Article(id=1210148021535379816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210148010437243088, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0359, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1648396800000, receivedDateStr=2022-03-28, revisedDate=1653408000000, revisedDateStr=2022-05-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766451371797, onlineDateStr=2025-12-23, pubDate=1660233600000, pubDateStr=2022-08-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766451371797, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766451371797, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766451371797, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1210148010437243088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2022', volume='57', issue='8', pageStart='2245', pageEnd='2556', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766451369151, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766451533022, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210148697808179705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210148010437243088, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210148697808179706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210148010437243088, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2435, endPage=2444, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1210148022076445069, articleId=1210148021535379816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Bioaccessibility analysis of active components in Salvia miltiorrhiza, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this study, a method for simultaneous quantitative analysis of 6 salvianolic acids and 4 tanshinones in extracts of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma was established by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). The semi-biomimetic method was applied to simulate digestion process in vitro, to explore the digestion and transport characters of oral administration through the gastrointestinal tract, and to explain the content ratio changes and bioaccessibility of active ingredients in Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. The results showed that the 10 index components have a good linear relationship in the corresponding concentration range, and the average recovery rate was 91.35% to 105.65%. After simulated digestion in vitro, types of chemical composition in simulated gastric fluid and simulated intestinal fluid digested extracts of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma did not change significantly. While the content ratio of salvianolic acid B and rosmarinic acid decreased, and the content ratio of protocatechuic aldehyde and danshensu increased. In the simulated gastric fluid digestion extract of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, the order of bioaccessibility was: danshensu (50.19%) > salvianolic acid B (33.44%) > lithospermic acid (27.34%) > salvianolic acid A (21.71%) > rosmarinic acid (12.31%). In the simulated intestinal fluid digestion extract of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, the order of bioaccessibility was: 15, 16-dihydrotanshinone Ⅰ (5.45%) > tanshinone Ⅰ (3.67%) > cryptotanshinone (3.29%) > tanshinone ⅡA (3.01%) > salvianolic acid A (2.39%) > lithospermic acid (1.57%) > salvianolic acid B (1.02%) > danshensu (0.41%) > rosmarinic acid (0.34%). In conclusion, the UHPLC method established in this study can be applied for accurately and sensitively detecting the contents of 6 salvianolic acids and 4 tanshinones in Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. The results of semi-biomimetic extraction showed that not all components were extracted with simulated gastric fluid and simulated intestinal fluid, especially rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B. Therefore, in the quality study of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and its extract, bioavailability should be considered at the same time when select quality markers and determine their content limits.

, correspAuthors=Yuan-yuan XIE, Shu-mei WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2022 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Li LAI, Zheng-yang JIANG, Yu-peng FENG, Guo-an LUO, Yuan-yuan XIE, Shu-mei WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1210148023544451584, articleId=1210148021535379816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=丹参活性成分生物可及性分析, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究采用超高效液相色谱(UHPLC) 建立丹参中6个丹参酚酸类和4个丹参酮类成分同时定量分析的方法; 采用半仿生方法对丹参进行体外模拟消化, 探讨口服给药经胃肠消化转运过程中丹参有效成分含量比例的变化和生物可及性。结果表明, 10个指标成分在相应浓度范围内均具有良好的线性关系, 平均回收率在91.35%~105.65%; 经过体外模拟消化后, 丹参人工胃、肠液消化提取物化学成分种类无明显变化, 丹酚酸B和迷迭香酸含量比例降低, 原儿茶醛和丹参素的含量比例增加; 在模拟胃液消化过程中, 生物可及性由大到小依次为: 丹参素(50.19%) > 丹酚酸B (33.44%) > 紫草酸(27.34%) > 丹酚酸A (21.71%) > 迷迭香酸(12.31%); 在模拟肠液消化过程中, 生物可及性由大到小依次为: 15, 16-二氢丹参酮Ⅰ (5.45%) > 丹参酮Ⅰ (3.67%) > 隐丹参酮(3.29%) > 丹参酮ⅡA (3.01%) > 丹酚酸A (2.39%) > 紫草酸(1.57%) > 丹酚酸B (1.02%) > 丹参素(0.41%) > 迷迭香酸(0.34%)。综上, 本研究建立的UHPLC方法能准确、灵敏地同时测定丹参药材及提取物中6个丹参酚酸类和4个丹参酮类成分的含量, 半仿生提取生物可及性研究结果表明在胃、肠液的作用下, 丹参中并非所有成分均被消化, 特别是迷迭香酸和丹酚酸B。因此, 在丹参药材及其提取物质量研究中, 质量标志物的选择及含量限度的确定均需同时考虑生物可及性。

, correspAuthors=谢媛媛, 王淑美, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*王淑美, Tel: 18922395989, E-mail: ;
谢媛媛, Tel: 13902294350, E-mail:
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Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210148024194568785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148021535379816, companyId=1210148024181985871, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.清华大学化学系, 北京 100084)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1210148028556645285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148021535379816, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=v1AOZ2vOnSpGY8fODPVBEg==, figureFileBig=dxNEjBfenjq67MbHbZopoA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148028686668717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148021535379816, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= UHPLC chromatograms of mixed standard solution (A), blank solvent (B), total phenolic acid extract (C) and tanshinone extract (D). 1: Danshensu; 2: Protocatechualdehyde; 3: Rosmarinic acid; 4: Lithospermic acid; 5: Salvianolic acid B; 6: Salvianolic acid A; 7: 15, 16-Dihydrotanshinone Ⅰ; 8: Cryptotanshinone; 9: Tanshinone Ⅰ; 10: Tanshinone ⅡA , figureFileSmall=v1AOZ2vOnSpGY8fODPVBEg==, figureFileBig=dxNEjBfenjq67MbHbZopoA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148030083371970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148021535379816, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=7oGw2HeJzZZ+xymc1M5EXw==, figureFileBig=rlBThqtVnxraOQn2h3JxCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148030175646664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148021535379816, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Clustering heat map upon the content of 10 active ingredients in 15 batches of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. D1-D15 are sample numbers; DSS: Danshensu; PROH: Protocatechualdehyde; ROS: Rosmarinic acid; LIT: Lithospermic acid; SAB: Salvianolic acid B; SAA: Salvianolic acid A; DII: 15, 16-Dihydrotanshinone Ⅰ; CRY: Cryptotanshinone; TANI: Tanshinone Ⅰ; TANIIA: Tanshinone ⅡA , figureFileSmall=7oGw2HeJzZZ+xymc1M5EXw==, figureFileBig=rlBThqtVnxraOQn2h3JxCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148030259532754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148021535379816, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=qdDSg2upS6SXnOtVkWALJg==, figureFileBig=iPzKt5kulaVj1Pf652FxEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148030368584668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148021535379816, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= The content and content ratio of each index component of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. 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Sample No.Batch No.TypeProduction area/Origin
D118-ds-tsl-001Crude drugsHebei
D218-ds-tsl-002Crude drugsHebei
D318-ds-tsl-003Crude drugsHebei
D418-ds-tsl-004Crude drugsHebei
D518-ds-tsl-005Crude drugsHebei
D619-ds-tsl-006Crude drugsHebei
D719-ds-tsl-007Crude drugsHebei
D819-ds-tsl-008Crude drugsHebei
D919-ds-tsl-009Crude drugsHebei
D1019-ds-tsl-010Crude drugsHebei
D1119-ds-tsl-011Crude drugsHebei
D121910-ds-sxhz-01Crude drugsShanxi
D131910-ds-sxhz-03Crude drugsShanxi
D14190700231Decoction piecesKangmei pharmaceutical
D15190703651Decoction piecesKangmei pharmaceutical
), ArticleFig(id=1210148031018700820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148021535379816, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

The source of samples

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Sample No.Batch No.TypeProduction area/Origin
D118-ds-tsl-001Crude drugsHebei
D218-ds-tsl-002Crude drugsHebei
D318-ds-tsl-003Crude drugsHebei
D418-ds-tsl-004Crude drugsHebei
D518-ds-tsl-005Crude drugsHebei
D619-ds-tsl-006Crude drugsHebei
D719-ds-tsl-007Crude drugsHebei
D819-ds-tsl-008Crude drugsHebei
D919-ds-tsl-009Crude drugsHebei
D1019-ds-tsl-010Crude drugsHebei
D1119-ds-tsl-011Crude drugsHebei
D121910-ds-sxhz-01Crude drugsShanxi
D131910-ds-sxhz-03Crude drugsShanxi
D14190700231Decoction piecesKangmei pharmaceutical
D15190703651Decoction piecesKangmei pharmaceutical
), ArticleFig(id=1210148031278747677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148021535379816, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
AnalyteCalibration curverLinear range/μg·mL-1
DanshensuY = 0.041 5 X - 0.000 80.999 90.500 9-50.09
ProtocatechualdehydeY = 0.175 8 X - 0.003 80.999 90.075 0-15.08
Rosmarinic acidY = 0.108 3 X + 0.010 30.999 80.251 6-50.31
Lithospermic acidY = 0.071 0 X - 0.011 40.999 90.401 0-80.19
Salvianolic acid BY = 0.062 6 X - 0.030 20.999 90.999 5-199.9
Salvianolic acid AY = 0.149 7 X - 0.009 00.999 90.099 9-19.99
15, 16-Dihydrotanshinone ⅠY = 0.241 6 X - 0.132 80.999 80.250 3-100.1
CryptotanshinoneY = 0.095 0 X - 0.040 80.999 80.249 9-99.98
Tanshinone ⅠY = 0.212 6 X - 0.098 40.999 80.250 2-100.1
Tanshinone ⅡAY = 0.134 6 X - 0.091 70.999 80.751 1-150.2
), ArticleFig(id=1210148031383605281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148021535379816, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=

Linear relations of 10 index components of Salvia miltiorrhiza

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AnalyteCalibration curverLinear range/μg·mL-1
DanshensuY = 0.041 5 X - 0.000 80.999 90.500 9-50.09
ProtocatechualdehydeY = 0.175 8 X - 0.003 80.999 90.075 0-15.08
Rosmarinic acidY = 0.108 3 X + 0.010 30.999 80.251 6-50.31
Lithospermic acidY = 0.071 0 X - 0.011 40.999 90.401 0-80.19
Salvianolic acid BY = 0.062 6 X - 0.030 20.999 90.999 5-199.9
Salvianolic acid AY = 0.149 7 X - 0.009 00.999 90.099 9-19.99
15, 16-Dihydrotanshinone ⅠY = 0.241 6 X - 0.132 80.999 80.250 3-100.1
CryptotanshinoneY = 0.095 0 X - 0.040 80.999 80.249 9-99.98
Tanshinone ⅠY = 0.212 6 X - 0.098 40.999 80.250 2-100.1
Tanshinone ⅡAY = 0.134 6 X - 0.091 70.999 80.751 1-150.2
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丹参活性成分生物可及性分析
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赖莉 1, 2, 3 , 蒋正阳 1, 2, 3 , 冯宇鹏 1, 2, 3 , 罗国安 4 , 谢媛媛 1, 2, 3, * , 王淑美 1, 2, 3, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2022,57(8): 2435-2444
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2022, 57(8): 2435-2444
丹参活性成分生物可及性分析
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赖莉1, 2, 3, 蒋正阳1, 2, 3, 冯宇鹏1, 2, 3, 罗国安4, 谢媛媛1, 2, 3, * , 王淑美1, 2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1.广东药科大学, 广东 广州 510006
  • 2.广东省中药质量工程技术研究中心, 广东 广州 510006
  • 3.国家中医药管理局中药数字化质量评价技术重点研究室, 广东 广州 510006
  • 4.清华大学化学系, 北京 100084

通讯作者:

*王淑美, Tel: 18922395989, E-mail: ;
谢媛媛, Tel: 13902294350, E-mail:
Bioaccessibility analysis of active components in Salvia miltiorrhiza
Li LAI1, 2, 3, Zheng-yang JIANG1, 2, 3, Yu-peng FENG1, 2, 3, Guo-an LUO4, Yuan-yuan XIE1, 2, 3, * , Shu-mei WANG1, 2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1. College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
  • 2. Guangdong Research Center for Quality Engineering Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
  • 3. Key Laboratory of Digitalized Quality Evaluation Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
  • 4. Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
出版时间: 2022-08-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0359
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本研究采用超高效液相色谱(UHPLC) 建立丹参中6个丹参酚酸类和4个丹参酮类成分同时定量分析的方法; 采用半仿生方法对丹参进行体外模拟消化, 探讨口服给药经胃肠消化转运过程中丹参有效成分含量比例的变化和生物可及性。结果表明, 10个指标成分在相应浓度范围内均具有良好的线性关系, 平均回收率在91.35%~105.65%; 经过体外模拟消化后, 丹参人工胃、肠液消化提取物化学成分种类无明显变化, 丹酚酸B和迷迭香酸含量比例降低, 原儿茶醛和丹参素的含量比例增加; 在模拟胃液消化过程中, 生物可及性由大到小依次为: 丹参素(50.19%) > 丹酚酸B (33.44%) > 紫草酸(27.34%) > 丹酚酸A (21.71%) > 迷迭香酸(12.31%); 在模拟肠液消化过程中, 生物可及性由大到小依次为: 15, 16-二氢丹参酮Ⅰ (5.45%) > 丹参酮Ⅰ (3.67%) > 隐丹参酮(3.29%) > 丹参酮ⅡA (3.01%) > 丹酚酸A (2.39%) > 紫草酸(1.57%) > 丹酚酸B (1.02%) > 丹参素(0.41%) > 迷迭香酸(0.34%)。综上, 本研究建立的UHPLC方法能准确、灵敏地同时测定丹参药材及提取物中6个丹参酚酸类和4个丹参酮类成分的含量, 半仿生提取生物可及性研究结果表明在胃、肠液的作用下, 丹参中并非所有成分均被消化, 特别是迷迭香酸和丹酚酸B。因此, 在丹参药材及其提取物质量研究中, 质量标志物的选择及含量限度的确定均需同时考虑生物可及性。

丹参  /  多指标定量分析  /  质量评价  /  半仿生提取  /  生物可及性

In this study, a method for simultaneous quantitative analysis of 6 salvianolic acids and 4 tanshinones in extracts of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma was established by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). The semi-biomimetic method was applied to simulate digestion process in vitro, to explore the digestion and transport characters of oral administration through the gastrointestinal tract, and to explain the content ratio changes and bioaccessibility of active ingredients in Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. The results showed that the 10 index components have a good linear relationship in the corresponding concentration range, and the average recovery rate was 91.35% to 105.65%. After simulated digestion in vitro, types of chemical composition in simulated gastric fluid and simulated intestinal fluid digested extracts of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma did not change significantly. While the content ratio of salvianolic acid B and rosmarinic acid decreased, and the content ratio of protocatechuic aldehyde and danshensu increased. In the simulated gastric fluid digestion extract of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, the order of bioaccessibility was: danshensu (50.19%) > salvianolic acid B (33.44%) > lithospermic acid (27.34%) > salvianolic acid A (21.71%) > rosmarinic acid (12.31%). In the simulated intestinal fluid digestion extract of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, the order of bioaccessibility was: 15, 16-dihydrotanshinone Ⅰ (5.45%) > tanshinone Ⅰ (3.67%) > cryptotanshinone (3.29%) > tanshinone ⅡA (3.01%) > salvianolic acid A (2.39%) > lithospermic acid (1.57%) > salvianolic acid B (1.02%) > danshensu (0.41%) > rosmarinic acid (0.34%). In conclusion, the UHPLC method established in this study can be applied for accurately and sensitively detecting the contents of 6 salvianolic acids and 4 tanshinones in Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. The results of semi-biomimetic extraction showed that not all components were extracted with simulated gastric fluid and simulated intestinal fluid, especially rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B. Therefore, in the quality study of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and its extract, bioavailability should be considered at the same time when select quality markers and determine their content limits.

Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.  /  multi-index quantitative analysis  /  quality evaluation  /  semi-bionic extraction  /  bioaccessibility
赖莉, 蒋正阳, 冯宇鹏, 罗国安, 谢媛媛, 王淑美. 丹参活性成分生物可及性分析. 药学学报, 2022 , 57 (8) : 2435 -2444 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0359
Li LAI, Zheng-yang JIANG, Yu-peng FENG, Guo-an LUO, Yuan-yuan XIE, Shu-mei WANG. Bioaccessibility analysis of active components in Salvia miltiorrhiza[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2022 , 57 (8) : 2435 -2444 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0359
丹参为唇形科植物丹参Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.的干燥根和根茎, 始载于《神农本草经》 (东汉, 公元25~220年), 曰其“主心腹邪气, 肠鸣幽幽如走水, 寒热积聚, 破癥除瘕”[1]。丹参具有活血化瘀、凉血消肿、清心除烦等功效, 是活血化瘀的要药, 在临床上广泛用于心脑血管疾病的治疗[2, 3]。以丹参为主药的制剂, 如复方丹参片、复方丹参颗粒、复方丹参滴丸、丹红注射液、复方丹参注射液、丹参多酚酸注射液、丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠注射液、冠心丹参片等, 广泛用于动脉粥样硬化等心脑血管疾病的临床治疗, 占有很大的市场份额[4, 5]。因此, 丹参药材的质量关乎着药材、饮片的质量, 更关乎终产品各个中药复方制剂的质量、疗效与安全。
目前有关丹参有效成分及质量研究, 以含量较低的丹参酮类成分和含量较高的丹参酚酸类成分研究较多。2020版中国药典规定丹参药材中丹参酮ⅡA (C19H18O3)、隐丹参酮(C19H20O3) 和丹参酮Ⅰ (C18H12O3) 的总量不少于0.25%, 丹酚酸B (C26H30O16) 不得少于3.0%[6]。然而中药是一个多组分多靶点的复杂作用体系, 丹参素、原儿茶醛、迷迭香酸、紫草酸和丹酚酸A[7, 8]等丹参酚酸类成分和15, 16-二氢丹参酮Ⅰ[9]等丹参酮类成分均为不同产地、不同商品规格丹参药材的特征成分, 同样是丹参发挥活血化瘀的药效物质基础[10-14]
传统的中药质量标准研究, 一般都是采用化学试剂进行提取, 以提取到的指标成分含量作为评价供试品溶液制备方法优劣的指标[15]。事实上, 这些指标成分在体内经过胃肠消化酶消化后的产物才是其进一步吸收、代谢, 并发挥药效的物质基础。基于此, Zhang等[16]从生物药剂学的角度提出了一种“半仿生提取法”, 旨在将整体药物研究法与分子药物研究法相结合, 模拟口服药物经胃肠道消化转运的环境, 为经消化道给药的中药制剂设计的一种提取工艺。半仿生提取主要包括模拟胃消化和肠消化两个阶段, 提供胃肠消化所需的各种酶蛋白(胃蛋白酶、胰酶等)、pH值、消化时间等生理条件, 将中药材先置于酸性胃液中, 后移至弱碱性肠液进行提取[17, 18]。半仿生提取模拟药物在胃肠道的转运过程, 能充分发挥混合物成分的综合作用特点, 有利于以单体成分来控制提取物质量, 同时也符合体内药物代谢、发挥药效的过程[18]
本研究采用超高效液相色谱法, 以丹参为研究对象, 建立了同时测定6个丹参酚酸和4个丹参酮的多指标含量测定方法, 并进行方法学考察; 采用半仿生法模拟丹参口服给药经胃、肠消化转运的过程, 阐释丹参有效成分的含量比例变化及其生物可及性, 探讨丹参质量控制指标成分选择的合理性。
材料    本研究所用15批丹参药材均来源于河北、陕西等不同产区的丹参药材种植基地, 详细信息见表 1, 由上海市食品药品检验研究院提供, 经上海市食品药品检验研究院季申教授鉴定均为丹参(Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.) 的干燥根, 凭证标本储存于广东药科大学中药学院。
仪器与试剂    Thermo Ulti Mate 3000超高效液相色谱(配有LPG-3400SD二元液相泵、二极管阵列检测器, WPS-3000TRS自动进样器、在线脱气机、TCC-3200柱温箱) 和戴安U-3000变色龙工作站6.8 (Chromeleon 6.8, 美国赛默飞公司); KQE-300DE型超声波清洗器(昆山市超声仪器有限公司); SQP型十万分之一电子天平(德国赛多利斯科学仪器有限公司); BMB Free-17型台式高速冷冻离心机[博美科学仪器(广州) 有限公司]; EYELA N-1300旋转蒸发仪(配有EYELA CCA-1112A冷却水循环装置和EYELA DPE-1250型溶剂回收装置); JJ200B千分之一电子天平(上海垒固仪器有限公司); ST2100型pH计(济南光耀医疗设备有限公司); HNY-100B恒温培养振荡器(天津市欧诺仪器仪表有限公司)。
胃蛋白酶(LOT: 1071850100)、胆酸钠(C1254) 均购自西格玛奥德里奇(上海) 贸易有限公司; 胰酶(C10946301) 和乳酸(D812427) 均购自上海麦克林生化科技有限公司; 氢氧化钠、碳酸氢钠、柠檬酸钠、乙酸、磷酸二氢钾等为分析纯, 均购自天津市致远化学试剂有限公司; 苹果酸钠(S11103) 购自上海源叶生物科技有限公司; 色谱乙腈(OCEANPAK, 色谱纯) 和甲酸(F112034, Aladdin, 色谱纯) 均购自上海麦克林生化科技有限公司; 水为屈臣氏蒸馏水。
丹参素(CAS: 76822-21-4, 批号ST78460120)、原儿茶醛(CAS: 139-85-5, 批号ST03300120)、丹酚酸B (CAS: 121521-90-2, 批号RS00051020)、丹酚酸A (CAS: 96574-01-5, 批号ST05570120)、紫草酸(CAS: 28831-65-4, 批号ST13620120)、丹参酮Ⅰ (CAS: 568-73-0, 批号ST01450220)、15, 16-二氢丹参酮Ⅰ (CAS: 87205-99-0, 批号ST03930120)、隐丹参酮(CAS: 35825-57-1, 批号ST03260120) 均购自上海诗丹德生物技术有限公司; 迷迭香酸(CAS: 20283-92-5, 批号CHB180121) 和丹参酮ⅡA (CAS: 568-72-9, 批号CHB190305) 均购自成都克洛玛生物科技有限公司, 本研究所用对照品纯度均大于95%。
色谱条件    色谱柱: Agilent ZORBAX RRHD Eclipse Plus C18 (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm); 流动相: 乙腈(A) 0.4%甲酸-水(B), 梯度洗脱, 洗脱条件: 0~1 min, 5% A; 1~10 min, 5%→19% A; 10~14 min, 19% A; 14~18 min, 19%→25% A; 18~20 min, 25%→28% A; 20~22 min, 28% A; 22~26 min, 28%→45% A; 26~29 min, 45% A; 29~33 min, 45%→58% A; 33~40 min, 58%→63% A; 40~41 min, 63%→80% A; 41~42 min, 80%→5% A; 42~45 min, 5% A; 柱温为25 ℃; 检测波长为285 nm, 流速为0.4 mL·min-1, 进样量为2 μL。
对照品溶液的制备    分别取丹参素、原儿茶醛、迷迭香酸、紫草酸、丹酚酸B、丹酚酸A、15, 16-二氢丹参酮Ⅰ、隐丹参酮、丹参酮Ⅰ和丹参酮ⅡA适量, 精密称定, 以甲醇分别配制成每1 mL中含有各对照品分别为丹参素0.40 mg、原儿茶醛1.04 mg、迷迭香酸1.61 mg、紫草酸1.64 mg、丹酚酸B 2.04 mg、丹酚酸A 0.98 mg、15, 16-二氢丹参酮Ⅰ 0.44 mg、隐丹参酮1.08 mg、丹参酮Ⅰ 0.30 mg和丹参酮ⅡA 0.80 mg的对照品溶液, 置于4 ℃冰箱保存备用。
丹参提取物的制备
丹参总酚酸提取物    参照2020版中国药典“丹参总酚酸提取物”项下, 称取30 g不同批次丹参药材, 切成小段, 精密称定, 加入8倍量水于80 ℃加热回流提取2次, 合并提取液, 滤过, 滤液于60 ℃减压浓缩至相对密度为1.18~1.22 (50 ℃) 的清膏, 放冷, 加乙醇使含醇量为70%, 静置12 h, 取上清液, 减压回收乙醇。提取液置于-20 ℃冰箱冷冻12 h以上后进行冷冻干燥, 得丹参总酚酸提取物冻干粉, 用于方法学考察和多指标含量测定分析。
丹参酮提取物    参照2020版中国药典“丹参酮提取物”项下, 称取30 g不同批次丹参药材粗粉, 精密称定, 加入8倍量乙醇加热回流提取3次, 滤过, 合并滤液, 减压回收乙醇并浓缩成相对密度为1.30~1.35 (60 ℃) 稠膏, 用热水洗至洗液无色, 冷冻干燥, 得丹参酮提取物冻干粉, 用于方法学考察和多指标含量测定分析。
丹参半仿生提取物    人工胃、肠液配制方法参照PBET法[19]: 取胃蛋白酶1.25 g、柠檬酸钠0.5 g、苹果酸钠0.5 g、乳酸420 μL、乙酸500 μL, 加约800 mL水溶解, 用20%盐酸调节至pH 2.0, 加水稀释成1 000 mL, 即得人工胃液; 取0.5 g胰酶、1.75 g胆酸钠, 加约800 mL水溶解, 用氢氧化钠调节pH至7.0, 加水稀释成1 L, 即得人工肠液。取丹参药材粉末(过3号筛) 约10 g, 精密称定, 精密加入8倍量的人工胃液, 密塞, 在37 ℃恒温培养振荡器孵育3 h (100 r·min-1), 过滤, 收集丹参人工胃液消化液; 取经人工胃液消化后的药材残渣, 加入10 mL水, 用碳酸氢钠调节pH约等于7, 过滤, 取过滤后的药材残渣, 精密加入40倍量的人工肠液, 在37 ℃恒温培养振荡器孵育1 h (100 r·min-1), 过滤, 收集丹参人工肠液消化液; 取收集的丹参人工胃液消化液和丹参人工肠液消化液, 减压浓缩, 冷冻干燥, 得丹参半仿生提取物冻干粉, 用于多指标含量测定分析。
UHPLC测定用供试品溶液的制备
丹参药材供试品溶液制备    参照2020版中国药典“丹参”项下, 取丹参药材粉末(过3号筛) 约0.15 g, 精密称定, 置具塞锥形瓶中, 精密加入甲醇-水(8∶2) 混合溶液50 mL, 密塞, 称定重量, 超声处理(功率140 W, 频率42 kHz) 30 min, 放冷, 再称定重量, 用甲醇-水(8∶2) 混合溶液补足减失的重量, 摇匀, 滤过, 取续滤液, 即得丹参酚酸供试品溶液[6]。取丹参药材粉末(过3号筛) 约0.3 g, 精密称定, 置具塞锥形瓶中, 精密加入甲醇50 mL, 密塞, 称定重量, 超声处理(功率140 W, 频率42 kHz) 30 min, 放冷, 再称定重量, 用甲醇补足减失的重量, 摇匀, 滤过, 取续滤液, 即得丹参酮供试品溶液[6]
丹参总酚酸或丹参酮提取物供试品溶液制备    取丹参总酚酸提取物约5 mg, 精密称定, 置5 mL量瓶中, 加水使溶解并稀释至刻度, 摇匀, 滤过, 取续滤液, 即得丹参总酚酸提取物供试品溶液。取丹参酮提取物约5 mg, 精密称定, 置10 mL量瓶中, 加甲醇使溶解并稀释至刻度, 摇匀, 滤过, 取续滤液, 即得丹参酮提取物供试品溶液。
丹参半仿生提取物供试品溶液的制备    取丹参人工胃液消化提取物或丹参人工肠液消化提取物适量, 精密称定, 置5 mL量瓶中, 加入80%甲醇溶解并稀释至刻度, 摇匀, 过滤, 取续滤液, 制得质量浓度分别为2.5和4 mg·mL-1的丹参人工胃液消化提取物和丹参人工肠液消化提取物供试品溶液。
方法学考察
专属性    取混合对照品溶液、空白溶液、丹参总酚酸提取物和丹参酮提取物供试品溶液, 分别注入超高效液相色谱仪, 比较色谱图。
线性关系    精密吸取各对照品溶液适量置于量瓶中, 加甲醇稀释至刻度制得对照品混合溶液, 并加甲醇逐级稀释成5个不同浓度的混合对照品溶液, 按UHPLC-DAD色谱条件进样测定, 以对照品浓度(X) 为横坐标, 峰面积(Y) 为纵坐标, 进行线性回归, 计算线性回归方程及相关系数。
精密度    分别取D5批次丹参药材制得的丹参总酚酸提取物和丹参酮提取物, 按“丹参总酚酸或丹参酮提取物供试品溶液制备”项下方法制备供试品溶液, 按照UHPLC-DAD色谱条件连续进样6次, 记录10种指标成分的峰面积, 并计算同一供试品溶液连续进样6次的各指标成分峰面积的相对标准偏差(RSD) 值。
重复性    分别取D5批次丹参药材制得的丹参总酚酸提取物和丹参酮提取物, 按“丹参总酚酸或丹参酮提取物供试品溶液制备”项下方法平行制备6份供试品溶液, 按照UHPLC-DAD色谱条件测定10种指标成分的含量, 并计算RSD值。
稳定性    分别取D5批次丹参药材制得的丹参总酚酸提取物和丹参酮提取物, 按“丹参总酚酸或丹参酮提取物供试品溶液制备”项下方法制备供试品溶液, 分别于0、2、4、8、12、24 h进样2 μL进样分析, 记录10种指标成分的峰面积, 并计算放置24 h内供试品溶液中各指标成分峰面积的RSD值。
加样回收率    取D5批次丹参药材制得的丹参总酚酸提取物和丹参酮提取物各6份, 精密称定, 分别按样品-对照品(1∶1) 的比例加入一定量的各对照品, 按“丹参总酚酸或丹参酮提取物供试品溶液制备”项下方法制备供试品溶液, 按照UHPLC-DAD色谱条件进样分析, 计算各指标成分的加样回收率及RSD值。
丹参多指标成分含量测定
丹参药材的多指标成分含量测定    取丹参药材适量, 精密称定, 按“丹参药材供试品溶液制备”方法制备丹参药材供试品溶液, 按照UHPLC-DAD色谱条件进样分析, 测定丹参药材中10种指标成分的含量。
丹参总酚酸提取物和丹参酮提取物的多指标含量测定    取丹参总酚酸提取物或丹参酮提取物适量, 精密称定, 按“丹参总酚酸或丹参酮提取物供试品溶液制备”方法制备丹参提取物供试品溶液, 按照UHPLC-DAD色谱条件进样分析, 测定各丹参提取物中10种指标成分的含量。
丹参半仿生提取物的多指标含量测定    取丹参人工胃液消化提取物或人工肠液消化提取物适量, 精密称定, 按照“丹参半仿生提取物供试品溶液的制备”方法制备丹参半仿生提取物的供试品溶液, 按照UHPLC-DAD色谱条件进样分析, 对丹参半仿生提取物中10种指标成分进行含量测定, 计算它们的含量, 初步考察不同提取物中各指标成分含量比例的变化及物质转化情况; 丹参中各指标成分在模拟胃肠消化前后质量的变化, 反映了该成分经人工胃液、人工肠液消化后从丹参中释放出来的机体可吸收部分, 用生物可及性表示, 生物可及性(%) = Md/Ms, 其中Md指人工胃/肠液消化后各指标成分的质量, Ms指丹参药材中各指标成分的质量。本研究在测定丹参半仿生提取物中10种指标成分含量的基础上, 比较了它们的生物可及性。
测得丹参总酚酸提取物和丹参酮提取物等样品色谱图如图 1所示。空白溶液未出现与对照品及丹参提取物中10种待测成分保留时间相同的色谱峰, 表明空白溶液对10种待测成分均无干扰, 方法专属性良好。
10个指标成分的线性回归方程及相关系数见表 2, 各指标成分在相应浓度范围内均具有良好的线性关系。
同一供试品溶液, 连续进样6次, 丹参素、原儿茶醛、迷迭香酸、紫草酸、丹酚酸B、丹酚酸A、15, 16-二氢丹参酮Ⅰ、隐丹参酮、丹参酮Ⅰ和丹参酮ⅡA等10个色谱峰峰面积的RSD值(n = 6) 分别为1.16%、1.61%、0.72%、1.11%、0.43%、1.63%、1.27%、0.48%、0.31%、0.12%, 均小于2%, 表明仪器精密度良好。
取同一批次丹参总酚酸提取物和丹参酮提取物, 平行制备6份供试品溶液, 丹参素、原儿茶醛、迷迭香酸、紫草酸、丹酚酸B、丹酚酸A、15, 16-二氢丹参酮Ⅰ、隐丹参酮、丹参酮Ⅰ和丹参酮ⅡA平均含量的RSD (n = 6) 分别为0.90%、1.70%、1.77%、1.92%、1.92%、1.72%、1.39%、0.88%、0.90%、0.84%, 均小于2%, 表明供试品溶液制备方法重复性良好。
丹参总酚酸和丹参酮提取物供试品溶液在室温下放置24 h, 丹参素、原儿茶醛、迷迭香酸、紫草酸、丹酚酸B、丹酚酸A、15, 16-二氢丹参酮Ⅰ、隐丹参酮、丹参酮Ⅰ和丹参酮ⅡA等色谱峰峰面积的RSD (n = 6) 分别为0.74%、1.94%、0.32%、1.25%、0.16%、1.73%、0.44%、0.35%、0.34%、0.19%, 均小于2%, 表明供试品溶液在室温下放置24 h内的稳定性良好。
精密称取同一批次已知含量的丹参总酚酸(丹参酮) 提取物各6份, 按1∶1加入相应量的对照品, 计算丹参素、原儿茶醛、迷迭香酸、紫草酸、丹酚酸B、丹酚酸A、15, 16-二氢丹参酮Ⅰ、隐丹参酮、丹参酮Ⅰ和丹参酮ⅡA平均回收率(n = 6) 分别为102.13%、91.35%、105.65%、102.87%、97.29%、99.68%、97.52%、95.29%、92.54%、92.12%, 各物质RSD值分别为2.32%、4.74%、1.45%、2.50%、0.59%、3.45%、2.24%、2.95%、3.25%、2.31%, 均符合2020版中国药典分析方法验证指导原则相关要求, 结果表明所建立的分析方法准确性良好。
本研究中10个含量测定指标成分主要分为2类, 一类为丹参酚酸类成分, 包括丹参素、原儿茶醛、迷迭香酸、紫草酸、丹酚酸B和丹酚酸A, 另一类为丹参酮类成分, 包括15, 16-二氢丹参酮Ⅰ、隐丹参酮、丹参酮Ⅰ和丹参酮ⅡA。
丹参药材中, 丹酚酸B (C36H30O16) 含量在3.76%~8.21%之间, 均符合2020版中国药典丹参项下规定; 含丹参酮ⅡA (C19H18O3)、隐丹参酮(C19H20O3) 和丹参酮Ⅰ (C18H12O3) 的总量在0.09%~0.87%之间, 除D1、D4、D6、D7、D9和D11批次外均符合2020版中国药典丹参项下规定。
根据15批不同来源丹参药材/饮片中10种指标成分含量, 采用MetaboAnalyst 5.0进行系统聚类。结果表明(图 2), 陕西产D12和D13批次丹参药材由于丹参酚酸和丹参酮含量均比较高被聚为一类, 其3种丹参酮总量最高, 含量占比在0.84%~0.87%; D14和D15丹参饮片与河北产D2、D3、D5、D8、D10丹参药材被聚为一类, 它们中各指标成分含量中等; 以上各批次丹参药材中丹酚酸B和丹参酮总量均符合药典质量规定。河北产D4、D6、D7、D9、D11丹参药材中丹参酮含量比较低, D1批次丹参药材中丹参酚酸和丹参酮含量比较低亦被明显区分出来, 这6批次丹参药材质量未达到药典相关规定。
本研究测定了丹参人工胃液消化提取物和丹参总酚酸提取物中丹参素、原儿茶醛、迷迭香酸、紫草酸、丹酚酸B和丹酚酸A等6种丹参酚酸成分的含量, 因丹参酮类成分在上述提取物中含量太低, 无法准确定量, 故未进行比较。如图 3柱状图所示, 因采用了去粗除杂的富集工艺, 药典法制备的丹参总酚酸提取物中各指标成分含量最高, 丹酚酸B、迷迭香酸、紫草酸为3种主要丹参酚酸类成分。丹参药材中各指标成分含量均明显高于人工胃液消化提取物。由于3种不同提取物(丹参药材、丹参人工胃液消化提取物和丹参总酚酸提取物) 所用提取溶剂和提取方法等均不相同, 6种酚酸类成分的溶出效率也有差别。与丹参药材对比, 丹参半仿生提取过程中各成分在胃蛋白酶和胰酶的作用下可能发生物质分解转化; 丹参总酚酸在制备过程中采用了加热回流的方法, 在加热等处理下也可能发生物质分解, 导致各成分含量比例发生变化, 故同一成分在不同提取物中的含量与含量比例并不一致。
考虑到丹参中各活性成分含量差异比较大, 为了直观显示各指标成分在半仿生提取或化学提取过程中含量比例变化, 本文采用X = (XXmin) / (XmaxXmin) 将丹参药材和丹参提取物各指标成分含量进行归一化处理, 将各批次药材中成分的含量数值统一映射到“0-1”之间, 使其可在同一水平上进行比较, 同时又保持两两数据之间的相对关系, 即相对于整体“1”所占的比例, 以15批丹参提取物归一化后各指标含量的平均值绘制雷达图, 如图 3所示。与丹参原药材(A, 黄色) 相比, 经过人工胃液消化后的提取物(B, 绿色) 中丹酚酸B和迷迭香酸的含量比例显著降低, 原儿茶醛的含量比例显著增加。迷迭香酸属于咖啡酸聚合物, 其口服吸收差, 采用人工胃液消化提取效率低[20]。此外, 丹参人工胃液消化提取物中丹酚酸B含量比例低于原药材, 一方面由于丹酚酸B单体在人工胃液消化处理过程中结构不稳定, 可能发生分解; 另一方面说明丹酚酸B在人工胃液中的生物可及性较低。丹参总酚酸提取物(C, 紫色) 中迷迭香酸含量比例降低, 原儿茶醛含量比例显著增加, 推测加热作用下迷迭香酸在水溶液中不稳定, 易发生物质转化生成丹参素等, 并最终氧化生成原儿茶醛[21]
丹酚酸B等10种化合物在丹参人工肠液消化提取物和丹参酮提取物均可准确定量, 结果如图 4柱状图所示。采用人工肠液消化提取的样品中, 10种指标成分含量均较低, 说明人工肠液对丹参主要活性成分的提取效率较低。
基于丹参人工肠液消化提取物和丹参酮提取物中10个指标成分的归一化平均含量绘制雷达图, 如图 4所示。不同方法提取各指标成分的含量比例差异显著。采用药典法制备的丹参酮提取物(C, 紫色) 中4种丹参酮类成分含量比例最高, 因为在醇提水洗工艺过程中, 热水洗去了大量丹参酚酸类成分, 富集了4个丹参酮类成分, 使其含量比例显著增加。与原药材(A, 黄色) 相比, 丹参人工肠液消化提取物(B, 绿色) 中, 迷迭香酸和丹酚酸B含量比例显著降低, 原儿茶醛的含量比例显著增加, 其中迷迭香酸和丹酚酸B单体成分均可在胰酶等的作用下发生分解生成原儿茶醛使其含量比例增加[20, 22]。与人工胃液消化提取物不同的是, 人工肠液对丹参酮类成分提取效率更高。
根据生物可及性计算公式, 得到丹参人工胃液消化提取物和丹参人工肠液消化提取物中各指标成分生物可及性结果见图 5。在消化提取过程中, 各类成分之间的增溶、氧化、催化分解等反应也会影响中药有效成分的溶出、代谢及其药效的发挥。不同批次丹参人工胃液消化提取物和丹参人工肠液消化提取物中各指标成分的生物可及性存在差异, 故本研究取平均值来评估各成分的实际生物可及性(图 5)。由于丹参药材中原儿茶醛含量较低, 未达到本研究所建立方法的最低定量限, 故本研究中未探讨原儿茶醛的生物可及性。在丹参人工胃液消化提取物中, 生物可及性由大到小依次为: 丹参素(50.19%) > 丹酚酸B (33.44%) > 紫草酸(27.34%) > 丹酚酸A (21.71%) > 迷迭香酸(12.31%); 在丹参人工肠液消化提取物中, 生物可及性由大到小依次为: 15, 16-二氢丹参酮Ⅰ (5.45%) > 丹参酮Ⅰ (3.67%) > 隐丹参酮(3.29%) > 丹参酮ⅡA (3.01%) > 丹酚酸A (2.39%) > 紫草酸(1.57%) > 丹酚酸B (1.02%) > 丹参素(0.41%) > 迷迭香酸(0.34%)。
生物可及性越高, 代表该物质越容易被胃、肠消化转运从而发挥药效。由此可见, 丹参酚酸类成分更容易在人工胃液作用下消化释放, 而丹参酮类成分则更容易在人工肠液的作用下消化释放。此外, 丹酚酸B是丹参药材中含量最高的化合物。但本研究中, 其在人工胃液和人工肠液中生物可及性仅为33.44%和1.02%。Wu等[23]和Ma等[24]的体内药代动力学研究中, 丹酚酸B在大鼠或兔子体内的口服生物利用度分别低至2.3%和5.6%。因此, 在制定含量测定指标成分限度时, 不仅要考虑到该成分在药品中的含量, 更要结合其生物可及性。
本研究中丹参药材和提取物的供试品溶液制备方法均参照2020版中国药典, 故未进行供试品溶液制备方法的考察。仅选择代表性的丹参总酚酸提取物和丹参酮提取物进行了分析方法适用性考察, 结果表明本研究所建立方法可准确测定丹参素、原儿茶醛、迷迭香酸、紫草酸、丹酚酸B、丹酚酸A、15, 16-二氢丹参酮Ⅰ、隐丹参酮、丹参酮Ⅰ和丹参酮ⅡA等10个指标成分的含量。
本研究前期采用均匀设计法优化了丹参半仿生提取条件。经过体外模拟消化后, 丹参人工胃、肠液消化提取物中化学成分种类无明显变化, 各指标成分含量存在一定的差异。一方面, 通过对丹参药材和丹参提取物中各指标成分含量比例的分析, 结合丹参化学提取和体内物质转化相关文献, 发现丹参中迷迭香酸和丹酚酸B等结构不稳定, 易在加热或人工肠液的作用下分解转化生成丹参素和原儿茶醛等; 另一方面, 各指标成分生物可及性分析结果表明, 丹参酚酸类成分更易在人工胃液中消化释放, 生物可及性在12.31%~50.19%, 但它们难以在人工肠液消化释放, 生物可及性仅为0.34%~2.39%, 与丹参酚酸类成分的体内药代动力学研究结果基本相似[25]。迷迭香酸和丹酚酸B为评价丹参质量的指标成分, 然而其在人工胃、肠液的消化作用下不仅容易代谢降解同时生物利用度极低[22, 26, 27], 而原儿茶醛、丹参素、紫草酸和丹酚酸A含量比例均有不同程度的增加, 这几种成分在胃肠道均有不同程度的消化吸收[28-31], 各成分协同发挥丹参的心脑血管保护作用[2, 32]
相比较而言, 丹参酮类成分更易在人工肠液中消化吸收, 生物可及性在3.01%~5.45%, Hao等[33]有类似研究结果, 测得丹参酮ⅡA在大鼠口服生物利用度为2.9%~3.4%; Yan等[34]和Bi等[35]也发现隐丹参酮、丹参酮Ⅰ和丹参酮ⅡA在大鼠小肠有不同程度的消化吸收, 其中隐丹参酮、丹参酮ⅡA其机体内的转运机制类似于主动转运。值得注意的是, 本研究中15, 16-二氢丹参酮Ⅰ在人工肠液消化后具有生物可及性为5.45%, 该指标成分在抗凝、抗血小板聚集、抗炎和抗肿瘤等方面均发挥出很好的药效活性[36, 37], 然而药典却未对该成分做出限定。
丹参具有多组分, 多靶点的作用特点, 但通常选择一个或几个指标成分控制丹参质量, 这种做法既无法完全反映药材体内过程, 又不能表征其整体药物代谢动力学特征。在今后的研究中, 应重视丹参中各有效成分药代动力学之间的相互联系和影响, 充分结合它们的生物可及性, 建立多指标质量控制模式, 完善指标限度, 从而全面保障丹参药材质量。
本研究建立了丹参的UHPLC多指标含量测定分析方法, 能同时测定6个丹参酚酸成分和4个丹参酮成分含量, 该方法高效、快捷、准确, 适用于丹参药材及提取物的质量研究。结合半仿生法模拟丹参口服给药经胃、肠消化转运过程, 探讨丹参有效成分的含量比例变化以及生物可及性, 为丹参质量标志物的确定及临床合理应用提供了数据支撑。
作者贡献: 赖莉负责实验操作、数据处理及文章撰写与修改; 蒋正阳和冯宇鹏协助完成半仿生提取样品的制备及含量测定; 罗国安指导确立实验思路; 王淑美和谢媛媛指导本文的选题设计、实验思路与方法建立、实验数据处理、文章撰写。
利益冲突: 本文不存在任何利益冲突。
  • 国家重点研发计划“中医药现代化研究”重点专项课题资助项目(2017YFC1700800)
  • 广东省大学生创新训练项目(S202010573050)
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2022年第57卷第8期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0359
  • 接收时间:2022-03-28
  • 首发时间:2025-12-23
  • 出版时间:2022-08-12
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  • 收稿日期:2022-03-28
  • 修回日期:2022-05-25
基金
国家重点研发计划“中医药现代化研究”重点专项课题资助项目(2017YFC1700800)
广东省大学生创新训练项目(S202010573050)
作者信息
    1.广东药科大学, 广东 广州 510006
    2.广东省中药质量工程技术研究中心, 广东 广州 510006
    3.国家中医药管理局中药数字化质量评价技术重点研究室, 广东 广州 510006
    4.清华大学化学系, 北京 100084

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*王淑美, Tel: 18922395989, E-mail: ;
谢媛媛, Tel: 13902294350, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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