Article(id=1210516746780414435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210516741998907791, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0624, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1653062400000, receivedDateStr=2022-05-21, revisedDate=1659110400000, revisedDateStr=2022-07-30, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766539282745, onlineDateStr=2025-12-24, pubDate=1665504000000, pubDateStr=2022-10-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766539282745, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766539282745, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766539282745, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1210516741998907791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2022', volume='57', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='3258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766539281606, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766539576214, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210517977762500872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210516741998907791, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210517977762500873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210516741998907791, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3203, endPage=3213, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1210516747225010695, articleId=1210516746780414435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Regulation of obeticholic acid on serum lipids and bile acids and gut microbiota of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis mice induced by methionine and choline deficiency diet, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
The enteric-hepatic axis plays an important role in the occurrence, progression and regression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Obeticholic acid (OCA) is a farnesoid X receptor agonist. In this study, C57BL/6 mice were fed with methionine and choline deficient (MCD) diet for 8 weeks with OCA (6.5 mg·kg-1·d-1) administration by gavage at the same time. The effects of OCA on serum lipid and bile acid metabolomics and ileal gut microbiota (GM) of MCD mice were studied by UPLC-MS and 16S rDNA sequencing. The results were as follows: (1) OCA decreased the activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in serum and the contents of triglyceride (TG) and malondialdehyde in liver, alleviated the accumulation of liver fat and inflammation of MCD mice. OCA down-regulated the contents of 2 eicosanoids (12, 13-EPOME, 9, 10-EPOME) and 4 free fatty acids (FFA16∶1, FFA18∶1, FFA16∶2, FFA18∶3) and TG (16∶1_16∶1_18∶2) in serum, and up-regulated the content of 1 eicosanoid thromboxanes B3. KEGG differential metabolite pathway analysis showed that fatty acid biosynthesis might be the main way that OCA ameliorated lipid metabolism disorder of MCD mice. OCA reduced the relative abundance of Christensenellaceae and Lachnospiraceae_UCG-006 in the GM of MCD mice; OCA decreased the serum levels of 23-deoxycholic acid, porcine deoxycholic acid, 3-deoxycholic acid, glycine deoxycholic acid, glycine cholic acid, taurine deoxycholic acid, taurocholic acid and taurine. These results suggest that the alleviating effect of OCA on NAFLD of MCD mice may be related to its above-mentioned regulation of the metabolism of the free fatty acids, oxidized lipids, 12α-hydroxylated bile acids and the abundance of GM. The animal experiments were approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Hubei University (No. 20220036).
, correspAuthors=Jun-jun WANG, Yong CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2022 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Wei WANG, Ping LUO, Xiao-lei MIAO, Bei ZENG, Jun-jun WANG, Yong CHEN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1210516750479790777, articleId=1210516746780414435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=奥贝胆酸对MCD饮食诱导的非酒精性脂肪性肝炎小鼠血清脂质与胆汁酸以及肠道菌群的调节作用, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
肠-肝轴在非酒精性脂肪性肝病的发生、发展与消退中具有重要调控作用, 奥贝胆酸(obeticholic acid, OCA) 是法尼酯X受体激动剂。本文用蛋氨酸和胆碱缺乏(methionine and choline deficient, MCD) 饮食喂养C57BL/6小鼠8周, 同时灌胃OCA (6.5 mg·kg-1·d-1), 应用UPLC-MS技术及16S rDNA测序技术研究了OCA对MCD小鼠血清脂质与胆汁酸代谢组学, 以及小鼠回肠菌群组成的影响。结果表明: OCA降低了MCD小鼠血清谷氨酸氨基转移酶(alanine aminotransferase, ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(aspartate aminotransferase, AST) 活性和肝脏甘油三酯(triglyceride, TG)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA) 含量, 缓解了肝脂堆积与炎症; OCA下调了血清中2个类花生酸(12, 13-EpOME、9, 10-EpOME)、4个游离脂肪酸(free fatty acid, FFA) (FFA16∶1、FFA18∶1、FFA16∶2、FFA18∶3) 和TG(16∶1_16∶1_18∶2) 含量, 上调了1个类花生酸(血栓素B3) 含量; KEGG差异代谢产物通路分析显示脂肪酸合成可能是OCA改善MCD小鼠脂质代谢紊乱的主要途径; OCA降低了小鼠肠道克里斯滕森菌科及毛螺菌属_UCG-006的相对丰度; OCA降低了血清23-脱甲脱氧胆酸、猪脱氧胆酸、3β-脱氧胆酸、甘氨脱氧胆酸、甘氨胆酸、牛磺脱氧胆酸、牛磺石胆酸、牛磺胆酸的水平。上述研究表明OCA对MCD小鼠非酒精性脂肪肝病的缓解作用可能与其调节上述游离脂肪酸、氧化脂质、12α-羟基化胆汁酸代谢及肠道克里斯滕森菌科和毛螺菌属丰度有关。动物实验经湖北大学实验动物伦理委员会批准(No. 20220036)。
, correspAuthors=王俊俊, 陈勇, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2022, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=wPzrzmsUJBaHU0FLOCEI8w==, magXml=JBtSDXUD6wqpTRFdyt8Ziw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=SCIZUqUMg6B2fHDk6xhuYQ==, pdfFileSize=5527353, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=+6xGXjwpRx/G76vNu6vgWA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=65FPkfDNxZ5jLU0YQir7Ag==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=
, authorsList=王威, 罗萍, 苗潇磊, 曾贝, 王俊俊, 陈勇)}, authors=[Author(id=1210516751029244660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516746780414435, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1210516751184433927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516746780414435, authorId=1210516751029244660, language=EN, stringName=Wei WANG, firstName=Wei, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1, address=1.湖北大学, 中药生物技术湖北省重点实验室, 药物高通量筛选技术国家地方联合工程研究中心, 生物催化与酶工程国家重点实验室, 湖北 武汉 430062, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1210516750781780691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516746780414435, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210516750794363604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516746780414435, companyId=1210516750781780691, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210516750806946518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516746780414435, companyId=1210516750781780691, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.湖北大学, 中药生物技术湖北省重点实验室, 药物高通量筛选技术国家地方联合工程研究中心, 生物催化与酶工程国家重点实验室, 湖北 武汉 430062)])]), Author(id=1210516752484668323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516746780414435, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=wangjunjun@hubu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1210516752610497452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516746780414435, authorId=1210516752484668323, language=EN, stringName=Jun-jun WANG, firstName=Jun-jun, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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Effects of obeticholic acid (OCA) on body weight, liver index and liver function related indexes of the tested mice. A: Body weight; B: Liver index; C: Serum ALT activity; D: Serum AST activity; E: Liver TG level; F: Liver MDA level. n = 7 (MCS and MCD groups) or 6 (OCA group), $ \overline{x} $ ± s. **P < 0.01 vs MCS group. #P < 0.05 vs MCD group. MCS: Methionine and choline supplemented; MCD: Methionine and choline deficient; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; TG: Triglyceride; MDA: Malondialdehyde , figureFileSmall=i+yIz/DjXTlSrU/CU5CHiQ==, figureFileBig=+6xGXjwpRx/G76vNu6vgWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516756167266500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516746780414435, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=5+5Gu9Zzy2/3XylxYg+BfQ==, figureFileBig=6i2UyJWoOoZNPFRIxWdCAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516756351815887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516746780414435, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption=
Effects of OCA on liver histopathology of the tested mice. A: H & E staining. Black arrows indicate bigger cytoplasmic vacuolation, inflammation and hepatocellular ballooning respectively; B: Red Oil O staining. Black arrows indicate bigger red lipid droplets; C: Masson staining. Black arrows indicate hepatic fibrosis , figureFileSmall=5+5Gu9Zzy2/3XylxYg+BfQ==, figureFileBig=6i2UyJWoOoZNPFRIxWdCAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516756460867807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516746780414435, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=FbuicDIMTS4EGeC5EFZAVw==, figureFileBig=FKuaepZe6UX9ftRaaXtTXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516756574114024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516746780414435, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption=
Analysis of serum lipid metabolic profile of the tested mice. A: PCA score plot; B: OPLS-DA score plot between MCS and MCD groups; C: OPLS-DA score plot between MCD and OCA groups; D: Volcano plot of lipid metabolites between MCS and MCD groups; E: Volcano plot of lipid metabolites between MCD and OCA groups; F, G: Intensities of representative differential lipid species. n = 7 (MCS and MCD groups) or 6 (OCA group), $ \overline{x} $ ± s. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs MCS group. #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 vs MCD group. PCA: Principal component analysis; OPLS-DA: Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis , figureFileSmall=FbuicDIMTS4EGeC5EFZAVw==, figureFileBig=FKuaepZe6UX9ftRaaXtTXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516756662194419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516746780414435, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=6gLbYWDEhZgXsP9eVZHEYw==, figureFileBig=j6qsYPvuLVnKWJqLsqvscg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516756767052032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516746780414435, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption=
KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of the significantly altered lipids between OCA group and MCD group , figureFileSmall=6gLbYWDEhZgXsP9eVZHEYw==, figureFileBig=j6qsYPvuLVnKWJqLsqvscg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516756876103948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516746780414435, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=hTqidO8skWe92a6leaIuTg==, figureFileBig=j1WcJ53t8y2etuRfZsVSYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516756959990038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516746780414435, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption=
Effects of OCA on the composition of gut microbiota (GM) of the tested mice. A: The species accumulation boxplot; B: Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) on the OTU level; C: Microbiota composition at phylum level; D: Microbiota composition at family level; E: Microbiota composition at genus level. F: GM changes at phylum level; G: GM changes at family level; H: GM changes at genus level. n = 7 (MCS and MCD groups) or 6 (OCA group), $ \overline{x} $ ± s. *P < 0.05 vs MCS group; #P < 0.05 vs MCD group. OTU: Operational taxonomic units , figureFileSmall=hTqidO8skWe92a6leaIuTg==, figureFileBig=j1WcJ53t8y2etuRfZsVSYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516757048070434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516746780414435, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=33EHDFknu7r0zMThJ1al0g==, figureFileBig=wp9r3SwF/Rb9er6RB0j0mw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516757144539435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516746780414435, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption=
Spearman correlation analysis of abnormal changes in serum lipids and bile acids (BAs), and GM of the tested mice. A: The correlation of GM and lipids at phylum level; B: The correlation of GM and lipids at family level; C: The correlation of GM and BAs at phylum level; D: The correlation of GM and BAs at family level , figureFileSmall=33EHDFknu7r0zMThJ1al0g==, figureFileBig=wp9r3SwF/Rb9er6RB0j0mw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516757249397043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516746780414435, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Group | Chao1 | ACE | Shannon | Simpson |
| MCS | 208.18 ± 11.27 | 213.82 ± 11.78 | 2.77 ± 0.21 | 0.7 ± 0.04 |
| MCD | 169.72 ± 8.84* | 174.59 ± 8.73* | 2.63 ± 0.13 | 0.73 ± 0.03 |
| OCA | 200.18 ± 43.34 | 209.53 ± 42.38 | 2.49 ± 0.25 | 0.66 ± 0.04 |
), ArticleFig(id=1210516757337477435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516746780414435, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=
Effects of OCA on alpha diversity of gut microbiota of the tested mice. n = 7 (MCS and MCD groups) or 6 (OCA group), $ \overline{x} $ ± s. *P < 0.05 vs MCS group
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Group | Chao1 | ACE | Shannon | Simpson |
| MCS | 208.18 ± 11.27 | 213.82 ± 11.78 | 2.77 ± 0.21 | 0.7 ± 0.04 |
| MCD | 169.72 ± 8.84* | 174.59 ± 8.73* | 2.63 ± 0.13 | 0.73 ± 0.03 |
| OCA | 200.18 ± 43.34 | 209.53 ± 42.38 | 2.49 ± 0.25 | 0.66 ± 0.04 |
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| Class | MCS/ng·mL-1 | MCD/ng·mL-1 | OCA/ng·mL-1 |
| Nor-deoxycholic acid | 17.05 ± 5.01 | 313.05 ± 44.91** | 16.45 ± 5.37## |
| β-Muricholic acid | 373.67 ± 201.68 | 1 146.65 ± 338.29* | 1 259.91 ± 533.57 |
| Hyocholic acid | 9.03 ± 2.54 | 25.20 ± 7.70* | 47.73 ± 19.38 |
| Norcholic acid | 3.83 ± 2.38 | 25.50 ± 4.40** | 20.62 ± 5.43 |
| α-Muricholic acid | 49.01 ± 28.58 | 142.18 ± 60.43* | 150.81 ± 70.67 |
| 7-Ketodeoxycholic acid | 593.09 ± 265.73 | 1 622.77 ± 460.00* | 1 613.28 ± 614.61 |
| Ursocholic acid | 14.12 ± 5.94 | 52.52 ± 16.41* | 48.16 ± 11.26 |
| Glycodeoxycholic acid | 0.04 ± 0.04 | 0.27 ±0.11* | /# |
| Glycocholic acid | 3.09 ± 2.59 | 8.93 ± 1.51* | 3.28 ± 1.10# |
| 6, 7-Diketolithocholic acid | / | / | 1.37 ± 0.77# |
| Hyodeoxycholic acid | 51.94 ± 30.19 | 34.32 ± 4.79 | 15.00 ± 4.03# |
| 3β-Deoxycholic acid | 5.61 ± 1.47 | 6.50 ± 1.71 | 3.00 ± 0.86# |
| Taurodeoxycholic acid | 242.53 ± 187.29 | 215.74 ± 44.37 | 45.45 ± 13.32# |
| Taurolithocholic acid | 22.92 ± 17.00 | 13.10 ± 2.45 | 5.62 ± 0.94# |
| Taurocholic acid | 4 657.33 ± 4 138.89 | 4 169.52 ± 641.63 | 1 749.23 ± 274.06# |
| Total bile acid | 12 850.46 ± 9 186.08 | 18 047.52 ± 2 311.95* | 14 826.30 ± 4 052.64 |
| Primary bile acid | 1 407.14 ± 747.72 | 2 934.81 ± 836.80 | 2 941.80 ± 1 136.52 |
| Secondary bile acid | 11 443.31 ± 8 444.67 | 15 112.71 ± 1 689.75* | 11 884.49 ± 2 970.99 |
| Primary/secondary bile acid | 5.31 ± 0.96 | 6.27 ± 4.03* | 3.17 ± 0.36# |
| Conjugated bile acid | 9 001.42 ± 7 822.37 | 10 078.57 ± 1 494.23 | 6 962.86 ± 1 207.94 |
| Unconjugated bile acid | 3 849.03 ± 1 485.18 | 7 968.96 ± 2 148.21* | 7 863.44 ± 3 097.80 |
| Conjugated/unconjugated bile acid | 0.44 ± 0.20 | 1.08 ± 0.67 | 0.59 ± 0.05 |
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Effect of OCA on serum bile acids of the tested mice. n = 7 (MCS and MCD groups) or 6 (OCA group), $ \overline{x} $ ± s. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs MCS group. #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 vs MCD group. /: Undetected
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| Class | MCS/ng·mL-1 | MCD/ng·mL-1 | OCA/ng·mL-1 |
| Nor-deoxycholic acid | 17.05 ± 5.01 | 313.05 ± 44.91** | 16.45 ± 5.37## |
| β-Muricholic acid | 373.67 ± 201.68 | 1 146.65 ± 338.29* | 1 259.91 ± 533.57 |
| Hyocholic acid | 9.03 ± 2.54 | 25.20 ± 7.70* | 47.73 ± 19.38 |
| Norcholic acid | 3.83 ± 2.38 | 25.50 ± 4.40** | 20.62 ± 5.43 |
| α-Muricholic acid | 49.01 ± 28.58 | 142.18 ± 60.43* | 150.81 ± 70.67 |
| 7-Ketodeoxycholic acid | 593.09 ± 265.73 | 1 622.77 ± 460.00* | 1 613.28 ± 614.61 |
| Ursocholic acid | 14.12 ± 5.94 | 52.52 ± 16.41* | 48.16 ± 11.26 |
| Glycodeoxycholic acid | 0.04 ± 0.04 | 0.27 ±0.11* | /# |
| Glycocholic acid | 3.09 ± 2.59 | 8.93 ± 1.51* | 3.28 ± 1.10# |
| 6, 7-Diketolithocholic acid | / | / | 1.37 ± 0.77# |
| Hyodeoxycholic acid | 51.94 ± 30.19 | 34.32 ± 4.79 | 15.00 ± 4.03# |
| 3β-Deoxycholic acid | 5.61 ± 1.47 | 6.50 ± 1.71 | 3.00 ± 0.86# |
| Taurodeoxycholic acid | 242.53 ± 187.29 | 215.74 ± 44.37 | 45.45 ± 13.32# |
| Taurolithocholic acid | 22.92 ± 17.00 | 13.10 ± 2.45 | 5.62 ± 0.94# |
| Taurocholic acid | 4 657.33 ± 4 138.89 | 4 169.52 ± 641.63 | 1 749.23 ± 274.06# |
| Total bile acid | 12 850.46 ± 9 186.08 | 18 047.52 ± 2 311.95* | 14 826.30 ± 4 052.64 |
| Primary bile acid | 1 407.14 ± 747.72 | 2 934.81 ± 836.80 | 2 941.80 ± 1 136.52 |
| Secondary bile acid | 11 443.31 ± 8 444.67 | 15 112.71 ± 1 689.75* | 11 884.49 ± 2 970.99 |
| Primary/secondary bile acid | 5.31 ± 0.96 | 6.27 ± 4.03* | 3.17 ± 0.36# |
| Conjugated bile acid | 9 001.42 ± 7 822.37 | 10 078.57 ± 1 494.23 | 6 962.86 ± 1 207.94 |
| Unconjugated bile acid | 3 849.03 ± 1 485.18 | 7 968.96 ± 2 148.21* | 7 863.44 ± 3 097.80 |
| Conjugated/unconjugated bile acid | 0.44 ± 0.20 | 1.08 ± 0.67 | 0.59 ± 0.05 |
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