Article(id=1210516653239038414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210516638089212895, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0437, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1650211200000, receivedDateStr=2022-04-18, revisedDate=1652371200000, revisedDateStr=2022-05-13, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766539260443, onlineDateStr=2025-12-24, pubDate=1662912000000, pubDateStr=2022-09-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766539260443, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766539260443, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766539260443, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1210516638089212895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2022', volume='57', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='2888', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766539256832, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766539546411, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210517852726096743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210516638089212895, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210517852726096744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210516638089212895, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2759, endPage=2766, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1210516653662663152, articleId=1210516653239038414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Synthesis, cholinesterase inhibition and hepatotoxicity of tacrine-phenol-bifendate hybrids, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A series of tacrine-phenol-bifendate hybrids (7a-7e, 8a-8e) were designed, synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of cholinesterases (ChEs) with low hepatotoxicity. All the compounds had potent ChEs inhibitory activity with half-inhibitory concentration (IC50) values at the nanomolar range. Compound 8d exhibited the strongest inhibition to acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with an IC50 value of 156.39 nmol·L-1 and compound 7b showed the most potent inhibition for butyrylcholinesterase with IC50 value of 16.33 nmol·L-1. Kinetic and molecular modeling studies showed that 8d targeted both the catalytic active site and the peripheral anionic site of AChE. In addition, these compounds showed low toxicity to hepatocytes, and compound 8d did not increase the level of reactive oxygen species in HepG2 cells.

, correspAuthors=Yong-mei ZHAO, Wen LUO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2022 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Chen HONG, Yong-mei ZHAO, Hui-yan GUO, Wen LUO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1210516655373939350, articleId=1210516653239038414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=他克林-苯酚-联苯双酯杂合物的合成、胆碱酯酶抑制活性及肝毒性评价, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本文设计合成了一系列他克林-苯酚-联苯双酯杂合物(7a~7e, 8a~8e) 作为胆碱酯酶抑制剂, 并对其进行了肝毒性活性评价。结果表明, 这些化合物具有较强的胆碱酯酶抑制活性, 半数抑制浓度(IC50) 值达到纳摩级, 部分化合物优于对照药物他克林, 其中8d对乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE) 的抑制活性最强, IC50值为156.39 nmol·L-1, 7b对丁酰胆碱酯酶的活性最强, IC50值为16.33 nmol·L-1。酶动力学及分子对接表明化合物8d能够同时作用于AChE的催化活性位点和外周结合位点。另外, 这些化合物对肝细胞的体外毒性较低, 8d没有明显增加HepG2细胞内活性氧水平。

, correspAuthors=赵永梅, 罗稳, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*赵永梅, Tel: 18737850712, E-mail: ;
罗稳, Tel: 15225477220, E-mail:
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Eur J Med Chem, 2014, 74: 491-501., articleTitle=Toxicological and pharmacological evaluation, antioxidant, ADMET and molecular modeling of selected racemic chromenotacrines{11-amino-12-aryl-8, 9, 10, 12-tetrahydro-7H-chromeno[2, 3-b]quinolin-3-ols} for the potential prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1210516660872671249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516653239038414, awardId=2018020333, language=CN, fundingSource=河南省医学科技攻关计划项目(2018020333), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1210516660981723159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516653239038414, awardId=212102311030, language=CN, fundingSource=河南省重点研发与推广专项(212102311030), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1210516661136912411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516653239038414, awardId=2020-HJ-22, language=CN, fundingSource=河南应用技术职业学院项目(2020-HJ-22), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1210516655868867255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516653239038414, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210516655877255864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516653239038414, companyId=1210516655868867255, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 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Reagents and conditions: (a) 5% KOH, reflux, 6 h; (b) (Ac)2O, reflux 12 h; (c) MeOH, reflux, 9 h; (d) SOCl2, 1, 4-dioxane, DMF (one drop), 115 ℃, 2 h; (e) 3-Hydroxybenzaldehyde or 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, CHCl3, Et3N, rt, 24 h; (f) Diamine, KI, 1-pentanol, 160 ℃, 10 h; (g) MeOH, 4a-4b or benzaldehyde, rt, 8 h; (h) NaBH4, MeOH, overnight

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Compd.Subst.nIC50/nmol·L-1 aSIdORACe
AChEbBChEc
7aPara2202.81 ± 19.0576.24 ± 1.502.7< 0.2
7bPara4243.68 ± 7.0416.33 ± 1.7414.9< 0.2
7cPara6282.15 ± 5.9963.36 ± 1.104.5< 0.2
7dPara8254.35 ± 17.8461.52 ± 4.994.1< 0.2
7ePara10390.49 ± 14.6275.97 ± 7.255.2< 0.2
8aMeta21 071.56 ± 63.8696.39 ± 2.2710.6< 0.2
8bMeta4322.89 ± 22.4988.13 ± 4.193.7< 0.2
8cMeta6475.66 ± 32.3578.63 ± 2.486.1< 0.2
8dMeta8156.39 ± 24.4124.58 ± 2.056.4< 0.2
8eMeta10403.37 ± 35.621.45 ± 3.1418.9< 0.2
9fPara626.52 ± 1.078.41 ± 0.473.21.9 ± 0.2
10fPara86.84 ± 0.255.16 ± 0.381.31.6 ± 0.2
11fMeta817.16 ± 1.336.71 ± 0.542.51.7 ± 0.1
Tacrine--192.60 ± 4.1527.08 ± 1.167.1< 0.2
Curcumin-----2.8 ± 0.2
), ArticleFig(id=1210516660482601986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516653239038414, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

Inhibitory activity of cholinesterases, selectivity index, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). aIC50 values are mean of the three independent experiments; bAChE from electric eel; cBChE from equine serum; dSI = Selectivity index (IC50 AChE/IC50 BChE); eData are expressed as (μmol trolox)/(μmol tested compound); fCompounds 9-11 were synthesized according to litera-ture report [17]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Compd.Subst.nIC50/nmol·L-1 aSIdORACe
AChEbBChEc
7aPara2202.81 ± 19.0576.24 ± 1.502.7< 0.2
7bPara4243.68 ± 7.0416.33 ± 1.7414.9< 0.2
7cPara6282.15 ± 5.9963.36 ± 1.104.5< 0.2
7dPara8254.35 ± 17.8461.52 ± 4.994.1< 0.2
7ePara10390.49 ± 14.6275.97 ± 7.255.2< 0.2
8aMeta21 071.56 ± 63.8696.39 ± 2.2710.6< 0.2
8bMeta4322.89 ± 22.4988.13 ± 4.193.7< 0.2
8cMeta6475.66 ± 32.3578.63 ± 2.486.1< 0.2
8dMeta8156.39 ± 24.4124.58 ± 2.056.4< 0.2
8eMeta10403.37 ± 35.621.45 ± 3.1418.9< 0.2
9fPara626.52 ± 1.078.41 ± 0.473.21.9 ± 0.2
10fPara86.84 ± 0.255.16 ± 0.381.31.6 ± 0.2
11fMeta817.16 ± 1.336.71 ± 0.542.51.7 ± 0.1
Tacrine--192.60 ± 4.1527.08 ± 1.167.1< 0.2
Curcumin-----2.8 ± 0.2
), ArticleFig(id=1210516660612624389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516653239038414, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Compd.HepG2/%aHL-7702/%a
1 μmol·L-110 μmol·L-1100 μmol·L-11 μmol·L-110 μmol·L-1100 μmol·L-1
7a0.25 ± 0.044.50 ± 1.0518.34 ± 3.300.21 ± 0.027.59 ± 0.8714.60 ± 1.83
7b1.37 ± 0.266.42 ± 0.3515.56 ± 2.470.86 ± 0.096.64 ± 1.8519.16 ± 3.23
7c0.54 ± 0.129.24 ± 1.3118.05 ± 2.150.92 ± 0.038.72 ± 1.5121.88 ± 2.62
7d0.40 ± 0.067.50 ± 0.6821.29 ± 3.180.24 ± 0.034.19 ± 0.7420.62 ± 1.53
7e0.47 ± 0.123.28 ± 1.1413.86 ± 3.170.33 ± 0.114.20 ± 1.3816.81 ± 2.15
8a1.61 ± 0.106.67 ± 1.4220.48 ± 2.452.63 ± 0.442.92 ± 1.2315.32 ± 1.13
8b0.62 ± 0.042.45 ± 0.3219.52 ± 1.733.17 ± 0.016.69 ± 0.9413.27 ± 2.68
8c1.85 ± 0.358.63 ± 0.6624.19 ± 2.910.74 ± 0.033.43 ± 1.0613.88 ± 2.67
8d0.32 ± 0.103.96 ± 0.3816.44 ± 2.162.32 ± 0.225.74 ± 0.6214.25 ± 1.32
8e1.63 ± 0.269.53 ± 1.4821.18 ± 2.160.85 ± 0.169.08 ± 1.6723.08 ± 2.96
Tacb3.74 ± 0.2719.16 ± 1.9539.57 ± 4.522.84 ± 0.1716.30 ± 2.6432.56 ± 4.31
Mitoc45.23 ± 4.1186.53 ± 5.9296.26 ± 3.9220.03 ± 2.4078.68 ± 6.4189.11 ± 4.62
), ArticleFig(id=1210516660730064906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516653239038414, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=

Inhibition rate of the target compounds for HepG2 and HL-7702 cell lines. aData are represented as mean ± SD; bTac: Tacrine; cMito: Mitoxantrone

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Compd.HepG2/%aHL-7702/%a
1 μmol·L-110 μmol·L-1100 μmol·L-11 μmol·L-110 μmol·L-1100 μmol·L-1
7a0.25 ± 0.044.50 ± 1.0518.34 ± 3.300.21 ± 0.027.59 ± 0.8714.60 ± 1.83
7b1.37 ± 0.266.42 ± 0.3515.56 ± 2.470.86 ± 0.096.64 ± 1.8519.16 ± 3.23
7c0.54 ± 0.129.24 ± 1.3118.05 ± 2.150.92 ± 0.038.72 ± 1.5121.88 ± 2.62
7d0.40 ± 0.067.50 ± 0.6821.29 ± 3.180.24 ± 0.034.19 ± 0.7420.62 ± 1.53
7e0.47 ± 0.123.28 ± 1.1413.86 ± 3.170.33 ± 0.114.20 ± 1.3816.81 ± 2.15
8a1.61 ± 0.106.67 ± 1.4220.48 ± 2.452.63 ± 0.442.92 ± 1.2315.32 ± 1.13
8b0.62 ± 0.042.45 ± 0.3219.52 ± 1.733.17 ± 0.016.69 ± 0.9413.27 ± 2.68
8c1.85 ± 0.358.63 ± 0.6624.19 ± 2.910.74 ± 0.033.43 ± 1.0613.88 ± 2.67
8d0.32 ± 0.103.96 ± 0.3816.44 ± 2.162.32 ± 0.225.74 ± 0.6214.25 ± 1.32
8e1.63 ± 0.269.53 ± 1.4821.18 ± 2.160.85 ± 0.169.08 ± 1.6723.08 ± 2.96
Tacb3.74 ± 0.2719.16 ± 1.9539.57 ± 4.522.84 ± 0.1716.30 ± 2.6432.56 ± 4.31
Mitoc45.23 ± 4.1186.53 ± 5.9296.26 ± 3.9220.03 ± 2.4078.68 ± 6.4189.11 ± 4.62
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他克林-苯酚-联苯双酯杂合物的合成、胆碱酯酶抑制活性及肝毒性评价
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洪琛 1 , 赵永梅 2, * , 郭卉艳 3 , 罗稳 3, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2022,57(9): 2759-2766
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2022, 57(9): 2759-2766
他克林-苯酚-联苯双酯杂合物的合成、胆碱酯酶抑制活性及肝毒性评价
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洪琛1, 赵永梅2, * , 郭卉艳3, 罗稳3, *
作者信息
  • 1.河南大学淮河医院, 河南 开封475004
  • 2.河南应用技术职业学院制药工程学院, 河南 开封 475004
  • 3.河南大学天然药物与免疫工程重点实验室, 河南 开封 475004

通讯作者:

*赵永梅, Tel: 18737850712, E-mail: ;
罗稳, Tel: 15225477220, E-mail:
Synthesis, cholinesterase inhibition and hepatotoxicity of tacrine-phenol-bifendate hybrids
Chen HONG1, Yong-mei ZHAO2, * , Hui-yan GUO3, Wen LUO3, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
  • 2. Pharmaceutical Engineering Department, Henan Vocational College of Applied Technology, Kaifeng 475004, China
  • 3. Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
出版时间: 2022-09-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0437
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本文设计合成了一系列他克林-苯酚-联苯双酯杂合物(7a~7e, 8a~8e) 作为胆碱酯酶抑制剂, 并对其进行了肝毒性活性评价。结果表明, 这些化合物具有较强的胆碱酯酶抑制活性, 半数抑制浓度(IC50) 值达到纳摩级, 部分化合物优于对照药物他克林, 其中8d对乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE) 的抑制活性最强, IC50值为156.39 nmol·L-1, 7b对丁酰胆碱酯酶的活性最强, IC50值为16.33 nmol·L-1。酶动力学及分子对接表明化合物8d能够同时作用于AChE的催化活性位点和外周结合位点。另外, 这些化合物对肝细胞的体外毒性较低, 8d没有明显增加HepG2细胞内活性氧水平。

他克林  /  胆碱酯酶  /  肝毒性  /  阿尔茨海默症

A series of tacrine-phenol-bifendate hybrids (7a-7e, 8a-8e) were designed, synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of cholinesterases (ChEs) with low hepatotoxicity. All the compounds had potent ChEs inhibitory activity with half-inhibitory concentration (IC50) values at the nanomolar range. Compound 8d exhibited the strongest inhibition to acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with an IC50 value of 156.39 nmol·L-1 and compound 7b showed the most potent inhibition for butyrylcholinesterase with IC50 value of 16.33 nmol·L-1. Kinetic and molecular modeling studies showed that 8d targeted both the catalytic active site and the peripheral anionic site of AChE. In addition, these compounds showed low toxicity to hepatocytes, and compound 8d did not increase the level of reactive oxygen species in HepG2 cells.

tacrine  /  cholinesterase  /  hepatotoxicity  /  Alzheimer's disease
洪琛, 赵永梅, 郭卉艳, 罗稳. 他克林-苯酚-联苯双酯杂合物的合成、胆碱酯酶抑制活性及肝毒性评价. 药学学报, 2022 , 57 (9) : 2759 -2766 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0437
Chen HONG, Yong-mei ZHAO, Hui-yan GUO, Wen LUO. Synthesis, cholinesterase inhibition and hepatotoxicity of tacrine-phenol-bifendate hybrids[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2022 , 57 (9) : 2759 -2766 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0437
阿尔茨海默症(Alzheimer's disease, AD) 是一种伴随着认知障碍、记忆丧失的神经退行性疾病[1], 是引起老年性痴呆最常见的原因, 大约50%~75%的痴呆由此引发。据统计, 目前全球大约有5 000万AD患者, 随着世界人口老龄化进程加快, AD患者人数将逐年上升, 预计到2050年可能达到1.15亿[2]。目前的治疗药物只能缓解病情, 不能根治, 长期的护理和医疗保健的费用十分巨大, AD已经成为一个严重影响人类健康和全球经济发展的重大疾病!
虽然众多国际制药巨头和科研机构在AD发病机制和治疗方法上投入了大量的时间和精力, 迄今为止其发病机制仍然没有完全阐明, 但是许多研究结果表明, 患者脑中低的乙酰胆碱水平、β-淀粉样蛋白(β-amyloid, Aβ) 的异常聚集、τ-蛋白过度磷酸化及氧化损伤等在发病过程中扮演着重要的角色[3]。近两年AD药物研发取得重大进展, 获批了两个新药: 我国批准的靶向脑-肠轴的GV-971[4]和美国FDA批准的Aβ单抗aducanumab[5], 虽然已经获批, 但仍存在较大争议, 治疗效果还有待于临床上的验证。因此目前临床上用于治疗AD的药物仍然以胆碱酯酶抑制剂为主, 如多奈哌齐、利斯的明、加兰他敏及我国的石杉碱甲, 它们通过抑制胆碱酯酶的活性, 提高患者脑内的乙酰胆碱水平从而改善患者的记忆认知功能[6]
人的中枢神经系统中存在着乙酰胆碱酯酶(acetylcholinesterase, AChE) 和丁酰胆碱酯酶(butyrylcholinesterase, BChE), 这两种酶对乙酰胆碱都具有调节作用[7]。当AD发展到中后期, AChE水平减少, 而BChE的水平会增加, 从而补偿了对乙酰胆碱的水解[8], 因此BChE也是一个重要的治疗靶点[9], 并且研究表明同时作用于两种胆碱酯酶的抑制剂对AD患者可能更为有利[10]
他克林(tacrine) 是FDA批准的第一个用于治疗AD的胆碱酯酶抑制剂, 但它会引起肝毒性, 导致50%左右的患者转氨酶升高[11], 已经退出了临床使用。但“多靶点/多功能小分子”的提出使他克林又重新成为药物化学家们关注的焦点。首先, 他克林具有很强的胆碱酯酶抑制活性, 半数抑制浓度(IC50) 值在纳摩尔范围; 其次, 它的化学结构简单, 易于修饰, 可以方便地与其他活性片段连接, 从而生成多功能的胆碱酯酶抑制剂, 如他克林-阿魏酸、他克林-水飞蓟宾、他克林-白藜芦醇、他克林-黄酮杂合物等(图 1, A~D)[12-15]。然而这些工作大多聚焦于增效作用, 对减毒作用关注较少。本课题组前期曾针对他克林的肝毒性, 设计合成了一些他克林-联苯双酯杂合物(图 1, E), 它们显示出了比他克林更低的肝毒性[16]。因此, 在前期基础上, 本文合成了一系列他克林-苯酚-联苯双酯杂合物, 以易断裂的酯键相连, 希望其能发挥协同作用, 即联苯双酯的肝保护作用和他克林-苯酚片段的胆碱酯酶抑制及抗氧化活性。
目标化合物7a~7e8a~8e均为新化合物, 未见文献报道, 其结构通过1H NMR、13C NMR、及HR-MS确证, 纯度通过HPLC测定, 化合物9~11的合成参考文献[17]报道, 作为对照化合物以探讨构效关系, 化合物的合成见合成路线1。
中间体2以联苯双酯为起始原料, 经过碱水解、醋酐脱水和醇解三步反应得到[18], 产率较高。中间体2与二氯亚砜在DMF和二氧六环的混合液中反应生成酰氯3, 3易水解不宜久置, 新制后立即与3-羟基苯甲醛或4-羟基苯甲醛反应, 得到中间体4a4b。曾用中间体2直接与羟基苯甲醛反应制备4a4b, 以二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC) 和4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP) 联合催化室温搅拌, 但产物难以提纯, 因此未用此法。中间体6a~6e的合成路线比较成熟, 以化合物5为起始原料[19], 在正戊醇中KI催化下与过量的二胺反应, 产率大于50%[20]。值得注意的是, 在后处理中, 过量的二胺应尽量蒸除, 另外柱色谱分离时洗脱剂中需要加入少量氨水防止拖尾。目标产物7a~7e8a~8e的合成是将醛4a4b与胺6a~6e缩合生成希夫碱, 然后经NaBH4还原得到, 两步均为室温反应, 连续进行, 条件温和, 操作简单。
采用Ellman法[21]对化合物进行了胆碱酯酶抑制活性测试, 他克林作为对照药物, 结果见表 1。由表可以看出, 所有化合物对两种胆碱酯酶均显示出了较强的抑制活性, IC50值在纳摩尔范围, 通过分析化合物的结构和活性, 可以得出以下构效关系:
① 当取代基的位置相同时, 链长(n) 对间位取代化合物(8a~8e) 胆碱酯酶抑制活性的影响大于对位取代化合物(7a~7e)。例如8a~8e对AChE的IC50值为156~1 072 nmol·L-1, 而7a~7e为200~400 nmol·L-1; 8a~8e对BChE的IC50值随着链长的增加而减小, 而7a~7e的IC50值(除了7b) 变化不明显, 为60~70 nmol·L-18a~8e对AChE的抑制活性, 随着链长的增加先增后减, 其中8d (n = 8) 活性最强, IC50值为156.39 nmol·L-1; 而8a~8e对BChE的抑制活性随着链长的增加显著增强, 最强的为8e (n = 10), IC50值为21.45 nmol·L-1
② 当链长相同但取代基位置不同时, 对位取代的化合物(7a~7c7e) 的AChE抑制活性均强于相同链长的间位取代化合物(8a~8c8e)。对于BChE, 7a~7c (n = 2, 4, 6) 的抑制活性强于8a~8c, 其中7b (n = 4) 活性最强, IC50值为16.33 nmol·L-1, 但当n超过6时, 7d7e的抑制活性弱于8d8e。这是由于链长增加, 化合物8对BChE抑制活性逐渐增强造成的。
③ 通常他克林杂合物中的他克林部分作用在AChE的催化活性位点(catalytic active site, CAS), 另一部分作用在周边阴离子(peripheral anionic site, PAS) 位点, 这样的双位点结合模式能够增强抑制活性。苯酚-联苯双酯片段连接后, 抑制活性比他克林的确有所提高, 但比仅连接了苯酚片段的化合物(9~11) 活性弱, 表明体积太大的基团并不利于增强AChE抑制活性。另外, 未接联苯双酯片段的化合物9~11中, 10 (n = 8) 对两种胆碱酯酶的抑制活性最强, 11 (n = 8) 活性略弱, 9 (n = 6) 的抑制活性最低。
目标化合物中活性最好的代表化合物为8d, 对其AChE抑制动力学进行了研究。图 2A中所有直线交于坐标轴的第二象限, 这是典型的混合型抑制作用类型, 表明8d可能同时作用在AChE竞争性位点和非竞争性位点, 即CAS和PAS。
为了进一步确证化合物8d与AChE的作用模式, 采用AUTODOCK模拟软件进行了分子对接研究, AChE的蛋白编码为1ACJ, 结果见图 2B。在8d-TcAChE复合物中, 8d占据了酶的CAS、中间狭长通道和PAS部位。其中他克林部分以π-π相互作用夹在Trp84和Phe330之间, 他克林上的氮原子与His440残基上的氧原子有氢键作用, 距离为3.4 Å。联苯双酯部分通过疏水作用与PAS部位结合, 其中氧原子与Ser286残基上的羟基有氢键作用, 距离为3.3 Å。对接结果与酶动力学一致, 表明化合物8d能够与AChE的双位点结合。
采用氧自由基吸收能力(ORAC) 测定法[22], 以姜黄素作为对照, 水溶性维生素E类似物trolox为定量标准, 测试了化合物的抗氧化能力(表 1)。化合物7a~7e8a~8e并未显示出抗氧化能力, ORAC值均小于0.2。而含羟基的前体化合物9~11的ORAC值分别为1.9、1.6和1.7, 显示出了一定的抗氧化能力, 但弱于对照姜黄素。由于抗氧化活性的分子能够减轻肝细胞的氧化损伤, 具有肝保护作用[23], 因此化合物7a~7e8a~8e的酯键如能在体内分解, 可能对他克林造成的肝毒性具有一定的保护作用。
采用了溴化噻唑蓝四氮唑(MTT) 法测试了化合物对肝癌细胞HepG2和正常肝细胞HL-7702的体外毒性, 他克林和米托蒽醌(mitoxantrone) 作为对照药物, 结果见表 2。由表可以看出, 他克林在100 μmol·L-1浓度下对两种细胞株的抑制率均大于30%, 显示出一定的细胞毒性, 与文献[24]相符。细胞毒药物米托蒽醌在1 μmol·L-1浓度下对两种细胞株的抑制率 > 20%。相比之下, 目标化合物7a~7e8a~8e在低浓度下(1 μmol·L-1和10 μmol·L-1), 对两种细胞的抑制率小于10%, 在高浓度下(100 μmol·L-1) 抑制率均小于25%。以上数据表明, 目标化合物对两种肝细胞的体外毒性较低, 因此在有效的胆碱酯酶抑制浓度下(纳摩尔级), 不会显示出明显的毒性。
通过2, 7-二氯二氢-荧光素二乙酸酯(DCFH-DA) 测定了化合物8d和他克林对HepG2细胞内ROS的影响, 不加化合物为空白对照(100%), 结果见图 3。相比于对照, 他克林处理后的HepG2细胞内荧光强度随着浓度增加而明显增强, 100 μmol·L-1浓度下荧光强度为对照的122%, 表明他克林诱导了细胞内ROS的产生, 而化合物8d处理后细胞内荧光强度未见明显增强, 100 μmol·L-1浓度下荧光强度为对照的107%, 表明化合物8d并没有使细胞内ROS水平升高。
综上所述, 本文合成了一系列新的他克林-苯酚-联苯双酯杂合物作为胆碱酯酶抑制剂并进行了肝毒性活性评价。结果表明, 所合成的化合物均显示出了较强的胆碱酯酶抑制活性, 其中化合物8d对AChE的抑制活性最强, 酶动力学和分子对接结果表明8d可以与AChE的CAS和PAS两个位点发生作用。另外, 这些化合物的肝细胞毒性较弱, 8d对HepG2细胞内ROS的产生影响不大。化合物的肝毒性较低可能与分子中的联苯双酯和苯酚片段有关, 其机制需要更加深入的药理实验证实。以上结果为进一步设计低毒的他克林类抗AD药物提供了重要依据。
核磁共振氢谱、碳谱采用DPX-400型核磁共振仪测定(瑞士布鲁克公司), TMS为内标; 高分辨质谱采用1260-6230型高精度飞行时间质谱仪测定(美国安捷伦公司); 化合物纯度使用LC-20AB高效液相色谱仪测定(日本岛津公司), XB-C18反相柱4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 µm, 流动相为甲醇/水, 比例为30∶70~40∶60; WFH2204B型手提式紫外灯(上海精科公司)。
薄层色谱硅胶GF254购于青岛海洋化工厂; 联苯双酯购于南京康满林化工实业有限公司; AChE (E.C. 3.1.1.7, 来源于电鳗)、丁酰胆碱酯酶(BChE, E.C. 3.1.1.8, 来源于马血清)、硫代乙酰胆碱(acetylthiocholine, ATC)、硫代丁酰胆碱(butylthiocholine, BTC)、5, 5′-二硫代双(2-硝基苯甲酸) (DTNB)、盐酸他克林和米托蒽醌购于Sigma-Aldrich公司, 其他试剂均为市售分析纯, 未做进一步处理。
将中间体2 (1.0 mmol)、SOCl2 (10 mmol)、DMF (0.2 mL) 和二氧六环(4 mL) 加入到圆底烧瓶中, 115 ℃加热搅拌2 h, 冷却后蒸干, 得到白色固体3。向烧瓶中加入氯仿(10 mmol), 冰浴下加入3-羟基苯甲醛或4-羟基苯甲醛(1.0 mmol) 和三乙胺(0.5 mL), 自然升至室温搅拌24 h。反应完毕, 蒸干溶剂, 加入30 mL氯仿, 分别用水和饱和食盐水洗涤3次, 取有机层, 无水Na2SO4干燥, 蒸除溶剂, 柱色谱纯化得中间体4a4b
4a  白色固体, 产率46%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 9.95 (s, 1H), 7.87 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.57 (s, 1H), 7.37 (s, 1H), 7.17 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.04 (s, 2H), 6.01 (d, J = 1.2 Hz, 1H), 5.98 (d, J = 1.2 Hz, 1H), 4.01 (s, 3H), 3.93 (s, 3H), 3.71 (s, 3H)。MS (ESI) m/z: 510.1 [M+H]+
4b  白色固体, 产率58%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 9.78 (s, 1H), 7.80~7. 69 (m, 3H), 7.62 (s, 1H), 7.57 (s, 1H), 7.37 (s, 1H), 6.04 (s, 2H), 6.01 (d, J = 1.2 Hz, 1H), 5.97 (d, J = 1.2 Hz, 1H), 4.01 (s, 3H), 3.94 (s, 3H), 3.72 (s, 3H)。MS (ESI) m/z: 510.2 [M+H]+
在圆底烧瓶中加入4a4b (1.0 mmol), 用15 mL无水甲醇溶解, 加入相应的6a~6e (1.0 mmol), 室温搅拌8 h, 蒸干溶剂, 冰浴冷却下, 加入无水甲醇, 分批加入硼氢化钠(0.23 g, 6.0 mmol), 升至室温, 搅拌过夜。反应完毕, 蒸干溶剂, 加水20 mL, 乙酸乙酯萃取3次, 每次20 mL, 合并有机相, 无水Na2SO4干燥, 蒸干溶剂, 柱色谱(氯仿/甲醇/氨水= 30∶1∶0.5%) 纯化得到目标化合物。
7a  淡黄色油状液体, 产率46%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.99 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.90 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.57 (s, 1H), 7.53 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (s, 1H), 7.33 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.96 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.03 (s, 2H), 5.99 (d, J = 10.4 Hz, 2H), 5.00 (s, 1H), 4.00 (s, 3H), 3.92 (s, 3H), 3.78 (s, 2H), 3.70 (s, 3H), 3.54 (s, 2H), 3.12~3.02 (m, 2H), 2.92~2.83 (m, 2H), 2.73 (t, J = 5.8 Hz, 2H), 1.94~1.85 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 166.3, 164.5, 158.5, 151.1, 149.9, 147.4, 147.2, 142.6, 142.5, 138.8, 138.3, 137.5, 129.1, 128.6, 128.3, 123.6, 123.3, 122.9, 122.8, 121.5, 120.4, 116.3, 112.7, 112.1, 111.7, 111.2, 102.5, 102.4, 56.7, 56.6, 52.9, 52.00, 49.2, 48.3, 34.00, 29.7, 24.9, 23.1, 22.9。纯度97.8% (HPLC)。HR-MS (ESI): m/z [M+H]+ (C41H39N3O10) 计算值734.271 4, 测量值734.269 1。
7b  淡黄色油状液体, 产率59%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.84 (t, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.43 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.21 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (s, 1H), 7.15 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.83 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 5.92 (s, 2H), 5.88 (d, J = 11.4 Hz, 2H), 3.89 (s, 3H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 3.62 (s, 2H), 3.59 (s, 3H), 3.41 (t, J = 6.9 Hz, 2H), 2.98~2.93 (m, 2H), 2.57 (t, J = 5.2 Hz, 2H), 2.53 (t, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H), 1.81~1.76 (m, 4H), 1.62~1.57 (m, 2H), 1.52~1.46 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 166.3, 164.5, 158.0, 151.1, 149.8, 147.3, 147.2, 146.8, 142.6, 142.5, 138.8, 138.3, 137.7, 129.0, 128.6, 128.2, 123.7, 123.3, 122.9, 122.9, 121.4, 120.0, 115.6, 112.7, 112.1, 111.7, 111.2, 102.5, 102.4, 56.7, 56.6, 53.4, 52.0, 49.3, 48.8, 33.6, 29.5, 27.5, 24.8, 23.0, 22.7。纯度98.3% (HPLC)。HR-MS (ESI): m/z [M+H]+ (C43H43N3O10) 计算值762.302 7, 测量值762.303 1。
7c  淡黄色油状液体, 产率63%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC3) δ 7.97 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.56~7.50 (m, 2H), 7.33 (s, 1H), 7.30 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (s, 2H), 6.91 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.00 (s, 2H), 5.97 (s, 1H), 5.94 (s, 1H), 4.45 (s, 1H), 3.96 (s, 3H), 3.88 (s, 3H), 3.73 (s, 2H), 3.67 (s, 3H), 3.53 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.05 (s, 2H), 2.64 (s, 2H), 2.57 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.89~1.84 (m, 4H), 1.65 (p, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.49 (p, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.39~1.30 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 166.3, 164.5, 156.8, 151.9, 149.8, 147.3, 147.2, 145.5, 142.5, 142.5, 138.7, 138.3, 137.2, 129.2, 129.2, 126.9, 123.9, 123.3, 123.2, 122.9, 121.4, 119.3, 114.8, 112.7, 112.1, 111.7, 111.2, 102.5, 102.4, 56.7, 56.6, 53.2, 52.0, 49.2, 49.0, 32.8, 31.5, 29.6, 27.0, 26.8, 24.6, 22.8, 22.3。纯度99.2% (HPLC)。HR-MS (ESI): m/z [M+H]+ (C45H47N3O10) 计算值790.334 0, 测量值790.332 4。
7d  淡黄色油状液体, 产率55%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.95 (t, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.56~7.50 (m, 2H), 7.34 (s, 1H), 7.30 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.27 (t, J = 4.4 Hz, 2H), 6.91 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 5.99 (s, 2H), 5.97 (s, 1H), 5.94 (s, 1H), 4.27 (s, 1H), 3.96 (s, 3H), 3.88 (s, 3H), 3.72 (s, 2H), 3.67 (s, 3H), 3.50 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.05 (s, 2H), 2.65 (s, 2H), 2.56 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.87 (s, 4H), 1.63 (p, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.50~1.43 (m, 2H), 1.35~1.24 (m, 8H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 166.3, 164.5, 157.4, 151.5, 149.7, 147.3, 147.2, 146.2, 142.5, 142.5, 138.7, 138.3, 137.6, 129.1, 128.8, 127.5, 123.8, 123.3, 123.1, 122.9, 121.3, 119.6, 115.1, 112.7, 112.1, 111.7, 111.3, 102.5, 102.4, 56.7, 56.6, 53.3, 51.9, 49.4, 49.3, 33.2, 31.7, 29.9, 29.4, 29.3, 27.2, 26.8, 24.6, 22.9, 22.5。纯度97.4% (HPLC)。HR-MS (ESI): m/z [M+H]+(C47H51N3O10) 计算值818.365 3, 测量值818.363 4。
7e  淡黄色油状液体, 产率43%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.96 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.90 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (s, 1H), 7.55~7.51 (m, 1H), 7.36 (s, 1H), 7.35~7.31 (m, 1H), 7.28 (s, 1H), 7.26 (s, 1H), 6.93 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.02 (s, 2H), 6.00 (d, J = 1.4 Hz, 1H), 5.97 (d, J = 1.4 Hz, 1H), 3.99 (s, 3H), 3.92 (s, 3H), 3.73 (s, 2H), 3.69 (s, 3H), 3.48 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.06 (s, 2H), 2.70 (s, 2H), 2.58 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.94~1.89 (m, 4H), 1.68~1.62 (m, 2H), 1.47 (t, J = 6.9 Hz, 2H), 1.40~1.27 (m, 12H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 166.3, 164.5, 158.4, 150.9, 149.7, 147.5, 147.3, 147.2, 142.6, 142.5, 138.7, 138.3, 138.0, 129.0, 128.7, 128.3, 123.6, 123.3, 122.9, 121.3, 120.2, 115.8, 112.7, 112.2, 111.6, 111.2, 102.5, 102.4, 56.7, 56.6, 53.5, 52.0, 49.6, 49.5, 34.0, 31.8, 30.1, 29.5, 29.5, 29.4, 27.4, 27.0, 24.8, 23.1, 22.8。纯度98.4% (HPLC)。HR-MS (ESI): m/z [M+H]+ (C49H55N3O10) 计算值846.396 6, 测量值846.394 6。
8a  淡黄色油状液体, 产率69%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.99 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.93 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (s, 1H), 7.51 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (s, 1H), 7.31 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.15 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (s, 1H), 6.89 (dd, J = 8.0, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 6.02 (s, 2H), 5.96 (dd, J = 6.0, 1.2 Hz, 2H), 5.16 (brs, 1H), 3.98 (s, 3H), 3.89 (s, 3H), 3.79 (s, 2H), 3.69 (s, 3H), 3.55 (s, 2H), 3.05 (t, J = 5.6 Hz, 2H), 2.89~2.83 (m, 2H), 2.69 (d, J = 5.8 Hz, 2H), 1.91~1.81 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 166.3, 164.5, 157.8, 151.4, 151.0, 147.3, 147.2, 146.6, 142.5, 142.5, 141.8, 138.8, 138.3, 129.4, 128.6, 127.9, 125.4, 123.7, 123.2, 123.0, 122.7, 121.2, 120.2, 119.9, 115.8, 112.7, 112.1, 111.6, 111.1, 102.5, 102.4, 56.6, 56.5, 52.9, 52.0, 49.0, 48.1, 33.5, 24.7, 23.0, 22.6。纯度99.0% (HPLC)。HR-MS (ESI): m/z [M+H]+ (C41H39N3O10) 计算值734.271 4, 测量值734.270 8。
8b  淡黄色油状液体, 产率47%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.93 (d, 1H, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.89 (d, 1H, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.53 (t, 2H, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.39~7.30 (m, 2H), 7.27 (s, 2H), 7.12 (d, 1H, J = 7.2 Hz), 6.98 (s, 1H), 6.87 (d, 1H, J = 7.6 Hz), 6.02 (s, 2H), 5.98 (s, 2H), 3.98 (s, 3H), 3.90 (s, 3H), 3.74 (s, 2H), 3.69 (s, 3H), 3.48 (t, 2H, J = 6.8 Hz), 3.05 (s, 2H), 2.69 (s, 2H), 2.64 (t, 2H, J = 6.8 Hz), 1.89 (s, 4H), 1.72~1.67 (m, 2H), 1.62~1.55 (m, 2H), 1.25 (s, 2H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 166.3, 164.5, 158.5, 151.0, 150.7, 147.5, 147.3, 147.2, 142.6, 142.5, 142.1, 138.8, 138.3, 129.3, 128.7, 128.3, 125.3, 123.7, 123.3, 122.8, 121.1, 120.3, 120.0, 116.0, 112.7, 112.1, 111.6, 111.2, 102.5, 102.4, 100.0, 56.7, 56.6, 53.6, 52.0, 49.4, 49.0, 34.1, 29.5, 27.6, 24.9, 23.1, 22.8。纯度98.5% (HPLC)。HR-MS (ESI): m/z [M+H]+ (C43H43N3O10) 计算值762.302 7, 测量值762.300 8。
8c  淡黄色油状液体, 产率63%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.94 (d, 1H, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.89 (d, 1H, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.56 (s, 1H), 7.52 (t, 1H, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.36 (s, 1H), 7.32 (d, 1H, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.26 (t, 1H, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.12 (d, 1H, J = 8.0 Hz), 6.99 (s, 1H), 6.87 (dd, 1H, J = 8.0, 1.2 Hz), 6.00 (s, 2H), 5.98 (s, 2H), 3.97 (s, 3H), 3.89 (s, 3H), 3.73 (s, 2H), 3.69 (s, 3H), 3.45 (t, 2H, J = 7.2 Hz), 3.04 (t, 2H, J = 6.0 Hz), 2.67 (t, 2H, J = 5.6 Hz), 2.57 (t, 2H, J = 7.2 Hz), 1.90~1.88 (m, 4H), 1.67~1.58 (m, 2H), 1.51~1.44 (m, 2H), 1.41~1.29 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 166.3, 164.5, 158.4, 151.0, 150.8, 147.5, 147.4, 147.2, 142.5, 142.5, 142.3, 138.7, 138.3, 129.2, 128.7, 128.2, 125.3, 123.6, 123.3, 122.9, 121.1, 120.3, 119.9, 115.9, 112.7, 112.1, 111.6, 111.3, 102.5, 102.4, 56.6, 56.6, 53.6, 52.0, 49.4, 49.3, 34.1, 31.7, 30.0, 27.1, 26.9, 24.8, 23.1, 22.8。纯度99.6% (HPLC)。HR-MS (ESI): m/z [M+H]+ (C45H47N3O10) 计算值790.334 0, 测量值790.331 5。
8d  淡黄色油状液体, 产率48%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.96 (d, 1H, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.91 (d, 1H, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.61~7.51 (m, 2H), 7.37 (s, 2H), 7.33 (t, 1H, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.27 (t, 1H, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.14 (d, 1H, J = 7.6 Hz), 6.99 (s, 1H), 6.87 (dd, 1H, J = 8.0, 1.2 Hz), 6.03 (s, 2H), 6.00 (q, 2H, J = 1.2 Hz), 3.99 (s, 3H), 3.92 (s, 3H), 3.75 (s, 2H), 3.70 (s, 3H), 3.48 (t, 2H, J = 7.2 Hz), 3.07 (s, 2H), 2.70 (s, 2H), 2.59 (t, 2H, J = 7.2 Hz), 1.94~1.87 (m, 4H), 1.65 (m, 2H), 1.47 (t, 2H, J = 7.2 Hz), 1.39~1.26 (m, 8H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 166.3, 164.5, 158.3, 150.9, 147.3, 147.2, 142.5, 142.5, 142.3, 138.7, 138.3, 129.2, 128.5, 128.4, 125.3, 123.6, 123.2, 122.9, 122.8, 121.1, 120.1, 119.9, 115.7, 112.7, 112.1, 111.5, 111.1, 102.5, 102.4, 56.6, 56.5, 53.6, 52.0, 49.5, 33.9, 31.8, 30.0, 29.4, 29.3, 27.2, 26.9, 24.8, 23.0, 22.8。纯度97.3% (HPLC)。HR-MS (ESI): m/z [M+H]+ (C47H51N3O10) 计算值818.365 3, 测量值818.362 9。
8e  淡黄色油状液体, 产率33%。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.91 (t, 2H, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.46 (s, 1H), 7.45 (t, 1H, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.24 (t, 1H, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.20 (s, 1H), 7.17 (t, 1H, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.05 (d, 1H, J = 8.0 Hz), 6.90 (s, 1H), 6.78 (dd, 1H, J = 8.0, 1.2 Hz), 5.92 (s, 2H), 5.89 (s, 2H), 4.42 (brs, 1H), 3.88 (s, 3H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 3.66 (s, 2H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 3.46 (t, 2H, J = 7.2 Hz), 2.99 (s, 2H), 2.57 (s, 2H), 2.50 (t, 2H, J = 7.2 Hz), 1.79 (s, 4H), 1.61~1.54 (m, 2H), 1.44~1.36 (m, 2H), 1.26~1.15 (m, 12H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 166.3, 164.4, 156.8, 151.9, 150.9, 147.3, 147.2, 145.6, 142.5, 142.5, 142.0, 138.7, 138.3, 129.2, 129.1, 126.9, 125.4, 123.8, 123.3, 122.9, 121.1, 119.9, 119.3, 114.7, 112.7, 112.1, 111.6, 111.2, 102.5, 102.4, 56.6, 56.6, 53.5, 51.9, 49.5, 49.3, 32.8, 31.6, 30.0, 29.5, 29.4, 29.3, 27.3, 26.9, 24.6, 22.8, 22.4。纯度96.8% (HPLC)。HR-MS (ESI): m/z [M+H]+ (C49H55N3O10) 计算值846.396 6, 测量值846.394 8。
在96孔板中选取6个孔, 每孔加入10 μL胆碱酯酶酶溶液, 以及0、5、10、20、35、50 μL待测化合物溶液, 加入0.1 mol·L-1 pH = 8.0磷酸缓冲溶液使总体积为100 μL, 37 ℃孵育15 min, 加入ATC (10 μL)、DTNB (10 μL) 及缓冲液(80 μL) 的混合液共计100 μL, 混匀后测其在λ = 412 nm处的A值(An), 参比用0.1 mol·L-1 pH = 8.0的磷酸缓冲溶液。ATC的自发水解为A自发值, 以未加样品所测得的Acontrol值作为100个活力单位。相对酶活力= (An - A自发 / Acontrol - A自发) × 100, 然后以酶的相对活力对抑制剂浓度作图, 根据抑制曲线求得各种化合物的IC50值(抑制酶活力50%时的抑制剂浓度)。实验重复3次, 取平均值。
采用Autodock 4.2分子对接程序进行化合物8d与AChE相互作用的研究。对接之前对蛋白质与小分子的预处理。预处理包括蛋白质的氨基酸残基添加氢键, 赋予Gasteiger电荷; 对小分子进行电荷计算, 设定可旋转键。得到的蛋白质结构是由AUOTOGRID为配体上的每个原子类型进行原子亲和性的格点计算, 每个网格点相距0.375 Å, 网格盒子分别置于酶活性的底部(AChE[2.781、64.383、67.971]), 大小设定为50×46×46 Å, 包括了活性口袋所有残基。对接计算使用了拉马克遗传算法(LGA), 随机个体群为150, 能量评估系数为2 500 000, 其他参数为软件默认参数。
细胞培养、MTT测试和细胞内ROS检测参考文献[20]
作者贡献: 洪琛完成了化合物的合成、结构鉴定和胆碱酯酶活性评价; 赵永梅完成了分子对接并完成初稿; 郭卉艳完成了体外肝毒性活性评价; 罗稳设计指导实验和完成论文修改。
利益冲突: 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
  • 河南省医学科技攻关计划项目(2018020333)
  • 河南省重点研发与推广专项(212102311030)
  • 河南应用技术职业学院项目(2020-HJ-22)
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2022年第57卷第9期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0437
  • 接收时间:2022-04-18
  • 首发时间:2025-12-24
  • 出版时间:2022-09-12
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  • 收稿日期:2022-04-18
  • 修回日期:2022-05-13
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河南省医学科技攻关计划项目(2018020333)
河南省重点研发与推广专项(212102311030)
河南应用技术职业学院项目(2020-HJ-22)
作者信息
    1.河南大学淮河医院, 河南 开封475004
    2.河南应用技术职业学院制药工程学院, 河南 开封 475004
    3.河南大学天然药物与免疫工程重点实验室, 河南 开封 475004

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罗稳, Tel: 15225477220, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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