Article(id=1210516644481339450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210516638089212895, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0444, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1650211200000, receivedDateStr=2022-04-18, revisedDate=1652112000000, revisedDateStr=2022-05-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766539258356, onlineDateStr=2025-12-24, pubDate=1662912000000, pubDateStr=2022-09-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766539258356, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766539258356, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766539258356, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1210516638089212895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2022', volume='57', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='2888', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766539256832, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766539546411, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210517852726096743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210516638089212895, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210517852726096744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210516638089212895, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2876, endPage=2884, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1210516644888186969, articleId=1210516644481339450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Cloning and prokaryotic expression analysis of AlCMK from Atractylodes lancea, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

4-(Cytidine 5′-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase (CMK) was one of the key enzymes in the methylerythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway to generate terpenoids. In this study, based on the transcriptome data of Atractylodes lancea, the sequence of the CMK gene was cloned, named AlCMK (GenBank accession number OM283293). The results showed that AlCMK contains a 1 230 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 409 amino acids. The deduced protein had a theoretical molecular weight of 44 752.53 and an isoelectric point of 6.67. Transmembrane structure analysis showed that there was no transmembrane structure, and the secondary structure of AlCMK was predicted to be mainly composed of random coil. Homologous alignment revealed that AlCMK shared high sequence identity with the CMK proteins of Tanacetum cinerariifolium, Osmanthus fragrans, Eucommia ulmoides, Lonicera japonica and Salvia miltiorrhiza. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that AlCMK protein had the higher homology with CMK protein of Compositae. The pET-32a-AlCMK prokaryotic expression vector was constructed and a fusion protein with molecular mass of about 65 kDa was expressed in the E. coli BL21 (DE3). The qRT-PCR was used to analyze the expression pattern of AlCMK gene in different tissues and after MeJA treatment. Meanwhile, the enzyme activity was determined by ELISA kit. The results showed that AlCMK gene was tissue-expressed in different origins and its expression was induced by MeJA, and the results of the enzyme activity assay showed that the AlCMK enzyme activity in different regions was higher in the leaves. The subcellular localization showed that AlCMK was located in the chloroplast. This study provides a reference for further elucidating the biological function of AlCMK gene in terpenoid synthesis pathway in Atractylodes lancea.

, correspAuthors=Li-si ZOU, Liang-ping ZHA, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2022 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ji-mei LU, Rui XU, Jun-xian WU, Li-si ZOU, Chao LIU, Hua-sheng PENG, Liang-ping ZHA), CN=ArticleExt(id=1210516648281379115, articleId=1210516644481339450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=茅苍术AlCMK基因的克隆及原核表达分析, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

4-二磷酸胞苷-2-C-甲基-D-赤藓醇激酶[4-(cytidine-5′-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase, CMK] 是生成萜类化合物MEP途径的关键酶之一。本研究以茅苍术转录组数据为依据, 克隆获得CMK基因序列, 命名为AlCMK (GenBank登录号为OM283293)。研究结果表明, AlCMK包含一个全长为1 230 bp的开放阅读框(ORF), 编码409个氨基酸, 推测其相对分子质量为44 752.53, 蛋白理论等电点为6.67; 跨膜结构分析表明其无跨膜结构, 二级结构显示其主要由无规则卷曲(48.17%) 结构组成; 同源氨基酸序列分析表明, 茅苍术与除虫菊、桂花、杜仲、忍冬、丹参CMK基因编码的氨基酸序列具有较高同源性; 系统进化树分析表明, 茅苍术AlCMK与菊科植物CMK蛋白亲缘关系较近; 构建pET-32a-AlCMK原核表达载体, 并转化至大肠杆菌BL21 (DE3) 表达感受态, 蛋白表达结果显示其分子质量约为65 kDa; 利用qRT-PCR分析AlCMK基因在不同组织和茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA) 处理后的表达模式, 同时采用ELISA试剂盒法测定茅苍术CMK酶活性, 结果表明, 不同产地茅苍术AlCMK基因具有组织表达差异性, 且受外源MeJA诱导表达, 酶活结果显示不同产地茅苍术CMK酶活性均在叶中较高; 亚细胞定位显示该基因位于叶绿体中。本研究为进一步阐明茅苍术中萜类化合物合成途径AlCMK基因的生物学功能提供参考。

, correspAuthors=邹立思, 查良平, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*邹立思, E-mail: ;
查良平, Tel: 18130028287, E-mail:
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Phytochemistry, 2006, 67: 1435-1441., articleTitle=Cloning and functional characterization of 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate cytidyltransferase (GbMECT) gene from Ginkgo biloba, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1210516655973733203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516644481339450, awardId=82073957, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(82073957), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1210516656074396508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516644481339450, awardId=2060302, language=CN, fundingSource=中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1210516648574980420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516644481339450, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210516648579174724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516644481339450, companyId=1210516648574980420, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 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National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210516648897941871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516644481339450, companyId=1210516648876970349, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.中国中医科学院中药资源中心, 北京 100700)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1210516653780112048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516644481339450, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=S9U3NwFXSGngtH0IWxz8zA==, figureFileBig=3AEqTIskHQq2XI9qP1PJiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516653901746873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516644481339450, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= Bioinformatics analysis of 4-(cytidine 5′-diphospho)-2-<i>C</i>-methyl-<i>D</i>-erythritol kinase gene of <i>Atractylodes lancea</i> (AlCMK). A: The predicted conserved domains of AlCMK; B: Secondary structure model of AlCMK; C: The predicted transmembrane regions of AlCMK; D: The predicted tertiary structure of AlCMK , figureFileSmall=S9U3NwFXSGngtH0IWxz8zA==, figureFileBig=3AEqTIskHQq2XI9qP1PJiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516654153405135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516644481339450, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=ZC4IMJ7cAWoRdZfGWQJ4TA==, figureFileBig=8+qfFeziKBk6eTbSQgGOQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516654312788700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516644481339450, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Amino acid sequence homology alignment of 4-(cytidine-5′-diphospho)-2-<i>C</i>-methyl-<i>D</i>-erythritol kinases (CMKs) from <i>A. lancea</i>, <i>Tanacetum cinerariifolium</i>, <i>Osmanthus fragrans</i>, <i>Eucommia ulmoides</i>, <i>Lonicera japonica</i> and <i>Salvia miltiorrhiza</i>. All three important motifs involved in substrate and ATP binding are marked as A, B and C , figureFileSmall=ZC4IMJ7cAWoRdZfGWQJ4TA==, figureFileBig=8+qfFeziKBk6eTbSQgGOQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516654488949479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516644481339450, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Kri4OF9dPOdUa5SQQgTMAQ==, figureFileBig=fMeZlWJs1uGYFegc6sDSaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516654639944435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516644481339450, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= Phylogenetic tree of the amino acid sequences of AlCMK with some other CMKs , figureFileSmall=Kri4OF9dPOdUa5SQQgTMAQ==, figureFileBig=fMeZlWJs1uGYFegc6sDSaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516654774162174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516644481339450, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=gtWZsOK01BQnD96lsouD8A==, figureFileBig=ONcs/3W8DG92mFMGzcm7dA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516654887408392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516644481339450, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= 12% SDS-PAGE of AlCMK recombinant protein. M: Protein marker; 1: Induced <i>E. coli</i> containing pET-32a; 2: Uninduced <i>E. coli</i> containing pET-32a-AlCMK; 3: Induced <i>E. coli</i> containing pET-32a-AlCMK; 4: Supernatant from the induced <i>E. coli</i> containing pET-32a-AlCMK; 5: The purified recombinant protein elution with 300 mmol·L<sup>-1</sup> imidazole solution; 6: The purified recombinant protein elution with 500 mmol·L<sup>-1</sup> imidazole solution , figureFileSmall=gtWZsOK01BQnD96lsouD8A==, figureFileBig=ONcs/3W8DG92mFMGzcm7dA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516655017431824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516644481339450, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=urMzEdNAs/UKJiRo0oHhJA==, figureFileBig=DNT1TvrsPGLGjCdEQfYHfA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516655139066653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516644481339450, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= Expression levels (A) and enzymatic activity (B) of <i>AlCMK</i> in different regions and different tissues. R: Rhizome; S: Stem; L: Leaf. NJ: <i>A. lancea</i> in Nanjing; YX: <i>A. lancea</i> in Yuexi. Data are shown as the mean ± SD (<i>n</i> = 3) , figureFileSmall=urMzEdNAs/UKJiRo0oHhJA==, figureFileBig=DNT1TvrsPGLGjCdEQfYHfA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516655264895786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516644481339450, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=TV026pcm7l4e2SDtMPsL1g==, figureFileBig=dfpBtisvUfFIROotT+61UA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516655378142006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516644481339450, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption= Expression analysis of <i>AlCMK</i> induced by MeJA. Data are shown as the mean ± SD (<i>n</i> = 3) , figureFileSmall=TV026pcm7l4e2SDtMPsL1g==, figureFileBig=dfpBtisvUfFIROotT+61UA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516655688520509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516644481339450, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=FZTcHoHW4K3EipA3GC20iw==, figureFileBig=DHtqXNTNhtQ4ymj+jPwXEQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516655831126856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516644481339450, language=CN, label=Figure 7, caption= Subcellular localization of AlCMK. 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茅苍术AlCMK基因的克隆及原核表达分析
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鲁继梅 1 , 徐睿 1 , 吴君贤 1 , 邹立思 2, * , 刘超 3 , 彭华胜 1, 4 , 查良平 1, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2022,57(9): 2876-2884
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2022, 57(9): 2876-2884
茅苍术AlCMK基因的克隆及原核表达分析
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鲁继梅1, 徐睿1, 吴君贤1, 邹立思2, * , 刘超3, 彭华胜1, 4, 查良平1, *
作者信息
  • 1.安徽中医药大学药学院, 安徽 合肥 230012
  • 2.南京中医药大学药学院, 江苏 南京 210046
  • 3.安徽医科大学基础医学院, 安徽 合肥 230032
  • 4.中国中医科学院中药资源中心, 北京 100700

通讯作者:

*邹立思, E-mail: ;
查良平, Tel: 18130028287, E-mail:
Cloning and prokaryotic expression analysis of AlCMK from Atractylodes lancea
Ji-mei LU1, Rui XU1, Jun-xian WU1, Li-si ZOU2, * , Chao LIU3, Hua-sheng PENG1, 4, Liang-ping ZHA1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
  • 2. School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
  • 3. School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
  • 4. National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China
出版时间: 2022-09-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0444
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4-二磷酸胞苷-2-C-甲基-D-赤藓醇激酶[4-(cytidine-5′-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase, CMK] 是生成萜类化合物MEP途径的关键酶之一。本研究以茅苍术转录组数据为依据, 克隆获得CMK基因序列, 命名为AlCMK (GenBank登录号为OM283293)。研究结果表明, AlCMK包含一个全长为1 230 bp的开放阅读框(ORF), 编码409个氨基酸, 推测其相对分子质量为44 752.53, 蛋白理论等电点为6.67; 跨膜结构分析表明其无跨膜结构, 二级结构显示其主要由无规则卷曲(48.17%) 结构组成; 同源氨基酸序列分析表明, 茅苍术与除虫菊、桂花、杜仲、忍冬、丹参CMK基因编码的氨基酸序列具有较高同源性; 系统进化树分析表明, 茅苍术AlCMK与菊科植物CMK蛋白亲缘关系较近; 构建pET-32a-AlCMK原核表达载体, 并转化至大肠杆菌BL21 (DE3) 表达感受态, 蛋白表达结果显示其分子质量约为65 kDa; 利用qRT-PCR分析AlCMK基因在不同组织和茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA) 处理后的表达模式, 同时采用ELISA试剂盒法测定茅苍术CMK酶活性, 结果表明, 不同产地茅苍术AlCMK基因具有组织表达差异性, 且受外源MeJA诱导表达, 酶活结果显示不同产地茅苍术CMK酶活性均在叶中较高; 亚细胞定位显示该基因位于叶绿体中。本研究为进一步阐明茅苍术中萜类化合物合成途径AlCMK基因的生物学功能提供参考。

茅苍术  /  4-二磷酸胞苷-2-C-甲基-D-赤藓醇激酶  /  基因克隆  /  原核表达  /  表达分析  /  亚细胞定位

4-(Cytidine 5′-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase (CMK) was one of the key enzymes in the methylerythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway to generate terpenoids. In this study, based on the transcriptome data of Atractylodes lancea, the sequence of the CMK gene was cloned, named AlCMK (GenBank accession number OM283293). The results showed that AlCMK contains a 1 230 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 409 amino acids. The deduced protein had a theoretical molecular weight of 44 752.53 and an isoelectric point of 6.67. Transmembrane structure analysis showed that there was no transmembrane structure, and the secondary structure of AlCMK was predicted to be mainly composed of random coil. Homologous alignment revealed that AlCMK shared high sequence identity with the CMK proteins of Tanacetum cinerariifolium, Osmanthus fragrans, Eucommia ulmoides, Lonicera japonica and Salvia miltiorrhiza. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that AlCMK protein had the higher homology with CMK protein of Compositae. The pET-32a-AlCMK prokaryotic expression vector was constructed and a fusion protein with molecular mass of about 65 kDa was expressed in the E. coli BL21 (DE3). The qRT-PCR was used to analyze the expression pattern of AlCMK gene in different tissues and after MeJA treatment. Meanwhile, the enzyme activity was determined by ELISA kit. The results showed that AlCMK gene was tissue-expressed in different origins and its expression was induced by MeJA, and the results of the enzyme activity assay showed that the AlCMK enzyme activity in different regions was higher in the leaves. The subcellular localization showed that AlCMK was located in the chloroplast. This study provides a reference for further elucidating the biological function of AlCMK gene in terpenoid synthesis pathway in Atractylodes lancea.

Atractylodes lancea  /  4-(cytidine 5′-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase  /  gene cloning  /  prokaryotic expression  /  expression analysis  /  subcellular localization
鲁继梅, 徐睿, 吴君贤, 邹立思, 刘超, 彭华胜, 查良平. 茅苍术AlCMK基因的克隆及原核表达分析. 药学学报, 2022 , 57 (9) : 2876 -2884 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0444
Ji-mei LU, Rui XU, Jun-xian WU, Li-si ZOU, Chao LIU, Hua-sheng PENG, Liang-ping ZHA. Cloning and prokaryotic expression analysis of AlCMK from Atractylodes lancea[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2022 , 57 (9) : 2876 -2884 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0444
茅苍术Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC.为菊科多年生草本植物, 是中药苍术的基源植物之一, 以根状茎入药, 具有燥湿健脾、祛风散寒、明目的功效, 用于治疗湿温、暑湿证、风寒痹证、夜盲等[1]。茅术醇、β-桉叶醇、苍术酮等倍半萜类化合物是茅苍术主要药效成分及质量评价指标, 依据其化学骨架可将前两者归属于桉叶烷型倍半萜类化合物, 其中β-桉叶醇可抑制肿瘤血管生成和肿瘤HeLa、SGC-7901与BEL-7402细胞的增殖, 还可以诱导白血病HL-60细胞凋亡, 具有抗肿瘤功效 [2, 3], 苍术酮显著抑制iNOS和COX-2的表达而发挥抗炎镇痛的作用[4]。茅苍术主要药效成分之一的茅术醇属于香根螺烷型化合物, 同样对HL-60细胞具有细胞毒性作用, 并且其对白血病HL-60细胞的抑制和诱导凋亡作用明显强于β-桉叶醇[5], 茅术醇还可以阻滞人肝癌SMMC-7721和LM3细胞的细胞周期于G1期来抑制细胞增殖、诱导细胞凋亡, 因而具有保肝的功效[6], 同时可以作为H+和K+-ATP酶的抑制剂来发挥抗胃溃疡的作用[7]
倍半萜类化合物是苍术属植物的主要活性成分, 目前已有98种倍半萜类成分从苍术属植物根状茎中得到分离[8], 现代药理作用研究表明这些化合物具有广泛的生物学功能, 如抗肿瘤、抗炎、免疫调节、神经保护、抗过敏等[9]。4-二磷酸胞苷-2-C-甲基-D-赤藓醇激酶(CMK) 是生成萜类化合物的MEP途径的第四步酶, 在ATP存在的条件下, 使4-(胞苷-5′-二磷酸)-2-C-甲基-D-赤藓糖醇磷酸化形成4-(5′-二磷酸胞苷)-2-C-甲基-D-赤藓醇-2-磷酸。作为MEP途径的唯一激酶, 通过病毒诱导基因沉默(VIGS) 技术降低MEP通路中CMK基因的表达水平, 结果叶片出现黄变表型, 叶绿素和类胡萝卜素等萜烯类物质含量降低, 证明CMK在萜类化合物的生物合成中发挥着重要作用[10]。范雨芳等[11]在拟南芥中过表达AaCMK, 叶绿素a、b及类胡萝卜素含量增加。Chen等[12]对水稻中一个绿色可逆转的黄叶突变体gry340进行研究, 发现参与类异戊二烯生物合成MEP通路的CMK基因发生单核苷酸突变, 导致水稻出现绿色可逆的黄叶表型。另外, 由于MEP途径的酶在人类细胞中的缺失及对细菌生存的重要性, 导致其具有成为药物靶点的潜力[13]。Kadian等[14]的研究表明CMK是多种致病菌生存所必需的基因, CMK基因可成为一种新型抗疟药物靶点。
目前已从多种药用植物中克隆出CMK基因, 并进行了生物信息学分析及功能分析, 如雷公藤[15]、樟树[16]、黄花蒿[11]、盾叶薯蓣[17]、丹参[18]等, 本研究在获得茅苍术转录组数据的基础上, 从茅苍术中克隆得到MEP途径的关键酶基因AlCMK, 进行生物信息学分析、原核表达分析和亚细胞定位研究, 利用qRT-PCR技术及酶联免疫法(ELISA) 分别检测不同产地、不同组织茅苍术AlCMK基因的表达模式和酶活性, 同时测定经茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA) 处理后不同时间段的CMK基因相对表达量, 旨在为开展CMK的生物学功能研究提供指导, 也为茅苍术萜类化合物合成代谢途径研究奠定基础。
样品  茅苍术样品采自江苏南京、安徽岳西, 经安徽中医药大学彭华胜教授鉴定为菊科植物茅苍术Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC., 凭证标本保存于安徽中医药大学。经鉴定后分别按不同组织分为根状茎、茎、叶, 用液氮速冻后保存于-80 ℃冰箱。茅苍术种子购自于湖北十堰, 在1/2MS固体培养基中培养5个月, 培养温度为25 ℃, 光周期为16 h/8 h, 之后转移至1/2MS液体培养基, 于液体培养基中加入终浓度为200 μmol·L-1的MeJA溶液, 分别在诱导0、3、6、9、12、24、48 h时取样, 以根为取样部位, 用液氮速冻后保存于-80 ℃冰箱。
菌株、载体与试剂  大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli) Trans1-T1感受态细胞、大肠杆菌(E. coli) BL21 (DE3) 表达感受态细胞、pEASY-Blunt Zero Cloning Kit、TransStart FastPfu Fly DNA Polymerase高保真酶、切胶回收试剂盒EasyPure Quick Gel Extraction Kit、无缝拼接试剂盒pEASY Uni Seamless Cloning and Assembly Kit均购自于北京全式金生物技术有限公司; 根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens) GV3101、华越洋超快速植物RNA提取试剂盒均购自于北京华越洋生物科技有限公司; pET-32a载体购自于武汉淼灵生物科技有限公司; 反转录试剂盒PrimeScriptTM Ⅱ 1st Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit购自于TaKaRa公司; 2×Realab Green PCR Fast mixture试剂盒购自于北京兰博利德商贸有限公司; 酶联免疫分析(ELISA) 试剂盒购自于上海研谨生物科技有限公司; BamH Ⅰ购自于NEB公司; 异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG) 购自于Sigma公司。引物合成由上海生工生物有限公司完成; 其他试剂均为国产分析纯。
总RNA提取及cDNA合成  参照华越洋超快速植物RNA提取试剂盒操作说明提取江苏南京、安徽岳西茅苍术根状茎、茎、叶中总RNA及湖北十堰茅苍术根中总RNA, 用1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测总RNA质量, 利用超微量紫外分光光度计(Denovix DS-11+) 选择A260/A280为1.8~2.0的总RNA为反转录模板, 参照PrimeScriptTM Ⅱ 1st Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit说明书进行反转录, 获得茅苍术的cDNA, 保存于-20 ℃冰箱。
AlCMK基因克隆  以经反转录获得的茅苍术cDNA为模板进行PCR扩增, 利用Primer Premier 5.0软件设计基因特异性引物, 上游引物AlCMK-F: 5′-ATGGCGGCAATGGCTGCTTCCCCCT-3′, 下游引物AlCMK-R: 5′-TTATTCAGCATTACTAGATCGGTCT-3′, PCR扩增采用TransStart FastPfu Fly DNA Polymerase, 反应条件为95 ℃预变性2 min; 95 ℃变性20 s, 56 ℃退火20 s, 72 ℃延伸1 min, 40个循环; 72 ℃延伸5 min。PCR产物经1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测后, 使用切胶回收试剂盒回收与预期大小一致的条带, 将其与克隆载体pEASY-Blunt Zero连接, 转化至大肠杆菌(E. coli) Trans1-T1感受态细胞中, 挑选单菌落并进行菌液PCR验证, 将阳性克隆菌液送至苏州金唯智公司测序。
AlCMK基因的生物信息学分析  利用ORF Finder (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/orffinder/) 获取AlCMK基因的开放阅读框(ORF); 使用NCBI (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) 在线工具BLAST进行氨基酸序列的相似性比对分析; 利用ExPASy (https://web.expasy.org/protparam/) 预测该基因编码的蛋白理化性质, 包括相对分子质量、理论等电点、不稳定系数等; 利用NPS (https://npsa-prabi.ibcp.fr/cgi-bin/npsa_automat.pl?page=/NPSA/npsa_phd.html)、SWISS MODEL (http://swissmodel.expasy.org/) 及PyMOL软件对蛋白进行二级结构和三级结构的预测; CDD (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/cdd/wrpsb.cgi) 进行蛋白质结构域分析; TMHMM (http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/TMHMM/) 进行蛋白序列的跨膜结构域分析; 运用DNAMAN软件对茅苍术与其他植物进行同源氨基酸序列比对; 用MEGA 6.06软件构建Neighbor-joining系统进化树, bootstrap重复次数为1 000次; 用Cell-PLoc 2.0 (http://www.csbio.sjtu.edu.cn/bioinf/Cell-PLoc-2/) 预测该基因的亚细胞定位。
AlCMK原核表达载体构建与诱导表达  依据AlCMK基因的测序结果, 以BamH Ⅰ为酶切位点设计引物, 上游引物BamH I-AlCMK-F: 5′-AGGCCATGGCTGATATCGGAATGGCGGCAATGGCTGCTTCCCCCT-3′, 下游引物BamH I-AlCMK-R: 5′-CGACGGAGCTCGAATTCGGATTATTCAGCATTACTAGATCGGTCT-3′, 以重组质粒为模板, 进行PCR扩增。将扩增产物进行1%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测, 切胶回收, 同时对原核表达载体pET-32a质粒进行BamH Ⅰ酶切处理, 切胶回收, 将切胶回收产物用无缝拼接试剂盒于50 ℃连接30 min, 连接产物转化至大肠杆菌Trans1-T1感受态细胞中, 挑取单克隆菌落进行菌液PCR验证, 阳性菌落测序及提取质粒, 将测序正确的重组质粒pET-32a-AlCMK转化至BL21 (DE3) 表达感受态中, 构建原核表达宿主菌。将原核表达菌液按照1:100的比例加到含Amp抗性的LB培养液中, 37 ℃、200 r·min -1振荡培养至OD600为0.4~0.6, 取1 mL菌液为阴性对照, pET-32a空载为空白对照, 加入终浓度为0.4 mmol·L-1 IPTG于16 ℃低温诱导过夜, 取1 mL菌液4 ℃、10 000 ×g离心3 min弃上清, 加入等体积PBS (pH 7.2~7.4) 清洗后加入50 μL ddH2O, 获得AlCMK的全菌, 剩余菌液离心获取菌体, 5 mL His Buffer A (20 mmol·L-1 Na3PO4·12 H2O、500 mmol·L-1 NaCl、20 mmol·L-1咪唑) 重悬, 冰浴下超声破碎10 min, 5 s/5 s间隔, 4 ℃、10 000 ×g离心后获得AlCMK的蛋白上清。为获得纯化的AlCMK蛋白, 本研究采用离心法对其进行操作, 吸取1 mL上清与已清洗的500 μL Ni-NTA Resin混合, 在定轨振荡器上120 r·min-1振摇1 h, 4 ℃、500 ×g离心5 min弃上清, 1 mL His Buffer A重悬, 4 ℃、500 ×g离心5 min弃上清, 重复3次。用咪唑梯度洗脱, 洗脱浓度依次为20、100、300、500 mmol·L-1, 分管收集经300、500 mmol·L-1咪唑洗脱的洗脱液各50 μL, 在全菌、上清及洗脱液中分别加入10 μL 5×SDS-PAGE上样缓冲液, 混匀, 沸水煮8 min后4 ℃、10 000 r·min-1离心5 min, 进行12% SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳分析。
AlCMK组织表达谱及MeJA诱导表达谱分析  采用实时荧光定量PCR检测江苏南京、安徽岳西两产地茅苍术AlCMK基因的组织特异性表达模式及经200 μmol·L-1 MeJA诱导后AlCMK基因的表达模式。取南京、岳西茅苍术各3株, 从根状茎、茎、叶中分别提取RNA, 取湖北十堰茅苍术组培苗3株, 从根中提取经MeJA分别处理0、3、6、9、12、24、48 h的RNA, TaKaRa试剂盒反转录获得cDNA, 利用Primer Premier 5.0设计AlCMK荧光定量特异性引物, 用于组织表达谱分析的AlCMK上游引物q-AlCMK-F1: 5′-TAGTAATGCTG CAACTGCTCTT-3′, 下游引物q-AlCMK-R1: 5′-AAG GGCACATCTGAGCCAATC-3′, 用于MeJA诱导表达谱分析的AlCMK上游引物q-AlCMK-F2: 5′-TCGCTT GTCAACTAATGTGCCT-3′, 下游引物q-AlCMK-R2: 5′-GCATTACTACTTCCAC CACCAA-3′, 以茅苍术内参基因UBQ2进行校正[19], 上游引物UBQ2-F: 5′-GGTTGAGGGGAGGAATGC-3′, 下游引物UBQ2-R: 5′-AGACGAAGGACAAGGTGA-3′。参照2×Realab Green PCR Fast mixture试剂盒说明书进行扩增, 反应体系为1 μL cDNA模板、10 μL 2×Realab Green PCR Fast mixture、0.2 μL ROX Dye、0.2 μL ROX Dye Ⅱ及1 μL引物, ddH2O 7.6 μL, 扩增条件为95 ℃ 30 s; 95 ℃ 15 s, 60 ℃ 30 s, 72 ℃ 15 s, 40个循环; 95 ℃ 1 min; 60 ℃ 30 s; 95 ℃ 30 s, 每个反应体系重复3次。利用MX3000P荧光定量PCR仪(美国安捷伦科技有限公司)进行qRT-PCR检测, 相对定量分析采用2-ΔΔCt方法进行分析[20]
AlCMK酶活性测定  取江苏南京与安徽岳西茅苍术各3株, 分别称取根状茎、茎、叶0.1 g, 加入900 μL 0.01 mol·L-1的PBS溶液, 匀浆机处理2~3 min, 3 000 r·min-1离心15 min, 取上清液备用。参照酶联免疫吸附(ELISA) 试剂盒操作说明测定江苏南京、安徽岳西两产地茅苍术不同组织中CMK酶活性。
亚细胞定位  为研究AlCMK蛋白在植物细胞中的定位, 根据AlCMK基因序列设计带有酶切位点的引物ALCMK-GFP-F: 5′ TCGACCCCGGGGGTACCGGAATGGCGGCAATGGCTGCTTCCCCCT 3′, ALCMK-GFP-R: 5′ TCGCCCTTGCTCACCATGGATTCAGCATTACTAGATCG GTCTACA 3′, 以携带目的基因的克隆载体为模板, PCR扩增后切胶回收, 与经BamH I酶切的载体pRI101-eGFP的切胶回收产物重组后转化至大肠杆菌Trans1 T1感受态细胞中, 以PCR阳性菌液进行测序, 确定表达载体构建成功后将其转入根癌农杆菌GV3101中, 于YEB液体培养基28 ℃、180 r·min-1过夜培养, 离心重悬, 用无菌注射器吸取菌液注射于烟草叶片下表皮, 弱光条件下培养2~3天后于激光共聚焦显微镜(ZESSI 710) 下观察荧光信号在烟草表皮细胞中的分布。
以cDNA为模板的PCR扩增产物连接于T载体后转化至Trans1-T1感受态细胞中, 对阳性克隆菌液进行测序, 所得测序结果与经DNAMAN软件结合ORF Finder在线软件预测结果一致, 证明AlCMK含有1个1 230 bp完整的开放阅读框。应用BLAST对茅苍术AlCMK编码的氨基酸序列进行比对, 结果显示, AlCMK氨基酸序列与GenBank中已注册植物CMK氨基酸序列有较高的同源性, 其中AlCMK与莴苣CMK (XP_023766700.1) 相似度为87.96%, 与甜叶菊CMK (ABB88838.3) 相似度为84.35%, 与向日葵CMK (XP_022009055.1) 相似度为83.99%, 与除虫菊CMK (GEY28202.1) 相似度为83.74%。比对结果表明所获得的基因属于CMK基因家族成员, 将该基因命名为AlCMK (GenBank登录号为OM283293)。
利用在线工具ExPASy对AlCMK编码蛋白进行理化性质分析。结果显示, AlCMK编码409个氨基酸, 相对分子质量为44 752.53, 蛋白理论等电点为6.67, 不稳定系数为42.52, 脂肪指数为78.95, 可初步判断AlCMK为不稳定的酸性蛋白。
根据NCBI的Conserved domains在线工具预测, AlCMK蛋白具有IspE功能域(图 1A)。根据TMHMM2.0在线工具对AlCMK进行跨膜结构区域预测(图 1C), 结果表明, AlCMK氨基酸中无跨膜结构存在, 为膜外蛋白。
利用NPS在线生物学工具对茅苍术AlCMK蛋白的二级结构进行预测(图 1B), 结果显示, 该蛋白的二级结构主要由无规则卷曲组成, AlCMK的无规则卷曲(random coil) 在多肽链中共有197个, 占比为48.17%, α-螺旋(alpha helix) 在多肽链中共有112个, 占比为27.38%, 延伸链(extended strand) 共计100个, 占比为24.45%, 推测无规则卷曲是其最多的二级结构元件, 散布于整个肽链中, 其次为α-螺旋, 再者为延伸链, AlCMK中没有β-转角(β-turn)。利用SWISS-MODEL在线工具和PyMOL软件构建茅苍术AlCMK蛋白的三维空间模型(图 1D)。
利用DNAMAN在线分析工具对茅苍术AlCMK氨基酸序列与除虫菊TcCMK (XGEY28202.1)、桂花OfCMK (AOT86859.1)、杜仲EuCMK (AQZ26750.1)、忍冬LjCMK (AGE10578.1) 和丹参SmCMK (ABP96842.1) 进行多序列比对分析(图 2), 结果显示, 这6种植物的同源性为81.14%。根据序列分析结果表明, 茅苍术与其他5种植物的氨基酸序列相似度较高, 都具有IspE蛋白所具有的3个保守基序: KINVFL、GLGGGS和MSGSGS, 其中前者为4-(胞苷-5′-二磷酸)-2-C-甲基-D-赤藓糖醇底物结合位点, 后两者为ATP结合位点[14, 21]
选取GenBank中注册的18种植物的CMK氨基酸序列, 分别来源于双子叶植物、单子叶植物、裸子植物、藻类和菌类, 用MEGA 6.06软件采用邻接法构建系统进化树(图 3)。结果显示, 来源于不同物种的CMK蛋白归属于不同分支, 其中茅苍术AlCMK与莴苣、甜叶菊、向日葵CMK亲缘关系较近, 进一步证实了菊科植物CMK的同源性, 然后与杜仲、华南忍冬等植物的CMK聚为一支, 归属于双子叶植物。
将重组质粒pET-32a-AlCMK转化至大肠杆菌BL21 (DE3) 表达感受态细胞中, 经IPTG诱导重组蛋白的表达, 12% SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳验证。AlCMK蛋白分子质量为44 752.53 Da, 其融合了pET-32a载体的标签序列Trx-Tag、His-Tag和S-Tag, 分子质量约20 kDa, 故与空载pET-32a相比, 含AlCMK基因的重组蛋白的全菌及超声破碎后的上清液在约65 kDa处出现蛋白条带, 12% SDS-PAGE结果显示与预期结果一致(图 4)。对纯化后的蛋白用300、500 mmol·L-1咪唑进行洗脱, 经过12% SDS-PAGE分析获得目的蛋白条带, 且500 mmol·L-1咪唑洗脱后的纯化蛋白表达量稍高于300 mmol·L-1咪唑洗脱的纯化蛋白表达量。
本研究采用qRT-PCR对江苏南京、安徽岳西两产地AlCMK基因组织表达模式进行分析(图 5A), 江苏南京茅苍术的AlCMK基因表达水平整体均高于岳西茅苍术, 南京茅苍术中AlCMK基因在根状茎、茎中表达量较高, 在叶中表达量稍低, 为茎中表达量的0.67倍, 岳西茅苍术AlCMK基因在根状茎中有较高表达, 在茎、叶中表达量极低, 分别是根状茎中表达量的0.06、0.22倍, 这表明南京及岳西茅苍术中的AlCMK基因在不同组织中的表达模式存在明显差异。
采用ELISA法测定江苏南京、安徽岳西两产地不同组织中AlCMK酶活性(图 5B)。南京茅苍术根状茎、茎、叶中AlCMK酶的活性在叶中最高, 为根状茎的1.33倍。岳西茅苍术的酶活性由高到低依次为叶、根状茎、茎, 叶中AlCMK酶活性分别为根状茎、茎中的1.15、1.43倍, 且南京与岳西茅苍术叶中AlCMK酶的活性几乎一致。
采用qRT-PCR方法检测经MeJA处理后AlCMK基因的表达模式, 结果见图 6, 基因的表达模式呈先降后升再降的趋势, 且AlCMK在3 h表达量最低, 后逐渐升高, 至24 h对MeJA响应强烈, 为对照组的1.92倍, 说明茅苍术CMK基因在24 h时受到MeJA的诱导表达。
为进一步了解AlCMK蛋白在茅苍术中的功能, 本研究构建了pRI101-eGFP-AlCMK融合表达载体, 转化至根癌农杆菌GV3101后转入烟草下表皮细胞中瞬时表达, 依据AlCMK-GFP融合蛋白在488 nm激发光下散发绿色荧光, 叶绿体在633 nm激发光下显示自发红色荧光, 两者叠加在一起显示黄色荧光, 表明AlCMK定位于叶绿体(图 7), 这与Cell-PLoc 2.0 (http://www.csbio.sjtu.edu.cn/bioinf/Cell-PLoc-2/) 预测结果一致。
中药苍术以菊科植物茅苍术A. lancea和北苍术A. chinensis的干燥根状茎入药, “起霜”是两者的鉴别要点, 也是茅苍术质量评价的重要特色指标[22], 本课题组前期证实茅苍术的“起霜”与倍半萜化合物茅术醇和β-桉叶醇等的积累有关[23]。萜类化合物生物合成包括MVA和MEP两种途径, 其中存在着一系列具有调控作用且功能各异的酶, 催化萜类化合物前体物质IPP、DMAPP的生成, 已有报道称IPP可以在细胞质和质体中交互利用[24], 银杏GbCMK1在烟草和拟南芥中的瞬时表达分析显示, GbCMK1不仅在叶绿体中表达, 也可以进入细胞核中[25], Wada等[26]提出噬热菌Thermus thermophilus HB8 CMK的结构与GHMP超家族成员甲羟戊酸激酶(mevalonate kinase, MK) 的结构相似, 且甲羟戊酸激酶的活性位点残基Lys8和Asp125可能对CMK激酶具有催化作用。因此, MVA与MEP途径并不是完全分裂的, 两者具有化学与分子层面的紧密联系。目前茅苍术MVA途径硫解酶家族成员KAT[27]AACT[28]HMGR[29]及MEP途径中的DXS[30]MCT[31]等基因已有了相关报道, CMK作为茅苍术有效成分萜类化合物合成途径中的关键酶之一, 其基因型和分子机制还需进一步研究。
MeJA通过诱导萜类化合物合成基因表达进而提高次生代谢产物的含量是近几年的研究热点, 蒋玲[32]用外源MeJA诱导茅苍术萜类合成途径的HMGRAlFPPSAlHMGRAlSES1基因, 其表达量均呈现先升高后降低的趋势。通过qRT-PCR分析表明AlCMK基因在MeJA处理后呈现先降低后升高再降低的趋势, 于3 h时基因表达量达到最低, 之后基因表达量逐渐升高, 在24 h达到诱导峰值, 表现出显著的诱导作用。有研究报道了杜仲MVA、MEP途径相关基因的时空表达模式, 分析了EuCMK基因分别在杜仲叶片与幼果中及在杜仲幼果与成熟果实中的表达差异性, 证明杜仲EuCMK基因存在时空表达差异[33]。李贝宁等[34]通过对不同产地丹参中CMK基因的表达水平与丹参有效成分含量积累的分析表明两者具有相关性, SmCMK基因发挥着调控丹参酮类成分积累的作用。张曼[35]的研究表明AaCMK在青蒿根、茎、叶等各个组织中均有表达, 但在青蒿素合成部位分泌型腺体中表达量最高, 有助于青蒿素的合成。本研究通过qRT-PCR技术对不同产地茅苍术AlCMK基因的组织表达模式进行分析, 结果表明CMK基因在南京茅苍术的根状茎、茎、叶中均有较高表达, 在岳西茅苍术中仅在根状茎中有较高表达, 茎和叶中表达量均低, 证明茅苍术CMK基因存在组织特异性。南京、岳西两产地茅苍术根状茎、茎、叶中酶活性测定结果显示叶中的CMK酶活性高于其他组织。
Carretero-Paulet等[36]将AtDXR蛋白融合到可溶性绿色荧光蛋白GFP的N端, 于拟南芥幼苗中瞬时表达, 结果显示DXR-GFP融合蛋白激发荧光与叶绿体自发荧光共定位于叶绿体中。Lois等[37]的研究结果表明番茄DXS蛋白同样定位于叶绿体中。为探索茅苍术AlCMK在细胞中的定位, 本文利用烟草瞬时转化法结合在线软件进行分析, 证明AlCMK蛋白定位于叶绿体中, 这与大部分文献报道的MEP途径基因定位于质体中的结果一致[38]
本研究克隆获得MEP途径的唯一激酶CMK, 对其进行生物信息学分析及原核表达分析, 为CMK基因的功能研究及萜类化合物合成过程中各关键酶的作用机制研究提供依据。CMK基因作为MEP途径的关键酶基因, 对茅苍术萜类化合物合成具有重要调控作用, 关于其表达量与茅苍术有效成分含量积累之间的关系尚有待研究。
作者贡献: 查良平和彭华胜设计实验并提供资金; 鲁继梅和徐睿参与实验、分析数据和撰写论文; 吴君贤、邹立思、刘超提供实验技术支持。
利益冲突: 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(82073957)
  • 中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302)
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2022年第57卷第9期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0444
  • 接收时间:2022-04-18
  • 首发时间:2025-12-24
  • 出版时间:2022-09-12
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  • 收稿日期:2022-04-18
  • 修回日期:2022-05-10
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(82073957)
中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302)
作者信息
    1.安徽中医药大学药学院, 安徽 合肥 230012
    2.南京中医药大学药学院, 江苏 南京 210046
    3.安徽医科大学基础医学院, 安徽 合肥 230032
    4.中国中医科学院中药资源中心, 北京 100700

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*邹立思, E-mail: ;
查良平, Tel: 18130028287, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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