Article(id=1210516641671156661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210516638089212895, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0316, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1647273600000, receivedDateStr=2022-03-15, revisedDate=1649606400000, revisedDateStr=2022-04-11, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766539257686, onlineDateStr=2025-12-24, pubDate=1662912000000, pubDateStr=2022-09-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766539257686, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766539257686, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766539257686, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1210516638089212895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2022', volume='57', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='2888', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766539256832, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766539546411, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210517852726096743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210516638089212895, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210517852726096744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210516638089212895, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2851, endPage=2856, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1210516643445347311, articleId=1210516641671156661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Characterization of butaselen-2, 6-dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes and preparation of injectable solutions, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this study, butaselen-2, 6-dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes were prepared by saturated aqueous solution method to improve the solubility of butaselen, so as to obtain its injection solutions. The content of butaselen in the inclusions was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and then the preparation process was optimized by orthogonal design using the inclusion ratio as an indicator. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to verify the structure of the inclusions. The effects of the inclusions on the solubility and stability of butaselen were also investigated. The results showed that the optimized preparation process with a mass ratio of 1:340, an encapsulation time of 3 h and an encapsulation temperature of 70 ℃ resulted in an encapsulation ratio of (91.24 ± 0.42) %, and the results of XRD, FTIR and SEM demonstrated the formation of inclusion complexes. The developed HPLC method is rapid, simple, accurate, applicable, specific and reproducible for the determination of butaselen content in butaselen cyclodextrin inclusion complexes, which can lay the foundation for the development of new butaselen dosage forms and clinical applications and provide technical support.

, correspAuthors=Kui LU, Ai-ping ZHENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2022 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jin CHANG, Meng LI, Yuan-hao CHANG, Kui LU, Ai-ping ZHENG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1210516645903208614, articleId=1210516641671156661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=卟硒啉-2, 6-二甲基-β-环糊精包合物的表征及注射液的制备, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本文通过饱和水溶液法制备卟硒啉-2, 6-二甲基-β-环糊精包合物, 以提高卟硒啉的溶解度, 从而得到其注射液。通过高效液相色谱(high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC) 法对包合物中的卟硒啉含量进行检测, 再以包合率为指标, 正交设计优化制备工艺。采用X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction, XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope, SEM) 对包合物结构进行验证, 同时考察包合物对卟硒啉溶解度及其稳定性的影响。结果显示, 优化的制备工艺条件质量比为1:340、包合时间为3 h、包合温度为70 ℃, 制得的包合物的包合率为(91.24 ± 0.42) %, XRD、FTIR、SEM结果均证明了包合物形成。卟硒啉-2, 6-二甲基-β-环糊精包合技术能显著提高卟硒啉溶解度且所建立的HPLC法对卟硒啉含量的检测快速简便、准确、适用性强、专属性高、重复性好, 可用于卟硒啉环糊精包合物中的卟硒啉的含量检测, 为卟硒啉新剂型的开发及临床应用奠定基础和提供技术支持。

, correspAuthors=芦逵, 郑爱萍, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*芦逵, Tel: 18202266483, E-mail: ;
郑爱萍, Tel: 13520467936, E-mail:
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Scale bar: 10 μm , figureFileSmall=RalBfsA/s3O9c92e5wOWig==, figureFileBig=iAhukfxKbWLkCIEavyW+fQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210516653322932881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516641671156661, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
LevelFactor
ABC
11/140301
21/240503
31/340705
), ArticleFig(id=1210516653436179096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516641671156661, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

Factor level table. A: Quality ratio; B: Temperature; C: Time; Levels 1, 2, 3: The state in which the three factors A, B, and C

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
LevelFactor
ABC
11/140301
21/240503
31/340705
), ArticleFig(id=1210516653536842402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516641671156661, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Test numberFactorInclusion rate/%
ABCD
1111111.58
2122229.34
3133348.83
4212318.89
5223145.40
6231276.15
7313227.28
8321357.55
9332190.07
K1
K2
K3
R
29.9219.2548.4349.02/
46.8144.1046.1044.26/
58.3071.6837.4141.76/
28.3852.4311.027.26/
), ArticleFig(id=1210516653650088618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516641671156661, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=

Orthogonal experimental design table and results. A: Quality ratio; B: Temperature; C: Time; D: Error

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Test numberFactorInclusion rate/%
ABCD
1111111.58
2122229.34
3133348.83
4212318.89
5223145.40
6231276.15
7313227.28
8321357.55
9332190.07
K1
K2
K3
R
29.9219.2548.4349.02/
46.8144.1046.1044.26/
58.3071.6837.4141.76/
28.3852.4311.027.26/
), ArticleFig(id=1210516653801083573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516641671156661, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Error sourceSSfSFP
A1 223.052611.5314.99> 0.05
B4 127.6422 063.8250.57< 0.05
C202.302101.152.48> 0.05
D81.62240.81//
), ArticleFig(id=1210516653893358263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210516641671156661, language=CN, label=Table 3, caption=

Analysis of variance. SS: Sum of squares; f: Degrees of freedom; S: Mean square; F: F-value; P: Significance level

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Error sourceSSfSFP
A1 223.052611.5314.99> 0.05
B4 127.6422 063.8250.57< 0.05
C202.302101.152.48> 0.05
D81.62240.81//
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卟硒啉-2, 6-二甲基-β-环糊精包合物的表征及注射液的制备
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常金 1, 2 , 李蒙 2 , 常渊浩 3 , 芦逵 1, * , 郑爱萍 2, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2022,57(9): 2851-2856
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2022, 57(9): 2851-2856
卟硒啉-2, 6-二甲基-β-环糊精包合物的表征及注射液的制备
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常金1, 2, 李蒙2, 常渊浩3, 芦逵1, * , 郑爱萍2, *
作者信息
  • 1.天津科技大学生物工程学院, 天津 300457
  • 2.军事科学院军事医学研究院毒物药物研究所, 北京 100850
  • 3.首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院, 北京市神经外科研究所, 北京 100070

通讯作者:

*芦逵, Tel: 18202266483, E-mail: ;
郑爱萍, Tel: 13520467936, E-mail:
Characterization of butaselen-2, 6-dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes and preparation of injectable solutions
Jin CHANG1, 2, Meng LI2, Yuan-hao CHANG3, Kui LU1, * , Ai-ping ZHENG2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Bioengineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
  • 2. China Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
  • 3. Beijing Institute of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
出版时间: 2022-09-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0316
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本文通过饱和水溶液法制备卟硒啉-2, 6-二甲基-β-环糊精包合物, 以提高卟硒啉的溶解度, 从而得到其注射液。通过高效液相色谱(high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC) 法对包合物中的卟硒啉含量进行检测, 再以包合率为指标, 正交设计优化制备工艺。采用X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction, XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope, SEM) 对包合物结构进行验证, 同时考察包合物对卟硒啉溶解度及其稳定性的影响。结果显示, 优化的制备工艺条件质量比为1:340、包合时间为3 h、包合温度为70 ℃, 制得的包合物的包合率为(91.24 ± 0.42) %, XRD、FTIR、SEM结果均证明了包合物形成。卟硒啉-2, 6-二甲基-β-环糊精包合技术能显著提高卟硒啉溶解度且所建立的HPLC法对卟硒啉含量的检测快速简便、准确、适用性强、专属性高、重复性好, 可用于卟硒啉环糊精包合物中的卟硒啉的含量检测, 为卟硒啉新剂型的开发及临床应用奠定基础和提供技术支持。

卟硒啉  /  包合物  /  正交试验  /  2  /  6-二甲基-β-环糊精  /  方法学验证

In this study, butaselen-2, 6-dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes were prepared by saturated aqueous solution method to improve the solubility of butaselen, so as to obtain its injection solutions. The content of butaselen in the inclusions was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and then the preparation process was optimized by orthogonal design using the inclusion ratio as an indicator. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to verify the structure of the inclusions. The effects of the inclusions on the solubility and stability of butaselen were also investigated. The results showed that the optimized preparation process with a mass ratio of 1:340, an encapsulation time of 3 h and an encapsulation temperature of 70 ℃ resulted in an encapsulation ratio of (91.24 ± 0.42) %, and the results of XRD, FTIR and SEM demonstrated the formation of inclusion complexes. The developed HPLC method is rapid, simple, accurate, applicable, specific and reproducible for the determination of butaselen content in butaselen cyclodextrin inclusion complexes, which can lay the foundation for the development of new butaselen dosage forms and clinical applications and provide technical support.

butaselen  /  inclusion complex  /  orthogonal test  /  2  /  6-dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin  /  method validation
常金, 李蒙, 常渊浩, 芦逵, 郑爱萍. 卟硒啉-2, 6-二甲基-β-环糊精包合物的表征及注射液的制备. 药学学报, 2022 , 57 (9) : 2851 -2856 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0316
Jin CHANG, Meng LI, Yuan-hao CHANG, Kui LU, Ai-ping ZHENG. Characterization of butaselen-2, 6-dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes and preparation of injectable solutions[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2022 , 57 (9) : 2851 -2856 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0316
肝纤维化是由一种或多种损伤因素, 如酒精、病毒性肝炎、药物、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎和自身免疫性疾病, 导致肝脏中细胞外基质(extracellular matrix, ECM) 大量胶原沉积的过程[1, 2]。此外, 肝纤维化是各种慢性肝病发展为肝硬化甚至肝癌的关键阶段。造血干细胞是肝损伤发生后的原发性纤维化细胞[3]
卟硒啉(butaselen, BS) 是以依布硒啉为先导化合物合成的新型抗肿瘤有机硒化合物, 为在研的国家一类创新药物, 目前国内BS片剂正处于申报临床阶段。已完成的系列研究表明, BS对脊髓胶质瘤及器官纤维化疾病全链条均表现出控制效果[4]。通过抑制炎症信号和关键ECM合成通路, BS可缓解器官纤维化表现及后续疾病进展, 其化学结构式如图 1
注射剂作为一种可供注入体内的含药无菌溶液, 具有作用快速、不受胃肠道系统影响、无肝脏首过效应等优点, 不仅作用于全身, 还可局部定点治疗, 特别适用于不宜口服的药物和无法口服的患者。鞘内注射常在临床用于治疗颅内感染, 药物可通过腰椎穿刺法, 直接注入蛛网膜下腔, 从而降低血脑屏障对药物的扩散影响, 短时间内可提高脑脊液中血药浓度, 达到治疗作用[5]。此外, 鞘内注射还可避免颅内黏连和血管受到伤害, 降低脑脊液压力, 减轻脑水肿[6, 7]。即本研究设计将BS制备成可用于鞘内注射的剂型, 从而降低血脑屏障的影响, 达到治疗脑胶质瘤的效果。根据对BS性质的研究分析, 其为难溶性药物, 在体内生物利用度低, 极大地限制了其临床应用。β-环糊精(β-cyclodextrin, β-CD) 呈中空圆筒状, 其孔穴开口处为亲水性, 中央为疏水性, 这种结构使其可成为良好的增溶载体[8], 对β-CD进行结构修饰得到的衍生物如羟丙基-β-环糊精(hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, HP-β-CD)[9, 10]和2, 6-二甲基-β-环糊精(2, 6-dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin, DM-β-CD) 等[11], 可使β-CD的物理化学性能得到改善, 具有较好的水溶性, 可与一些难溶性的药物进行包合, 被包合的水难溶性药物进入β-CD衍生物的空腔后, 药物的稳定性可被有效提高并增加其水溶性[12-14]。DM-β-CD作为一种安全性好的药用辅料, 由于低价易得、水溶性较好、低毒性而在药学领域被广泛应用[15]。本研究将BS包合于DM-β-CD后, 可改善溶解性能, 并将其制备成可用于鞘内注射的剂型, 从而降低血脑屏障的影响, 达到治疗脑胶质瘤的效果。对卟硒啉-2, 6-二甲基-β-环糊精(BS-DM-β-CD) 包合物的制备工艺进行优化, 并对包合物进行验证, 可为后期研制BS制剂提供可靠的实验基础和技术支持, 且本研究建立高效液相色谱(high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC) 法能快速准确测定BS环糊精包合物中有效成分的含量, 为加快该制剂的开发应用、质量控制及用药安全等提供技术依据。
仪器  U3000高效液相色谱仪、NICOLET iS5型红外光谱仪(赛默飞世尔科技有限公司); C18液相色谱柱(2.7 µm, 150 mm × 4.6 mm, Ascentis® Express公司); TB-403型电子天平(千分之一)、SQP型电子天平(十万分之一) (Sartorius公司); OS20-S型顶置式电子搅拌器(大龙兴创实验仪器有限公司); 3-18N型医用离心机(湖南恒诺仪器设备有限公司); RT10型磁力水浴加热器(艾卡仪器设备有限公司); D2 Phaser型X射线粉末衍射仪(德国布鲁克公司); JSM-7900F型场发射扫描电镜(日本电子公司)。
试剂  卟硒啉(纯度99%, 批号A10131-034P1, 药明康德新药开发有限公司); 三氟乙酸(分析纯, Acros公司); 乙腈(色谱级)、甲醇(色谱级) (Fisher Chemical公司); 二甲基亚砜(分析纯, 国药集团化学试剂有限公司); DM-β-CD (纯度98%, 批号180701, 淄博千汇生物科技有限公司); 羟丙基-β-环糊精(批号20190320, 西安德立生物化工有限公司)。
供试品溶液  在磁力搅拌下将48 g HP-β-CD溶于51.02 g超纯水, 待溶液澄清后加入141 mg BS, 补充纯化水至100 g, 于70 ℃搅拌3 h, 离心后取上清液通过0.45 μm滤膜过滤, 得到无色澄明溶液。
对照品溶液  精密称定20 mg BS于50 mL的量瓶中, 加入15 mL的二甲基亚砜溶解, 再用甲醇定容, 平行配制2份, 经0.22 μm滤膜过滤。
色谱条件  色谱柱为Ascentis® Express C18 (2.7 µm, 150 mm × 4.6 mm); 流动相A为0.05%三氟乙酸-水, 流动相B为0.05%三氟乙酸-乙腈; 检测波长为225 nm; 柱温: 30 ℃; 流速: 1 mL·min-1; 进样量: 5 μL; 梯度洗脱。
方法学验证
系统适用性  量取对照品溶液适量, 过0.22 μm滤膜, 按色谱条件进行HPLC分析, 记录图谱。
检测限与定量限  精密称定BS原料药适量, 二甲基亚砜/甲醇混合溶液溶解, 并逐级稀释, 以信噪比为3确定检测下限, 以信噪比为10确定定量下限, 按色谱方法进样检测。
专属性考察  空白辅料溶液: 称取48 g HP-β-CD于51.04 g超纯水, 待环糊精完全溶解, 溶液变为澄明溶液后, 0.45 μm滤膜过滤, 将原料药溶液、空白溶剂、供试品溶液、空白辅料溶液进行HPLC分析。
线性  精密称定200 mg BS于50 mL量瓶, 加入二甲基亚砜溶解, 稀释至刻度, 得原料药溶液(4 mg·mL-1), 精密移取原料药溶液1.5、1.2、1、0.8、0.6、0.5 mL于10 mL量瓶, 二甲基亚砜稀释至刻度, 质量浓度分别为600、480、400、320、240、200 μg·mL-1, 按色谱条件进样分析, 记录峰面积。
滤膜吸附  为确保过滤对有效成分的定量分析无干扰, 采用津腾(尼龙66, 0.45 μm) 和津腾(聚四氟乙烯, 0.45 μm) 两种材质的微孔滤膜。将供试品溶液通过微孔滤膜分别滤去1、2、3、4 mL及离心供试液(转速9 000 r·min-1, 20 min), 按色谱条件进样分析, 记录响应峰面积。
准确度  精密称定20 mg BS于20 mL量瓶, 二甲基亚砜溶解稀释至刻度, 作为储液, 平行配制3份, 按标示量的80%、100%、120%, 取储液2.8、3.5、4.2 μL于10 mL量瓶中, 再分别加入140、175、210 mg环糊精, 平行配制3份, 共9份溶液。根据色谱条件进样, 记录峰面积, 外标法计算回收率及相对标准偏差(RSD) 值。
重复性  将制备的供试品溶液用0.45 μm滤膜过滤, 平行6份, 按色谱条件进样分析, 记录峰面积, 外标法计算各个含量及RSD值。
溶液稳定性  将对照品溶液、供试品溶液于室温下存放, 分别于0、2、4、6、8、12、24 h取样, 按色谱条件进行HPLC分析, 记录峰面积, 计算RSD值。
耐用性  由于方法为梯度洗脱程序, 对条件较为敏感, 所以本实验分别考察了检测波长、柱温、流速对测定的影响。调整柱温为28和32 ℃, 调整流速为0.8和1.2 mL·min-1, 调整检测波长为223和227 nm。在其他色谱条件不变的情况下, 分别对同一供试品溶液进行测定。
BS-DM-β-CD包合物的制备工艺优化  在磁力搅拌下将48 g DM-β-CD溶于51.02 g超纯水, 待溶液澄清后加入100 mg BS, 补充纯化水至100 g, 于70 ℃搅拌3 h, 冷却至室温后, 无固体析出, 0.22 μm滤膜过滤, 得到淡黄色澄明包合物溶液, HPLC方法测定BS峰面积, 外标法计算BS的含量, 按公式(1) 计算包合率:
$\text{包合率 = 包合物中的BS质量/BS投料质量 × 100%}$
正交设计优化BS-DM-β-CD包合物制备工艺  选取饱和水溶液法进行制备工艺的优化, 选取BS与DM-β-CD质量比(A)、包合温度(B)、搅拌时间(C) 为考察因素, 以包合率为考察指标, 按L9 (34) 正交试验设计方案进行工艺优选(表 1)。F0.05 (2, 2) = 19.00, F0.01(2, 2) = 99.00为方差分析F界值表上标准值。F比的值≥ F0.05标准值, 代表P < 0.05, 具有显著性差异; F比的值≥ F0.01标准值, 代表P < 0.01, 具有极显著性差异。
包合物的物理化学性质
X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction, XRD)  XRD测定条件为(铜靶): 工作电压40 kV, 扫描速度每分钟2°, 起止角度为10°~80°进行检测。
傅里叶变换红外光谱(Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, FTIR)  使用KBr压片法测定了BS、DM-β-CD、BS/DM-β-CD物理混合物和BS-DM-β-CD包合物的红外吸收光谱图。
扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope, SEM) 表征包合物  分别取BS、DM-β-CD、BS/DM-β-CD物理混合物、BS-DM-β-CD包合物体系少量固定于载物台上, 在电子加速电压为3 kV条件下进行SEM测试。
溶解度法测定包合物  称取过量的BS原料药、BS-DM-β-CD包合物于试管中, 加适量的去离子水制成过饱和溶液, 室温静置24 h, 过滤, 取一定量的滤液用去离子水稀释成适宜浓度, 经HPLC法分析, 计算BS溶解度。
稳定性实验  分别称取BS和BS-DM-β-CD包合物适量, 配制质量浓度为1.00 mg·mL-1的BS二甲基亚砜溶液和1.00 mg·mL-1的BS-DM-β-CD包合物水溶液各3份。存放于量瓶中, 室温(25 ℃) 下放置, 于实验的30天取样, HPLC法测定质量浓度, 考察其稳定性。
结果如图 2, BS的峰形对称性良好, 并测得色谱峰理论塔板数大于9 000, 与主峰相邻峰的分离度大于1.5, 说明该方法系统适用性良好。连续进样6次, BS峰面积RSD值及保留时间的RSD值均小于2%。另外, 在测定波长225 nm处, 主峰附近未见色谱峰, 空白溶剂无干扰, 该方法可用于BS含量的测定。
结果可得, BS的检测限为90 ng·mL-1, 定量限为300 ng·mL-1
结果见图 3, 空白溶剂、辅料溶液无干扰, 主峰与相邻峰的分离度大于1.5。
以浓度C (μg·mL-1) 对峰面积A进行线性回归, 得A = 0.298 6C - 1.444 6, r = 0.999 9, 结果显示, BS在200~600 μg·mL-1浓度范围内线性关系良好。
结果显示, 两种材质滤膜的离心样品与过滤样品主峰峰面积之比均在0.98~1.02, 含量无明显差异。
结果显示, BS在3种标示量浓度下的平均回收率分别为101.14%、100.62%、100.49%, RSD值为0.39% < 1.0%, 表明本方法准确度较高。
结果显示, BS的平均含量为99.42%, RSD值为0.21%, 表明本方法重复性良好。
结果显示, 对照品溶液BS峰面积的RSD值为0.27%, 供试品溶液的BS峰面积的RSD值为0.15%, 均小于2%, 符合要求, 且表明对照品溶液与供试品溶液在24 h内稳定。
结果表明, 在上述各实验条件下, BS的峰形对称性良好, 主峰与相邻峰的分离度均大于1.5, 理论塔板数均大于9 000。不同色谱条件与原始条件测定结果相比较, 差值均小于2%, 说明本方法具有较好的耐用性。
根据直观分析表(表 2) 及方差分析结果表(表 3) 的结果显示, 因素B对评价指标有显著影响(P < 0.05), 因素AC无显著影响。综合直观分析和方差分析可知, 最佳工艺条件为A3B3C2, 即BS与DM-β-CD的质量比为1:340, 搅拌时间为3 h, 包合温度为70 ℃。按上述最佳制备工艺条件, 制备3批BS-DM-β-CD包合物, HPLC方法测定包合率为(91.24 ± 0.42) %。
图 4为BS-DM-β-CD包合物(图 4A)、BS/DM-β-CD物理混合物(图 4B)、DM-β-CD (图 4C) 和BS (图 4D) 的XRD。物理混合物在2θ = 12°、18°时显示出与BS同样的衍射峰, 且与包合物有明显区别, 同时呈现了晶体和非晶体的形态特征, 是DM-β-CD与BS形态特征的简单叠加。BS展现出晶体的形态特征, 包合物并未展现晶体的形态特征, 而是呈现出与DM-β-CD更加相似的非晶体形态特征, 与DM-β-CD相比, 包合物的XRD谱图在2θ = 17°、22°的衍射峰更尖锐, 而在2θ = 11°出现的衍射峰不尖锐。形成包合物后, BS在2θ = 12°、18°、30°的衍射峰消失。这些结果表明形成了BS-DM-β-CD包合物。
图 5可知, 在客体BS分子中, 在BS内有苯环、酰胺羰基特征基团的伸缩振动吸收在1 720~1 250 cm-1, 波数3 000~2 750 cm-1为BS分子中饱和烃的振动吸收, 1 600 cm-1左右为BS中羰基振动吸收, 770~735 cm-1为BS中苯环邻二取代的吸收振动峰。而主体DM-β-CD的图谱在此波数范围内没有相关伸缩振动吸收; 物理混合物的红外图谱类似于客体BS与DM-β-CD的单体图谱的叠加; 而包合物载药体系中BS内有苯环、酰胺羰基特征基团的伸缩振动吸收在1 250~1 720 cm-1, 波数3 000~2 750 cm-1为BS分子中饱和烃的振动吸收, 1 600 cm-1左右为BS中羰基振动吸收, 770~735 cm-1为BS中苯环邻二取代的吸收振动峰振动吸收发生显著变化, 单体中峰强度较高, 包合物载药体系中该峰强度大幅度减弱或者被DM-β-CD衍生物的图谱掩盖而消失; 包合物中DM-β-CD的羟基伸缩振动由3 430 cm-1左右位移到3 400 cm-1左右, 且包合物载药体系中这些峰型也发生了变化, 综上, 客体分子BS进入了主体分子DM-β-CD的空腔中, 而不是简单的物理吸附, 说明BS与DM-β-CD形成了包合物载药体系。
BS-DM-β-CD体系分析发现(图 6), BS原料药主要形态为薄片状(图 6A); DM-β-CD呈不规则球状物(图 6B); 物理混合物BS/DM-β-CD可明显观察到薄片状的BS及较小颗粒的BS附着于不规则球状物DM-β-CD的表面(图 6C), 是两者图像的简单叠加; BS-DM-β-CD可明显观察到不规则块状物, 与主客体镜像不同(图 6D), 由此可说明包合物已形成。
结果可得, BS原料药、BS-DM-β-CD包合物的溶解度分别为0.14、1 031.51 μg·mL-1, 即包合物的溶解度约为BS原料药的7 367倍, 说明原料药BS与DM-β-CD形成了包合物, 并且此包合物还极大提高了原料药BS的溶解度。
质量浓度为1.00 mg·mL-1的两种溶液放置30天后, 测定结果显示, BS二甲基亚砜溶液的质量浓度为(0.68 ± 0.01) mg·mL-1, BS-DM-β-CD包合物水溶液的质量浓度为(0.99 ± 0.01) mg·mL-1, 表明将BS制成BS-DM-β-CD包合物后, 明显提高了其稳定性。
本研究通过对色谱方法的选择, 考察了柱温、波长、流速等条件, 并进行调整确定了最优色谱条件, 通过对系统适用性、专属性、溶液稳定性、检测限、定量限、线性与范围、重复性、准确度等指标进行考察, 证明所建立的方法准确度高, 重复性好, 可用于BS环糊精包合物中BS的测定及质量控制。
本研究选用饱和水溶液法制备包合物。由于BS难溶于水, 仅溶于二甲基亚砜, 因此, 很大程度上限制了包合物制备方法的选择。饱和水溶液法是制备包合物中较为成熟的技术手段之一, 根据对环糊精的调研发现, 其浓度对包合率呈现浓度越大, 包合率越高的特点, 即选择接近饱和状态下的环糊精水溶液进行制备, 最终确定环糊精浓度为48%。
另外, 选用了DM-β-CD包合BS, 本研究对HP-β-CD、DM-β-CD、磺丁基-β-环糊精等环糊精种类进行考察, 通过HPLC法对制备的包合物进行检测, 结果显示在同等条件下DM-β-CD将BS在水中的溶解度提高了上千倍, 即最终选择DM-β-CD制备包合物。
包合率及载药量是考察包合效果的一般衡量指标。本研究选择48% DM-β-CD为包合溶液, 但环糊精浓度高时, 溶液黏稠且存在黏附, 导致损耗而无法获得准确的包合物重量, 因此以BS的包合率作为衡量包合效果的考察指标。在确定选择DM-β-CD及48%环糊精后, 对其他制备工艺参数进行优化, 优化后的处方制备的包合物的包合率达90%左右, 提示本研究选择的处方工艺参数为最优参数。
为了验证是否成功制备包合物, 本研究将所得的包合物溶液冷冻干燥处理, 得到包合物冻干粉末后, 通过XRD、FTIR、SEM验证了包合物的形成, 并通过溶解度法及稳定性实验比较了BS原药与包合物的溶解度及稳定性, 结果显示包合物中药物的溶解度显著提高, 表明DM-β-CD对BS药物具有较好的增溶及提高稳定性的作用, 进一步表明了包合物的形成。
对注射剂而言, 使用安全的溶剂提高药物的溶解度及稳定性是主要难题。本研究对BS药物与环糊精相结合形成包合物进行具体研究分析, 结果发现显著提高了药物溶解度, 为BS在制剂领域的研究提供了新方法、新思路, 奠定了实验基础; 建立的BS含量检测方法为开发BS制剂研究提供了检测手段; 对卟硒啉包合物结构进行了表征, 并详细分析, 为以后的制剂研究提供参考。
作者贡献: 常金是本研究执行人及设计者, 完成数据获取、分析、论文修改、初稿的撰写; 李蒙、常渊浩、芦逵指导并参与实验设计和结果分析; 郑爱萍是项目构思者及负责人, 提供实验平台, 指导实验设计、数据分析、论文修改。全体作者都阅读并同意最终的文本。
利益冲突: 所有作者均声明不存在任何利益冲突。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(81573357)
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2022年第57卷第9期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0316
  • 接收时间:2022-03-15
  • 首发时间:2025-12-24
  • 出版时间:2022-09-12
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  • 收稿日期:2022-03-15
  • 修回日期:2022-04-11
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(81573357)
作者信息
    1.天津科技大学生物工程学院, 天津 300457
    2.军事科学院军事医学研究院毒物药物研究所, 北京 100850
    3.首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院, 北京市神经外科研究所, 北京 100070

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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