCAGGAGGGAGAACAGA
Reverse: TTTTCTGGAGGGAGATGTGG
VEGFAForward: GGAGGATGTCCTCACTTGGA
Reverse: CAAACAGACTTCGGCCTCTC
BDNFForward: GGGTGAAACAAAGTGGCTGT
Reverse: ATGTTGTCAAACGGCACAAA
β-ActinForward: TGTTACCAACTGGGACGACA
Reverse: GGGGTGTTGAAGGTCTCAAA
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No.CompoundCASOB%DLBBBSource
1Alloisoimperatorin35214-83-634.800.220.43BZ, QH
2Ammidin482-44-034.550.220.92BZ, DH, FF, QH
3Bergaptin7380-40-741.730.420.70QH
4Cnidilin14348-22-232.690.280.52BZ, DG, QH
5Coptisine3486-66-630.670.860.32HQ
6Cryptopin482-74-678.740.720.41XX
7Dihydrocapsaicin19408-84-547.070.190.47SJ
8Ethyl oleate111-62-632.400.191.10BZ
9Glabranin41983-91-952.900.310.31GC
10Glabridin59870-68-753.250.470.36GC
11Isofucosterol18472-36-143.780.760.97JH
12Isoimperatorin482-45-145.460.230.66BZ, DG, DH, FF, QH
13Isoindigo476-34-694.300.260.32DH, QH
14Mandenol544-35-442.000.191.14BZ, CX, FF
15O-Acetylcolumbianetin23180-65-660.040.260.34DH
16Ostruthin148-83-430.650.230.79DH, QH
17Panicolin41060-16-676.260.290.31HQ
18Phaseolinisoflavan40323-57-732.010.450.46GC
19Phellopterin2543-94-440.190.280.48BZ, FF, QH
20Phyllanthin10351-88-933.310.420.57DG
21Prangenidin642-05-736.310.220.50FF
22Shinpterocarpin157414-04-580.300.730.68GC
23Stigmasterol83-48-743.830.761.00BZ, CZ, DG, MD, HQ, JH, MJZ
24Supraene111-02-435.550.421.73BZ
25Truflex84-78-643.470.240.60JH
26Vestitol20879-05-474.660.210.30GC
27β-Sitosterol/sitosterol83-46-536.910.750.99CX, DG, DH, FF, GC, HQ, JH, MJZ, QH
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Information of active compound of Chuanxiong Qingnao Granules (CXQN). OB: Oral bioavailability; DL: Drug-likeness; BBB: Blood Brain Barrier; CZ: Cangzhu; HQ: Huangqin; JH: Juhua; CX: Chuanxiong; BZ: Baizhi; MD: Maidong; FF: Fangfeng; XX: Xixin; QH: Qianghuo; DH: Duhuo; MJZ: Manjingzi; DG: Danggui; GC: Gancao; SJ: Shengjiang

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No.CompoundCASOB%DLBBBSource
1Alloisoimperatorin35214-83-634.800.220.43BZ, QH
2Ammidin482-44-034.550.220.92BZ, DH, FF, QH
3Bergaptin7380-40-741.730.420.70QH
4Cnidilin14348-22-232.690.280.52BZ, DG, QH
5Coptisine3486-66-630.670.860.32HQ
6Cryptopin482-74-678.740.720.41XX
7Dihydrocapsaicin19408-84-547.070.190.47SJ
8Ethyl oleate111-62-632.400.191.10BZ
9Glabranin41983-91-952.900.310.31GC
10Glabridin59870-68-753.250.470.36GC
11Isofucosterol18472-36-143.780.760.97JH
12Isoimperatorin482-45-145.460.230.66BZ, DG, DH, FF, QH
13Isoindigo476-34-694.300.260.32DH, QH
14Mandenol544-35-442.000.191.14BZ, CX, FF
15O-Acetylcolumbianetin23180-65-660.040.260.34DH
16Ostruthin148-83-430.650.230.79DH, QH
17Panicolin41060-16-676.260.290.31HQ
18Phaseolinisoflavan40323-57-732.010.450.46GC
19Phellopterin2543-94-440.190.280.48BZ, FF, QH
20Phyllanthin10351-88-933.310.420.57DG
21Prangenidin642-05-736.310.220.50FF
22Shinpterocarpin157414-04-580.300.730.68GC
23Stigmasterol83-48-743.830.761.00BZ, CZ, DG, MD, HQ, JH, MJZ
24Supraene111-02-435.550.421.73BZ
25Truflex84-78-643.470.240.60JH
26Vestitol20879-05-474.660.210.30GC
27β-Sitosterol/sitosterol83-46-536.910.750.99CX, DG, DH, FF, GC, HQ, JH, MJZ, QH
), ArticleFig(id=1210516761720525329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516748990812801, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
TargetDegreeBetweenness centralityCloseness centrality
TNF-α51570.6771.83
IL-649457.1571
VEGFA46686.3268.66
IL-1β43400.0068.33
BDNF441 038.0469.66
), ArticleFig(id=1210516761825382936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516748990812801, language=CN, label=Table 3, caption=

Topological parameters of hub targets

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
TargetDegreeBetweenness centralityCloseness centrality
TNF-α51570.6771.83
IL-649457.1571
VEGFA46686.3268.66
IL-1β43400.0068.33
BDNF441 038.0469.66
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基于网络药理学探讨川芎清脑颗粒改善偏头痛作用机制及验证研究
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侯静怡 1 , 倪理琪 1 , 田良良 2 , 徐核 2 , 曹光昭 2 , 王坤 1 , 侯博文 1 , 张晶晶 2, * , 杨洪军 1, *
药学学报 | 专题报道Ⅱ:中药防治心脑相关疾病 2022,57(10): 3095-3105
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药学学报 | 专题报道Ⅱ:中药防治心脑相关疾病 2022, 57(10): 3095-3105
基于网络药理学探讨川芎清脑颗粒改善偏头痛作用机制及验证研究
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侯静怡1, 倪理琪1, 田良良2, 徐核2, 曹光昭2, 王坤1, 侯博文1, 张晶晶2, * , 杨洪军1, *
作者信息
  • 1.中国中医科学院医学实验中心, 中医药防治重大疾病基础研究北京市重点实验室, 北京 100700
  • 2.中国中医科学院中药研究所, 北京 100700

通讯作者:

*杨洪军, Tel: 13910000292, E-mail: ;
张晶晶, Tel: 13910000292, E-mail:
Research of the mechanism of Chuanxiong Qingnao Granules in improving migraine based on network pharmacology and experimental validation
Jing-yi HOU1, Li-qi NI1, Liang-liang TIAN2, He XU2, Guang-zhao CAO2, Kun WANG1, Bo-wen HOU1, Jing-jing ZHANG2, * , Hong-jun YANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
  • 2. Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
出版时间: 2022-10-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0860
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本研究采用网络药理学分析与动物实验验证相整合的研究策略, 探讨川芎清脑颗粒(Chuanxiong Qingnao Granules, CXQN) 改善偏头痛(migraine headache, MH) 的分子作用机制。动物实验过程均遵循中国中医科学院实验动物伦理委员会的规定。基于网络药理学, 获取27个CXQN的活性成分及对应的940个作用靶点, 交集得到99个CXQN治疗MH的共同靶点, 并筛选出肿瘤坏死因子-α (tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α)、白细胞介素(interleukin, IL)-6、血管内皮生长因子A (vascular endothelial growth factor A, VEGFA)、IL-1β、脑源性神经营养因子(brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF) 等关键靶点, 富集分析表明CXQN治疗MH的靶点主要参与环磷酸腺苷(cyclic adenosine monophosphate, cAMP)、缺氧诱导因子-1 (hypoxia inducible factor-1, HIF-1)、磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶-蛋白激酶B (phosphoinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B, PI3K-Akt) 等信号通路。进一步通过在硝酸甘油诱导的MH大鼠模型中验证发现, CXQN给药组可显著改善模型大鼠的行为学症状及调节血管活性物质水平, 并显著降低TNF-α、IL-6、VEGFA、IL-1β和BDNF的基因和蛋白表达水平。本研究揭示了CXQN治疗MH的多成分、多靶点、多通路的作用特征, 且阐明CXQN治疗MH潜在的作用机制, 为其临床治疗MH疾病应用奠定理论基础和科学依据。

川芎清脑颗粒  /  偏头痛  /  网络药理学  /  作用机制  /  分子对接

In this study, a research strategy integrating network pharmacology analysis and animal experimental validation was applied to explore the molecular mechanism of Chuanxiong Qingnao Granules (CXQN) in improving migraine headache (MH). All animal experiments were followed the regulation of the Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. Based on the network pharmacology analysis, the 27 active ingredients and their corresponding 940 targets were obtained, and 99 common targets of CXQN in the treatment of MH were obtained by intersection, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), IL-1β, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were screened out as hub targets. Enrichment analysis showed that the targets of CXQN in the treatment of MH were mainly involved in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), phosphoinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt) signaling pathways. In addition, the experimental verification in the MH rat induced by nitroglycerin showed that the CXQN administrated groups could significantly improve the behavioral symptoms and regulate the level of vasoactive substances, and reduce the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, VEGFA, IL-1β, and BDNF at gene and protein levels. This study revealed the multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway characteristics of CXQN in the treatment of MH, and elucidated the potential mechanism of CXQN in the treatment of MH, laying a theoretical foundation and scientific basis for its clinical application in the treatment of MH diseases.

Chuanxiong Qingnao Granules  /  migraine headache  /  network pharmacology  /  biological mechanism  /  docking stimulation
侯静怡, 倪理琪, 田良良, 徐核, 曹光昭, 王坤, 侯博文, 张晶晶, 杨洪军. 基于网络药理学探讨川芎清脑颗粒改善偏头痛作用机制及验证研究. 药学学报, 2022 , 57 (10) : 3095 -3105 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0860
Jing-yi HOU, Li-qi NI, Liang-liang TIAN, He XU, Guang-zhao CAO, Kun WANG, Bo-wen HOU, Jing-jing ZHANG, Hong-jun YANG. Research of the mechanism of Chuanxiong Qingnao Granules in improving migraine based on network pharmacology and experimental validation[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2022 , 57 (10) : 3095 -3105 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0860
偏头痛(migraine headache, MH) 是一种慢性且反复性发作的神经血管性头痛, 以单侧/双侧出现中度至重度搏动感为主要临床表现[1], 我国MH患病率约为9.3%, 且多见于青壮年[2]。MH目前已严重影响到患者的生活和工作从而降低生活质量, 潜在性增加心血管疾病的患病风险, 如缺血性和出血性脑卒中及静脉血栓栓塞等疾病[3]。目前针对MH的药物均存在不同程度的不良反应及禁忌症[4], 从而限制了本类药物的临床应用, 且给治疗带来诸多困扰。
MH在祖国医学中属于“头风”“首风”范畴, 其病因多与瘀血内停、阻滞脑络有关, 治疗以活血化瘀、通络止痛为主[5]。川芎清脑颗粒(Chuanxiong Qingnao Granules, CXQN) 是由《寿世保元》中记载的“清上蠲痛汤”加减而成[6], 其中川芎为君药, 可活血行气、祛风止痛, 防风、当归、白芷可协同川芎加强活血止痛的疗效, 羌活、细辛、菊花也可祛风通络, 此外配伍使用麦冬滋阴生津, 防止温燥之邪伤阴。Chen等[7]分析CXQN联合氟桂利嗪治疗MH, 研究显示MH患者血清中的内皮素-1 (endothelin-1, ET-1)、5-羟色胺(serotonin, 5-HT)、降钙素基因相关肽(calcitonin gene-related peptide, CGRP) 表达水平均显著降低, 且显著改善颅脑血流动力学, 抑制病情进展; Wu等[8]观察CXQN治疗MH患者临床疗效, 结果显示CXQN可有效提高MH患者的治疗总有效率, 降低中医证候积分, 缓解临床症状, 且效果优于盐酸氟桂利嗪胶囊。CXQN配伍精良, 疗效确切, 但目前仍然集中于临床研究, 其具体作用机制尚未阐明。
本研究基于网络药理学与动物实验验证相结合, 探索和验证CXQN治疗偏头痛的潜在作用靶点及作用通路, 以期阐明CXQN治疗偏头痛潜在的作用机制, 为其临床治疗偏头痛疾病应用奠定理论基础和科学依据。
CXQN活性成分的收集与筛选   CXQN主要由川芎、当归、防风、菊花、黄芩、羌活、细辛、麦冬、独活、甘草、蔓荆子、细辛、白芷、生姜14味中药组成, 利用中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(TCMSP, https://tcmspw.com/tcmsp.php)[9]查询其主要活性成分, 并根据药物的ADME参数, 设定口服生物利用度(OB) ≥ 30%, 类药性(DL) ≥ 0.18及血脑屏障(blood brain barrier, BBB) ≥ 0.3作为筛选条件得到CXQN作用于中枢神经系统的活性成分[10]
CXQN活性成分-预测靶点的获取   通过HIT 2.0 (http://hit2.badd-cao.net)[11]和ETCM (http://www.tcmip.cn/ETCM/index.php/Home/)[12]数据库获取活性成分的靶点注释信息, 再应用三维相似方法, 通过SEA Search Server (http://sea.bsklab.org)[13]和SwissTargetPrediction (http://www.swisstargetprediction.ch)[14]数据库预测查询活性成分的潜在靶点, 并将上述数据库中获得的靶点合并后通过UniProt数据库(https://www.uniprot.org/) 规范化后得到活性成分的预测靶点。
MH潜在作用靶点的筛选   本研究以“migraine”关键词进行检索, 在GeneCards (https://www.genecards.org/)[15]、OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, https://omim.org)[16]和PubMed-Gene (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)[17]数据库中进行检索, 并将2个数据库获得的靶点合并后通过UniProt数据库规范化后得到MH疾病相关靶点。
蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用(protein-protein interaction, PPI) 网络的构建及关键靶点的获取   通过VENN (http://bioinformatics.psb.ugent.be/webtools/Venn/) 在线工具整合CXQN治疗MH的作用靶点, 将得到的治疗作用靶点导入到STRING平台(https://cn.string-db.org/)[18]中, 进行PPI分析, 以最低置信度(confidence) 设置为0.4建立PPI网络。将该PPI网络导入Cytoscape 3.7.0平台进行可视化分析, 并利用插件cytoHubba筛选CXQN治疗MH的关键作用靶点。
基于GO (gene ontology) 和KEGG (Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) 靶点富集分析   将CXQN治疗MH的靶点导入DAVID 6.8 (https://david.ncifcrf.gov/)[19]数据库分析靶点的功能和富集通路, 并利用R语言中的“ggplot”和“ggpubr”包绘制可视化图像, 获得CXQN治疗MH的信号通路及生物过程。
分子对接验证   为验证筛选出的CXQN治疗MH潜在关键靶点的准确性, 将“CXQN活性成分的收集与筛选”项中活性成分与“蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用(protein-protein interaction, PPI) 网络的构建及关键靶点的获取”项中预测到的潜在作用靶点进行分子对接。在PubChem数据库(https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) 中获取活性成分的2D分子结构, 同时在RCSB PDB数据库(https://www.rcsb.org/) 获得关键靶点的结构。采用Schrodinger软件预测活性分子与关键靶点的结合值, 并采用PyMOL (version 0.99) 可视化对接结果[20]
试剂   注射用硝酸甘油(批号H11020289, 北京益民药业有限公司); 西比灵胶囊(批号H10930003, 西安杨森制药有限公司); 川芎清脑颗粒(批号22010053B, 济川药业集团有限公司提供); 5-HT酶联免疫试剂盒(E-EL-0033c)、肿瘤坏死因子-α (tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α) 酶联免疫试剂盒(E-EL-R2856c)、白细胞介素-6 (interleukin-6, IL-6) 酶联免疫试剂盒(E-EL-R0015c)、IL-1β酶联免疫试剂盒(E-EL-R0012c) (Elabscience科技公司); 4%多聚甲醛固定液(P1110, 北京索莱宝生物科技有限公司); FastPure RNA提取试剂盒(RC112, 南京诺唯赞生物科技有限公司); FastKing一步法反转录-荧光定量(SYBR Green) 试剂盒[FP313, 天根生化科技(北京) 有限公司]; TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β、血管内皮生长因子A (vascular endothelial growth factor A, VEGFA)、脑源性神经营养因子(brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF) 引物(上海生工生物工程技术服务有限公司); 2-(4-amidinophenyl)-6-indolecarbamidine dihydrochloride (DAPI, C1005)、抗荧光淬灭剂(P0126)、柠檬酸钠抗原修复液(P0081)、蛋白浓度测定试剂盒(P0009) (碧云天生物技术有限公司); BDNF抗体(GB11559, Servicebio有限公司); VEGFA抗体(66828-1, Proteintech公司); Rhodamine Goat Anti-Mouse IgG (H+L) 抗体(AS026)、Rhodamine Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) 抗体(AS040) (ABclonal有限公司)。
仪器   全自动酶标仪(型号EDN, 基因有限公司); 时间分辨定量PCR系统(型号161006, 鲲鹏基因RocGene公司); Nanodrop2000分光光度计(美国Thermo Scientific科技有限公司); 正置荧光显微镜(型号Nikon Eclipse C1, 日本尼康公司)。
实验动物   雄性健康SD (Sprague-Dawley) 大鼠, 体重200~250 g, 购于斯贝福(北京) 生物科技有限公司[许可证号: SCXK (京) 2019-0010], 适应性饲养5天, 饲养条件为12 h光照/12 h黑暗, 室温(25 ± 2) ℃, 自由饮水和进食。所有动物实验均按照中国中医科学院动物管理和使用委员会批准的方案进行。
模型建立与给药   将60只大鼠随机分为6组, 每组10只, 分别为空白组、MH组、CXQN-L、CXQN-M、CXQN-H组和西比灵(flunarizine, Flu) 组。CXQN-L、-M、-H组分别按照0.90、2.70、8.10 g·kg-1·d-1灌胃CXQN溶液, Flu组按照1.25 mg·kg-1·d-1灌胃西比灵溶液, 上述药物均用生理盐水稀释, 空白组及MH组灌胃等体积的生理盐水溶液, 各组均连续给药7天。末次给药30 min后, 除空白组, 其余各组大鼠均给予按剂量体重比10 mg·kg-1颈部皮下注射硝酸甘油(glycerol trinitrate, GTN), 建立GTN诱导的MH模型, 空白组颈部皮下注射等体积的生理盐水。
行为学评价   于大鼠注射硝酸甘油10 min后, 记录1 h内大鼠的前肢挠头次数, 并对各组大鼠耳红出现时间及消失时间进行观察记录。
酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA) 分析   造模4 h后, 大鼠腹腔注射戊巴比妥钠麻醉, 腹主动脉取血, 常温静置1 h, 4 ℃、3 000 r·min-1离心20 min后分离血清, 按照试剂盒说明书检测5-HT含量; 同时, 取大鼠脑组织匀浆并收集上清液, 应用蛋白浓度测定试剂盒测定上清液中蛋白含量, 按照试剂盒说明书测定IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α的含量。
苏木素-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin, H & E) 染色   取上述大鼠脑组织经固定液固定, 常规石蜡包埋切片, 进行H & E染色后, 在光学显微镜下观察脑组织病理变化。
实时定量PCR    采用FastPure RNA提取试剂盒提取每组大鼠脑组织总RNA, 测定浓度后, 分别取1 μg RNA, 进一步采用FastKing一步法反转录-荧光定量试剂盒进行逆转录与实时定量PCR反应, 检测TNF-α、IL-6、VEGFA、IL-1β、BDNF的mRNA表达水平, 分别以β-actin作为内参, 按2-△△Ct的计算方法进行统计分析, 所用引物序列如表 1所示。
免疫荧光化学染色   大鼠脑组织石蜡切片脱蜡复水, 柠檬酸钠抗原修复, 滴加VEGFA一抗(1∶100) 和BDNF一抗(1∶100) 于4 ℃孵育过夜, 次日孵育对应二抗, DAPI染核, 抗荧光衰减封片剂避光封片, 荧光显微镜拍照。
统计学分析   用GraphPad Prism软件7.0进行统计分析, 所有数据均表示为平均值±标准差($ \overline{x} $ ± s)。通过单向方差分析(ANOVA) 及Tukey事后检验比较多组平均值。通过Student's t检验分析两组间差异。P < 0.05被认为具有统计学意义, 每个实验重复3次。
基于TCMSP数据库搜索CXQN的活性成分, 并依据药物的ADME参数, 设定OB ≥ 30%、DL ≥ 0.18和BBB ≥ 0.30作为筛选条件, 共获取活性成分27个(表 2), 其中川芎活性成分2个, 白芷活性成分9个, 麦冬活性成分1个, 防风活性成分6个, 黄芩活性成分4个, 菊花活性成分4个, 细辛活性成分1个, 羌活活性成分9个, 独活活性成分6个, 蔓荆子活性成分2个, 苍术活性成分1个, 当归活性成分5个, 甘草活性成分6个, 生姜活性成分1个。将筛选出的活性成分所对应的靶点进行汇总, 删除重复靶点后, 共得到成分靶点940个。
通过检索GeneCards、OMIM和PubMed-Gene数据库, GeneCards数据库共搜索到113个靶点, OMIM数据库共搜索到116个靶点, PubMed-Gene数据库共搜索到287个靶点, 将上述数据库获得的靶点合并去重, 并通过UniProt数据库规范化后获得374个MH靶点。将CXQN药物靶点与MH药物靶点导入VENN在线工具, 取其交集, 得到重合靶点99个。将得到的99个共有靶点导入STRING数据库以获得PPI网络, 并将其导入Cytoscape平台进行可视化分析。如图 1所示, 该PPI网络共包含97个节点(node) 和789条相互作用边(edge)。基于Cytohubba插件计算该网络中的拓扑参数以寻找CXQN治疗MH的关键靶点。根据网络拓扑分析中位数原则[21], 以度值(degree) > 中位数(15), 介数中心性(betweenness centrality) > 中位数(119.3), 且中心接近度(closeness centrality) 排名前5名作为筛选条件, 得到CXQN治疗MH的核心靶点: TNF-α、IL-6、VEGFA、IL-1β、BDNF (表 3)。
将99个共有靶点导入DAVID数据库进行靶点的功能和富集通路, 如图 2A所示, 通过GO分析可知CXQN治疗MH主要涉及类固醇结合、G-蛋白偶联血清素受体活性、转录共激活因子结合等生物过程(biological process, BP); 细胞组分(cellular components, CC) 主要涉及质膜、受体复合物、突触前膜的组成部分等过程; 分子功能(molecular functions, MF) 主要涉及一氧化氮生物合成过程的正调控、细胞外调节蛋白激酶1 (extracellular regulated protein kinase 1, ERK1) 和ERK2级联的正调控、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase, MAPK) 活性的正调节等过程。如图 2B所示, CXQN治疗MH主要涉及环磷酸腺苷(cyclic adenosine monophosphate, cAMP)、缺氧诱导因子-1 (hypoxia inducible factor-1, HIF-1)、磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶-蛋白激酶B (phosphoinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B, PI3K-Akt) 等信号通路, 表明CXQN的作用靶点参与不同类型的信号通路, 其“多成分-多靶点-多通路”相互协同调节是CXQN治疗MH的作用机制。
将CXQN活性成分分别与网络分析获取的5个核心靶点TNF-α (PDB ID: 2AZ5)、IL-6 (PDB ID: 4CNI)、VEGFA (PDB ID: 1MKG)、IL-1β (PDB ID: 5R8Q)、BDNF (PDB ID: 1B8M) 进行分子对接。分子对接结果显示(图 2A), CXQN的活性成分与关键靶点均具有较好的结合活性。分别选择与关键靶点结合活性较高的活性分子进行可视化分析, 如图 2B所示, panicolin与TNF-α蛋白中的氨基酸残基Tyr119和Tyr151形成氢键相互作用, 与Tyr59上的苯环形成疏水性相互作用; glabranin分别与IL-6、IL-1β、VEGFA和BDNF蛋白中的氨基酸残基Lys86/Leu64、Asn108/Met148、Leu32/Glu30和Ser15/Glu9形成氢键相互作用。
图 3A所示, 与空白组相比, MH组大鼠在1 h内挠头次数及耳红持续时间显著增加(空白组未出现耳红现象, P < 0.01), 初步表明由GTN诱导的偏头痛模型复制成功; 与MH组相比, 阳性药-Flu组和CXQN给药组(CXQN-L、CXQN-M、CXQN-H) 的大鼠挠头次数和耳红持续时间均显著减少(P < 0.05, P < 0.01); 与空白组比较, MH组血清中的5-HT水平显著降低(P < 0.05), 与MH组相比, Flu组和CXQN-M、CXQN-H组血清中的5-HT水平显著升高(P < 0.05), CXQN-L血清中的5-HT水平无明显差异。H & E染色结果显示, 空白组神经元排列有序, 细胞边界清晰(蓝色箭头); MH组脑膜处大量的瘀血及血管扩张现象(绿色箭头), 血管周围可见炎症细胞浸润(红色箭头), 且神经元细胞皱缩, 排列紊乱; 而与MH组相比, CXQN-H组(8.10 g·kg-1·d-1) 中, 脑膜处瘀血、血管扩张损伤及炎症细胞浸润状况明显优于MH组, 且神经元细胞皱缩状态显著改善(图 3B), 表明CXQN能改善MH大鼠的行为学症状及调节血管活性物质水平以发挥治疗MH作用。
图 4所示, 与空白组相比, MH组TNF-α、IL-6、VEGFA、IL-1β、BDNF mRNA水平均升高(P < 0.05); 与MH组相比, CXQN给药组(CXQN-L、CXQN-M、CXQN-H) 的TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β mRNA水平均显著性下调(P < 0.01), CXQN-M和CXQN-H的BDNF和VEGFA mRNA水平显著下调(P < 0.05), 其他给药组仅有下降趋势但无显著性差异。
图 5A~C所示, 与空白组相比, MH组的IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α的蛋白表达量明显增加(P < 0.05); 而CXQN给药组的IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α的蛋白表达水平均有所降低, 且CXQN-H组的蛋白表达明显降低(P < 0.05); 进一步结合免疫荧光观察CXQN调节VEGFA和BDNF核心靶点的蛋白表达, 如图 5D~G所示, 与空白组相比, MH组的VEGFA和BDNF的蛋白表达量明显增加(P < 0.01); 与MH组相比, CXQN-H组中的VEGFA和BDNF蛋白表达量显著性降低(P < 0.01), 表明CXQN通过IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α、VEGFA和BDNF等关键靶点发挥治疗偏头痛的作用。
本研究利用网络药理学对CXQN防治偏头痛的作用靶点和相关通路进行挖掘, 探究其潜在分子机制, 主要通过PPI网络分析筛选出了CXQN治疗偏头痛的5个核心靶点, 并通过分子对接和动物实验对其药效和相关分子机制进行了初步验证。通过数据库比对筛选出CXQN的27个作用于中枢神经系统的活性成分。研究表明, 甘露醇具有快速脱水的作用, 有效减轻血管扩张并清除缺氧自由基, 从而达到缓解止痛的效果[22]; β-谷甾醇可通过作用于人体垂体-肾上腺素系统抑制炎性因子的产生, 同时抑制细胞外调节蛋白激酶1/2通路的表达而降低细胞的凋亡, 从而起到抗炎镇痛的作用[23]
网络药理学分析结果显示, CXQN治疗偏头痛的潜在作用靶点共139个, 其核心靶点包括TNF-α、IL-6、VEGFA、IL-1β、BDNF。PPI网络及富集分析显示这些靶点基因间具有较强的相互作用, 并可能涉及神经活性配体-受体相互作用、cAMP信号通路、HIF-1信号通路、PI3K-Akt信号通路等, 参与一氧化氮生物合成过程的正调控、化学突触传递、对缺氧的反应、炎症反应等生物学进程, 影响质膜、受体复合物、突触后膜等分子功能, 表明中药复方的“多成分-多靶点-多途径”的作用机制特征与中医药整体性观念不谋而合[10]。HIF-1是在缺氧环境下产生且对氧敏感的一类转录因子, 其激活可减少脑损伤并促进功能恢复[24], 另有研究表明[25], HIF-1α调控血管内皮生长因子, 促进红细胞生成素的产生, 并促进血管新生重建而降低血浆蛋白外渗发挥治疗偏头痛的作用; cAMP是参与细胞内多种生理和病理过程的重要物质, 参与调控脑组织中神经营养因子相关蛋白的表达而促进大脑中的神经再生[26]; PI3K-Akt信号通路是细胞内重要的生存信号转导通路, 调节葡萄糖转运和细胞增殖、分化和凋亡, Liu等[27]研究证实该信号通路在偏头痛模型中被激活, 对神经具有保护功能且可抑制氧化应激等神经元自噬。核心靶点中, TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β作为炎性因子促进神经源性炎症启动并维持外周敏化[28]。研究表明[29], IL-6可增强脑膜传入系统的兴奋性, 促进疼痛信号传导; TNF-α通过促进降钙素基因相关肽(calcitonin gene-related peptide, CGRP) 等炎性因子的合成, 提高脑膜伤害感受器的敏感性并进一步促使神经元过度兴奋导致持续性头痛[30]; IL-1β提高血管内皮细胞表达细胞间黏附因子, 进一步加重三叉神经炎症反应, 从而增加脑膜伤害性感受器的敏感性[31]。VEGFA作为血管生长因子促进血管内皮细胞发生分裂与增生, 并提升其通透性导致血浆蛋白外渗[32], 相关研究显示, 偏头痛患者的VEGFA水平异常增高, 血管通透性显著增加参与偏头痛的发生[33]。BDNF作为中枢和外周痛觉通路的重要调节因子, 为多巴胺和5-羟色胺能神经元提供营养物质, 有研究发现[34], BDNF与CGRP共表达, 并通过对神经可塑性的调节参与调控中枢敏化。
本研究采用硝酸甘油所诱导的偏头痛模型, 该模型能较好地模拟临床中偏头痛的症状和病理特点[35], 并以耳红持续时间增加[36]、挠头次数增多[37]为主要行为学表现, 是目前运用较为广泛的动物偏头痛模型[38]。CXQN给药组的大鼠挠头次数和耳红持续时间均显著减少且脑组织炎症浸润降低, 表明其可有效改善硝酸甘油所致的偏头痛症状; 通过RT-PCR、ELISA及免疫荧光实验进一步证实CXQN通过调节TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β、VEGFA和BDNF mRNA和蛋白的表达发挥治疗偏头痛的作用。
综上所述, CXQN可能通过调节TNF-α、IL-6、VEGFA、IL-1β、BDNF的表达及相关通路降低炎症因子的释放, 调控血管通透性及中枢敏化对偏头痛模型产生保护作用, 为CXQN临床治疗偏头痛提供实验依据。然而, 本研究仍有不足之处: 所获取的CXQN的化学成分和靶点均来源于数据库, 与实际研究结果会存有一定差异, 后期有必要开展更多分子生物学实验对其进行验证。
作者贡献: 侯静怡负责研究设计、结果分析及文章撰写; 田良良和徐核参与实验操作与数据采集; 倪理琪、曹光昭、王坤和侯博文参与实验设计和实验技术的提供; 杨洪军和张晶晶负责实验监督及论文审阅。
利益冲突: 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
  • 中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021B017-03)
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2022年第57卷第10期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0860
  • 接收时间:2022-07-14
  • 首发时间:2025-12-24
  • 出版时间:2022-10-12
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  • 收稿日期:2022-07-14
  • 修回日期:2022-08-22
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中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021B017-03)
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    1.中国中医科学院医学实验中心, 中医药防治重大疾病基础研究北京市重点实验室, 北京 100700
    2.中国中医科学院中药研究所, 北京 100700

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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genus
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species
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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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