Article(id=1210516743773090125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210516741998907791, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0521, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1651161600000, receivedDateStr=2022-04-29, revisedDate=1659024000000, revisedDateStr=2022-07-29, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766539282029, onlineDateStr=2025-12-24, pubDate=1665504000000, pubDateStr=2022-10-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766539282029, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766539282029, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766539282029, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1210516741998907791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2022', volume='57', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='3258', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766539281606, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766539576214, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210517977762500872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210516741998907791, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210517977762500873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210516741998907791, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3186, endPage=3194, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1210516744221880654, articleId=1210516743773090125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=The antitussive and expectorant mechanisms of deapio-platycodin D as determined by metabolomics, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
The UHPLC-LTQ-orbitrap-MS metabolomics technique was used to determine the effect of deapio-platycodin D (DPD) on endogenous metabolites in lung tissues of mice with ammonia-induced cough, and to identify the metabolic regulatory pathways of DPD in its antitussive and expectorant activities. This work was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine (Approval No. JZLLSC-20190235). Metabolites were identified by UHPLC-LTQ-orbitrap-MS method and the metabolic pathways related to differentially-expressed metabolites were analyzed by the MetaboAnalyst platform. DPD significantly prolonged (P < 0.05) cough latency, reduced the number of coughs, and significantly increased (P < 0.05) phenol red excretion in ammonia-induced cough mice. Twenty-five metabolites related to cough and 38 metabolites related to sputum excretion were identified by UHPLC-LTQ-orbitrap-MS. Changes in the metabolism of linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, glycerophospholipid, alanine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, and lysine degradation were evident with DPD treatment of ammonia-induced cough mice. Changes in the metabolism of linoleic acid, taurine and hypotaurine, glycerophospholipid, purines and pyrimidines, arachidonic acid and the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids after DPD treatment were related to phenol red excretion. Linoleic acid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism are common regulatory pathways by which DPD appears to exert its antitussive and expectorant activity. These metabolic pathways are closely related to anti-inflammatory pathways, immune function regulation, neurotransmitter release, cell signal transduction, energy metabolism and apoptosis. This study clarifies the antitussive and expectorant activity and mechanism of DPD.
, correspAuthors=Jin-xiang ZENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2022 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yuan-han ZHONG, Ling-long WANG, Zi-chao QIU, Shao-hui ZHONG, Xin-hong WANG, Jin-xiang ZENG, Xin-yu ZHANG, Fang-yuan LIU, Yu-jie WANG, Gen-lin SUN, Li-fen ZHOU, Guo-bing WEI, Guo-yue ZHONG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1210516746113511772, articleId=1210516743773090125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=基于代谢组学的去芹糖桔梗皂苷D镇咳祛痰机制研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
利用基于UHPLC-LTQ-orbitrap-MS的代谢组学技术, 分析去芹糖桔梗皂苷D (deapio-platycodin D, DPD) 对浓氨水引咳模型以及酚红排泄模型小鼠肺部组织内源性代谢物代谢紊乱的调控作用, 明确DPD发挥镇咳、祛痰活性的代谢调控途径。经江西中医药大学动物伦理委员会批准后(批准号: JZLLSC-20190235), 通过浓氨水引咳和酚红排泄实验评估DPD的镇咳、祛痰药效, 采用UHPLC-LTQ-orbitrap-MS方法筛选差异性代谢物, 利用MetaboAnalyst平台分析与差异性代谢物相关的代谢通路。结果表明, DPD能显著延长(P < 0.05) 模型小鼠咳嗽潜伏期, 减少咳嗽次数, 能显著增加(P < 0.05) 模型小鼠的酚红排泄量。通过UHPLC-LTQ-orbitrap-MS技术共鉴定出25种与咳嗽相关的差异性代谢物、38种与排痰相关的差异性代谢物, DPD能显著回调这些差异性代谢物水平。代谢通路分析结果显示亚油酸代谢, 花生四烯酸代谢, 甘油磷脂代谢, 丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢, 戊糖和葡萄糖醛酸相互转化与赖氨酸降解为其改善浓氨水引咳模型小鼠代谢紊乱的主要途径; 亚油酸代谢, 牛磺酸与亚牛磺酸代谢, 甘油磷脂代谢, 嘌呤代谢, 嘧啶代谢, 花生四烯酸代谢与不饱和脂肪酸代谢为其改善酚红排泄模型小鼠代谢紊乱的主要途径; 其中亚油酸代谢, 花生四烯酸代谢, 甘油磷脂代谢为DPD发挥镇咳祛痰活性的共有调控途径。这些代谢通路与抗炎、免疫功能调节、神经递质释放、细胞信号传导、能量代谢与细胞凋亡等的调控机制密切相关。本研究首次阐明了DPD的镇咳祛痰机制。
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Platycodon grandiflorum from different producion areas, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1210516756754461649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516743773090125, awardId=81860685, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(81860685), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1210516756855124958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516743773090125, awardId=82160736, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(82160736), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1210516756972565484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516743773090125, awardId=CXTD-22002, language=CN, fundingSource=江西中医药大学校级科技创新团队发展计划资助项目(CXTD-22002), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1210516746365170015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516743773090125, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210516746369364320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516743773090125, companyId=1210516746365170015, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Ethnic Minority Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210516746377752929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516743773090125, companyId=1210516746365170015, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.江西中医药大学中药资源与民族药研究中心, 江西 南昌 330004)]), AuthorCompany(id=1210516746516164962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516743773090125, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210516746524553571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516743773090125, companyId=1210516746516164962, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. College of Science and Technology, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210516746528747876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516743773090125, companyId=1210516746516164962, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.江西中医药大学科技学院, 江西 南昌 330004)]), AuthorCompany(id=1210516746621022566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516743773090125, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210516746641994087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516743773090125, companyId=1210516746621022566, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210516746650382696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516743773090125, companyId=1210516746621022566, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.江西中医药大学药学院, 江西 南昌 330004)]), AuthorCompany(id=1210516746730074474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516743773090125, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210516746738463083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516743773090125, companyId=1210516746730074474, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4. Large Precision Instrument Sharing Service Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210516746742657388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516743773090125, companyId=1210516746730074474, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.江西中医药大学大型精密仪器共享服务中心, 江西 南昌 330004)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1210516754770555655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516743773090125, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=V0BqjTGrA32KoGoaVIeuNw==, figureFileBig=TsjMNrfF0ZpeOThfF295gg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516754887996176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516743773090125, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption=
Principal component analysis (PCA) results in normal group vs model group. PCA in ESI+ (A) and ESI- (B) for antitussive assays; PCA in ESI+ (C) and ESI- (D) for expectorant assays , figureFileSmall=V0BqjTGrA32KoGoaVIeuNw==, figureFileBig=TsjMNrfF0ZpeOThfF295gg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516755181597482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516743773090125, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=BI6nZsK90U0FmGtFSBJg6g==, figureFileBig=dqT0c06lU72gPATAkAvNDQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516755290649397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516743773090125, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption=
Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) plots of antitussive and expectorant assays. OPLS-DA plots in ESI+ (A) and ESI- (B) for antitussive assays; OPLS-DA plots in ESI+ (C) and ESI- (D) for expectorant assays , figureFileSmall=BI6nZsK90U0FmGtFSBJg6g==, figureFileBig=dqT0c06lU72gPATAkAvNDQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516755391312707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516743773090125, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=3nGS/aeaqNjsMynxSv/RXg==, figureFileBig=kq4dGfySi9LLgIDrvOTvVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516755512947536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516743773090125, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption=
Summary of pathway analysis of antitussive (A) and expectorant assay (B) , figureFileSmall=3nGS/aeaqNjsMynxSv/RXg==, figureFileBig=kq4dGfySi9LLgIDrvOTvVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516755642970971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516743773090125, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Group | Drug treatment | Dosage/mg·kg-1·d-1 | Latent period/s | Frenquency of cough |
| Normal | Water | - | - | - |
| Model | Water | - | 8.06±1.80 | 52.50±5.42 |
| Pen | Pen | 100 | 23.53±2.48** | 30.00±3.53** |
| DPD-L | DPD | 10 | 10.57±1.17* | 46.90±5.02* |
| DPD-M | DPD | 20 | 16.09±3.57** | 31.40±4.40** |
| DPD-H | DPD | 40 | 16.48±2.51** | 22.60±3.37** |
), ArticleFig(id=1210516755894629228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516743773090125, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=
Antitussive activity of deapio-platycodin D (DPD). n = 8, $ \overline{x} $±s. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs model group. Pen: Pentoxyverine group; DPD-L: Deapio-platycodin D low dosage group; DPD-M: Deapio-platycodin D middle dosage group; DPD-H: Deapio-platycodin D high dosage group
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Group | Drug treatment | Dosage/mg·kg-1·d-1 | Latent period/s | Frenquency of cough |
| Normal | Water | - | - | - |
| Model | Water | - | 8.06±1.80 | 52.50±5.42 |
| Pen | Pen | 100 | 23.53±2.48** | 30.00±3.53** |
| DPD-L | DPD | 10 | 10.57±1.17* | 46.90±5.02* |
| DPD-M | DPD | 20 | 16.09±3.57** | 31.40±4.40** |
| DPD-H | DPD | 40 | 16.48±2.51** | 22.60±3.37** |
), ArticleFig(id=1210516755999486836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516743773090125, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Group | Drug treatment | Dosage/mg·kg-1·d-1 | Excretion of phenol red/μg·mL-1 |
| Normal | Water | - | - |
| Model | Water | - | 0.78±0.15 |
| AmCh | AmCh | 10 | 1.34±0.30** |
| DPD-L | DPD | 10 | 0.98±0.14* |
| DPD-M | DPD | 20 | 1.10±0.24** |
| DPD-H | DPD | 40 | 1.15±0.22** |
), ArticleFig(id=1210516756133704576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516743773090125, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=
Expectorant activity of DPD. n = 8, $ \overline{x} $±s. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs model group. AmCh: Ammonium chloride group
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Group | Drug treatment | Dosage/mg·kg-1·d-1 | Excretion of phenol red/μg·mL-1 |
| Normal | Water | - | - |
| Model | Water | - | 0.78±0.15 |
| AmCh | AmCh | 10 | 1.34±0.30** |
| DPD-L | DPD | 10 | 0.98±0.14* |
| DPD-M | DPD | 20 | 1.10±0.24** |
| DPD-H | DPD | 40 | 1.15±0.22** |
), ArticleFig(id=1210516756276310927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516743773090125, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Metabolite | Formula | Experimental m/z | Theoretical m/z | RT/min | VIP | Error/×10-6 | ESI mode | Variation trend |
| Normal/Model | Model/DPD-L | Model/DPD-M | Model/DPD-H |
| L-Aspartic acid | C4H7NO4 | 132.030 1 | 132.030 2 | 0.82 | 1.65 | -0.45 | - | ↓** | / | ↑# | ↑## |
| Fumaric acid | C4H4O4 | 150.980 4 | 150.980 4 | 0.87 | 1.48 | 0.13 | - | ↑** | / | ↓## | ↓## |
| 3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid | C7H7NO3 | 152.035 6 | 152.035 3 | 8.88 | 1.63 | 1.64 | - | ↑** | ↓# | ↓## | ↓## |
| Homovanillin | C9H10O3 | 167.069 5 | 167.070 3 | 12.27 | 1.63 | -4.79 | + | ↓** | ↑## | ↑## | ↑## |
| Oxoadipic acid | C6H8O5 | 205.034 7 | 205.035 4 | 1.19 | 1.65 | -3.22 | - | ↓** | / | ↑## | ↑## |
| Phosphoserine | C3H8NO6P | 229.979 0 | 229.980 1 | 0.83 | 1.51 | -4.87 | + | ↓** | / | ↑## | ↑## |
| PE(14∶1(9Z)/20∶5(5Z, 8Z, 11Z, 14Z, 17Z)) | C39H66NO8P | 244.153 1 | 244.152 1 | 4.36 | 1.36 | 4.14 | + | ↑** | ↓## | ↓## | ↓## |
| PC(18∶3(9Z, 12Z, 15Z)/P-18∶1(11Z)) | C44H80NO7P | 270.956 5 | 270.955 3 | 0.88 | 1.41 | 4.47 | + | ↑** | / | / | ↓## |
| Arachidonic acid | C20H32O2 | 305.246 2 | 305.247 5 | 16.90 | 1.40 | -4.16 | + | ↓** | ↑## | ↑## | ↑## |
| Cholestane-3, 7, 12, 25-tetrol-3-glucuronide | C33H56O10 | 307.200 4 | 307.201 0 | 13.86 | 1.06 | -2.08 | + | ↑** | ↓## | ↓## | ↓## |
| Uridine | C9H12N2O6 | 308.084 0 | 308.085 3 | 1.16 | 1.02 | -4.25 | + | ↓** | ↑## | ↑## | ↑## |
| Linoleic acid | C18H32O2 | 313.272 5 | 313.273 7 | 13.34 | 1.27 | -3.89 | + | ↓** | ↑## | ↑## | ↑## |
| PC(24∶1(15Z)/22∶5(7Z, 10Z, 13Z, 16Z, 19Z)) | C54H96NO8P | 314.230 2 | 314.230 4 | 8.29 | 1.31 | -0.70 | + | ↑** | ↓## | ↓## | ↓## |
| (6E, 8Z, 11Z, 14Z)-5-Hydroperoxyicosa-6, 8, 11, 14-tetraenoic acid | C20H32O4 | 317.211 6 | 317.211 7 | 11.09 | 1.10 | -0.44 | - | ↓** | ↑## | ↑## | ↑## |
| Uric acid | C5H4N4O3 | 335.049 2 | 335.049 4 | 1.14 | 1.05 | -0.57 | - | ↑** | ↓## | ↓## | ↓## |
| 13-L-Hydroperoxylinoleic acid | C18H32O4 | 335.219 7 | 335.219 3 | 10.34 | 1.32 | 1.31 | + | ↑** | / | ↓# | ↓## |
| Phenethylamine glucuronide | C14H19NO6 | 361.137 0 | 361.137 0 | 6.96 | 1.52 | -0.03 | + | ↑** | / | ↓## | ↓## |
| PE(22∶0/15∶0) | C42H84NO8P | 392.793 3 | 392.795 0 | 0.79 | 1.53 | -4.43 | + | ↓** | / | ↑## | ↑## |
| 24-Hydroxycalcitriol | C27H44O4 | 397.312 5 | 397.311 3 | 11.32 | 1.52 | 3.02 | + | ↓** | ↑## | ↑## | ↑## |
| 12-Keto-leukotriene B4 | C20H30O4 | 398.228 9 | 398.230 2 | 16.50 | 1.57 | -3.24 | + | ↓** | / | / | ↑## |
| Guanosine monophosphate | C10H14N5O8P | 408.028 8 | 408.029 2 | 0.87 | 1.37 | -1.10 | + | ↑** | ↓## | ↓## | ↓## |
| ADP | C10H15N5O10P2 | 450.017 0 | 450.018 6 | 0.92 | 1.30 | -3.49 | + | ↓** | ↑## | ↑## | ↑## |
| LysoPC(18∶0/0∶0) | C26H54NO7P | 504.346 0 | 504.345 4 | 11.14 | 1.37 | 1.17 | - | ↓** | ↑## | ↑## | ↑## |
| Cholesterol glucuronide | C33H54O7 | 527.375 0 | 527.374 3 | 15.11 | 1.11 | 1.31 | + | ↓** | / | ↑## | ↑## |
| LysoPC(20∶2(11Z, 14Z)/0∶0) | C28H54NO7P | 570.353 1 | 570.353 0 | 9.51 | 1.60 | 0.11 | + | ↓** | ↑## | ↑## | ↑## |
), ArticleFig(id=1210516756385362850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516743773090125, language=CN, label=Table 3, caption=
Information on differential metabolites in antitussive assays. **P < 0.01 vs normal group; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 vs model group. ↓: Down; ↑: Up; /: No change. VIP: Variable importance in projection
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Metabolite | Formula | Experimental m/z | Theoretical m/z | RT/min | VIP | Error/×10-6 | ESI mode | Variation trend |
| Normal/Model | Model/DPD-L | Model/DPD-M | Model/DPD-H |
| L-Aspartic acid | C4H7NO4 | 132.030 1 | 132.030 2 | 0.82 | 1.65 | -0.45 | - | ↓** | / | ↑# | ↑## |
| Fumaric acid | C4H4O4 | 150.980 4 | 150.980 4 | 0.87 | 1.48 | 0.13 | - | ↑** | / | ↓## | ↓## |
| 3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid | C7H7NO3 | 152.035 6 | 152.035 3 | 8.88 | 1.63 | 1.64 | - | ↑** | ↓# | ↓## | ↓## |
| Homovanillin | C9H10O3 | 167.069 5 | 167.070 3 | 12.27 | 1.63 | -4.79 | + | ↓** | ↑## | ↑## | ↑## |
| Oxoadipic acid | C6H8O5 | 205.034 7 | 205.035 4 | 1.19 | 1.65 | -3.22 | - | ↓** | / | ↑## | ↑## |
| Phosphoserine | C3H8NO6P | 229.979 0 | 229.980 1 | 0.83 | 1.51 | -4.87 | + | ↓** | / | ↑## | ↑## |
| PE(14∶1(9Z)/20∶5(5Z, 8Z, 11Z, 14Z, 17Z)) | C39H66NO8P | 244.153 1 | 244.152 1 | 4.36 | 1.36 | 4.14 | + | ↑** | ↓## | ↓## | ↓## |
| PC(18∶3(9Z, 12Z, 15Z)/P-18∶1(11Z)) | C44H80NO7P | 270.956 5 | 270.955 3 | 0.88 | 1.41 | 4.47 | + | ↑** | / | / | ↓## |
| Arachidonic acid | C20H32O2 | 305.246 2 | 305.247 5 | 16.90 | 1.40 | -4.16 | + | ↓** | ↑## | ↑## | ↑## |
| Cholestane-3, 7, 12, 25-tetrol-3-glucuronide | C33H56O10 | 307.200 4 | 307.201 0 | 13.86 | 1.06 | -2.08 | + | ↑** | ↓## | ↓## | ↓## |
| Uridine | C9H12N2O6 | 308.084 0 | 308.085 3 | 1.16 | 1.02 | -4.25 | + | ↓** | ↑## | ↑## | ↑## |
| Linoleic acid | C18H32O2 | 313.272 5 | 313.273 7 | 13.34 | 1.27 | -3.89 | + | ↓** | ↑## | ↑## | ↑## |
| PC(24∶1(15Z)/22∶5(7Z, 10Z, 13Z, 16Z, 19Z)) | C54H96NO8P | 314.230 2 | 314.230 4 | 8.29 | 1.31 | -0.70 | + | ↑** | ↓## | ↓## | ↓## |
| (6E, 8Z, 11Z, 14Z)-5-Hydroperoxyicosa-6, 8, 11, 14-tetraenoic acid | C20H32O4 | 317.211 6 | 317.211 7 | 11.09 | 1.10 | -0.44 | - | ↓** | ↑## | ↑## | ↑## |
| Uric acid | C5H4N4O3 | 335.049 2 | 335.049 4 | 1.14 | 1.05 | -0.57 | - | ↑** | ↓## | ↓## | ↓## |
| 13-L-Hydroperoxylinoleic acid | C18H32O4 | 335.219 7 | 335.219 3 | 10.34 | 1.32 | 1.31 | + | ↑** | / | ↓# | ↓## |
| Phenethylamine glucuronide | C14H19NO6 | 361.137 0 | 361.137 0 | 6.96 | 1.52 | -0.03 | + | ↑** | / | ↓## | ↓## |
| PE(22∶0/15∶0) | C42H84NO8P | 392.793 3 | 392.795 0 | 0.79 | 1.53 | -4.43 | + | ↓** | / | ↑## | ↑## |
| 24-Hydroxycalcitriol | C27H44O4 | 397.312 5 | 397.311 3 | 11.32 | 1.52 | 3.02 | + | ↓** | ↑## | ↑## | ↑## |
| 12-Keto-leukotriene B4 | C20H30O4 | 398.228 9 | 398.230 2 | 16.50 | 1.57 | -3.24 | + | ↓** | / | / | ↑## |
| Guanosine monophosphate | C10H14N5O8P | 408.028 8 | 408.029 2 | 0.87 | 1.37 | -1.10 | + | ↑** | ↓## | ↓## | ↓## |
| ADP | C10H15N5O10P2 | 450.017 0 | 450.018 6 | 0.92 | 1.30 | -3.49 | + | ↓** | ↑## | ↑## | ↑## |
| LysoPC(18∶0/0∶0) | C26H54NO7P | 504.346 0 | 504.345 4 | 11.14 | 1.37 | 1.17 | - | ↓** | ↑## | ↑## | ↑## |
| Cholesterol glucuronide | C33H54O7 | 527.375 0 | 527.374 3 | 15.11 | 1.11 | 1.31 | + | ↓** | / | ↑## | ↑## |
| LysoPC(20∶2(11Z, 14Z)/0∶0) | C28H54NO7P | 570.353 1 | 570.353 0 | 9.51 | 1.60 | 0.11 | + | ↓** | ↑## | ↑## | ↑## |
), ArticleFig(id=1210516756511191982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516743773090125, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Metabolite | Formula | Experimental m/z | Theoretical m/z | RT/min | VIP | Error/×10-6 | ESI mode | Variation trend |
| Normal/Model | Model/DPD-L | Model/DPD-M | Model/DPD-H |
| Taurine | C2H7NO3S | 148.003 4 | 148.003 9 | 0.84 | 1.40 | -3.38 | + | ↑** | / | ↓## | ↓## |
| Indoleacetaldehyde | C10H9NO | 160.075 3 | 160.075 7 | 1.60 | 1.13 | -2.50 | + | ↓** | ↑## | ↑## | ↑## |
| (8Z, 11Z, 14Z)-5, 6-Dihydroxyicosa-8, 11, 14-trienoic acid | C20H34O4 | 181.121 5 | 181.121 1 | 9.99 | 1.13 | 2.21 | + | ↑** | ↓## | ↓## | ↓## |
| 2-Hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propenoic acid | C9H8O4 | 213.075 2 | 213.075 7 | 15.86 | 1.60 | -2.35 | + | ↓** | ↑## | ↑## | ↑## |
| Citric acid | C6H8O7 | 215.015 3 | 215.016 2 | 1.08 | 1.22 | -4.19 | + | ↑** | ↓## | ↓## | ↓## |
| PE(22∶5(7Z, 10Z, 13Z, 16Z, 19Z)/20∶1(11Z)) | C47H82NO8P | 274.199 5 | 274.199 9 | 8.75 | 1.62 | -1.46 | + | ↑** | ↓## | ↓## | ↓## |
| L-Valine | C5H11NO2 | 276.190 5 | 276.191 8 | 0.76 | 1.48 | -4.71 | + | ↑** | ↓# | ↓## | ↓## |
| Uridine | C9H12N2O6 | 279.038 6 | 279.038 9 | 1.16 | 1.25 | -1.08 | - | ↓** | / | ↑## | ↑## |
| PC(20∶4(8Z, 11Z, 14Z, 17Z)/22∶6(4Z, 7Z, 10Z, 13Z, 16Z, 19Z)) | C50H80NO8P | 300.287 7 | 300.286 9 | 11.80 | 1.51 | 2.66 | + | ↓** | ↑## | ↑## | ↑## |
| Linoleic acid | C18H32O2 | 313.273 7 | 313.273 7 | 13.36 | 1.32 | 0.03 | + | ↓** | ↑## | ↑## | ↑## |
| PC(24∶1(15Z)/22∶2(13Z, 16Z)) | C54H102NO8P | 316.247 3 | 316.246 0 | 9.47 | 1.62 | 4.11 | + | ↑** | / | ↓# | ↓## |
| Uric acid | C10H12N4O6 | 335.050 4 | 335.049 4 | 1.14 | 1.38 | 2.98 | - | ↑** | / | / | ↓## |
| 20-Hydroxy-leukotriene B4 | C20H32O5 | 335.222 2 | 335.222 3 | 6.52 | 1.31 | -0.30 | + | ↑** | ↓# | ↓## | ↓## |
| Adenosine monophosphate | C10H14N5O7P | 346.056 3 | 346.055 8 | 0.87 | 1.45 | 1.44 | - | ↓** | ↑## | ↑## | ↑## |
| Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid | C20H34O2 | 348.288 7 | 348.289 7 | 15.33 | 1.46 | -2.87 | + | ↓** | ↑## | ↑## | ↑## |
| Docosahexaenoic acid | C22H32O2 | 361.272 2 | 361.273 7 | 14.38 | 1.35 | -4.15 | + | ↑** | / | ↓## | ↓## |
| (5Z)-7-[(2R, 3S)-3, 5-Dihydroxy-2-[(1E, 3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]cyclopentyl]hept-5-enoic acid | C20H34O5 | 377.228 3 | 377.229 8 | 9.34 | 1.46 | -3.98 | + | ↓** | ↑## | ↑## | ↑## |
| dUMP | C9H13N2O8P | 384.960 6 | 384.960 0 | 6.81 | 1.49 | 1.56 | + | ↑** | / | ↓## | ↓## |
| S-Adenosylhomocysteine | C14H20N6O5S | 385.128 3 | 385.128 9 | 1.16 | 1.58 | -1.56 | + | ↓** | / | ↑## | ↑## |
| PE(15∶0/14∶1(9Z)) | C34H66NO8P | 386.275 3 | 386.273 4 | 14.13 | 1.45 | 4.92 | + | ↓** | / | ↑## | ↑## |
| Arachidic acid | C20H40O2 | 395.361 9 | 395.363 2 | 12.50 | 1.31 | -3.29 | + | ↓** | ↑## | ↑## | ↑## |
| PC(20∶5(5Z, 8Z, 11Z, 14Z, 17Z)/P-16∶0) | C44H78NO7P | 401.761 6 | 401.761 0 | 6.91 | 1.52 | 1.49 | + | ↓** | ↑## | ↑## | ↑## |
| PC(22∶2(13Z, 16Z)/14∶0) | C44H84NO8P | 414.319 1 | 414.317 3 | 11.20 | 1.33 | 4.34 | + | ↓** | ↑## | ↑## | ↑## |
| PC(24∶0/P-18∶1(9Z)) | C50H98NO7P | 439.850 4 | 439.852 3 | 9.23 | 1.28 | -4.32 | + | ↓** | ↑## | ↑## | ↑## |
| PE(22∶5(4Z, 7Z, 10Z, 13Z, 16Z)/22∶0) | C49H88NO8P | 446.334 5 | 446.332 9 | 9.31 | 1.24 | 3.58 | + | ↓** | ↑## | ↑## | ↑## |
| LysoPC(14∶0/0∶0) | C22H46NO7P | 466.292 9 | 466.293 9 | 13.92 | 1.55 | -2.17 | - | ↓** | ↑# | ↑# | ↑## |
| LysoPA(18∶0/0∶0) | C21H43O7P | 480.308 4 | 480.308 5 | 13.83 | 1.49 | -0.21 | + | ↑** | ↓## | ↓## | ↓## |
| PC(24∶1(15Z)/18∶0) | C50H98NO8P | 498.397 9 | 498.398 6 | 6.01 | 1.65 | -1.40 | + | ↓** | ↑## | ↑## | ↑## |
| LysoPC(P-18∶0/0∶0) | C26H54NO6P | 508.374 0 | 508.376 2 | 14.31 | 1.22 | -4.33 | + | ↓** | ↑## | ↑## | ↑## |
| (2S)-2-({5-Amino-1-[(2R, 3R, 4S, 5R)-3, 4-dihydroxy-5-[(phosphonooxy)methyl]oxolan-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-4-yl}formamido)butanedioic acid | C13H19N4O12P | 523.069 8 | 523.068 3 | 5.07 | 1.26 | 2.87 | + | ↑** | ↓# | ↓## | ↓## |
| LysoPC(16∶0/0∶0) | C24H50NO7P | 530.302 2 | 530.301 9 | 13.50 | 1.41 | 0.57 | - | ↑** | ↓# | ↓# | ↓## |
| Glycocholic acid | C26H43NO6 | 532.289 3 | 532.289 2 | 15.08 | 1.60 | 0.19 | - | ↓** | / | ↑## | ↑## |
| LysoPC(20∶0/0∶0) | C28H58NO7P | 552.401 7 | 552.402 4 | 16.86 | 1.46 | -1.27 | + | ↓** | / | ↑## | ↑## |
| LysoPC(18∶1(9Z)/0∶0) | C26H52NO7P | 556.318 7 | 556.317 5 | 14.28 | 1.14 | 2.16 | - | ↑** | / | ↓# | ↓## |
| LysoPC(20∶2(11Z, 14Z)/0∶0) | C28H54NO7P | 592.360 4 | 592.362 0 | 14.35 | 1.07 | -2.70 | - | ↑** | / | / | ↓## |
| LysoPC(22∶5(4Z, 7Z, 10Z, 13Z, 16Z)/0∶0) | C30H52NO7P | 614.346 1 | 614.346 3 | 13.36 | 1.15 | -0.33 | - | ↓** | / | ↑# | ↑# |
| (5S, 6E, 8Z, 11Z, 14Z)-5-Hydroxyicosa-6, 8, 11, 14-tetraenoic acid | C20H32O3 | 623.469 5 | 623.467 1 | 7.35 | 1.43 | 3.85 | + | ↑** | / | / | ↓## |
| PC(20∶4(5Z, 8Z, 11Z, 14Z)/P-18∶1(9Z)) | C46H82NO7P | 814.572 9 | 814.572 1 | 7.01 | 1.49 | 0.98 | + | ↓** | ↑## | ↑## | ↑## |
), ArticleFig(id=1210516756620243902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516743773090125, language=CN, label=Table 4, caption=
Information on differential metabolites in expectorant assays. **P < 0.01 vs normal group; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 vs model group. ↓: Down; ↑: Up; /: No change
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Metabolite | Formula | Experimental m/z | Theoretical m/z | RT/min | VIP | Error/×10-6 | ESI mode | Variation trend |
| Normal/Model | Model/DPD-L | Model/DPD-M | Model/DPD-H |
| Taurine | C2H7NO3S | 148.003 4 | 148.003 9 | 0.84 | 1.40 | -3.38 | + | ↑** | / | ↓## | ↓## |
| Indoleacetaldehyde | C10H9NO | 160.075 3 | 160.075 7 | 1.60 | 1.13 | -2.50 | + | ↓** | ↑## | ↑## | ↑## |
| (8Z, 11Z, 14Z)-5, 6-Dihydroxyicosa-8, 11, 14-trienoic acid | C20H34O4 | 181.121 5 | 181.121 1 | 9.99 | 1.13 | 2.21 | + | ↑** | ↓## | ↓## | ↓## |
| 2-Hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propenoic acid | C9H8O4 | 213.075 2 | 213.075 7 | 15.86 | 1.60 | -2.35 | + | ↓** | ↑## | ↑## | ↑## |
| Citric acid | C6H8O7 | 215.015 3 | 215.016 2 | 1.08 | 1.22 | -4.19 | + | ↑** | ↓## | ↓## | ↓## |
| PE(22∶5(7Z, 10Z, 13Z, 16Z, 19Z)/20∶1(11Z)) | C47H82NO8P | 274.199 5 | 274.199 9 | 8.75 | 1.62 | -1.46 | + | ↑** | ↓## | ↓## | ↓## |
| L-Valine | C5H11NO2 | 276.190 5 | 276.191 8 | 0.76 | 1.48 | -4.71 | + | ↑** | ↓# | ↓## | ↓## |
| Uridine | C9H12N2O6 | 279.038 6 | 279.038 9 | 1.16 | 1.25 | -1.08 | - | ↓** | / | ↑## | ↑## |
| PC(20∶4(8Z, 11Z, 14Z, 17Z)/22∶6(4Z, 7Z, 10Z, 13Z, 16Z, 19Z)) | C50H80NO8P | 300.287 7 | 300.286 9 | 11.80 | 1.51 | 2.66 | + | ↓** | ↑## | ↑## | ↑## |
| Linoleic acid | C18H32O2 | 313.273 7 | 313.273 7 | 13.36 | 1.32 | 0.03 | + | ↓** | ↑## | ↑## | ↑## |
| PC(24∶1(15Z)/22∶2(13Z, 16Z)) | C54H102NO8P | 316.247 3 | 316.246 0 | 9.47 | 1.62 | 4.11 | + | ↑** | / | ↓# | ↓## |
| Uric acid | C10H12N4O6 | 335.050 4 | 335.049 4 | 1.14 | 1.38 | 2.98 | - | ↑** | / | / | ↓## |
| 20-Hydroxy-leukotriene B4 | C20H32O5 | 335.222 2 | 335.222 3 | 6.52 | 1.31 | -0.30 | + | ↑** | ↓# | ↓## | ↓## |
| Adenosine monophosphate | C10H14N5O7P | 346.056 3 | 346.055 8 | 0.87 | 1.45 | 1.44 | - | ↓** | ↑## | ↑## | ↑## |
| Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid | C20H34O2 | 348.288 7 | 348.289 7 | 15.33 | 1.46 | -2.87 | + | ↓** | ↑## | ↑## | ↑## |
| Docosahexaenoic acid | C22H32O2 | 361.272 2 | 361.273 7 | 14.38 | 1.35 | -4.15 | + | ↑** | / | ↓## | ↓## |
| (5Z)-7-[(2R, 3S)-3, 5-Dihydroxy-2-[(1E, 3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]cyclopentyl]hept-5-enoic acid | C20H34O5 | 377.228 3 | 377.229 8 | 9.34 | 1.46 | -3.98 | + | ↓** | ↑## | ↑## | ↑## |
| dUMP | C9H13N2O8P | 384.960 6 | 384.960 0 | 6.81 | 1.49 | 1.56 | + | ↑** | / | ↓## | ↓## |
| S-Adenosylhomocysteine | C14H20N6O5S | 385.128 3 | 385.128 9 | 1.16 | 1.58 | -1.56 | + | ↓** | / | ↑## | ↑## |
| PE(15∶0/14∶1(9Z)) | C34H66NO8P | 386.275 3 | 386.273 4 | 14.13 | 1.45 | 4.92 | + | ↓** | / | ↑## | ↑## |
| Arachidic acid | C20H40O2 | 395.361 9 | 395.363 2 | 12.50 | 1.31 | -3.29 | + | ↓** | ↑## | ↑## | ↑## |
| PC(20∶5(5Z, 8Z, 11Z, 14Z, 17Z)/P-16∶0) | C44H78NO7P | 401.761 6 | 401.761 0 | 6.91 | 1.52 | 1.49 | + | ↓** | ↑## | ↑## | ↑## |
| PC(22∶2(13Z, 16Z)/14∶0) | C44H84NO8P | 414.319 1 | 414.317 3 | 11.20 | 1.33 | 4.34 | + | ↓** | ↑## | ↑## | ↑## |
| PC(24∶0/P-18∶1(9Z)) | C50H98NO7P | 439.850 4 | 439.852 3 | 9.23 | 1.28 | -4.32 | + | ↓** | ↑## | ↑## | ↑## |
| PE(22∶5(4Z, 7Z, 10Z, 13Z, 16Z)/22∶0) | C49H88NO8P | 446.334 5 | 446.332 9 | 9.31 | 1.24 | 3.58 | + | ↓** | ↑## | ↑## | ↑## |
| LysoPC(14∶0/0∶0) | C22H46NO7P | 466.292 9 | 466.293 9 | 13.92 | 1.55 | -2.17 | - | ↓** | ↑# | ↑# | ↑## |
| LysoPA(18∶0/0∶0) | C21H43O7P | 480.308 4 | 480.308 5 | 13.83 | 1.49 | -0.21 | + | ↑** | ↓## | ↓## | ↓## |
| PC(24∶1(15Z)/18∶0) | C50H98NO8P | 498.397 9 | 498.398 6 | 6.01 | 1.65 | -1.40 | + | ↓** | ↑## | ↑## | ↑## |
| LysoPC(P-18∶0/0∶0) | C26H54NO6P | 508.374 0 | 508.376 2 | 14.31 | 1.22 | -4.33 | + | ↓** | ↑## | ↑## | ↑## |
| (2S)-2-({5-Amino-1-[(2R, 3R, 4S, 5R)-3, 4-dihydroxy-5-[(phosphonooxy)methyl]oxolan-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-4-yl}formamido)butanedioic acid | C13H19N4O12P | 523.069 8 | 523.068 3 | 5.07 | 1.26 | 2.87 | + | ↑** | ↓# | ↓## | ↓## |
| LysoPC(16∶0/0∶0) | C24H50NO7P | 530.302 2 | 530.301 9 | 13.50 | 1.41 | 0.57 | - | ↑** | ↓# | ↓# | ↓## |
| Glycocholic acid | C26H43NO6 | 532.289 3 | 532.289 2 | 15.08 | 1.60 | 0.19 | - | ↓** | / | ↑## | ↑## |
| LysoPC(20∶0/0∶0) | C28H58NO7P | 552.401 7 | 552.402 4 | 16.86 | 1.46 | -1.27 | + | ↓** | / | ↑## | ↑## |
| LysoPC(18∶1(9Z)/0∶0) | C26H52NO7P | 556.318 7 | 556.317 5 | 14.28 | 1.14 | 2.16 | - | ↑** | / | ↓# | ↓## |
| LysoPC(20∶2(11Z, 14Z)/0∶0) | C28H54NO7P | 592.360 4 | 592.362 0 | 14.35 | 1.07 | -2.70 | - | ↑** | / | / | ↓## |
| LysoPC(22∶5(4Z, 7Z, 10Z, 13Z, 16Z)/0∶0) | C30H52NO7P | 614.346 1 | 614.346 3 | 13.36 | 1.15 | -0.33 | - | ↓** | / | ↑# | ↑# |
| (5S, 6E, 8Z, 11Z, 14Z)-5-Hydroxyicosa-6, 8, 11, 14-tetraenoic acid | C20H32O3 | 623.469 5 | 623.467 1 | 7.35 | 1.43 | 3.85 | + | ↑** | / | / | ↓## |
| PC(20∶4(5Z, 8Z, 11Z, 14Z)/P-18∶1(9Z)) | C46H82NO7P | 814.572 9 | 814.572 1 | 7.01 | 1.49 | 0.98 | + | ↓** | ↑## | ↑## | ↑## |
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