Article(id=1210516654094676503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210516638089212895, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0433, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1649865600000, receivedDateStr=2022-04-14, revisedDate=1652976000000, revisedDateStr=2022-05-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766539260648, onlineDateStr=2025-12-24, pubDate=1662912000000, pubDateStr=2022-09-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766539260648, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766539260648, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766539260648, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1210516638089212895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2022', volume='57', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='2888', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766539256832, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766539546411, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210517852726096743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210516638089212895, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210517852726096744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210516638089212895, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2864, endPage=2875, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1210516654686073426, articleId=1210516654094676503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Bioinformatics and expressional analysis of WRKY transcription factor family in Baphicacanthus cusia, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

WRKY, a class of conserved transcription factors in plants, plays important roles in plant growth, development and secondary metabolism. In the present study, 65 WRKY members were identified from de novo transcriptome sequencing data of three different tissues (root, stems and leaves) of Baphicacanthus cusia. BcWRKY proteins contained from 221 to 706 amino acids and the isoelectric point is from 4.68 to 9.68. Molecular weights range from 25 711.8 to 75 475 Da. The main secondary structures of BcWRKYs protein are random coil. A subcellular localization prediction indicated that the putative BcWRKY proteins were enriched in the nuclear region. Phylogenetic analysis showed that BcWRKYs could be categorized into three groups and five subgroups (Group IIa, Group IIb, Group IIc, Group IId and Group IIe) in Group II. Structural analysis found that all BcWRKY proteins contained a highly conserved motif WRKYGQK. Finally, the transcriptional profiles of ten BcWRKY genes highly expressed in root, stem and leaf tissues under abscisic acid (ABA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), or salicylic acid (SA) treatment were systematically investigated using qRT-PCR analysis. Results showed that a total of ten BcWRKY genes were differentially expressed in response to ABA, MeJA, and SA treatment. This work would be provided a basis for further elucidating the molecular mechanism of WRKY transcription factors in the biosynthesis of indole alkaloids in B. cusia.

, correspAuthors=Yong DIAO, Lei ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2022 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Zhi-ying GUO, Qing LI, Xun-xun WU, Jun-feng CHEN, Yu-xiang HUANG, Xiao-juan MA, Yong DIAO, Lei ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1210516657278153530, articleId=1210516654094676503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=马蓝WRKY转录因子家族生物信息学及表达特征分析, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

WRKY转录因子是植物中一类保守的转录因子, 在植物生长发育和次生代谢过程中发挥重要的调控作用。本研究对马蓝(Baphicacanthus cusia) 不同组织(根、茎和叶) 的转录组数据进行分析, 共鉴定了65个马蓝WRKY (BcWRKY) 家族成员。其编码氨基酸长度约为221~706 aa, 等电点为4.68~9.68, 分子质量为25 711.8~75 475 Da, 二级结构主要为无规则卷曲, 亚细胞定位预测显示多数BcWRKYs定位在细胞核中。系统进化分析将其分为3大族, 其中第二大族(Group II) 又可分为5个亚族(Group IIa、Group IIb、Group IIc、Group IId和Group IIe)。结构域分析显示BcWRKY均含有高度保守的WRKYGQK基序。利用实时荧光定量PCR (RT-PCR) 对马蓝根、茎和叶中高表达的10个WRKY基因进行检测, 发现均可响应脱落酸(abscisic acid, ABA)、茉莉酸甲酯(methyl jasmonate, MeJA) 和水杨酸(salicylic acid, SA) 的诱导。本研究为进一步阐明马蓝中吲哚生物碱生物合成中WRKY转录因子的分子机制提供基础。

, correspAuthors=刁勇, 张磊, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*刁勇, Tel: 86-595-22692516, E-mail: ;
张磊, Tel: 86-021-81871307, E-mail:
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BcWRKYs (blue), SmWRKYs (red), AtWRKYs (orange) and CrWRKYs (green) , figureFileSmall=m3LWJcGY5YIGzqj9iDYbQQ==, figureFileBig=rSTo6C4dOI0dRRw5wpnJPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516663804489877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516654094676503, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=p9buVtddk8+gRBj2IraKjw==, figureFileBig=pXs8wc0q3zdnoO4rgpnJIQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516663875793048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516654094676503, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= Alignment of conserved motifs of the BcWRKY family in <i>B. cusia</i> , figureFileSmall=p9buVtddk8+gRBj2IraKjw==, figureFileBig=pXs8wc0q3zdnoO4rgpnJIQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516663976456350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516654094676503, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=g8YSUiPL+aH1ewaI00yeUA==, figureFileBig=ReUGtc4TwVwCkv9JGVreKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516664077119645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516654094676503, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= Conservation and diversity of motifs in 65 BcWRKY proteins. The bit score indicates the frequency of the amino acids at each position in the sequences , figureFileSmall=g8YSUiPL+aH1ewaI00yeUA==, figureFileBig=ReUGtc4TwVwCkv9JGVreKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516664177782948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516654094676503, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=ImlI2xUPZEEjenbwEM7LEg==, figureFileBig=Y91OdRrAMgXUNj1VHCgz+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516664265863336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516654094676503, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption= Hierarchical clustering and expression profiles of the 65 <i>BcWRKY</i>s in different organs/tissues in <i>B. cusia.</i> Blocks with colors indicate low/down expression (blue), high/up expression (yellow) or no expression/no change (gray) , figureFileSmall=ImlI2xUPZEEjenbwEM7LEg==, figureFileBig=Y91OdRrAMgXUNj1VHCgz+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516664370720938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516654094676503, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=4v58/HOzxAqi97Qf1WjdRQ==, figureFileBig=/QtTjw5UllzxU1hGUPISbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516664450412717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516654094676503, language=CN, label=Figure 7, caption= Expression verification of the selected <i>BcWRKY</i> genes revealed by qPCR. Expression patterns of ten selected <i>BcWRKY</i> genes in response to abscisic acid (ABA, 100 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup>), methyl jasmonate (MeJA, 100 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup>) and salicylic acid (SA, 100 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup>) treatments after 72 h. The <i>18S</i> gene was used as an internal control to normalize the data. Error bars are standard deviations of three biological replicates. Statistical significance was determined by Student's <i>t</i>-test (<sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01; <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05). Asterisks indicate the difference between treated and nontreated plants , figureFileSmall=4v58/HOzxAqi97Qf1WjdRQ==, figureFileBig=/QtTjw5UllzxU1hGUPISbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516664534298802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516654094676503, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
PrimerPrimer sequence (5′-3′)
qBcWRKY2-FAAGCGCGTGGAGAGATCATA
qBcWRKY2-RTGTAGAGGTTTTGACGGGCT
qBcWRKY36-FCTCGTGCCTATTACCGTTGC
qBcWRKY36-RACTGGGCATGGATCCTGAAA
qBcWRKY7-FAAATGGAAGAAAACGCCGCT
qBcWRKY7-RTCTTGAATTTGTGGACGGCG
qBcWRKY65-FGAGACACGGAAACATGGACG
qBcWRKY65-RCTGTTTGGTAGCAGGGCATC
qBcWRKY32-FAACTGGAGGAAATACGGGCA
qBcWRKY32-RGGATCGTGATTGTGATGCCC
qBcWRKY61-FAAGCACAGTTGTATCCCCGA
qBcWRKY61-RTGGTGTGGAAGGGATGGAAA
qBcWRKY19-FACCTAATTCGTTGCCGCAAA
qBcWRKY19-RCGTCTTGAAGGAGCCCATTG
qBcWRKY40-FACAACCACTCGATTCCCACT
qBcWRKY40-RCGAAATCTTCTAACCCGGCG
qBcWRKY1-FCTTCTCTCCCGAAATTGCCG
qBcWRKY1-RTGGGGTGGTTATGAGTTCCC
qBcWRKY47-FAGGGTGAGTGCTGAGAACAA
qBcWRKY47-RTGGCCCTGTATTGACCACAT
18S-FGCTTCCCTCCCGACAATTTC
18S-RAGTCGGGTTGTTTGGGAATG
), ArticleFig(id=1210516664630767797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516654094676503, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

Real-time PCR primer sequences

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
PrimerPrimer sequence (5′-3′)
qBcWRKY2-FAAGCGCGTGGAGAGATCATA
qBcWRKY2-RTGTAGAGGTTTTGACGGGCT
qBcWRKY36-FCTCGTGCCTATTACCGTTGC
qBcWRKY36-RACTGGGCATGGATCCTGAAA
qBcWRKY7-FAAATGGAAGAAAACGCCGCT
qBcWRKY7-RTCTTGAATTTGTGGACGGCG
qBcWRKY65-FGAGACACGGAAACATGGACG
qBcWRKY65-RCTGTTTGGTAGCAGGGCATC
qBcWRKY32-FAACTGGAGGAAATACGGGCA
qBcWRKY32-RGGATCGTGATTGTGATGCCC
qBcWRKY61-FAAGCACAGTTGTATCCCCGA
qBcWRKY61-RTGGTGTGGAAGGGATGGAAA
qBcWRKY19-FACCTAATTCGTTGCCGCAAA
qBcWRKY19-RCGTCTTGAAGGAGCCCATTG
qBcWRKY40-FACAACCACTCGATTCCCACT
qBcWRKY40-RCGAAATCTTCTAACCCGGCG
qBcWRKY1-FCTTCTCTCCCGAAATTGCCG
qBcWRKY1-RTGGGGTGGTTATGAGTTCCC
qBcWRKY47-FAGGGTGAGTGCTGAGAACAA
qBcWRKY47-RTGGCCCTGTATTGACCACAT
18S-FGCTTCCCTCCCGACAATTTC
18S-RAGTCGGGTTGTTTGGGAATG
), ArticleFig(id=1210516664697876667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516654094676503, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Gene nameID (mRNA)Number of amino acidsMolecular weight/DapIAliphatic indexGrand average of hydropathicity (GRAVY)Instability indexSubcellular localizationAlpha helixExtended strandBeta turnRandom coil
BcWRKY1 c190_g1_i1 539 58 635.3 6.9 51.09 -0.874 57.73 nucl: 7, pero: 3, chlo: 2, mito: 2 11.32 10.39 3.34 74.95
BcWRKY2 c1090_g1_i1 332 36 905.8 6.22 46.17 -0.897 63.53 nucl: 14 24.1 8.13 1.81 65.96
BcWRKY3 c6524_g1_i1 338 36 881.5 5.53 52.01 -0.788 59.47 nucl: 12, chlo: 1 14.2 11.24 3.25 71.3
BcWRKY4 c6524_g1_i2 338 36 881.5 5.53 52.01 -0.788 59.47 nucl: 12, chlo: 1 14.2 11.24 3.25 71.3
BcWRKY5 c13968_g1_i1 342 38 447.4 6.46 46.55 -0.913 63.72 nucl: 13 25.44 7.89 3.51 63.16
BcWRKY6 c13968_g1_i2 342 38 447.4 6.46 46.55 -0.913 63.72 nucl: 13 25.44 7.89 3.51 63.16
BcWRKY7 c16804_g1_i1 331 35 780.5 9.68 61.66 -0.618 51.3 nucl: 14 20.24 8.76 2.72 68.28
BcWRKY8 c17876_g1_i1 496 54 203.7 9.17 59.88 -0.659 47.43 nucl: 14 31.05 13.1 4.23 51.61
BcWRKY9 c27862_g1_i1 360 40 237.4 5.17 57.25 -0.728 52.16 nucl: 13.5, cyto_nucl: 7.5 19.17 11.94 3.33 65.56
BcWRKY10 c29172_g1_i2 573 62 035.5 7.01 57.03 -0.797 49.42 nucl: 14 8.55 13.26 4.19 74
BcWRKY11 c41505_g1_i1 440 47 882.4 8.01 68.57 -0.585 32.65 nucl: 7.5, cyto_nucl: 6, cyto: 3.5, chlo: 2 28.86 9.77 3.41 57.95
BcWRKY12 c41505_g1_i2 476 51 867 8.01 69.12 -0.528 32.93 nucl: 6, cyto: 4, chlo: 2, vacu: 1 29.41 10.08 2.52 57.98
BcWRKY13 c50218_g1_i2 508 57 144.8 6.71 52.24 -0.875 47.08 nucl: 14 12.4 11.61 2.36 73.62
BcWRKY14 c62580_g1_i1 324 36 600.5 5.27 66.51 -0.822 42.22 nucl: 13 27.47 12.04 3.7 56.79
BcWRKY15 c66932_g1_i2 480 52 271.8 7.25 57.33 -0.789 57.55 nucl: 14 12.29 12.92 3.12 71.67
BcWRKY16 c70343_g1_i2 321 34 333 9.61 64.45 -0.416 35.24 nucl: 14 19.94 10.28 4.98 64.8
BcWRKY17 c70386_g1_i1 315 35 480.1 5.16 54.89 -0.709 56.74 nucl: 14 28.57 7.94 4.13 59.37
BcWRKY18 c72750_g1_i1 430 47 429 7.56 61.51 -0.72 35.15 nucl: 13 31.63 14.42 4.65 49.3
BcWRKY19 c74396_g1_i1 326 36 371.2 5.68 54.17 -0.837 55.78 nucl: 14 29.45 13.8 3.99 52.76
BcWRKY20 c76584_g1_i2 459 49 228.3 5.63 58.52 -0.703 54.09 nucl: 13 18.3 7.84 3.92 69.93
BcWRKY21 c76584_g1_i3 435 47 343.3 5.2 53.68 -0.735 54.35 nucl: 13 18.16 9.66 2.99 69.2
BcWRKY22 c80274_g1_i2 337 37 705.9 6.27 54.48 -0.818 67.19 nucl: 13.5, cyto_nucl: 7.5 28.49 8.01 2.67 60.83
BcWRKY23 c80450_g1_i1 333 36 496.8 5.7 57.78 -0.808 48.49 nucl: 13 21.02 9.01 4.5 65.47
BcWRKY24 c80916_g1_i3 264 29 442.1 7.1 76.86 -0.637 56.42 nucl: 13 36.74 15.53 1.52 46.21
BcWRKY25 c80916_g1_i5 352 39 583 8.08 86.16 -0.379 44.39 32.67 14.49 2.56 50.28
BcWRKY26 c83416_g1_i1 288 32 644.7 6.39 74.1 -0.614 47.66 nucl: 7, cyto: 4, plas: 1, extr: 1 29.86 7.64 4.86 57.64
BcWRKY27 c83416_g1_i2 221 25 711.8 6.16 63.94 -0.597 39.98 nucl: 7, cyto: 3, pero: 2, extr: 1 25.79 14.03 6.79 53.39
BcWRKY28 c83588_g1_i3 706 75 475 5.67 54.29 -0.728 49.68 nucl: 14 11.19 9.77 3.4 75.64
BcWRKY29 c86119_g1_i1 509 56 066.3 6.38 59.88 -0.922 61.36 nucl: 14 15.52 9.43 2.95 72.1
BcWRKY30 c86991_g1_i3 305 34 099.5 4.68 57.84 -0.943 74.88 nucl: 12, mito: 1 11.8 9.84 2.62 75.74
BcWRKY31 c87043_g1_i4 401 44 753.9 5.75 50.07 -0.837 67.53 nucl: 12, chlo: 1 16.46 12.22 2.24 69.08
BcWRKY32 c87440_g1_i2 487 53 658.1 7.64 62.87 -0.729 59.71 nucl: 14 13.35 15.81 3.49 67.35
BcWRKY33 c89989_g2_i2 313 34 038.6 7.8 47.51 -0.77 55.18 nucl: 14 23 7.03 1.92 68.05
BcWRKY34 c89989_g2_i3 285 30 892.1 7.13 45.33 -0.792 58.42 nucl: 14 21.05 11.23 1.75 65.96
BcWRKY35 c90764_g1_i1 465 50 697.8 8.24 69.53 -0.556 46.95 nucl: 10, cyto: 2, chlo: 1 32.26 10.32 2.8 54.62
BcWRKY36 c91203_g1_i1 562 59 939.7 7.15 61.55 -0.608 50.73 nucl: 11, mito: 2 29.18 11.03 4.27 55.52
BcWRKY37 c91932_g1_i2 499 55 054.2 6.32 63.09 -0.78 61.98 nucl: 12, chlo: 1 11.02 13.63 3.21 72.14
BcWRKY38 c92553_g1_i1 473 52 040.9 8.35 55.05 -0.765 49.29 nucl: 14 26.22 9.09 1.9 62.79
BcWRKY39 c92742_g1_i2 329 36 034.4 6.25 58.42 -0.669 49.89 nucl: 14 34.04 9.42 1.52 55.02
BcWRKY40 c93652_g2_i2 320 35 087 5.82 58.56 -0.692 57.68 nucl: 14 22.19 6.88 5 65.94
BcWRKY41 c93652_g2_i3 282 30 864.2 5.91 54.08 -0.774 52.53 nucl: 14 23.05 7.8 4.26 64.89
BcWRKY42 c94067_g1_i1 343 38 490.6 9.62 65.07 -0.786 52.13 nucl: 13 22.74 9.62 4.66 62.97
BcWRKY43 c94067_g1_i2 351 39 396.5 9.55 61.71 -0.829 58.95 nucl: 14 27.92 13.68 4.27 54.13
BcWRKY44 c94067_g1_i4 343 38 490.6 9.62 65.07 -0.786 52.13 nucl: 13 22.74 9.62 4.66 62.97
BcWRKY45 c94386_g1_i1 434 47 408.4 8.85 67.37 -0.676 51.02 nucl: 6, cyto: 5, chlo: 2 12.9 11.52 3.46 72.12
BcWRKY46 c94386_g1_i2 434 47 408.4 8.85 67.37 -0.676 51.02 nucl: 6, cyto: 5, chlo: 2 12.9 11.52 3.46 72.12
BcWRKY47 c95444_g2_i5 335 37 510.2 8.06 69.52 -0.788 47.91 nucl: 9, cyto: 4 27.76 11.64 1.49 59.1
BcWRKY48 c96888_g1_i1 652 71 147.5 5.5 57.33 -0.885 48.71 nucl: 14 22.85 11.35 2.45 63.34
BcWRKY49 c96888_g1_i2 643 70 023.4 5.54 58.13 -0.854 48.86 nucl: 14 24.11 11.66 2.8 61.43
BcWRKY50 c97318_g2_i1 342 37 501.1 5.19 50.76 -0.701 55.24 nucl: 13 20.76 9.94 3.51 65.79
BcWRKY51 c100352_g1_i1 291 32 267.8 5.49 69.76 -0.56 46.9 nucl: 12, cyto: 1 23.37 14.78 2.75 59.11
BcWRKY52 c100352_g1_i2 292 32 365.9 5.58 70.51 -0.544 46.32 nucl: 10.5, cyto_nucl: 6.5, cyto: 1.5 25.68 13.36 2.4 58.56
BcWRKY53 c100352_g1_i3 291 32 267.8 5.49 69.76 -0.56 46.9 nucl: 12, cyto: 1 23.37 14.78 2.75 59.11
BcWRKY54 c101248_g1_i1 322 34 890.6 6.1 58.82 -0.515 51.96 nucl: 14 16.77 10.56 5.59 67.08
BcWRKY55 c101248_g1_i2 323 35 011.8 6.2 59.85 -0.477 50.97 nucl: 14 14.55 13 4.95 67.49
BcWRKY56 c104028_g5_i3 486 52 929.4 9.1 62.76 -0.74 58.38 nucl: 14 10.7 13.37 2.67 73.25
BcWRKY57 c105450_g1_i1 355 39 505.9 5.39 68.99 -0.586 43.81 nucl: 14 18.87 8.45 3.66 69.01
BcWRKY58 c106015_g1_i1 626 68 756.2 6.74 51.55 -1.164 57.26 nucl: 14 16.61 11.98 3.35 68.05
BcWRKY59 c106804_g1_i1 337 37 659.6 9.16 63.35 -0.727 52.72 nucl: 14 23.44 11.87 2.97 61.72
BcWRKY60 c188033_g1_i1 278 30 793.1 5.82 56.44 -0.851 73.28 nucl: 13 13.67 14.75 5.04 66.55
BcWRKY61 c188115_g1_i1 343 38 310.1 5.63 69.33 -0.577 49.76 nucl: 11, extr: 2 21.28 8.75 3.5 66.47
BcWRKY62 c190466_g1_i1 239 27 381.7 8.82 62.76 -0.712 49.04 nucl: 12, chlo: 1 22.59 12.13 3.35 61.92
BcWRKY63 c218496_g1_i1 291 32 188.5 5.24 52.03 -0.857 59.63 nucl: 14 17.87 10.31 3.09 68.73
BcWRKY64 c249596_g2_i1 295 32 804.4 6.06 46.31 -0.933 62.97 nucl: 14 30.51 5.76 4.07 59.66
BcWRKY65 c250035_g1_i1 374 40 753.1 6.77 56.39 -0.676 51 nucl: 14 22.99 13.1 5.35 58.56
), ArticleFig(id=1210516664819511488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516654094676503, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=

The WRKY family genes in B. cusia

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Gene nameID (mRNA)Number of amino acidsMolecular weight/DapIAliphatic indexGrand average of hydropathicity (GRAVY)Instability indexSubcellular localizationAlpha helixExtended strandBeta turnRandom coil
BcWRKY1 c190_g1_i1 539 58 635.3 6.9 51.09 -0.874 57.73 nucl: 7, pero: 3, chlo: 2, mito: 2 11.32 10.39 3.34 74.95
BcWRKY2 c1090_g1_i1 332 36 905.8 6.22 46.17 -0.897 63.53 nucl: 14 24.1 8.13 1.81 65.96
BcWRKY3 c6524_g1_i1 338 36 881.5 5.53 52.01 -0.788 59.47 nucl: 12, chlo: 1 14.2 11.24 3.25 71.3
BcWRKY4 c6524_g1_i2 338 36 881.5 5.53 52.01 -0.788 59.47 nucl: 12, chlo: 1 14.2 11.24 3.25 71.3
BcWRKY5 c13968_g1_i1 342 38 447.4 6.46 46.55 -0.913 63.72 nucl: 13 25.44 7.89 3.51 63.16
BcWRKY6 c13968_g1_i2 342 38 447.4 6.46 46.55 -0.913 63.72 nucl: 13 25.44 7.89 3.51 63.16
BcWRKY7 c16804_g1_i1 331 35 780.5 9.68 61.66 -0.618 51.3 nucl: 14 20.24 8.76 2.72 68.28
BcWRKY8 c17876_g1_i1 496 54 203.7 9.17 59.88 -0.659 47.43 nucl: 14 31.05 13.1 4.23 51.61
BcWRKY9 c27862_g1_i1 360 40 237.4 5.17 57.25 -0.728 52.16 nucl: 13.5, cyto_nucl: 7.5 19.17 11.94 3.33 65.56
BcWRKY10 c29172_g1_i2 573 62 035.5 7.01 57.03 -0.797 49.42 nucl: 14 8.55 13.26 4.19 74
BcWRKY11 c41505_g1_i1 440 47 882.4 8.01 68.57 -0.585 32.65 nucl: 7.5, cyto_nucl: 6, cyto: 3.5, chlo: 2 28.86 9.77 3.41 57.95
BcWRKY12 c41505_g1_i2 476 51 867 8.01 69.12 -0.528 32.93 nucl: 6, cyto: 4, chlo: 2, vacu: 1 29.41 10.08 2.52 57.98
BcWRKY13 c50218_g1_i2 508 57 144.8 6.71 52.24 -0.875 47.08 nucl: 14 12.4 11.61 2.36 73.62
BcWRKY14 c62580_g1_i1 324 36 600.5 5.27 66.51 -0.822 42.22 nucl: 13 27.47 12.04 3.7 56.79
BcWRKY15 c66932_g1_i2 480 52 271.8 7.25 57.33 -0.789 57.55 nucl: 14 12.29 12.92 3.12 71.67
BcWRKY16 c70343_g1_i2 321 34 333 9.61 64.45 -0.416 35.24 nucl: 14 19.94 10.28 4.98 64.8
BcWRKY17 c70386_g1_i1 315 35 480.1 5.16 54.89 -0.709 56.74 nucl: 14 28.57 7.94 4.13 59.37
BcWRKY18 c72750_g1_i1 430 47 429 7.56 61.51 -0.72 35.15 nucl: 13 31.63 14.42 4.65 49.3
BcWRKY19 c74396_g1_i1 326 36 371.2 5.68 54.17 -0.837 55.78 nucl: 14 29.45 13.8 3.99 52.76
BcWRKY20 c76584_g1_i2 459 49 228.3 5.63 58.52 -0.703 54.09 nucl: 13 18.3 7.84 3.92 69.93
BcWRKY21 c76584_g1_i3 435 47 343.3 5.2 53.68 -0.735 54.35 nucl: 13 18.16 9.66 2.99 69.2
BcWRKY22 c80274_g1_i2 337 37 705.9 6.27 54.48 -0.818 67.19 nucl: 13.5, cyto_nucl: 7.5 28.49 8.01 2.67 60.83
BcWRKY23 c80450_g1_i1 333 36 496.8 5.7 57.78 -0.808 48.49 nucl: 13 21.02 9.01 4.5 65.47
BcWRKY24 c80916_g1_i3 264 29 442.1 7.1 76.86 -0.637 56.42 nucl: 13 36.74 15.53 1.52 46.21
BcWRKY25 c80916_g1_i5 352 39 583 8.08 86.16 -0.379 44.39 32.67 14.49 2.56 50.28
BcWRKY26 c83416_g1_i1 288 32 644.7 6.39 74.1 -0.614 47.66 nucl: 7, cyto: 4, plas: 1, extr: 1 29.86 7.64 4.86 57.64
BcWRKY27 c83416_g1_i2 221 25 711.8 6.16 63.94 -0.597 39.98 nucl: 7, cyto: 3, pero: 2, extr: 1 25.79 14.03 6.79 53.39
BcWRKY28 c83588_g1_i3 706 75 475 5.67 54.29 -0.728 49.68 nucl: 14 11.19 9.77 3.4 75.64
BcWRKY29 c86119_g1_i1 509 56 066.3 6.38 59.88 -0.922 61.36 nucl: 14 15.52 9.43 2.95 72.1
BcWRKY30 c86991_g1_i3 305 34 099.5 4.68 57.84 -0.943 74.88 nucl: 12, mito: 1 11.8 9.84 2.62 75.74
BcWRKY31 c87043_g1_i4 401 44 753.9 5.75 50.07 -0.837 67.53 nucl: 12, chlo: 1 16.46 12.22 2.24 69.08
BcWRKY32 c87440_g1_i2 487 53 658.1 7.64 62.87 -0.729 59.71 nucl: 14 13.35 15.81 3.49 67.35
BcWRKY33 c89989_g2_i2 313 34 038.6 7.8 47.51 -0.77 55.18 nucl: 14 23 7.03 1.92 68.05
BcWRKY34 c89989_g2_i3 285 30 892.1 7.13 45.33 -0.792 58.42 nucl: 14 21.05 11.23 1.75 65.96
BcWRKY35 c90764_g1_i1 465 50 697.8 8.24 69.53 -0.556 46.95 nucl: 10, cyto: 2, chlo: 1 32.26 10.32 2.8 54.62
BcWRKY36 c91203_g1_i1 562 59 939.7 7.15 61.55 -0.608 50.73 nucl: 11, mito: 2 29.18 11.03 4.27 55.52
BcWRKY37 c91932_g1_i2 499 55 054.2 6.32 63.09 -0.78 61.98 nucl: 12, chlo: 1 11.02 13.63 3.21 72.14
BcWRKY38 c92553_g1_i1 473 52 040.9 8.35 55.05 -0.765 49.29 nucl: 14 26.22 9.09 1.9 62.79
BcWRKY39 c92742_g1_i2 329 36 034.4 6.25 58.42 -0.669 49.89 nucl: 14 34.04 9.42 1.52 55.02
BcWRKY40 c93652_g2_i2 320 35 087 5.82 58.56 -0.692 57.68 nucl: 14 22.19 6.88 5 65.94
BcWRKY41 c93652_g2_i3 282 30 864.2 5.91 54.08 -0.774 52.53 nucl: 14 23.05 7.8 4.26 64.89
BcWRKY42 c94067_g1_i1 343 38 490.6 9.62 65.07 -0.786 52.13 nucl: 13 22.74 9.62 4.66 62.97
BcWRKY43 c94067_g1_i2 351 39 396.5 9.55 61.71 -0.829 58.95 nucl: 14 27.92 13.68 4.27 54.13
BcWRKY44 c94067_g1_i4 343 38 490.6 9.62 65.07 -0.786 52.13 nucl: 13 22.74 9.62 4.66 62.97
BcWRKY45 c94386_g1_i1 434 47 408.4 8.85 67.37 -0.676 51.02 nucl: 6, cyto: 5, chlo: 2 12.9 11.52 3.46 72.12
BcWRKY46 c94386_g1_i2 434 47 408.4 8.85 67.37 -0.676 51.02 nucl: 6, cyto: 5, chlo: 2 12.9 11.52 3.46 72.12
BcWRKY47 c95444_g2_i5 335 37 510.2 8.06 69.52 -0.788 47.91 nucl: 9, cyto: 4 27.76 11.64 1.49 59.1
BcWRKY48 c96888_g1_i1 652 71 147.5 5.5 57.33 -0.885 48.71 nucl: 14 22.85 11.35 2.45 63.34
BcWRKY49 c96888_g1_i2 643 70 023.4 5.54 58.13 -0.854 48.86 nucl: 14 24.11 11.66 2.8 61.43
BcWRKY50 c97318_g2_i1 342 37 501.1 5.19 50.76 -0.701 55.24 nucl: 13 20.76 9.94 3.51 65.79
BcWRKY51 c100352_g1_i1 291 32 267.8 5.49 69.76 -0.56 46.9 nucl: 12, cyto: 1 23.37 14.78 2.75 59.11
BcWRKY52 c100352_g1_i2 292 32 365.9 5.58 70.51 -0.544 46.32 nucl: 10.5, cyto_nucl: 6.5, cyto: 1.5 25.68 13.36 2.4 58.56
BcWRKY53 c100352_g1_i3 291 32 267.8 5.49 69.76 -0.56 46.9 nucl: 12, cyto: 1 23.37 14.78 2.75 59.11
BcWRKY54 c101248_g1_i1 322 34 890.6 6.1 58.82 -0.515 51.96 nucl: 14 16.77 10.56 5.59 67.08
BcWRKY55 c101248_g1_i2 323 35 011.8 6.2 59.85 -0.477 50.97 nucl: 14 14.55 13 4.95 67.49
BcWRKY56 c104028_g5_i3 486 52 929.4 9.1 62.76 -0.74 58.38 nucl: 14 10.7 13.37 2.67 73.25
BcWRKY57 c105450_g1_i1 355 39 505.9 5.39 68.99 -0.586 43.81 nucl: 14 18.87 8.45 3.66 69.01
BcWRKY58 c106015_g1_i1 626 68 756.2 6.74 51.55 -1.164 57.26 nucl: 14 16.61 11.98 3.35 68.05
BcWRKY59 c106804_g1_i1 337 37 659.6 9.16 63.35 -0.727 52.72 nucl: 14 23.44 11.87 2.97 61.72
BcWRKY60 c188033_g1_i1 278 30 793.1 5.82 56.44 -0.851 73.28 nucl: 13 13.67 14.75 5.04 66.55
BcWRKY61 c188115_g1_i1 343 38 310.1 5.63 69.33 -0.577 49.76 nucl: 11, extr: 2 21.28 8.75 3.5 66.47
BcWRKY62 c190466_g1_i1 239 27 381.7 8.82 62.76 -0.712 49.04 nucl: 12, chlo: 1 22.59 12.13 3.35 61.92
BcWRKY63 c218496_g1_i1 291 32 188.5 5.24 52.03 -0.857 59.63 nucl: 14 17.87 10.31 3.09 68.73
BcWRKY64 c249596_g2_i1 295 32 804.4 6.06 46.31 -0.933 62.97 nucl: 14 30.51 5.76 4.07 59.66
BcWRKY65 c250035_g1_i1 374 40 753.1 6.77 56.39 -0.676 51 nucl: 14 22.99 13.1 5.35 58.56
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马蓝WRKY转录因子家族生物信息学及表达特征分析
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郭志英 1, 2 , 李卿 4 , 吴循循 3 , 陈军峰 5 , 黄玉香 6 , 马晓娟 7 , 刁勇 3, * , 张磊 2, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2022,57(9): 2864-2875
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2022, 57(9): 2864-2875
马蓝WRKY转录因子家族生物信息学及表达特征分析
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郭志英1, 2, 李卿4, 吴循循3, 陈军峰5, 黄玉香6, 马晓娟7, 刁勇3, * , 张磊2, *
作者信息
  • 1.福建技术师范学院食品与生物工程学院, 福建 福清 350300
  • 2.中国人民解放军海军军医大学药学院, 上海 200433
  • 3.华侨大学医学院, 福建 泉州 362021
  • 4.中国人民解放军海军军医大学第二附属医院药剂科, 上海 200003
  • 5.上海中医药大学中药研究所, 上海 201203
  • 6.泉州医学高等专科学校药学院, 福建 泉州 362000
  • 7.泉州市农业科学研究所, 福建 泉州 362212

通讯作者:

*刁勇, Tel: 86-595-22692516, E-mail: ;
张磊, Tel: 86-021-81871307, E-mail:
Bioinformatics and expressional analysis of WRKY transcription factor family in Baphicacanthus cusia
Zhi-ying GUO1, 2, Qing LI4, Xun-xun WU3, Jun-feng CHEN5, Yu-xiang HUANG6, Xiao-juan MA7, Yong DIAO3, * , Lei ZHANG2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Food and Bioengineering, Fujian Polytechnic Normal University, Fuqing 350300, China
  • 2. School of Pharmacy, Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
  • 3. School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China
  • 4. Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
  • 5. Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
  • 6. School of Pharmacy, Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou 362000, China
  • 7. Quanzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Quanzhou 362212, China
出版时间: 2022-09-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0433
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WRKY转录因子是植物中一类保守的转录因子, 在植物生长发育和次生代谢过程中发挥重要的调控作用。本研究对马蓝(Baphicacanthus cusia) 不同组织(根、茎和叶) 的转录组数据进行分析, 共鉴定了65个马蓝WRKY (BcWRKY) 家族成员。其编码氨基酸长度约为221~706 aa, 等电点为4.68~9.68, 分子质量为25 711.8~75 475 Da, 二级结构主要为无规则卷曲, 亚细胞定位预测显示多数BcWRKYs定位在细胞核中。系统进化分析将其分为3大族, 其中第二大族(Group II) 又可分为5个亚族(Group IIa、Group IIb、Group IIc、Group IId和Group IIe)。结构域分析显示BcWRKY均含有高度保守的WRKYGQK基序。利用实时荧光定量PCR (RT-PCR) 对马蓝根、茎和叶中高表达的10个WRKY基因进行检测, 发现均可响应脱落酸(abscisic acid, ABA)、茉莉酸甲酯(methyl jasmonate, MeJA) 和水杨酸(salicylic acid, SA) 的诱导。本研究为进一步阐明马蓝中吲哚生物碱生物合成中WRKY转录因子的分子机制提供基础。

马蓝  /  WRKY转录因子  /  生物信息学  /  表达分析  /  吲哚生物碱

WRKY, a class of conserved transcription factors in plants, plays important roles in plant growth, development and secondary metabolism. In the present study, 65 WRKY members were identified from de novo transcriptome sequencing data of three different tissues (root, stems and leaves) of Baphicacanthus cusia. BcWRKY proteins contained from 221 to 706 amino acids and the isoelectric point is from 4.68 to 9.68. Molecular weights range from 25 711.8 to 75 475 Da. The main secondary structures of BcWRKYs protein are random coil. A subcellular localization prediction indicated that the putative BcWRKY proteins were enriched in the nuclear region. Phylogenetic analysis showed that BcWRKYs could be categorized into three groups and five subgroups (Group IIa, Group IIb, Group IIc, Group IId and Group IIe) in Group II. Structural analysis found that all BcWRKY proteins contained a highly conserved motif WRKYGQK. Finally, the transcriptional profiles of ten BcWRKY genes highly expressed in root, stem and leaf tissues under abscisic acid (ABA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), or salicylic acid (SA) treatment were systematically investigated using qRT-PCR analysis. Results showed that a total of ten BcWRKY genes were differentially expressed in response to ABA, MeJA, and SA treatment. This work would be provided a basis for further elucidating the molecular mechanism of WRKY transcription factors in the biosynthesis of indole alkaloids in B. cusia.

Baphicacanthus cusia  /  WRKY transcription factor  /  bioinformatics  /  expression analysis  /  indole alkaloid
郭志英, 李卿, 吴循循, 陈军峰, 黄玉香, 马晓娟, 刁勇, 张磊. 马蓝WRKY转录因子家族生物信息学及表达特征分析. 药学学报, 2022 , 57 (9) : 2864 -2875 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0433
Zhi-ying GUO, Qing LI, Xun-xun WU, Jun-feng CHEN, Yu-xiang HUANG, Xiao-juan MA, Yong DIAO, Lei ZHANG. Bioinformatics and expressional analysis of WRKY transcription factor family in Baphicacanthus cusia[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2022 , 57 (9) : 2864 -2875 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0433
马蓝(Baphicacanthus cusia) 是重要的爵床科多年生草本药用植物, 广泛分布于我国西南、华南及华东地区。马蓝的根入药称南板蓝根, 叶入药为大青叶, 常用于治疗病毒性肝炎、流感、感冒、肺炎、炎症、疱疹、丹毒、蛇咬伤等[1]。由其茎和叶加工而成的青黛, 以福建产品质最佳, 被誉为“建青黛”, 是福建道地药材, 具有清热解毒、凉血、定惊之功效[2, 3]。以靛蓝、靛玉红为代表的吲哚生物碱是青黛的主要活性成分, 其中靛玉红具有显著抗肿瘤活性[4, 5]。黄黛片和当归龙荟丸是治疗白血病的两个经典复方, 青黛是复方中的重要组成部分, 药理研究表明复方中治疗白血病的主要活性成分就是来自青黛中的靛玉红[6-8]
吲哚生物碱生物合成如图 1: 莽草酸(shikimic acid) 经过多步反应形成分支酸(chorismic acid), 分支酸在邻氨基苯甲酸合成酶(anthranilate synthase, AS) 作用下形成邻氨基苯甲酸(anthranilic acid) 后, 由吲哚-3-甘油磷酸合酶(indole-3-glycerol phosphate synthase, IGS) 作用形成吲哚-3-甘油磷酸(indole-3-glycerol phosphate), 在色氨酸合成酶α亚基(tryptophan synthase α, TSA) 作用下形成吲哚(indole)[9, 10]。吲哚经不同羟基化酶催化分别在2-位或3-位发生羟基化反应, 然后再经糖基化或氧化生成吲哚苷(indican), 吲哚苷在β-葡萄糖苷酶(β-glucosidase, GLU) 的作用下生成吲哚酚(indoxyl)。吲哚酚不稳定容易转化成为靛红(isatin)。在氧气存在的条件下, 吲哚酚或靛红自发二聚化反应生成靛蓝(indigo) 和靛玉红(indirubin)[11]。由于吲哚苷、吲哚酚极其不稳定, 催化靛蓝、靛玉红生物合成极其复杂, 因此通过途径基因对吲哚生物碱进行次生代谢工程有很大的难度。
WRKY是植物中最大的转录因子家族之一, 具有高度保守的WRKYGQK氨基酸序列、C2H2或C2HC锌指结构特征[12]。近年来大量研究表明WRKY通过调节代谢物生物合成途径关键酶基因的表达水平促进次生代谢产物的合成。日本黄连(Coptis japonica) 中CjWRKY1通过结合途径基因(CYP80B24′OMTCYP719A1) 顺式作用元件调控小檗碱合成途径基因的表达, 影响小檗碱生物合成[13]。在加利福利亚罂粟(Eschscholzia californica) 中异源表达拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana) AtWRKY1能够影响血根碱和白屈菜玉红碱的积累[14]。此外, 长春花(Catharanthus roseus) 毛状根中过表达CrWRKY1能够上调萜类吲哚生物碱生物合成途径几个关键途径基因的表达水平, 影响萜类吲哚生物碱的生物合成[15]。截至目前, 马蓝中WRKY转录因子的系统研究暂未见报道。本研究认为WRKY转录因子在马蓝吲哚生物碱的代谢调控过程中具有同样重要的研究价值。因此, 本研究基于马蓝根、茎和叶不同组织的转录组测序结果, 对马蓝转录组数据库中的序列进行生物信息学分析, 共鉴定出65个马蓝WRKY (BcWRKY) 转录因子, 利用生物信息学方法对编码的氨基酸基本理化性质、亚细胞定位、蛋白质二级结构、系统进化、表达模式等方面进行分析, 旨在为揭示其在马蓝吲哚生物碱次生代谢方面所发挥的作用提供参考依据(图 2)。
植物材料生长与激素处理  选取福建省莆田市仙游县书峰乡一马蓝种植示范田(25°25′N 118°39′E) 种植的马蓝, 经中国人民解放军海军军医大学生药教研室张汉明教授鉴定为爵床科马蓝(B. cusia)。选取其根、茎和叶3个器官(每个组织3个生物学重复) 共9个样品使用Illumina Hiseq 2500高通量测序平台进行转录组测序。选取一定数量的未开花马蓝植株, 地上部分分别喷洒100 μmol·L-1的脱落酸(abscisic acid, ABA)、100 μmol·L-1的茉莉酸甲酯(methyl jasmonate, MeJA) 和100 μmol·L-1的水杨酸(salicylic acid, SA) (辅以黑色塑料袋避光保湿), 处理后分别于0、1、2、4、6、8、12、16、24、36、48和72 h收取马蓝叶片, 立即投入液氮速冻, 于-80 ℃保存备用(3个生物学重复)。
马蓝WRKY基因的鉴定  以WRKY转录因子高度保守的WRKYGQK七肽为查询序列, 在马蓝转录组数据中搜索WRKY转录因子家族序列, 得到大量含疑似WRKY结构域的蛋白序列; 为保证获得的WRKY转录因子信息的准确性, 将已鉴定含有WRKY保守结构域的蛋白序列在NCBI保守域数据库(NCBI Conserved Domain Database, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/cdd/) 中进行保守域分析, 进一步鉴定具有WRKY功能域的蛋白序列。通过Vector NTI Advance 11软件对WRKY基因序列的完整性分析进行, 删除不完整的序列; 将具有完整开放阅读框(open reading frame, ORF) 的序列翻译成氨基酸序列, 利用功能域在线预测软件SMART (http://smart.embl-heidelberg.de/) 进行保守结构域的验证。
马蓝WRKY蛋白序列特征分析  利用在线软件ExPASy Proteomics Server (http://web.expasy.org/protparam/) 对65条完整WRKY氨基酸序列进行蛋白质一级结构的理化特征分析。二级结构特征以在线软件SOPMA (https://npsaprabi.ibcp.fr/cgi-bin/npsa_automat.pl?page=npsasopma.html) 进行预测。WRKY蛋白的亚细胞定位采用在线软件PSORT (http://www.genscript.com/psort.html) 进行预测, 信号肽采用在线软件seqNLS (http://mleg.cse.sc.edu/seqNLS/) 进行预测。采用在线软件MEME version 4.11.1 (http://meme-suite.org/tools/meme) 进行保守结构域分析。
进化分析  从NCBI数据库中下载拟南芥、长春花和丹参(Salvia miltiorrhiza) WRKY完整的氨基酸序列用于进化分析。通过DNAMAN软件, 分析马蓝不同族WRKY蛋白结构域之间的同源性和相似度。采用MEGA5.0软件的Neighbor-Joining算法构建进化树, 条件为: position correction和pairwise deletion, 使用1 000 bootstrap分析计算各节点支持率。
BcWRKYs表达分析  利用TransZol Up Plus RNA Kit试剂盒(北京全式金生物技术有限公司) 提取上述ABA、MeJA和SA诱导的马蓝材料的总RNA。用1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳鉴定RNA的完整度, 同时用NanoDrop 2000C上测定RNA纯度。质量符合要求的RNA用TransScript First-Strand cDNA Synthesis Supermix试剂盒(北京全式金生物技术有限公司) 进行cDNA第一链的合成。通过在线网站primer 3设计马蓝不同组织部位高表达BcWRKYs转录因子和18S内参基因[16]跨内含子的定量PCR引物, 具体序列如表 1所示, 使用TransStart Top Green qPCR Supper Mix试剂盒(北京全式金生物技术有限公司) 进行实时荧光定量PCR分析。仪器为Thermal Cycler Dice, PCR采用两步法, 按照2-△△Ct值法计算基因相对表达量。
本文以WRKY转录因子高度保守的WRKYGQK七肽为查询序列, 应用tBLASTn进行同源比对, 从马蓝转录组数据库中共筛选出96个具有WRKYGQK结构域的BcWRKYs成员。进一步通过基因ORF预测, 发现65条序列具有完整的ORF (表 2), 并将其分别命名为BcWRKY1、BcWRKY2、BcWRKY3、……、BcWRKY65。序列长度从868 bp (BcWRKY62)~7 558 bp (BcWRKY53) 不等, 编码的氨基酸长度为221 aa (BcWRKY27)~706 aa (BcWRKY28)。相对分子质量为25 711.8 (BcWRKY27)~75 475 (BcWRKY28), 平均相对分子质量为42 768.55。等电点为4.68 (BcWRKY30)~9.68 (BcWRKY7), 其中有40个蛋白pI小于7, 说明多数蛋白表现偏酸性。60个WRKY蛋白的不稳定系数(instability index, II) 大于40, 最小的为32.65 (BcWRKY11), 最大的为74.88 (BcWRKY30), 说明超过90%的马蓝WRKY家族蛋白为不稳定蛋白。65个WRKY家族蛋白的脂溶性指数(aliphatic index, AI) 介于45.33~86.16, 均小于100; 另外, 其亲水性平均系数GRAVY均小于0, 以上结果表明65个WRKY蛋白为亲水性蛋白。接下来, 采用PSORT对BcWRKY蛋白的亚细胞定位进行预测, 以上WRKY蛋白分布有细胞核、细胞质、氧化物酶体、叶绿体、线粒体等部位, 其中大约65%的BcWRKY蛋白分布在细胞核, 剩余约35%的BcWRKY在细胞核中分布的概率也超过50%, 说明大多数的BcWRKY应为核蛋白。
BcWRKY蛋白的二级结构预测结果(表 2) 表明, 65个BcWRKY蛋白主要由α-螺旋、延伸链和无规则卷曲组成。β-折叠的比例均较小, 无规则卷曲所占比例较大, 63个蛋白的无规卷曲比例超过50%。59个BcWRKY蛋白表现为无规则卷曲 > α-螺旋 > 延伸链 > β-折叠, 其余6个蛋白BcWRKY10、BcWRKY15、BcWRKY32、BcWRKY37、BcWRKY56和BcWRKY60表现为无规则卷曲 > 延伸链 > α-螺旋 > β-折叠。
为分析马蓝与其他物种WRKY转录因子家族的进化关系, 使用MEGA5.0软件对65个马蓝BcWRKYs、72个拟南芥AtWRKYs、61个丹参SmWRKYs和51个长春花CrWRKYs蛋白的氨基酸序列采用邻接法构建系统进化树(图 3)。结果显示, 4个物种的WRKYs可归类到7个分支(I、IIa、IIb、IIc、IId、IIe、III), 但是不同物种中WRKY成员在不同分支中的分布是不均匀的。其中, Group II中WRKY成员数都是最多的。另外, 除了拟南芥, 马蓝、长春花和丹参中Group I中WRKY数量都比Group III少。根据进化树分类情况和拟南芥中WRKY转录因子的分类系统, 马蓝的65个BcWRKY蛋白中有12个属于Group I, 44个属于Group II, Group II又可分为IIa、IIb、IIc、IId和IIe 5个亚族, 数量分别为3、9、17、7和8个, 剩下9个属于Group III。WRKY核心保守结构域(60个氨基酸残基) 多重序列比对的结果显示同一大族的BcWRKY除了WRKYGQK七肽序列及锌指结构相同外, 整个WRKY结构域中的氨基酸残基序列也存在高度相似性(图 4)。65个BcWRKYs蛋白中有12个含有两个WRKYGQK域, 锌指结构序列为C2H2属于Group I。另外的53个WRKY蛋白均只含有一个典型的WRKY结构域, 其中44个BcWRKY蛋白的锌指结构和Group I中的相同, 属于Group II, 9个BcWRKY属于Group III, 锌指结构是C2H/C。
利用MEME 5.4.1在线软件对65个BcWRKYs氨基酸序列进行基序保守性和多样性分析, 发现基序的长度为15~48 aa不等, WRKY蛋白中的基序数量在2~7个之间。如图 5所示, 大多数WRKY蛋白具有相似的基序组成, 其中基序1含有29个氨基酸存在于全部的BcWRKYs氨基酸序列中, 其最佳匹配序列为ILDDGYRWRKYGQKVIKGSPYPRSYYRCT, SMART软件分析表明该基序具有核心序列WRKYGQK结构。与WRKYGQK核心结构域高度保守性不同, 锌指结构在不同大族的WRKY中差异较大。Group I和第Group II的锌指结构为C2H2型, 其中Group I锌指结构的序列为C-X4-C-X22-HXH, Group II锌指结构序列为C-X4-C-X23-HXH或C-X5-C-X23-HXH或C-X5-C-X23-H-N1-H。Group III中成员的锌指结构为C2HC型, 序列为C-X7-C-X23-HXC或C-X7-C-X24-HXC (图 4)。
针对WRKY广泛参与植物发育和生理过程的特性, 从马蓝根、茎和叶3个组织中的转录组数据中分析了BcWRKYs的表达特征。聚类分析结果显示65个BcWRKY的表达模式可分为4大类群: 第I类群BcWRKY基因在根、茎和叶中都表达, 表达水平比较一致。第II类群BcWRKY基因在根中表达量最高; 第III类群主要在茎中高表达。第IV类群在马蓝茎和叶中表达量较高, 其中有少部分BcWRKY在叶中表达变化比较明显, 如BcWRKY47-32-1在叶中高表达而在根和茎中表达量低, 同时在叶中低表达而在根和茎中表达明显上调的有BcWRKY40-50-63-64 (图 6)。
大量研究表明WRKY基因的表达水平受多种植物激素, 如乙烯、水杨酸、赤霉素、茉莉酸或脱落酸等调控[17]。为进一步探索马蓝BcWRKY基因的功能, 对马蓝地上部分进行了ABA、MeJA和SA三种激素诱导处理。通过qPCR分析10条在不同器官中高表达的BcWRKY基因的转录水平, 发现10条WRKY基因表达水平均响应ABA、MeJA和SA的诱导(图 7)。在ABA诱导条件下, 10条WRKY基因相对表达水平变化比较复杂, 其中WRKY1WRKY2WRKY19WRKY36WRKY47WRKY61WRKY65出现两个高峰, 分别在8和36 h达到最大值; WRKY7WRKY32在ABA的诱导下在48 h达到表达水平的最大值; WRKY40先上升后下降, 在ABA诱导1 h时即达到表达水平的最大值, 为0 h的8.93倍。10个WRKY基因随着MeJA处理时间的增加表现出不同的变化, 总体呈先上升后下降的趋势。这些基因的相对表达水平均在12 h时达到最大值。WRKY2在MeJA诱导12 h的表达水平是0 h的74倍, WRKY19在MeJA诱导12 h的表达水平是0 h的60倍, WRKY47在MeJA诱导12 h的表达水平是0 h的37.4倍。在SA诱导下大部分WRKY基因的表达水平在16 h时达到最大值。比较特殊的是WRKY40在1 h达到最大值, 为0 h的23.58倍; 剩下WRKY36WRKY47WRKY61WRKY65基因在SA诱导后1、12、16和36 h时间点出现多个表达水平的高峰。
WRKY转录因子在植物多种生理过程中发挥重要的作用, 参与了由各种生物和非生物胁迫介导的调控过程[18, 19]。随着高通量测序技术的发展, WRKY复杂的结构特征和功能已在多种药用植物中得到系统的研究, 主要有长春花(52)[20]、丹参(61)[21]、菘蓝(Isatis indigotica) (64)[22]、白木香(Aquilaria sinensis) (70)[23]及人参(Panax ginseng) (137)[24]。本研究对药用植物马蓝中的WRKY基因进行鉴定, 将有助于更广泛地了解该基因家族。
WRKY蛋白的两个最突出和最明确的结构特征是WRKY结构域和锌指基序, 这为它们分类为Group I~Group III提供了基础[25]。本研究根据WRKY保守结构域和锌指结构的不同, 将马蓝中65个BcWRKYs成员分为3个大族(I、II、III), 其中第II大族又可分为5个亚族(IIa、IIb、IIc、IId和IIe)。马蓝Group I中有12个BcWRKYs均含有两个WRKYGQK域和两个C2H2型锌指结构, 分布在序列的C端和N端。有关WRKY家族进化的研究认为, 在藻类中发现的WRKY属于Group I, 是进化过程中最古老的WRKY, Group II和Group III的WRKY域是来自Group I的后代, 且C端WRKY域相当保守, 在决定DNA结合过程中起主导作用[26]。马蓝中Group II的数量最多, 为44个BcWRKYs成员, 意味着该家族的成员在进化过程中可能会经历更多的基因重复; 有趣的是IIa亚族是唯一一组在马蓝、丹参、长春花和拟南芥之间具有相同数量的WRKY, 均只含有3个WRKY成员, 说明IIa亚族中WRKY在不同物种之间高度保守。拟南芥[20]和玉米(Z. mays)[27]等植物Group III中WRKY不仅数目多(拟南芥11个, 占20%和玉米36个, 占28%), 而且基因扩增明显。与之不同的是, 马蓝Group III中的BcWRKY成员仅有9个, 无扩增现象, 这与丹参、人参和黄瓜Group III中WRKY成员数量较少的情形类似[21, 24, 28]。此外, Group III中的WRKY在植物进化过程中变异较大, 暗示了在不同种属植物中该组成员的功能有较高的歧化性。考虑到Group III的WRKY在植物进化和适应中起着至关重要的作用, 而马蓝中Group III数量相对较少, 所以马蓝中WRKY家族的扩增可能是由其他大族的扩增引起的。此外, 对65个BcWRKY蛋白的WRKY域保守基序的分析显示, WRKYGQK是WRKY基因最保守的基序, 锌指结构基序在序列长短和结构上差异较大。与其他大族BcWRKY蛋白C2H2型锌指结构不同, Group III中WRKY成员的锌指结构为C2HC型, 这反映了不同类型的WRKY基因所经历选择压力和进化模式是不同的。系统进化树将BcWRKYs分为I、IIa+IIb、IIc、IId+IIe和III五大分支, 因此可以知道Group II中WRKY不是单系的, 这与多种植物WRKY系统发育关系的研究结果一致[27, 29, 30]。不同物种的基因家族的系统发育树不仅有助于了解成员之间的系统发育关系, 而且还可以根据鉴定的功能进化枝推测蛋白质的功能。长春花中CrWRKY1能够影响萜类吲哚生物碱的生物合成, 马蓝中BcWRKY14、-26和-27CrWRKY1的直系同源基因, 表明它们可能在马蓝吲哚生物碱生物合成中发挥着类似于CrWRKY1的作用。
研究表明马蓝地上部分靛蓝、靛玉红等吲哚生物碱活性成分含量明显高于根中的含量[1, 3], 转录组表达谱分析结果显示WRKY3WRKY34WRKY42这3个BcWRKYs在马蓝根、茎和叶组织中不表达, 剩下的BcWRKYs大部分具有明显的组织特异性, 意味着BcWRKYs可能在马蓝生长发育次生代谢调控发挥多种功能。此外, 还注意到BcWRKY14在叶中特异性的低表达, BcWRKY26在叶中表达水平特别高, 这两个基因在长春花中的直系同源基因是能够调节萜类吲哚生物碱合成的CrWRKY1, 因此猜测BcWRKY14和-26也可能参与马蓝中生物碱的次生代谢调控。
大量研究表明植物激素可调节多种植物代谢物(黄酮、生物碱、倍半萜等) 的合成[31, 32]。Lin等[3]使用不同浓度的MeJA处理马蓝植株, 通过测定处理组与对照组靛蓝、靛玉红的含量, 发现MeJA通过调控途径基因的水平进而调控吲哚生物碱生物合成。Hashemi等[33]使用SA处理白屈菜, 血根碱含量有显著改善, SA诱导48 h后, 白屈菜碱的积累提高了2.52倍。SA诱导24 h后小檗碱的积累达到4.89倍的最大值。在MeJA诱导72 h后, 白屈菜碱的量显著增加了9.63倍。在MeJA诱导24 h后, 与对照相比, 血根碱含量的最高积累水平为13.22倍。Harfi等[34]使用0.1 mmol·L-1 SA处理了曼陀罗的毛状根, 发现曼陀罗中莨菪碱的含量提高了2倍。本研究通过qPCR实验对根茎叶组织中高表达的BcWRKY基因进行检测, 发现这10个BcWRKY的表达均受ABA、MeJA和SA三种激素调控, 表明这些BcWRKY亦可能在马蓝吲哚生物碱的生物合成及代谢中发挥重要作用。WRKY蛋白通过结合靶基因的W-box ((C/T)TGAC(T/C)) 区域促进靶基因转录表达[35]。本课题组前期对已知的一些参与吲哚生物碱生物合成的关键酶基因(图 1) 启动子进行分析, 发现多个基因启动子含WRKY转录因子特异结合的元件W-box。其中, ASA启动子包含有2个W-box, 这提示马蓝WRKY转录因子可能参与吲哚生物碱合成途径的调控。为进一步阐释BcWRKY在马蓝吲哚生物碱生物合成过程中所发挥的作用, 对于生物信息学分析及响应激素诱导的候选WRKY转录因子后期还需要结合生物化学与分子生物学等实验进行功能验证研究, 例如利用酵母单杂交实验验证WRKY转录因子与途径基因启动子的结合情况, 以及对BcWRKY基因过表达或敲除来进一步分析和阐明它们的功能, 通过多种方法揭示马蓝吲哚生物碱的调控机制。
本研究在缺少马蓝基因组信息的情况下, 通过生物信息学的方法较为全面地分析了马蓝中WRKY转录因子家族。通过分析马蓝根、茎和叶中WRKY表达谱筛选出10个在茎和叶中表达水平较高的BcWRKY, 并分析ABA、MeJA和SA诱导后这10个BcWRKY的表达水平, 初步筛选出马蓝吲哚生物碱生物合成相关的WRKY转录因子。本研究丰富了植物WRKY基因家族信息, 深化了对马蓝WRKY转录因子家族的认识, 为今后解析它们在吲哚生物碱等药效成分调控的分子功能及开展马蓝优质种质研究提供参考。
作者贡献: 郭志英是本研究的执行人, 负责论文设计、实验、数据分析及论文撰写; 通讯作者刁勇、张磊负责论文指导; 李卿、陈军峰负责数据分析指导; 黄玉香、马晓娟参与样品采集与定量实验; 吴循循参与数据分析与图表制作。所有作者参与论文修改。
利益冲突: 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(82003903)
  • 福建省自然科学基金资助项目(2020J05243)
  • 福建省教育厅中青年教师教育科研项目(JAT190483)
  • 福建省重大科技专项专题项目(2020NZ010008)
  • 泉州市科技计划项目(2019N031)
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2022年第57卷第9期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0433
  • 接收时间:2022-04-14
  • 首发时间:2025-12-24
  • 出版时间:2022-09-12
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  • 收稿日期:2022-04-14
  • 修回日期:2022-05-20
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(82003903)
福建省自然科学基金资助项目(2020J05243)
福建省教育厅中青年教师教育科研项目(JAT190483)
福建省重大科技专项专题项目(2020NZ010008)
泉州市科技计划项目(2019N031)
作者信息
    1.福建技术师范学院食品与生物工程学院, 福建 福清 350300
    2.中国人民解放军海军军医大学药学院, 上海 200433
    3.华侨大学医学院, 福建 泉州 362021
    4.中国人民解放军海军军医大学第二附属医院药剂科, 上海 200003
    5.上海中医药大学中药研究所, 上海 201203
    6.泉州医学高等专科学校药学院, 福建 泉州 362000
    7.泉州市农业科学研究所, 福建 泉州 362212

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*刁勇, Tel: 86-595-22692516, E-mail: ;
张磊, Tel: 86-021-81871307, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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