Article(id=1210516646268113065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210516638089212895, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0348, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1648051200000, receivedDateStr=2022-03-24, revisedDate=1652371200000, revisedDateStr=2022-05-13, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766539258782, onlineDateStr=2025-12-24, pubDate=1662912000000, pubDateStr=2022-09-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766539258782, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766539258782, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766539258782, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1210516638089212895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2022', volume='57', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='2888', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766539256832, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766539546411, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210517852726096743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210516638089212895, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210517852726096744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210516638089212895, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2751, endPage=2758, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1210516647543181531, articleId=1210516646268113065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Inhibitory effects and mechanisms of cryptotanshinone on the growth of tamoxifen resistant breast cancer cells, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study investigated the inhibitory effect and mechanisms of cryptotanshinone (CPT) on tamoxifen resistant cell MCF7-TAMR. The inhibitory effect of CPT on the viability of MCF7-TAMR cells was evaluated using the MTT assay. We found that CPT significantly inhibited the growth of MCF7-TAMR cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The half inhibitory concentration (IC50) is 15.14 ± 2.82 μmol·L-1 at 24 h. CPT induced cell cycle arrest of MCF7-TAMR cells at G0/G1 phase, and promoted apoptosis of MCF7-TAMR cells by upregulating intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Transwell results showed that CPT significantly inhibited the migration of MCF7-TAMR cells. Furthermore, CPT decreased the CD24-/lowCD44+ cell population in MCF7-TAMR cell-derived microspheres. Western blot results showed that CPT effectively inhibited the phosphorylation of estrogen receptor α (ER-α), and reduced the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K-p85), serine-threonine protein kinase (Akt) and multidrug transporter ATP-binding cassette superfamily G member 2 (ABCG2). These results showed that CPT can induce cell apoptosis, cause cell cycle arrest, inhibit cell migration and inhibit ER-α phosphorylation, inhibit PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, reduce the number of CD24-/lowCD44+ cells and the expression of ABCG2, overcome cell drug resistance.

, correspAuthors=Jin-yao LI, Ying ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2022 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Hang LIU, Li-jie XIA, Jin-yao LI, Ying ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1210516649644528039, articleId=1210516646268113065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=隐丹参酮对乳腺癌他莫昔芬耐药细胞的生长抑制作用与机制研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究探讨了隐丹参酮(cryptotanshinone, CPT) 对乳腺癌他莫昔芬耐药细胞MCF7-TAMR的抑制作用及机制。采用MTT法检测CPT对MCF7-TAMR细胞的生长抑制作用, 发现CPT剂量与时间依赖性抑制MCF7-TAMR细胞的生长, 24 h半数抑制浓度(IC50) 为15.14 ± 2.82 μmol·L-1。CPT可阻滞细胞周期于G0/G1期, 并通过上调细胞内活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS) 水平促进细胞凋亡。Transwell结果显示CPT对MCF7-TAMR细胞的迁移有显著抑制作用。此外, CPT降低了MCF7-TAMR细胞来源微球体中CD24-/lowCD44+细胞群。Western blot结果证明, CPT有效抑制雌激素受体-α (estrogen receptor α, ER-α) 磷酸化, 抑制磷酸肌醇3-激酶(phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, PI3K-p85) 与丝氨酸-苏氨酸激酶(serine-threonine protein kinase, Akt) 蛋白的表达, 同时降低了多重药物转运蛋白ABCG2 (ATP-binding cassette superfamily G member 2) 的表达。本研究结果表明, CPT通过诱导细胞凋亡, 引起细胞周期阻滞, 抑制细胞迁移、ER-α磷酸化及PI3K/Akt信号通路, 降低CD24-/lowCD44+细胞群数量及ABCG2的表达, 并可克服细胞耐药性。

, correspAuthors=李金耀, 张英, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*李金耀, Tel: 86-991-8583451, E-mail: ;
张英, Tel: 86-10-88001500, E-mail:
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BMC Complement Med Ther, 2020, 20: 337., articleTitle=Jianpi Yangwei decoction promotes apoptosis and suppresses proliferation of 5-fluorouracil resistant, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1210516655185204003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516646268113065, awardId=7192181, language=CN, fundingSource=北京市自然科学基金资助项目(7192181), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1210516649908769218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516646268113065, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210516649917157827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516646268113065, companyId=1210516649908769218, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 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Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100053, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210516650051375569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516646268113065, companyId=1210516650038792655, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中国中医科学院广安门医院, 北京 100053)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1210516653440373401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516646268113065, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=jvGg3CJJuHMOYJN47JicEg==, figureFileBig=dsPtfNIenY4VbRd3f4mYkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516653536842400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516646268113065, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= Cell viability of MCF7 cells and MCF7-TAMR cells. A, B: Cell viability of MCF7 cells (A) and MCF7-TAMR cells (B) after treatment with various concentrations of tamoxifen for 24 h; C, D: Cell viability of MCF7 cells (C) and MCF7-TAMR cells (D) after treatment with various concentrations of cisplatin for 24 h; E, F: Cell viability of MCF7 cells (E) and MCF7-TAMR cells (F) after treatment with various concentrations of cryptotanshinone (CPT) for 24, 48 and 72 h. <i>n</i> = 3, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \bar x $</span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control group (0) , figureFileSmall=jvGg3CJJuHMOYJN47JicEg==, figureFileBig=dsPtfNIenY4VbRd3f4mYkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516653792694963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516646268113065, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=phek7Y/BFF5eQ4c+4SH6Pw==, figureFileBig=3qDuGuufy176k3VbNBVI4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516653893358264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516646268113065, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Apoptosis of MCF7-TAMR cells induced by CPT. A: Effect of CPT on nucleus morphology of MCF7-TAMR cells. The apoptotic cells were indicated by white arrows. Scale bar: 100 μm; B: Flow cytometry analyzes the apoptosis rates induced by CPT. <i>n</i> = 3, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \bar x $</span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control group. PI: Propidium iodide , figureFileSmall=phek7Y/BFF5eQ4c+4SH6Pw==, figureFileBig=3qDuGuufy176k3VbNBVI4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516654002410178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516646268113065, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=/wJ66CEKDriD/+1b1gwfdA==, figureFileBig=Ms0gnSsVCrRauCdq9eQZrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516654119850700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516646268113065, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= Effect of CPT on the distribution of MCF7-TAMR cell cycle. Cells were treated with or without CPT and NAC for 24 h, and stained with PI, then analyzed by flow cytometry. A: Cells were treated with CPT for 24 h; B: Cells were treated with CPT and NAC for 24 h. <i>n</i> = 3, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \bar x $</span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control group. NAC: <i>N</i>-Acetyl-<i>L</i>-cysteine , figureFileSmall=/wJ66CEKDriD/+1b1gwfdA==, figureFileBig=Ms0gnSsVCrRauCdq9eQZrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516654212125396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516646268113065, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=5f7nw3U756iUY5uEZPGTNg==, figureFileBig=Q78IQ7dSNRjywzrjXvuuIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516654316983003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516646268113065, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= Effects of CPT on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in MCF7-TAMR cells. Cells were treated with or without CPT, and stained with DCFH-DA, then observed by inverted fluorescence microscope (A) or analyzed by flow cytometry (B). Scale bar: 100 μm. <i>n</i> = 3, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \bar x $</span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control group , figureFileSmall=5f7nw3U756iUY5uEZPGTNg==, figureFileBig=Q78IQ7dSNRjywzrjXvuuIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516654480560869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516646268113065, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=6J+23QuLJsR9VTiJy2JIKA==, figureFileBig=gnK2rKJuoJym1Vt2QjFS2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516654606389997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516646268113065, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= CPT inhibited migration and invasion of MCF7-TAMR cells. Scale bar: 100 μm. <i>n</i> = 3, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \bar x $</span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control group , figureFileSmall=6J+23QuLJsR9VTiJy2JIKA==, figureFileBig=gnK2rKJuoJym1Vt2QjFS2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516654736413431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516646268113065, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=RaBb/feU/X9EjE3KfmwIvw==, figureFileBig=PnwukHAPhNDkEOan2XCVrA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516654837076737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516646268113065, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption= Detection of CD24 and CD44 on the surface of microspheres by flow cytometry. A: Cells were treated with CPT for 24 h; B: Cells were treated with CPT and NAC for 24 h. <i>n</i> = 3, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \bar x $</span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control group , figureFileSmall=RaBb/feU/X9EjE3KfmwIvw==, figureFileBig=PnwukHAPhNDkEOan2XCVrA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516654937740042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516646268113065, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=cPcEVf010r6/X4hxbImJqw==, figureFileBig=8OqmQEZ7oFtTex0zMf8gwQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516655059374867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516646268113065, language=CN, label=Figure 7, caption= Effect of CPT on the protein expression of phospho S118 estrogen receptor <i>α</i> (p-ER-<i>α</i>), ATP-binding cassette superfamily G member 2 (ABCG2), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K-p85) and serine-threonine protein kinase (Akt) in MCF7-TAMR cells. A: Cells were treated with CPT for 24 h; B: Cells were treated with CPT and NAC for 24 h. 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隐丹参酮对乳腺癌他莫昔芬耐药细胞的生长抑制作用与机制研究
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刘航 1 , 夏丽洁 1 , 李金耀 1, * , 张英 2, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2022,57(9): 2751-2758
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2022, 57(9): 2751-2758
隐丹参酮对乳腺癌他莫昔芬耐药细胞的生长抑制作用与机制研究
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刘航1, 夏丽洁1, 李金耀1, * , 张英2, *
作者信息
  • 1.新疆生物资源基因工程重点实验室, 新疆大学生命科学与技术学院, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830046
  • 2.中国中医科学院广安门医院, 北京 100053

通讯作者:

*李金耀, Tel: 86-991-8583451, E-mail: ;
张英, Tel: 86-10-88001500, E-mail:
Inhibitory effects and mechanisms of cryptotanshinone on the growth of tamoxifen resistant breast cancer cells
Hang LIU1, Li-jie XIA1, Jin-yao LI1, * , Ying ZHANG2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
  • 2. Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100053, China
出版时间: 2022-09-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0348
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本研究探讨了隐丹参酮(cryptotanshinone, CPT) 对乳腺癌他莫昔芬耐药细胞MCF7-TAMR的抑制作用及机制。采用MTT法检测CPT对MCF7-TAMR细胞的生长抑制作用, 发现CPT剂量与时间依赖性抑制MCF7-TAMR细胞的生长, 24 h半数抑制浓度(IC50) 为15.14 ± 2.82 μmol·L-1。CPT可阻滞细胞周期于G0/G1期, 并通过上调细胞内活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS) 水平促进细胞凋亡。Transwell结果显示CPT对MCF7-TAMR细胞的迁移有显著抑制作用。此外, CPT降低了MCF7-TAMR细胞来源微球体中CD24-/lowCD44+细胞群。Western blot结果证明, CPT有效抑制雌激素受体-α (estrogen receptor α, ER-α) 磷酸化, 抑制磷酸肌醇3-激酶(phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, PI3K-p85) 与丝氨酸-苏氨酸激酶(serine-threonine protein kinase, Akt) 蛋白的表达, 同时降低了多重药物转运蛋白ABCG2 (ATP-binding cassette superfamily G member 2) 的表达。本研究结果表明, CPT通过诱导细胞凋亡, 引起细胞周期阻滞, 抑制细胞迁移、ER-α磷酸化及PI3K/Akt信号通路, 降低CD24-/lowCD44+细胞群数量及ABCG2的表达, 并可克服细胞耐药性。

隐丹参酮  /  乳腺癌  /  他莫昔芬耐药细胞  /  凋亡  /  作用机制

This study investigated the inhibitory effect and mechanisms of cryptotanshinone (CPT) on tamoxifen resistant cell MCF7-TAMR. The inhibitory effect of CPT on the viability of MCF7-TAMR cells was evaluated using the MTT assay. We found that CPT significantly inhibited the growth of MCF7-TAMR cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The half inhibitory concentration (IC50) is 15.14 ± 2.82 μmol·L-1 at 24 h. CPT induced cell cycle arrest of MCF7-TAMR cells at G0/G1 phase, and promoted apoptosis of MCF7-TAMR cells by upregulating intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Transwell results showed that CPT significantly inhibited the migration of MCF7-TAMR cells. Furthermore, CPT decreased the CD24-/lowCD44+ cell population in MCF7-TAMR cell-derived microspheres. Western blot results showed that CPT effectively inhibited the phosphorylation of estrogen receptor α (ER-α), and reduced the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K-p85), serine-threonine protein kinase (Akt) and multidrug transporter ATP-binding cassette superfamily G member 2 (ABCG2). These results showed that CPT can induce cell apoptosis, cause cell cycle arrest, inhibit cell migration and inhibit ER-α phosphorylation, inhibit PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, reduce the number of CD24-/lowCD44+ cells and the expression of ABCG2, overcome cell drug resistance.

cryptotanshinone  /  breast cancer  /  tamoxifen-resistant cell  /  apoptosis  /  mechanism of action
刘航, 夏丽洁, 李金耀, 张英. 隐丹参酮对乳腺癌他莫昔芬耐药细胞的生长抑制作用与机制研究. 药学学报, 2022 , 57 (9) : 2751 -2758 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0348
Hang LIU, Li-jie XIA, Jin-yao LI, Ying ZHANG. Inhibitory effects and mechanisms of cryptotanshinone on the growth of tamoxifen resistant breast cancer cells[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2022 , 57 (9) : 2751 -2758 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0348
乳腺癌是女性癌症死亡的主要原因之一, 其新发病例占新诊断病例的31%[1], 已日渐成为威胁女性健康的头号癌症。超过70%的乳腺癌是雌激素受体(estrogen receptor, ER) 阳性的, 多数最初依赖于类固醇激素雌激素的激活。ER-α是一种在乳腺癌进程中发挥关键作用的核受体, 也是乳腺癌发病与治疗的主要分子靶点之一[2]。因乳腺癌的发生依赖于雌激素-ER信号通路及下游信号通路, 故雌激素抑制剂与ER拮抗剂一直是ER+乳腺癌治疗的主要药物[3]。他莫昔芬(tamoxifen) 是一种选择性雌激素受体调节剂, 可与ER结合, 同雌激素与ER的结合是竞争关系, 属于竞争性拮抗剂。虽然通过他莫昔芬等内分泌疗法的药物大幅降低了乳腺癌的复发率和死亡率, 但依然约有30%的患者在经过内分泌疗法治疗后会产生耐药性, 导致肿瘤的复发与转移, 同时发展为ER+转移性的乳腺癌会不可避免地出现内分泌疗法的耐药性, 故该疗法存在的获得性耐药问题仍是一个挑战[4]
肿瘤干细胞是一组具有高自我更新与迁移功能的细胞, 被认为是肿瘤耐药的根本原因, 最终促进癌症复发, 针对肿瘤干细胞可能是乳腺癌治疗中的潜在策略。研究发现, 经雌激素诱导可增加乳腺癌细胞系中CD24-/lowCD44+细胞群数量[5], 且由ER-α介导的雌激素信号对ER+乳腺癌干细胞的调节与维持有重要作用[6]。此外, 研究表明磷酸肌醇3-激酶/丝氨酸-苏氨酸激酶(phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/serine-threonine protein kinase, PI3K/Akt) 信号通路与肿瘤干细胞生物学存在联系, 靶向PI3K可消除肿瘤干细胞并有益于癌症的治疗[7], Akt可调节肿瘤干细胞标志物多重药物转运蛋白ABCG2 (ATP-binding cassette superfamily G member 2)[8], 故PI3K/Akt抑制剂是癌症药物开发的有效策略。
隐丹参酮(cryptotanshinone, CPT) 是植物丹参根中主要的二萜醌类化合物, 分子式为C19H20O3, 相对分子质量296.35, 外观为橙红色针状结晶[9]。研究报道CPT表现出较好的抗肿瘤活性, 具有很高的药用价值[10]。本研究采取乳腺癌他莫昔芬耐药细胞MCF7-TAMR为实验对象, 初步探究了CPT对MCF7-TAMR细胞的生长抑制作用及其机制。
试剂  人乳腺癌他莫昔芬耐药细胞株MCF7-TAMR、人乳腺癌细胞株MCF7细胞(美国模式培养物集存库); 胎牛血清(fetal bovine serum, FBS, MRC公司); 青霉素-链霉素双抗、胰蛋白酶(全式金公司); CPT、他莫昔芬、顺铂(cisplatin)、噻唑蓝(thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide, MTT)、牛血清白蛋白(bovine serum albumin, BSA)、人胰岛素(源叶生物公司); Fx Cycle™ PI/RNase staining solution、B27、KnockOut™血清代替物(Gibco公司); Hoechst 33258染色液、Annexin V-FITC/PI (propidium iodide) 凋亡检测试剂盒、兔抗人PI3K-p85多抗、兔抗人Akt1/2/3单抗、兔抗人β-actin单抗、抗氧化剂NAC (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)、BCA (bicinchoninic acid) 蛋白浓度测定试剂盒、ECL (enhanced chemiluminescence) 化学发光试剂盒(碧云天公司); 兔抗人p-ER-α (phospho S118 ER-α) 单抗、兔抗人ABCG2单抗(Abcam公司); PE mouse anti-human CD24、APC mouse anti-human CD44、β-成纤维细胞生长因子(β-FGF)、重组表皮生长因子(EGF) (BD公司); ROS检测试剂盒(翌圣生物公司); Transwell小室(Nest公司); Matrigel (Corning公司)。
主要仪器  流式细胞仪(BD公司); 荧光倒置显微镜(Nikon公司)。
MTT法检测细胞活力  取对数生长期的乳腺癌细胞MCF7-TAMR与MCF7, 接种于96孔板中, 细胞密度为每毫升6×104个, 每孔100 μL, 待细胞完全贴壁后, 以不同浓度药物进行处理, 每组设置6个复孔。放置于培养箱继续培养24、48、72 h, 离心后弃上清, 每孔加入100 μL MTT溶液(终浓度0.5 mg·mL-1), 继续培养4 h, 离心后弃上清, 加入二甲基亚砜(DMSO), 于490 nm测定吸光度(A) 值, 计算细胞活力, 绘制生长曲线。
流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡  取对数生长期的乳腺癌细胞MCF7-TAMR, 以每孔每毫升1.2×105个的密度接种于60 mm培养皿中, 置于培养箱继续培养至完全贴壁, 弃旧培养基, 以不同浓度CPT (5、15和25 μmol·L-1) 给药处理24 h后收集细胞, 离心后以磷酸盐缓冲液(phosphate buffer solution, PBS) 清洗, 弃上清。加入100 μL 1× binding buffer混匀并重悬细胞, 每组加入10 μL染液(Annexin V-FITC∶PI = 1∶2), 混匀室温避光孵育15 min后, 加入300 μL 1× binding buffer, 采用流式细胞仪检测。
Hoechst 33258荧光染色观察细胞形态学变化  取对数生长期的乳腺癌细胞MCF7-TAMR, 以每孔每毫升1.2×105个的密度接种于12孔板中, 置于培养箱继续培养至完全贴壁, 弃旧培养基, 以不同浓度CPT (5、15和25 μmol·L-1) 给药处理24 h后弃上清, 以4%多聚甲醛于4 ℃固定15 min后PBS清洗, 吸尽液体后每孔加入Hoechst 33258 1 mL, 染色10 min后, 以PBS清洗2次, 于荧光倒置显微镜下观察并拍照细胞形态变化。
流式细胞术检测细胞周期  取对数生长期的乳腺癌细胞MCF7-TAMR, 以每孔每毫升1.2×105个的密度接种于60 mm培养皿中, 置于培养箱继续培养至完全贴壁, 弃旧培养基, 以不同浓度CPT (5、15和25 μmol·L-1) 给药处理24 h后收集细胞, PBS洗涤后, 调整细胞浓度至每毫升106个, 以70%冰乙醇4 ℃下固定细胞30 min; 离心后PBS洗涤, 加入300 μL PI/RNase A染液, 混匀后室温避光孵育30 min, 采用流式细胞仪检测与分析细胞周期分布情况。
流式细胞术检测细胞内活性氧ROS  取对数生长期的乳腺癌细胞MCF7-TAMR, 以每孔每毫升1.2×105个的密度接种于60 mm培养皿中, 置于培养箱继续培养至完全贴壁, 弃旧培养基, 以不同浓度CPT (5、15和25 μmol·L-1) 给药处理后收集细胞, 按照下述两种方式处理: ①原位装载探针: 去除旧培养基, 并以DCFH-DA稀释溶液(DCFH-DA以无血清培养基1∶1 000稀释) 覆盖细胞, 于37 ℃条件下孵育20 min。用无血清培养基洗涤细胞, 于荧光显微镜下观察并拍照; ②收集细胞后转载探针: 细胞收集后悬浮于DCFH-DA稀释溶液中, 37 ℃孵育20 min, 洗涤细胞后, 采用流式细胞仪检测细胞内ROS含量。
Transwell检测细胞迁移与侵袭  应用Transwell小室进行迁移能力检测。在小室下室加入含有60% FBS的完全培养基, 上室以每孔105个的密度接种细胞, 并加入不同浓度CPT (5、15和25 μmol·L-1), 放入培养箱培养24 h。结束后, 弃上室培养基, 将小室浸泡在4%多聚甲醛中固定30 min, 使用0.1%结晶紫染液染色30 min, 以PBS清洗3次, 棉签去除未转移的细胞, 显微镜下拍照结束后, 用33%冰乙酸将小室上的细胞洗脱收集, 酶标仪570 nm处测量A值。侵袭实验中, 将100 μL基质胶(Matrigel∶培养基= 1∶30) 铺于Transwell小室上部, 4 h后基质胶可固定与小室形成基底膜, 之后操作同迁移实验, 小室接种细胞并培养72 h后, 固定, 染色, 拍照, 测量A值。
微球体培养及流式细胞术检测微球体表面分子CD44与CD24  将乳腺癌细胞MCF7-TAMR接种于超低吸附性6孔板, 使用无血清培养基(10 ng·mL-1 β-FGF、20 ng·mL-1 EGF、1∶50 B27、5 μg·mL-1胰岛素、0.4% BSA、2% KnockOutTM血清代替物及1%双抗) 连续悬浮培养3代后, 以不同浓度CPT (5、15和25 μmol·L-1) 给药处理24 h后收集细胞, 每组加入PE-CD24与APC-CD44染液各1 μL, 避光冰上孵育30 min, 采用流式细胞仪检测CD44与CD24表达情况。
Western blot检测细胞中p-ER-α、ABCG2、PI3K-p85与Akt蛋白的表达  取对数生长期的乳腺癌细胞MCF7-TAMR, 以每孔每毫升1.2×105个的密度接种于60 mm培养皿中, 置于培养箱继续培养至完全贴壁, 弃旧培养基, 以不同浓度CPT (5、15和25 μmol·L-1) 给药处理24 h后收集细胞, 使用RAPI裂解缓冲液冰上裂解30 min, 4 ℃、14 000 ×g离心20 min后, 收集上清。使用BCA试剂盒测定蛋白质浓度。样品经过12% SDS-PAGE分离并转移至PVDF膜上, 使用含5%脱脂奶粉的PBST (含0.05% Tween-20的PBS) 封闭非特异性抗原1 h后, 加入一抗并于4 ℃过夜孵育, 使用PBST洗膜, 加入辣根过氧化物酶标记的二抗室温孵育1 h, 再经PBST洗膜后, 使用ECL检测试剂盒检测目标蛋白, 使用Image Lab进行图像分析。
统计学方法  实验数据采用统计软件GraphPad Prism 8进行分析与作图。计量资料使用均数±标准差($ \bar x $ ± s) 表示, 多组间比较使用单因素方差分析(one-way analysis of variance, one-way ANOVA), 以P < 0.05为具有统计学差异。
使用MTT法检测药物对MCF7-TAMR与MCF7细胞的抑制作用。如图 1所示, 与MCF7相比, MCF7-TAMR对他莫昔芬有高度的耐药性, 半数抑制浓度(IC50) 分别为17.54 ± 0.82和268.4 ± 57.4 μmol·L-1, 耐药倍数为15倍。顺铂对MCF7细胞的IC50为165.6 ± 17.9 nmol·L-1, 而对MCF7-TAMR细胞的IC50为312.5 ± 36.3 nmol·L-1。CPT对MCF7细胞与MCF7-TAMR细胞均有明显的生长抑制作用, 药物作用MCF7-TAMR细胞24 h的IC50为15.14 ± 2.82 μmol·L-1, 并且抑制作用具有浓度和时间依赖性。
采用5、15和25 μmol·L-1 CPT处理MCF7-TAMR细胞, 24 h后进行Hoechst 33258染色。结果如图 2A所示, 对照组细胞呈现均匀的蓝色荧光, 随着CPT浓度的增加, 细胞数量逐渐减少, 凋亡细胞增多, 细胞核呈现浓缩、致密的强蓝色荧光, 出现凋亡小体, 存在典型的凋亡细胞核的特征。
为了进一步检测MCF7-TAMR细胞凋亡, 采用不同浓度CPT处理MCF7-TAMR细胞, 24 h后进行Annexin V-FITC与PI染色, 采用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡。结果如图 2B所示, 与对照组相比, 不同浓度CPT处理MCF7-TAMR细胞后均可显著诱导细胞凋亡的发生, 凋亡细胞(Q2 + Q3) 随着CPT浓度增加显著上升, 凋亡率由37.75% ± 3.46% (5 μmol·L-1 CPT) 上升为72.53% ± 6.31% (25 μmol·L-1 CPT)。结果表明CPT可诱导MCF7-TAMR细胞凋亡。
细胞周期分布能够反映细胞增殖状态, 为了进一步分析CPT对MCF7-TAMR细胞的影响, 采用流式细胞术检测了不同浓度CPT处理24 h后的细胞周期变化。结果如图 3A所示, 与对照组相比, 不同浓度CPT处理MCF7-TAMR细胞后, G0/G1期细胞比例均显著增加, 5 μmol·L-1 CPT作用下, G0/G1期细胞比例由47.90% ± 3.84%上升至64.84% ± 1.61%。同时G2/M期细胞比例显著减少, 5 μmol·L-1 CPT作用下, G2/M期细胞比例由22.80% ± 3.84%下降至13.22% ± 2.20%, 有效抑制了细胞周期的进程。使用NAC预处理, 再加入药物刺激, 但并没有改变药物作用效果(图 3B)。
肿瘤细胞长期处于高水平的ROS环境中, 更易发生氧化应激反应, 过量的ROS将激活细胞凋亡途径[11]。使用活性氧检测试剂盒分析了不同浓度CPT处理后的MCF7-TAMR细胞内ROS水平的变化情况。DCFH-DA染色后采用倒置荧光显微镜观察发现, 与对照组相比, CPT处理组荧光强度显著增强(图 4A)。流式细胞术检测结果显示, CPT以剂量依赖性的方式增加MCF7-TAMR细胞内ROS的生成(图 4B)。
肿瘤细胞从原发部位转移扩散被认为是癌症相关死亡的主要原因, 以Transwell检测不同浓度CPT处理后MCF7-TAMR细胞迁移能力。结果如图 5所示, 与未处理组相比, CPT剂量依赖性地显著抑制了MCF7-TAMR细胞的迁移与侵袭能力。
悬浮球状培养方法是最常用的肿瘤干细胞培养方法, 在无血清细胞培养基中的干细胞球在体外实验中可评价干细胞的自我更新能力[12]。利用不同浓度CPT对经过培养所形成的微球体进行24 h的干预, 并通过流式细胞术检测微球体CD24-/lowCD44+细胞群数量变化。结果如图 6所示, 经微球体培养后的CD24-/lowCD44+细胞群占比为45.0% ± 3.51%; 5、15、25 μmol·L-1 CPT干预下, CD24-/lowCD44+细胞群比例分别下降为24.97% ± 3.35%、23.37% ± 2.27%与17.53% ± 3.23% (图 6A)。使用NAC预处理, 再加入药物刺激, 结果显示NAC可降低CD24-/lowCD44+细胞群数量, 但没有抑制CPT的作用效果(图 6B)。
Western blot检测CPT处理前后MCF7-TAMR细胞内p-ER-α、ABCG2、PI3K-p85与Akt蛋白质的表达。结果如图 7所示, 与对照组相比, 不同浓度CPT处理MCF7-TAMR细胞24 h后, p-ER-α、PI3K-p85与Akt蛋白的表达量显著下降, 结果提示CPT可能通过调控ER-α的磷酸化、同时抑制PI3K/Akt信号通路从而发挥抑制肿瘤增殖的作用。
ABCG2又称乳腺癌耐药蛋白, 在各种癌细胞中的过表达并与细胞的多药耐药相关, 对PI3K/Akt的抑制可下调ABCG2的表达。在本研究中, 不同浓度的CPT均显著性地抑制了ABCG2表达。使用NAC预处理, 再加入药物刺激, PI3K-p85、Akt及ABCG2蛋白表达有所上升, 但对p-ER-α没有影响。结果提示CPT具有降低药物外排, 克服耐药性的潜能。
ER-α的磷酸化发生在对多种刺激的反应中, p-ER-α促进ER-α与配体的结合, 降低ER-α与他莫昔芬的亲和力, 并参与ER-α依赖的基因转录[13], 预防该蛋白的磷酸化是ER+乳腺癌潜在的治疗方法。他莫昔芬作为ER+早期乳腺癌患者的标准内分泌治疗药物已被使用多年, 然而其应用受到内在和获得性耐药的限制。虽然近年来已有多种机制可解释他莫昔芬耐药性的发生, 包括受体络氨酸激酶(RTKs) 的异常激活、转录因子(Sox9[14]和Sail2[15]) 的异常变化、细胞周期调节剂[16]与自噬[17]等, 但临床治疗中, 其耐药问题一直未得到有效解决。CPT作为中药丹参的有效成分之一, 已被证实对肝癌、肺癌等有良好的抗肿瘤活性。结果表明, CPT降低ER-α磷酸化, 从而对ER-α与他莫昔芬的亲和力及ER-α依赖的基因转录产生影响, 将MCF7-TAMR细胞周期阻滞在G0/G1期, 抑制MCF7-TAMR细胞增殖, 并提升ROS水平来促进细胞的凋亡, 且具有浓度与时间依赖性。
肿瘤细胞转移是从肿瘤细胞获得侵袭性表型开始, 最终在次级地点定植, 成为癌症相关死亡的主要原因[18], ER+转移性乳腺癌会不可避免地出现他莫昔芬的耐药性[19]。此外, 肿瘤干细胞亦被认为与肿瘤耐药和肿瘤转移有关, CD24-/lowCD44+是典型肿瘤起始特征的癌细胞群, 而经过他莫昔芬治疗后存活的残留肿瘤可富含此类细胞[20]。PI3K/Akt信号通路可有助于肿瘤干细胞维持干细胞特异性的同时亦与细胞迁移相关, 包括PI3K与Akt在内的关键蛋白异常活性可促进获得性内分泌治疗的耐药性[21], 研究显示PI3K抑制剂是有希望的乳腺癌治疗方向[22]。本研究表明CPT对MCF7-TAMR细胞迁移与侵袭有抑制作用。乳腺癌干细胞是一组特殊的细胞, 利用微球体培养技术悬浮培养MCF7-TAMR细胞诱导CD24-/lowCD44+细胞群并以药物刺激, 结果显示经微球体培养后MCF7-TAMR细胞中CD24-/lowCD44+细胞群比例接近一半, 同时CPT显著降低该细胞群的比例, 这可能与CPT对PI3K/Akt及ABCG2的抑制有关。这表明CPT能降低MCF7-TAMR肿瘤细胞干性, 抑制其迁移能力, 防止肿瘤转移。ABCG2是ABC转运蛋白家族成员之一, 与药物的吸收、分布与消除有关[23], 在耐药细胞中发挥了重要作用, 目前也被认为是一种癌症干细胞标记物[24], 其表达受到PI3K/Akt信号通路的调控[25]。本研究显示, CPT可抑制PI3K/Akt信号通路, 降低ABCG2蛋白表达, 从而抑制药物外排并降低细胞肿瘤干细胞特异性, 这可能是CPT克服他莫昔芬耐药性的机制之一。
综上所述, CPT通过诱导细胞凋亡, 引起细胞周期阻滞, 抑制细胞迁移, 抑制ER-α磷酸化, 抑制PI3K/Akt信号通路, 降低CD24-/lowCD44+细胞群数量及ABCG2的表达, 克服细胞耐药性, 从而为乳腺癌他莫昔芬耐药细胞的治疗提供了潜在候选药物。
作者贡献: 张英与李金耀进行实验设计; 刘航为实验实施者; 李金耀和夏丽洁进行实验评估; 刘航执笔、李金耀与夏丽洁审校。
利益冲突: 文章内容不涉及相关利益冲突, 无作者署名争议。
  • 北京市自然科学基金资助项目(7192181)
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2022年第57卷第9期
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文章信息
doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0348
  • 接收时间:2022-03-24
  • 首发时间:2025-12-24
  • 出版时间:2022-09-12
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  • 收稿日期:2022-03-24
  • 修回日期:2022-05-13
基金
北京市自然科学基金资助项目(7192181)
作者信息
    1.新疆生物资源基因工程重点实验室, 新疆大学生命科学与技术学院, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830046
    2.中国中医科学院广安门医院, 北京 100053

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*李金耀, Tel: 86-991-8583451, E-mail: ;
张英, Tel: 86-10-88001500, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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