Article(id=1210148023800296157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210148010437243088, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0651, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1653494400000, receivedDateStr=2022-05-26, revisedDate=1655481600000, revisedDateStr=2022-06-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766451372336, onlineDateStr=2025-12-23, pubDate=1660233600000, pubDateStr=2022-08-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766451372336, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766451372336, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766451372336, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1210148010437243088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2022', volume='57', issue='8', pageStart='2245', pageEnd='2556', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766451369151, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766451533022, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210148697808179705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210148010437243088, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210148697808179706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210148010437243088, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2453, endPage=2460, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1210148024312001272, articleId=1210148023800296157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Mechanistic understanding of the inhibitory effect of cytochrome P450 3A4 and 3A5 by Wuzhi tablet (Schisandra sphenanthera extract), columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Wuzhi tablet (WZ) is a prescribed herbal medicine extracted from Schisandra sphenanthera, which is widely used to protect the liver injury and drug-induced hepatotoxicity in clinical practices. Previous studies showed that WZ significantly increased the blood concentrations of tacrolimus, cyclosporine A, paclitaxel by inhibiting the cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A)-mediated metabolism. CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 are the most important isoenzymes among the CYP3A subfamily. However, there are some differences in the catalytic and inhibitory activities between CYP3A4 and CYP3A5, which may lead to different risk of drug-drug and herb-drug interactions, and the risks may be further amplified in vivo. Currently, few reports have compared the herbal medicine inhibitory effects between CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 mediated metabolic reactions. Therefore, detailing the inhibitory effect of WZ on CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 will help understand and predict the potential herb-drug interaction. The results showed that WZ inhibited CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 in a NADPH-, time- and concentration- dependent manner. WZ showed more potent inhibition on CYP3A5 than CYP3A4. Cautions warranted when combining WZ with other therapeutic drugs to avoid the potential herb-drug interaction.

, correspAuthors=Hui-chang BI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2022 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xiao-ling QIN, Wen-hai DUAN, Jia-li LI, Min HUANG, Hui-chang BI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1210148026748891995, articleId=1210148023800296157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=五酯片提取物对人CYP3A4及CYP3A5重组酶活性的抑制作用及其机制, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

五酯片是临床上常用的护肝中药单方制剂, 常被用来治疗各种原因引起的肝损伤。前期研究表明五酯片可通过抑制CYP3A从而升高移植患者、大鼠体内他克莫司、环孢素、紫杉醇等药物的血药浓度。CYP3A4和CYP3A5是CYP3A的两种重要亚型, 但它们在催化活性及对抑制剂敏感性上表现不同。对CYP3A4和CYP3A5抑制作用的差异可能会导致不同的药物相互作用, 这种相互作用的风险在体内可能会被进一步放大。可见, 研究五酯片对CYP3A4及CYP3A5活性抑制作用的异同具有较好的临床治疗学及经济学意义。然而, 目前尚未见五酯片对CYP3A4及CYP3A5活性的抑制作用及作用机制的相关研究。因此, 本研究利用人重组CYP3A4 (recombinant human CYP3A4, rhCYP3A4)、人重组CYP3A5 (recombinant human CYP3A5, rhCYP3A5) 考察五酯片提取物对CYP3A4、CYP3A5活性的影响及作用特征、机制。结果表明, 五酯片提取物对CYP3A4、CYP3A5活性的抑制作用存在NADPH、预孵育时间及浓度依赖性; 其与CYP3A4及CYP3A5的结合比较牢固, 不能通过透析来消除; 其对CYP3A5的抑制作用稍强于其对CYP3A4的抑制作用。因此, 临床上合用五酯片时, 要警惕由此引起的中西药药物相互作用。

, correspAuthors=毕惠嫦, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*毕惠嫦, Tel: 86-20-61648530, E-mail:
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The concentration of rhCYP3A4 or rhCYP3A5 was 12.5 pmol·mL<sup>-1</sup>. The rhCYP3A4 or rhCYP3A5 was incubated for 5 min at 37 ℃ in the presence of midazolam (5 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup>) and different concentrations of WZ extract (2, 20, 200 μg·mL<sup>-1</sup>). <i>n</i> = 4, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \stackrel{-}{x} $</span> ± <i>s</i> , figureFileSmall=7cN60pMjMlNeE1wKjq8fdw==, figureFileBig=txXEgWi3VZuI//vqa/Aiiw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148032142766229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148023800296157, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=18kZL9VUea9hTj2nKpHoLQ==, figureFileBig=Zx2QWqi/ihuSkE7bSADnwg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148032230846616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148023800296157, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= The log of percentage of control activity <i>versus</i> preincubation time of WZ extract on rhCYP3A4 (A) and rhCYP3A5 (B) midazolam 1-hydroxylation activity. The rhCYP3A4 (12.5 pmol·mL<sup>-1</sup>) or rhCYP3A5 (12.5 pmol·mL<sup>-1</sup>) were preincubated with 0.5% DMSO (vehicle control) or varying concentrations of WZ extract (0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 μg·mL<sup>-1</sup>) and NADPH at 37 ℃ for 0, 5, 15 and 30 min in 100 mmol·L<sup>-1</sup> potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) containing 0.05 mmol·L<sup>-1</sup> EDTA. Midazolam was added after the incubation and midazolam 1-hydroxylation activity was determined. Each point represents the means of duplicate experiments. <i>n</i> = 4 , figureFileSmall=18kZL9VUea9hTj2nKpHoLQ==, figureFileBig=Zx2QWqi/ihuSkE7bSADnwg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148032327315614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148023800296157, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=QusTMFbFEN3XrRsd2ZYHqA==, figureFileBig=gkn35bPGkpdVzSx33YCeeA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148032453144741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148023800296157, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= A plot of the half-life of enzyme inactivation <i>versus</i> the inverse of WZ extract concentration on rhCYP3A4 (A) and rhCYP3A5 (B) midazolam 1-hydroxylation activity. The rhCYP3A4 (12.5 pmol·mL<sup>-1</sup>) or rhCYP3A5 (12.5 pmol·mL<sup>-1</sup>) were preincubated with 0.5% DMSO (vehicle control) or varying concentrations of WZ extract (0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 μg·mL<sup>-1</sup>) and NADPH at 37 ℃ for 0, 5, 15 and 30 min in 100 mmol·L<sup>-1</sup> potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) containing 0.05 mmol·L<sup>-1</sup> EDTA. Midazolam was added after the incubation and midazolam 1-hydroxylation activity was determined. Each point represents the means of duplicate experiments, <i>n</i> = 4 , figureFileSmall=QusTMFbFEN3XrRsd2ZYHqA==, figureFileBig=gkn35bPGkpdVzSx33YCeeA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148032553808042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148023800296157, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=CrUbsChyZ/PZ3Jqy6mf4bw==, figureFileBig=yc4buqVTyg++aM8sfUV/YQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148032641888429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148023800296157, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= Effect of dialysis on the inactivation of rhCYP3A4 (A) and rhCYP3A5 (B) midazolam 1-hydroxylation activity by WZ extract. rhCYP3A4 or rhCYP3A5 (12.5 pmol·mL<sup>-1</sup>) were preincubated with WZ extract (10 μg·mL<sup>-1</sup>) and ketoconazole (2 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup>) with or without NADPH at 37 ℃ for 15 min in 100 mmol·L<sup>-1</sup> potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) containing 0.05 mmol·L<sup>-1</sup> EDTA. Then the aliquot was transferred to a dialysis bag and dialyzed at 4 ℃ for 16 h. The rhCYP3A4 and rhCYP3A5 activity was determined before and after dialysis. Data are expressed as means of duplicate experiments. <i>n</i> = 4, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \stackrel{-}{x} $</span> ± <i>s</i> , figureFileSmall=CrUbsChyZ/PZ3Jqy6mf4bw==, figureFileBig=yc4buqVTyg++aM8sfUV/YQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148032767717560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148023800296157, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
TreatmentCYP3A4CYP3A5Ratio (3A4/3A5)
-NADPH+NADPH-NADPH+NADPH-NADPH+NADPH
WZ extract5.22.43.81.91.371.24
Ketoconazole0.981.161.911.850.510.63
), ArticleFig(id=1210148032872575162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148023800296157, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

NADPH-dependent inhibition of midazolam 1-hydroxylation of WZ extract and ketoconazole with or without NADPH pretreatment in rhCYP3A4 or rhCYP3A5. Data are expressed as IC50 μg·mL-1 for WZ extract and μmol·L-1 for ketoconazole. n = 4

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
TreatmentCYP3A4CYP3A5Ratio (3A4/3A5)
-NADPH+NADPH-NADPH+NADPH-NADPH+NADPH
WZ extract5.22.43.81.91.371.24
Ketoconazole0.981.161.911.850.510.63
), ArticleFig(id=1210148032948072638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148023800296157, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
TreatmentCYP 3A4CYP 3A5
0 min5 min15 min30 min0 min5 min15 min30 min
WZ extract5.22.42.22.23.81.90.60.6
Ketoconazole0.981.160.951.051.911.851.841.87
), ArticleFig(id=1210148033069707462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148023800296157, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=

Time- and concentration- dependent inhibition of midazolam 1-hydroxylation of WZ extract in presence of NADPH in rhCYP3A4 or rhCYP3A5. Data are expressed as IC50 μg·mL-1 for WZ extract and μmol·L-1 for ketoconazole. n = 4

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
TreatmentCYP 3A4CYP 3A5
0 min5 min15 min30 min0 min5 min15 min30 min
WZ extract5.22.42.22.23.81.90.60.6
Ketoconazole0.981.160.951.051.911.851.841.87
), ArticleFig(id=1210148034315415753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148023800296157, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
TreatmentCYP 3A4CYP 3A5
kinact/min-1KI/μg·mL-1t1/2/minkinact/min-1KI/μg·mL-1t1/2/min
WZ extract0.07533.639.200.1011.056.86
), ArticleFig(id=1210148034428661965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148023800296157, language=CN, label=Table 3, caption=

Inhibition kinetics parameters of WZ extract on midazolam 1-hydroxylation in rhCYP3A4 or rhCYP3A5. n = 4

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
TreatmentCYP 3A4CYP 3A5
kinact/min-1KI/μg·mL-1t1/2/minkinact/min-1KI/μg·mL-1t1/2/min
WZ extract0.07533.639.200.1011.056.86
), ArticleFig(id=1210148034491576530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148023800296157, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
TreatmentCYP 3A4CYP 3A5
BeforeAfterBeforeAfter
WZ extract4.9 ± 0.424.1 ± 0.79.8 ± 0.447.3 ± 9.1
Ketoconazole1.8 ± 0.389.6 ± 3.619.3 ± 2.395.3 ± 14.7
), ArticleFig(id=1210148034579656919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148023800296157, language=CN, label=Table 4, caption=

The inhibition of rhCYP3A4 or rhCYP3A5 midazolam 1-hydroxylation activity by WZ extract (10 μg·mL-1 containing 0.5 μmol·L-1 schisantherin A) and ketoconazole (2 μmol·L-1) before and after dialysis for 16 h. Data is expressed as % of control activity. n = 4, $ \stackrel{-}{x} $ ± s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
TreatmentCYP 3A4CYP 3A5
BeforeAfterBeforeAfter
WZ extract4.9 ± 0.424.1 ± 0.79.8 ± 0.447.3 ± 9.1
Ketoconazole1.8 ± 0.389.6 ± 3.619.3 ± 2.395.3 ± 14.7
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五酯片提取物对人CYP3A4及CYP3A5重组酶活性的抑制作用及其机制
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覃小玲 1 , 段文海 1 , 李嘉丽 2 , 黄民 2 , 毕惠嫦 3, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2022,57(8): 2453-2460
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2022, 57(8): 2453-2460
五酯片提取物对人CYP3A4及CYP3A5重组酶活性的抑制作用及其机制
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覃小玲1, 段文海1, 李嘉丽2, 黄民2, 毕惠嫦3, *
作者信息
  • 1.广东食品药品职业学院, 广东 广州 510520
  • 2.中山大学药学院, 广东 广州 510006
  • 3.南方医科大学药学院, 广东 广州 510515

通讯作者:

*毕惠嫦, Tel: 86-20-61648530, E-mail:
Mechanistic understanding of the inhibitory effect of cytochrome P450 3A4 and 3A5 by Wuzhi tablet (Schisandra sphenanthera extract)
Xiao-ling QIN1, Wen-hai DUAN1, Jia-li LI2, Min HUANG2, Hui-chang BI3, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou 510520, China
  • 2. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
  • 3. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
出版时间: 2022-08-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0651
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五酯片是临床上常用的护肝中药单方制剂, 常被用来治疗各种原因引起的肝损伤。前期研究表明五酯片可通过抑制CYP3A从而升高移植患者、大鼠体内他克莫司、环孢素、紫杉醇等药物的血药浓度。CYP3A4和CYP3A5是CYP3A的两种重要亚型, 但它们在催化活性及对抑制剂敏感性上表现不同。对CYP3A4和CYP3A5抑制作用的差异可能会导致不同的药物相互作用, 这种相互作用的风险在体内可能会被进一步放大。可见, 研究五酯片对CYP3A4及CYP3A5活性抑制作用的异同具有较好的临床治疗学及经济学意义。然而, 目前尚未见五酯片对CYP3A4及CYP3A5活性的抑制作用及作用机制的相关研究。因此, 本研究利用人重组CYP3A4 (recombinant human CYP3A4, rhCYP3A4)、人重组CYP3A5 (recombinant human CYP3A5, rhCYP3A5) 考察五酯片提取物对CYP3A4、CYP3A5活性的影响及作用特征、机制。结果表明, 五酯片提取物对CYP3A4、CYP3A5活性的抑制作用存在NADPH、预孵育时间及浓度依赖性; 其与CYP3A4及CYP3A5的结合比较牢固, 不能通过透析来消除; 其对CYP3A5的抑制作用稍强于其对CYP3A4的抑制作用。因此, 临床上合用五酯片时, 要警惕由此引起的中西药药物相互作用。

五酯片  /  华中五味子  /  CYP3A4  /  CYP3A5  /  中西药药物相互作用

Wuzhi tablet (WZ) is a prescribed herbal medicine extracted from Schisandra sphenanthera, which is widely used to protect the liver injury and drug-induced hepatotoxicity in clinical practices. Previous studies showed that WZ significantly increased the blood concentrations of tacrolimus, cyclosporine A, paclitaxel by inhibiting the cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A)-mediated metabolism. CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 are the most important isoenzymes among the CYP3A subfamily. However, there are some differences in the catalytic and inhibitory activities between CYP3A4 and CYP3A5, which may lead to different risk of drug-drug and herb-drug interactions, and the risks may be further amplified in vivo. Currently, few reports have compared the herbal medicine inhibitory effects between CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 mediated metabolic reactions. Therefore, detailing the inhibitory effect of WZ on CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 will help understand and predict the potential herb-drug interaction. The results showed that WZ inhibited CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 in a NADPH-, time- and concentration- dependent manner. WZ showed more potent inhibition on CYP3A5 than CYP3A4. Cautions warranted when combining WZ with other therapeutic drugs to avoid the potential herb-drug interaction.

Wuzhi tablet  /  Schisandra sphenanthera  /  CYP3A4  /  CYP3A5  /  herb-drug interaction
覃小玲, 段文海, 李嘉丽, 黄民, 毕惠嫦. 五酯片提取物对人CYP3A4及CYP3A5重组酶活性的抑制作用及其机制. 药学学报, 2022 , 57 (8) : 2453 -2460 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0651
Xiao-ling QIN, Wen-hai DUAN, Jia-li LI, Min HUANG, Hui-chang BI. Mechanistic understanding of the inhibitory effect of cytochrome P450 3A4 and 3A5 by Wuzhi tablet (Schisandra sphenanthera extract)[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2022 , 57 (8) : 2453 -2460 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0651
为了降低药物的毒性和提高药物的疗效, 中草药常被用来与化学药物(西药) 同时使用。然而, 中草药和西药的联合使用可能会产生中草药-西药药物相互作用(herb-drug interaction), 导致严重的不良事件。细胞色素P450 3A (cytochrome P450 3A, CYP3A) 是最重要的药物代谢酶, 参与市场上大概60%治疗药物的代谢[1-3]。CYP3A4、CYP3A5是CYP3A家族最重要的两个亚型。由于在人体肝脏含量最多, CYP3A4被认为是人的肝脏和肠道最重要的代谢酶; 而CYP3A5在人体中呈多态性表达, 在1/3的白种人和1/2的非裔美国人中贡献高达50%的肝脏CYP3A代谢[4]。尽管CYP3A4和CYP3A5的氨基酸序列同源性高达83%、底物重叠性非常高[5], 但是两种亚型在催化活性及对抑制剂敏感性上表现不同[5, 6]。对于大多数药物, CYP3A4的催化活性往往比CYP3A5高[6]。然而, CYP3A5对于一些常用的治疗窗较窄的药物如抗肿瘤药长春新碱和免疫抑制剂他克莫司的清除或代谢的贡献要高于CYP3A4[7, 8]。可见, 对CYP3A4及CYP3A5抑制作用的差异可能会导致不同的药物相互作用, 这种相互作用的风险在体内可能会被进一步放大。目前, 很少有关于中草药对CYP3A4及CYP3A5介导的代谢反应抑制作用差异的研究。因此, 对比中草药对CYP3A4及CYP3A5的抑制作用的异同可以帮助理解及预测不良的药物相互作用。
五酯片是华中五味子(Schisandra sphenanthera) 的乙醇提取物单方制剂(国药准字Z20025766), 主要活性成分为木脂素类化合物, 包括五味子甲素(schisandrin A)、五味子乙素(schisandrin B)、五味子丙素(schisandrin C)、五味子醇甲(schisandrol A)、五味子醇乙(schisandrol B)、五味子酯甲(schisantherin A) 等[9], 具有抗肝细胞损伤、改善肝细胞代谢的作用, 常用于辅助治疗各种类型肝损伤[9, 10], 包括用于防治解热镇痛药对乙酰氨基酚或免疫抑制剂他克莫司所致肝损害[11-14]。本课题组之前利用HPLC测定了五酯片的指纹图谱, 并利用HPLC-MS/MS测定了片剂中木脂素各成分的含量[15]。本课题组及其他课题组之前的研究表明五味子单方制剂如五酯片及其木脂素活性成分可通过抑制CYP3A的活性从而使肾移植患者或大鼠体内CYP3A底物-他克莫司、环孢素、紫杉醇等的血药浓度显著升高[12, 13, 16-21]。此外, 有不少文献[22, 23]报道五味子提取物及其木脂素活性成分可以抑制体外CYP3A的活性。日本学者Iwata等[22]和韩国学者Seo等[23]均报道五味子酯甲、五味子醇乙及gomisin B、gomisin G、gomisin N可不同程度抑制人肝微粒体CYP3A活性, 五味子酯甲、五味子醇乙对CYP3A活性的抑制作用呈时间和浓度依赖性, 但这些研究均未区分五味子各活性成分对CYP3A4及CYP3A5活性作用的异同。我国学者[24]报道五味子酯甲及gomisin G可显著抑制CYP3A4及CYP3A5中咪达唑仑的代谢, 五味子酯甲对CYP3A4的抑制作用比CYP3A5强; 而gomisin G则相反, 其对CYP3A4的抑制作用比CYP3A5弱。可见, 不同的五味子活性成分对CYP3A4及CYP3A5的抑制作用存在差异, 仅仅考察五味子某一成分对CYP3A4及CYP3A5抑制作用的差异很难准确地反映临床上五味子制剂对CYP3A4及CYP3A5抑制作用的差异, 对于预测含五味子制剂-西药药物间相互作用的准确度亦有限。
五酯片是目前国内临床上经常使用的护肝中药, 是五味子乙醇提取物单方制剂, 成分相对简单, 且已被准确定量; 研究五酯片对CYP3A4及CYP3A5活性的抑制作用及其特征的异同更具临床治疗学及经济学意义。然而, 目前尚未见五酯片对CYP3A4及CYP3A5活性的抑制作用及作用机制的相关研究。因此, 本研究利用CYP3A经典底物咪达唑仑(midazolam, MDZ), 以咪达唑仑的代谢物1-羟基咪达唑仑(1-OH MDZ) 的生成速率表示CYP3A的酶活性, 考察五酯片提取物对人重组CYP3A4 (recombinant human CYP3A4, rhCYP3A4)、人重组CYP3A5 (recombinant human CYP3A5, rhCYP3A5) 酶活性的影响及作用特征、机制。
药品与试剂     五酯片(广西方略药业有限公司, 批号: 091026); 酮康唑及还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, NADPH, Sigma-Aldrich公司); 咪达唑仑(midazolam, MDZ, 99%, IL Co., San Bruno, USA, Lot No. 750149); 1′-羟基咪达唑仑(1-hydroxyl midazolam, 1-OH MDZ, 98%, IL Co., San Bruno, USA, Lot No. 472031); 磷酸二氢钾(批号: 20100401-1)、磷酸氢二钾(批号: 20101202-1) 及氯化镁(批号: 20110201-1) 均购自广州化学试剂厂; 叔丁基甲醚、二氯甲烷等均购自美国TEDIA试剂公司; 色谱分析实验中所用试剂均为色谱纯。透析袋购自北京鼎国生物技术有限公司(截留分子量: 8 000~14 000 kD, D36 mm)。
五酯片提取物配制     五酯片提取物按照本课题组的方法[13]提取。具体操作如下: 取五酯片数片置研钵中研细, 称取一定量的五酯片粉末, 加100倍量的无水乙醇(wv = g∶mL) 混匀后超声60 min, 3 500 g离心10 min, 取上清液。残渣加100倍量的无水乙醇混匀后超声60 min, 3 500 g离心10 min, 取上清液。合并2次上清液, 真空干燥器中干燥。残留物加入二甲基亚砜(DMSO) 溶解, 配成浓度为0.4 g·mL-1 (含五味子酯甲20 mmol·L-1) 的五酯片提取物储备液, -80 ℃保存。
仪器设备     SHA-C型恒温水浴振荡器(金坛市富华仪器有限公司); 5417-R低温高速离心机(德国Eppendorf公司); Surveyor高效液相-质谱联用仪(美国Finnigan公司)。
孵育体系     孵育体系总体积200 μL, 反应体系中包含NADPH (1 mmol·L-1), rhCYP3A4 (12.5 pmol·mL-1, BD Biosciences, 美国) 及rhCYP3A5 (12.5 pmol·mL-1, BD Biosciences, 美国), 磷酸盐缓冲液(0.1 mol·L-1, pH 7.4) 及咪达唑仑。咪达唑仑用适量的DMSO配制成浓度为20 mmol·L-1的母液, 五酯片提取物母液见“五酯片提取物配制”项所示; 反应体系中有机溶剂的含量小于0.5%。反应在37 ℃水浴中进行, 预孵育5 min, 加入NADPH或咪达唑仑启动反应, 反应后加冰叔丁基甲醚-二氯甲烷(3∶1) 1 mL终止反应。按已建立的咪达唑仑的LC-MS/MS方法[25], 将样本处理后进样分析。以咪达唑仑的代谢物1-羟基咪达唑仑的生成速率表示CYP3A的酶活性。
五酯片提取物对rhCYP3A4及rhCYP3A5活性的抑制作用     首先考察五酯片提取物对rhCYP3A4及rhCYP3A5活性抑制作用, 初步确定五酯片提取物是否为CYP3A强抑制剂。具体操作如下: 取rhCYP3A4 (12.5 pmol·mL-1) 或rhCYP3A5 (12.5 pmol·mL-1), 加入2、20、200 μg·mL-1的五酯片提取物(分别含0.1、1、10 μmol·L-1五味子酯甲) 及20 μL咪达唑仑(终浓度为5 μmol·L-1), 阴性对照用等量的溶剂代替。上述孵育体系在37 ℃水浴中预孵5 min, 加入NADPH (终浓度1 mmol·L-1) 启动反应。继续孵育5 min后, 加入冰叔丁基甲醚-二氯甲烷(3∶1) 1 mL终止反应。按已建立的咪达唑仑的LC-MS/MS方法[25], 将样本处理后进样分析。以咪达唑仑的代谢产物1-羟基咪达唑仑的生成速率表示CYP3A的酶活性。
五酯片提取物对rhCYP3A4及rhCYP3A5活性的作用特征及机制
NADPH依赖性实验     为了阐明五酯片提取物对CYP3A活性的抑制特征, 考察其对CYP3A活性的抑制作用是否存在NADPH依赖性, 设计了以下两组实验。一组只加五酯片提取物但不加NADPH预孵育, 具体操作如下: 分别取rhCYP3A4 (12.5 pmol·mL-1) 或rhCYP3A5 (12.5 pmol·mL-1), 加入10 μL系列浓度的五酯片提取物(终质量浓度0.625、1.25、2.5、5、10、20 μg·mL-1) 或酮康唑(CYP3A可逆性抑制剂, 终浓度0.625、1.25、2.5、5、10 μmol·L-1)、20 μL咪达唑仑(终浓度5 μmol·L-1), 37 ℃预孵育5 min后, 加入NADPH (终浓度1 mmol·L-1) 启动反应。另一组实验则是加入NADPH与五酯片提取物共同预孵育, 具体操作如下: 分别取rhCYP3A4 (12.5 pmol·mL-1) 或rhCYP3A5 (12.5 pmol·mL-1), 加入10 μL系列浓度的五酯片提取物(终质量浓度分别为0.625、1.25、2.5、5、10、20 μg·mL-1) 或酮康唑(终浓度分别为0.625、1.25、2.5、5、10 μmol·L-1) 及20 μL NADPH (终浓度1 mmol·L-1), 37 ℃预孵育5 min后, 加入20 μL咪达唑仑(终浓度5 μmol·L-1) 启动反应。上述体系于37 ℃水浴箱中孵育5 min后, 加入冰叔丁基甲醚-二氯甲烷(3∶1) 1 mL终止反应, 按已建立好的生物样本中咪达唑仑的LC-MS/MS方法[25], 将样品处理后进样分析。通过GraphPad Prism 5.0软件sigmoidal dose-response模式, 求算出五酯片提取物对CYP3A4及CYP3A5的IC50值。对比加NADPH预孵育组(+NADPH) 及未加NADPH预孵育组(-NADPH) 的IC50值, 阐明五酯片提取物对CYP3A4及CYP3A5活性的抑制作用是否存在NADPH依赖性。
时间及浓度依赖性实验(抑制动力学参数)     为了考察五酯片提取物对于CYP3A活性的抑制作用是否为时间和浓度依赖性, 设计了以下实验。分别取rhCYP3A4 (12.5 pmol·mL-1) 或rhCYP3A5 (12.5 pmol·mL-1), 加入10 μL系列浓度的五酯片提取物(终质量浓度0.625、1.25、2.5、5、10、20 μg·mL-1) 或酮康唑(终浓度分别为0.625、1.25、2.5、5、10 μmol·L-1) 及20 μL NADPH (终浓度1 mmol·L-1)。分别在37 ℃预孵育0、5、15、30 min后, 加入20 μL咪达唑仑(终浓度5 μmol·L-1) 启动反应。37 ℃水浴箱中孵育5 min后, 加入冰叔丁基甲醚-二氯甲烷(3∶1) 1 mL终止反应, 按已建立好的生物样本中咪达唑仑的LC-MS/MS方法[25], 将样品处理后进样分析, 计算五酯片提取物对CYP3A4及CYP3A5活性的抑制动力学参数。
抑制动力学参数计算按照Waley[26]及Silverman[27]的方法, 参数包括导致酶失活为最高酶失活率一半时的抑制剂浓度(KI)、最大失活速率常数(kinact)、酶失活最初速率常数(kobs) 和酶分子一半失活所需时间(t1/2)。其中kobs为不同预孵育时间点的“剩余酶活性”对数值之差与预孵育时间进行线性回归所得方程的斜率。由方程kobs = kinact[I]/(KI+[I]) 计算其他参数, 其中[I] 代表抑制剂的最初浓度。酶分子一半失活所需时间t1/2 = ln2/kinact
透析实验     通过考察经五酯片提取物预处理过的rhCYP3A4及rhCYP3A5在透析前后CYP3A酶活性的变化来考察五酯片提取物与CYP3A酶结合是否可逆、是否牢固。实验具体操作: 取1 mL的rhCYP3A4 (12.5 pmol·mL-1) 或rhCYP3A5 (12.5 pmol·mL-1) 数份, 分别加入五酯片提取物(终浓度10 μg·mL-1) 或酮康唑(2 μmol·L-1) 或同体积的溶剂(n = 4), 加入NADPH (终浓度1 mmol·L-1), 置37 ℃水浴箱中预孵育15 min。之后, 将上述各处理组的孵育样品平均分成两组, 并进行以下处理: 将其中一组rhCYP3A4或rhCYP3A5孵育液按每管200 μL转移至1.5 mL EP管中, 每管分别加入10 μL咪达唑仑(终浓度5 μmol·L-1), 继续孵育5 min后, 加入冰叔丁基甲醚-二氯甲烷(3∶1) 1 mL终止反应, 以测定透析前rhCYP3A4及rhCYP3A5活性。将另一组rhCYP3A4或rhCYP3A5孵育液转移至透析袋中, 用透析袋专用夹子将透析袋夹紧后放入装有2 L磷酸盐缓冲液的玻璃烧杯中, 4 ℃下轻轻搅拌, 每5~6 h更换新的磷酸盐缓冲液一次。16 h后, 将透析后的rhCYP3A4及rhCYP3A5按每管200 μL转移至1.5 mL EP管中, 每管分别加入10 μL咪达唑仑(终浓度5 μmol·L-1)。于37 ℃水浴箱中预孵育5 min, 加入20 μL NADPH (终浓度1 mmol·L-1) 启动反应, 继续孵育5 min后, 加入冰叔丁基甲醚-二氯甲烷(3∶1) 1 mL终止反应。重复上述实验。孵育液按已建立好的生物样本中咪达唑仑的LC-MS/MS方法[25], 将样品处理后进样分析。对比透析前和透析后各处理组1-羟基咪达唑仑的生成率, 以考察各处理组透析前后CYP3A的活性的变化。
采用五酯片提取物对咪达唑仑的代谢物1-羟基咪达唑仑的生成速率的抑制程度来表示其对rhCYP3A4、rhCYP3A5酶活性的抑制作用强弱, 结果见图 1。2 μg·mL-1的五酯片提取物对rhCYP3A4、rhCYP3A5组酶活性有很强的抑制作用, 五酯片提取物浓度越高, 其对rhCYP3A4、rhCYP3A5酶活性的抑制作用越强。
结果表明(表 1): 加入NADPH预孵育后, 五酯片提取物对rhCYP3A4的IC50从5.2 μg·mL-1下降至2.4 μg·mL-1, 而酮康唑对rhCYP3A4的IC50分别为0.98和1.16 μmol·L-1。同样的, 加入NADPH预孵育后, 五酯片提取物对rhCYP3A5的IC50从3.8 μg·mL-1下降至1.9 μg·mL-1, 而酮康唑对rhCYP3A5的IC50分别为1.91和1.85 μmol·L-1
加入NADPH预孵育后, 五酯片提取物对rhCYP3A4、rhCYP3A5的IC50值较未加NADPH预孵育组的IC50显著降低, 而CYP3A的可逆性抑制剂酮康唑对rhCYP3A4、rhCYP3A5的IC50值与未加NADPH预孵育组的IC50相近。提示五酯片提取物对rhCYP3A4、rhCYP3A5活性的抑制作用存在NADPH依赖性, 而CYP3A的可逆性抑制剂酮康唑对rhCYP3A4、rhCYP3A5活性的抑制作用不存在NADPH依赖性。
此外, 未加NADPH及加NADPH预孵育时, 五酯片提取物对CYP3A4及CYP3A5的IC50比值(IC50, CYP3A4/ IC50, CYP3A5) 分别为1.37和1.24; 相应的, 酮康唑对CYP3A4及CYP3A5的IC50比值(IC50, CYP3A4/IC50, CYP3A5) 分别为0.51和0.63。结果提示, 五酯片提取物对CYP3A5的抑制作用比CYP3A4稍强, 而酮康唑则刚好相反, 其对CYP3A5的抑制作用要比CYP3A4弱。
五酯片提取物对rhCYP3A4及rhCYP3A5活性抑制作用的时间及浓度依赖性实验结果见表 23图 23
五酯片提取物、酮康唑在rhCYP3A4孵育体系中预孵育0、5、15、30 min后(表 2, 图 2), 五酯片提取物对rhCYP3A4的IC50分别为5.2、2.4、2.2、2.2 μg·mL-1; 酮康唑对rhCYP3A4的IC50分别为0.98、1.16、0.95、1.05 μmol·L-1。同样的, 五酯片提取物、酮康唑在rhCYP3A5孵育体系中预孵育0、5、15、30 min后, 五酯片提取物对rhCYP3A5的IC50分别为3.8、1.9、0.6、0.6 μg·mL-1; 酮康唑对rhCYP3A5的IC50分别为1.91、1.85、1.84、1.87 μmol·L-1。随着预孵育时间及抑制剂浓度的增加, 五酯片提取物对rhCYP3A4、rhCYP3A5活性的抑制作用愈强; 但CYP3A的可逆性抑制剂酮康唑对rhCYP3A4、rhCYP3A5活性的抑制作用并未随着预孵育时间的变化而变化。提示五酯片提取物对rhCYP3A4、rhCYP3A5活性的抑制作用呈时间及浓度依赖性, 而CYP3A的可逆性抑制剂酮康唑对rhCYP3A4、rhCYP3A5活性的抑制并不存在这种特性。
五酯片提取物对rhCYP3A4、rhCYP3A5活性的抑制动力学参数见表 3图 3。结果如下: 五酯片提取物对rhCYP3A4的kinactKIt1/2分别为0.075 3 min-1、3.63 μg·mL-1、9.20 min。而五酯片提取物对rhCYP3A5的kinactKIt1/2分别为0.101 min-1、1.05 μg·mL-1、6.86 min。
为了解五酯片提取物对rhCYP3A4、rhCYP3A5活性的抑制作用是否可逆, 本课题组进一步考察了五酯片提取物加入及未加入NADPH预孵育15 min, 在4 ℃透析16 h后对rhCYP3A4、rhCYP3A5活性的影响, 而CYP3A可逆性抑制剂酮康唑作为可逆性抑制剂的阳性对照, 结果见表 4图 4
透析前, 五酯片提取物、酮康唑对rhCYP3A4的活性分别相当于空白对照组的百分比(%): 4.9 ± 0.4、1.8 ± 0.3。而透析后, 五酯片提取物、酮康唑对rhCYP3A4的活性分别相当于空白对照组的百分比(%): 24.1 ± 0.7、89.6 ± 3.6。同样的, 透析前, 五酯片提取物、酮康唑对rhCYP3A5的活性分别相当于空白对照组的百分比(%): 9.8 ± 0.4、19.3 ± 2.3。而透析后, 五酯片提取物、酮康唑对rhCYP3A5的活性分别相当于空白对照组的百分比(%): 47.3 ± 9.1、95.3 ± 14.7。
上述结果表明五酯片提取物对rhCYP3A4及rhCYP3A5的抑制作用不能通过透析完全消除; 而CYP3A的可逆性抑制剂酮康唑对rhCYP3A4及rhCYP3A5的抑制作用则可以通过透析基本得以消除; 提示五酯片提取物与rhCYP3A4及rhCYP3A5的结合比较牢固, 不易解离。
由于CYP3A代谢酶在药物代谢中的重要作用(约60%临床使用药物经CYP3A代谢) 及其底物的广泛性[1-3], CYP3A介导的药物相互作用特别是中草药-西药药物相互作用得到了越来越广泛的关注。尽管CYP3A4和CYP3A5在氨基酸序列上及底物上高度同源性、高度重叠, 但它们在催化性能和抑制活性方面都存在差异[4-6]。然而, 有关中草药对CYP3A4和CYP3A5的抑制作用差异的研究很少。因此, 确定中成药单方制剂五酯片对CYP3A4和CYP3A5的抑制作用, 将有助于预测不良的五酯片-西药药物相互作用。
本实验孵育时间、蛋白浓度及底物咪达唑仑的浓度均通过实验优化所得。咪达唑仑与人重组酶在37 ℃水浴孵育不同的时间(1~30 min), 考察代谢物(1-羟基咪达唑仑) 的生成量与孵育时间的关系。结果表明, 在1~20 min内咪达唑仑呈线性消除(相关系数为0.98), 故选择5 min为最佳孵育时间。此外, 本课题组考察1-羟基咪达唑仑的生成量与人重组酶蛋白浓度(2.5~100 pmol·mL-1) 的关系。结果表明, 在2.5~100 pmol·mL-1浓度内, 随着蛋白浓度的增加, 咪达唑仑的消除呈线性增加(相关系数: rhCYP3A4, 0.999; rhCYP3A5, 0.999); 故选定12.5 pmol·mL-1作为rhCYP3A4及rhCYP3A5为最佳孵育蛋白浓度。另外, 本课题组考察不同浓度的咪达唑仑(0.5~100 μmol·L-1) 在人重组酶体系中与代谢物生成量的关系, 结果表明, 在0.5~5 μmol·L-1范围内, 随着底物咪达唑仑浓度的增加, 代谢物的生成呈线性增加(相关系数如下: rhCYP3A4, 0.97; rhCYP3A5, 0.95)。对于rhCYP3A4及rhCYP3A5, 咪达唑仑的Km值分别为7.45、4.93 μmol·L-1; 综合考虑, 选定5 μmol·L-1为孵育实验中底物的最佳浓度。
本研究表明五酯片提取物对rhCYP3A4及rhCYP3A5活性的抑制作用均存在NADPH、预孵育时间及浓度依赖性。加入NADPH预孵育5 min后, 五酯片提取物对CYP3A4及CYP3A5的IC50均下降到未加NADPH预孵育时的1/2左右, 提示五酯片提取物对CYP3A4及CYP3A5的抑制作用存在NADPH依赖性。在NADPH存在的情况下, 五酯片提取物对rhCYP3A4及rhCYP3A5中咪达唑仑1-羟基化活性的抑制作用随预孵育时间而增强。这与之前报道五味子酯甲、五味子醇乙对人肝微粒体CYP3A活性的抑制作用呈时间和浓度依赖性[22, 23]结果相似。此外, 这也与本课题组之前的体内实验结果一致, 五酯片升高大鼠体内他克莫司(CYP3A底物) 血药浓度存在时间和剂量依赖性[28]
五酯片提取物使rhCYP3A4及rhCYP3A5活性下降一半所需时间(t1/2) 分别为9.20和6.86 min, 表明五酯片提取物对CYP3A4及CYP3A5酶活性的抑制作用非常快。五酯片提取物对CYP3A4及CYP3A5活性的抑制作用不能通过透析消除, 提示五酯片提取物与CYP3A4及CYP3A5酶形成了牢固的灭活复合物; 而对照酮康唑对CYP3A4及CYP3A5活性的抑制作用并不存在NADPH及预孵育时间依赖性, 其对CYP3A活性的抑制作用可通过透析得以恢复。上述结果提示五酯片提取物对CYP3A4及CYP3A5活性的抑制机制有别于CYP3A可逆性、竞争性抑制剂酮康唑, 以一种不可逆性机制抑制CYP3A4及CYP3A5活性。基于五酯片对CYP3A的抑制特征, 若五酯片和CYP3A底物药物合用, 其对这些CYP3A底物药物药动学的影响短期内很难消除, 因此要警惕五酯片和CYP3A底物药物的相互作用。
本课题组之前的研究表明单次灌胃给与临床剂量相当的250 mg·kg-1五酯片0.25 h后, 大鼠肝脏中五味子酯甲的含量为0.50 ± 0.27 μmol·L-1 [29], 远高于五酯片提取物对CYP3A4的IC50 (2.2~5.2 μg·mL-1, 含五味子酯甲0.11~0.26 μmol·L-1)、CYP3A5的IC50值(0.6~3.8 μg·mL-1, 含五味子酯甲0.031~0.19 μmol·L-1), 提示五酯片与CYP3A底物药物间发生药物互作用的可能性很高。此外, 五酯片提取物对CYP3A4的kinact值(0.075 3 min-1) 较其对CYP3A5的kinact值(0.101 min-1) 小, 而其对CYP3A4的KI值较其对CYP3A5的KI值大, 提示五酯片提取物对CYP3A4及CYP3A5活性的抑制作用存在差异(表 3)。在NADPH存在的前提下, 预孵育0、5、15、30 min, 对应的IC50比值(IC50, CYP3A4/ IC50, CYP3A5) 分别为1.37、1.26、3.67、3.67, 提示五酯片提取物对CYP3A5的抑制作用稍强于其对CYP3A4的抑制作用。而经典的CYP3A竞争性可逆性抑制剂酮康唑, 在不同预孵育时间, 其对CYP3A4、CYP3A5的IC50比值(IC50, CYP3A4/IC50, CYP3A5) 基本不变, 维持在0.5~0.6左右, 与已发表的文献[30]相似, 其对CYP3A4的抑制作用要强于其对CYP3A5的抑制作用。我国学者报道五味子酯甲及gomisin G抑制CYP3A4及CYP3A5中咪达唑仑的代谢存在差异, 五味子酯甲对CYP3A4的抑制作用要强于其对CYP3A5的抑制作用; 而gomisin G对CYP3A4的抑制作用要弱于其对CYP3A5的抑制作用[24]。可见, 虽然同为CYP3A抑制剂或同类化合物, 但其对CYP3A4、CYP3A5活性的抑制作用均可能存在差异, 而这些差异有可能在临床上进一步放大。因此, 一定要警惕化合物或中草药对CYP3A4、CYP3A5活性抑制作用差异, 避免不必要的不良反应。
总而言之, 本研究表明五酯片提取物对CYP3A4及CYP3A5活性的抑制作用存在NADPH、预孵育时间及浓度依赖性; 其与CYP3A4及CYP3A5的结合比较牢固, 不能通过透析来消除; 此外, 其对CYP3A5的抑制作用稍强于其对CYP3A4的抑制作用。临床上合用五酯片时, 要警惕由此引起的中草药-西药药物相互作用。
作者贡献: 覃小玲负责进行实验实施、数据收集和结果分析; 段文海和李嘉丽参与实验实施; 覃小玲负责撰写、修改文章; 毕惠嫦和黄民负责指导整个实验实施及指导文章的撰写和修改。
利益冲突: 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
  • 广东省中医药局科研项目(20221283)
  • 广东省普通高校特色创新类项目(2021KTSCX243)
  • 广东食品药品职业学院自然科学项目(2021ZR01)
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2022年第57卷第8期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0651
  • 接收时间:2022-05-26
  • 首发时间:2025-12-23
  • 出版时间:2022-08-12
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  • 收稿日期:2022-05-26
  • 修回日期:2022-06-18
基金
广东省中医药局科研项目(20221283)
广东省普通高校特色创新类项目(2021KTSCX243)
广东食品药品职业学院自然科学项目(2021ZR01)
作者信息
    1.广东食品药品职业学院, 广东 广州 510520
    2.中山大学药学院, 广东 广州 510006
    3.南方医科大学药学院, 广东 广州 510515

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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