Article(id=1210516744284803494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210516741998907791, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0669, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1653926400000, receivedDateStr=2022-05-31, revisedDate=1655395200000, revisedDateStr=2022-06-17, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766539282150, onlineDateStr=2025-12-24, pubDate=1665504000000, pubDateStr=2022-10-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766539282150, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766539282150, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766539282150, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1210516741998907791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2022', volume='57', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='3258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766539281606, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766539576214, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210517977762500872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210516741998907791, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210517977762500873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210516741998907791, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2932, endPage=2948, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1210516746855911914, articleId=1210516744284803494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Advances on Keap1-Nrf2 protein-protein interaction inhibitors and degraders, columnId=1210516743097815441, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Special Reports Ⅰ: New Targets, New Strategies for Drug Discovery and Advances in Antiviral Drug Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Oxidative stress is a redox imbalance in the body, which is one of the important factors leading to tissue damage and diseases. The nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-Kelch like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) signaling pathway is not only an important defense system against oxidative damage, but also one of the key signaling pathways of the antioxidant capacity. Numerous studies have shown that targeting the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway to activate Nrf2 has become an effective strategy for the treatment of oxidative stress and related diseases. Using small molecules to directly block the Keap1-Nrf2 protein-protein interaction (PPI) is one of the important directions for activating Nrf2 and exerting the cytoprotective effect, which can avoid the potential side effects of covalent modification of Nrf2. On the other hand, the Keap1 is an efficient E3 ubiquitin ligase that has been used in the design of proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs). This review summarizes the research progresses of Keap1-Nrf2 protein interaction inhibitors and degraders based on the Keap1 E3 ubiquitination system in recent years.
, correspAuthors=Chun-lin ZHUANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2022 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jian-yu YAN, Guo-dong LIU, Zhen-yuan MIAO, Chun-lin ZHUANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1210516755672338581, articleId=1210516744284803494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=Keap1-Nrf2蛋白相互作用小分子抑制剂及降解剂研究进展, columnId=1210516743232033171, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=专题报道Ⅰ:药物发现的新靶标、新策略与抗病毒药物研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
氧化应激是机体内一种氧化还原失衡状态, 是导致组织损伤和疾病发生的重要因素之一。核因子E2相关因子2 (nuclear factor E2-related factor 2, Nrf2)-Kelch样环氧氯丙烷相关蛋白1 (Kelch like ECH-associated protein 1, Keap1) 信号通路不仅是抵御氧化应激损伤的重要防御系统, 也是增强机体抗氧化能力的关键信号通路之一。大量研究表明, 靶向Keap1-Nrf2信号通路并激活Nrf2已经成为治疗氧化应激和相关疾病的有效策略。运用小分子直接阻断Keap1-Nrf2蛋白-蛋白相互作用(protein-protein interaction, PPI) 是激活Nrf2并且发挥保护作用的重要方向之一, 可以避免共价修饰激活Nrf2的潜在不良反应。另一方面, Keap1作为新型E3泛素化酶工具, 已被用于蛋白水解靶向嵌合体(proteolysis targeting chimeras, PROTACs) 的设计。本文综述了近年来Keap1-Nrf2蛋白相互作用抑制剂和基于Keap1 E3泛素化系统的降解剂的研究进展。
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62: 3840-3856., articleTitle=Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) inhibition: an emerging strategy in cancer therapy, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1210516764518126193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516744284803494, awardId=82022065, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金“优秀青年基金”资助项目(82022065), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1210516764660732536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516744284803494, awardId=21SG038, language=CN, fundingSource=上海市曙光学者计划资助项目(21SG038), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1210516756070797496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516744284803494, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210516756079186105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516744284803494, companyId=1210516756070797496, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210516756087574714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516744284803494, companyId=1210516756070797496, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国人民解放军海军军医大学药学系, 上海 200433)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1210516759858254241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516744284803494, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=HLD3Y6rm4Th11LoiAv9cqQ==, figureFileBig=YPmypLLkYqeri6sfIUm9EQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516759975694762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516744284803494, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption=
The crystal structures of Keap1 with Nrf2, compound 1 and compound 2. The structures of compounds 1 and 2 , figureFileSmall=HLD3Y6rm4Th11LoiAv9cqQ==, figureFileBig=YPmypLLkYqeri6sfIUm9EQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516760227353020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516744284803494, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=gg5qu1uNZ7lPhsQEAtDO6Q==, figureFileBig=p8s7d1tIvAXOttFYZKJcVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516760311239107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516744284803494, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption=
The structures of compounds 3-5 and the structure-activity relationship , figureFileSmall=gg5qu1uNZ7lPhsQEAtDO6Q==, figureFileBig=p8s7d1tIvAXOttFYZKJcVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516760445456844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516744284803494, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=trBx/a+962Q+20peMfNQRg==, figureFileBig=4bbCVJvdrgUhb3sTSbgqQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516760567091664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516744284803494, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption=
The structures of compounds 6 and 7 , figureFileSmall=trBx/a+962Q+20peMfNQRg==, figureFileBig=4bbCVJvdrgUhb3sTSbgqQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516760659366356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516744284803494, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=QRCflkK9UMIlLQrfHCJZfA==, figureFileBig=BvvbhYgipu5XCIULOsMn1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516760747446749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516744284803494, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption=
The structures of compounds 2, 8 and 9 , figureFileSmall=QRCflkK9UMIlLQrfHCJZfA==, figureFileBig=BvvbhYgipu5XCIULOsMn1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516760831332835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516744284803494, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=tD16fZ3Ofo1Z8J4nh7Yktg==, figureFileBig=7jC7STDdrAMSXd6uVaNsuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516760957161959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516744284803494, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption=
Development of naphthalene sulfonamide inhibitors 10-21 , figureFileSmall=tD16fZ3Ofo1Z8J4nh7Yktg==, figureFileBig=7jC7STDdrAMSXd6uVaNsuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516761066213866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516744284803494, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=ZK347U20SZTdE47jgNWdnQ==, figureFileBig=3fXVIyOMQf6SdYB/8yYzCg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516761192042996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516744284803494, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption=
The structures of compounds 22-25 and the crystal structure of Keap1 with compound 25 , figureFileSmall=ZK347U20SZTdE47jgNWdnQ==, figureFileBig=3fXVIyOMQf6SdYB/8yYzCg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516761288511991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516744284803494, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=3SaMEmrYjude6FEIWDRvoQ==, figureFileBig=UEG9GUCI78QrsZLjmDmAKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516761384980988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516744284803494, language=CN, label=Figure 7, caption=
The structures of compounds 26-28 and the crystal structure of Keap1 with compound 27 , figureFileSmall=3SaMEmrYjude6FEIWDRvoQ==, figureFileBig=UEG9GUCI78QrsZLjmDmAKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516761489838593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516744284803494, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=yGtgoZsURaH8321Xzn4Wtw==, figureFileBig=Imx/SF4Iu6FTvQFUCAFdmA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516761615667721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516744284803494, language=CN, label=Figure 8, caption=
The structures of triazole small molecule inhibitors 29-37 and the crystal structure of Keap1 with compound 35 , figureFileSmall=yGtgoZsURaH8321Xzn4Wtw==, figureFileBig=Imx/SF4Iu6FTvQFUCAFdmA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516761720525328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516744284803494, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=w/Vt2O4+uEue7xZR0/yZSg==, figureFileBig=kYDxANIau3jrWsjewsW1Jg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516761829577241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516744284803494, language=CN, label=Figure 9, caption=
The structures of pyrazole carboxylic acid small molecule inhibitors 38-41 , figureFileSmall=w/Vt2O4+uEue7xZR0/yZSg==, figureFileBig=kYDxANIau3jrWsjewsW1Jg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516761980572196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516744284803494, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=d4Hre8FCa2QhX6SIjuc+gA==, figureFileBig=pEABS2LwJfqbL13Fvt2G8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516762093818410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516744284803494, language=CN, label=Figure 10, caption=
The structures of natural Keap1-Nrf2 protein-protein interaction small molecule inhibitors 54-57 , figureFileSmall=d4Hre8FCa2QhX6SIjuc+gA==, figureFileBig=pEABS2LwJfqbL13Fvt2G8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516762202870321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516744284803494, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=UB68bw7Ev81GVButTJnS6Q==, figureFileBig=U06v/dEp7VD8/vHpMvfvzg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516762362253880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516744284803494, language=CN, label=Figure 11, caption=
The crystal structures of Keap1 with linear 7-mer peptide and compound 59 and the chemical structures of compounds 58 and 59 , figureFileSmall=UB68bw7Ev81GVButTJnS6Q==, figureFileBig=U06v/dEp7VD8/vHpMvfvzg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516763586990657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516744284803494, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=24ve4CG2jutPEdete0vw3w==, figureFileBig=A2onqVJLxpbL/BDXtpXaHQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516763687653957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516744284803494, language=CN, label=Figure 12, caption=
The crystal structures of Keap1 with compound 61. The structures of compounds 60-64 , figureFileSmall=24ve4CG2jutPEdete0vw3w==, figureFileBig=A2onqVJLxpbL/BDXtpXaHQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516763788317260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516744284803494, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=MgL7ZktwBrFJUSb1FPd1aQ==, figureFileBig=TPvma93nLQbez5UKi6Jv7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516763914146390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516744284803494, language=CN, label=Figure 13, caption=
The structures of compounds 65-67 , figureFileSmall=MgL7ZktwBrFJUSb1FPd1aQ==, figureFileBig=TPvma93nLQbez5UKi6Jv7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516764035781212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516744284803494, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=6fRoSnwlSMNf2+lqyxdIPQ==, figureFileBig=VVNMdQ+mfgyZ6+1fW4Hbhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516764136444516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516744284803494, language=CN, label=Figure 14, caption=
The structures of compounds 68 and 69 , figureFileSmall=6fRoSnwlSMNf2+lqyxdIPQ==, figureFileBig=VVNMdQ+mfgyZ6+1fW4Hbhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516764228719208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516744284803494, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Compd. | Structure | Activity | Ref. |
| 42 |  | IC50 (2D-FIDA) = 118 μmol·L-1 | [15] |
| 43 |  | EC50 (FP) = 9.8 μmol·L-1 | [53] |
| 44 |  | Kd (FA) = 2.9 μmol·L-1 | [34] |
| 45 |  | Kd (FA) = 10.4 μmol·L-1 | [34] |
| 46 |  | / | [54] |
| 47 |  | EC2 (SPR) = 1.36 μmol·L-1 | [55] |
| 48 |  | IC50 = 22 nmol·L-1 Kd = 58.4 nmol·L-1 | [56] |
| 49 |  | Kd (FP) = 5.1 μmol·L-1 Kd (SPR) = 48.1 μmol·L-1 | [57] |
| 50 |  | EC50 = 1.46 μmol·L-1 | [58] |
| 51 |  | IC50 (FP) = 258 nmol·L-1 Kd (SPR) = 114 nmol·L-1 | [59] |
| 52 |  | IC50 (FP) = 2.7 μmol·L-1 Kd (SPR) = 158 nmol·L-1 | [59] |
| 53 |  | IC50 (FP) = 1.09 μmol·L-1 Kd (ITC) = 0.71 μmol·L-1 | [60] |
), ArticleFig(id=1210516764325188204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516744284803494, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=
Other Keap1-Nrf2 protein-protein interaction small molecule inhibitors
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Compd. | Structure | Activity | Ref. |
| 42 |  | IC50 (2D-FIDA) = 118 μmol·L-1 | [15] |
| 43 |  | EC50 (FP) = 9.8 μmol·L-1 | [53] |
| 44 |  | Kd (FA) = 2.9 μmol·L-1 | [34] |
| 45 |  | Kd (FA) = 10.4 μmol·L-1 | [34] |
| 46 |  | / | [54] |
| 47 |  | EC2 (SPR) = 1.36 μmol·L-1 | [55] |
| 48 |  | IC50 = 22 nmol·L-1 Kd = 58.4 nmol·L-1 | [56] |
| 49 |  | Kd (FP) = 5.1 μmol·L-1 Kd (SPR) = 48.1 μmol·L-1 | [57] |
| 50 |  | EC50 = 1.46 μmol·L-1 | [58] |
| 51 |  | IC50 (FP) = 258 nmol·L-1 Kd (SPR) = 114 nmol·L-1 | [59] |
| 52 |  | IC50 (FP) = 2.7 μmol·L-1 Kd (SPR) = 158 nmol·L-1 | [59] |
| 53 |  | IC50 (FP) = 1.09 μmol·L-1 Kd (ITC) = 0.71 μmol·L-1 | [60] |
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