Article(id=1210148020704907582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210148010437243088, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0212, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1645200000000, receivedDateStr=2022-02-19, revisedDate=1647446400000, revisedDateStr=2022-03-17, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766451371599, onlineDateStr=2025-12-23, pubDate=1660233600000, pubDateStr=2022-08-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766451371599, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766451371599, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766451371599, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1210148010437243088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2022', volume='57', issue='8', pageStart='2245', pageEnd='2556', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766451369151, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766451533022, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210148697808179705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210148010437243088, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210148697808179706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210148010437243088, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2342, endPage=2351, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1210148021812203900, articleId=1210148020704907582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Relationship between bleomycin and radiation-induced interstitial pneumonia and activation of serotonin degradation system and exploration of its treatment, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Previously, we discovered that cells contain a 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) degradation system (5DS), which includes 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2AR), 5-HT synthase, and monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A). Among these, 5-HT2AR has the ability to regulate the expression of 5-HT synthase and MAO-A, and activation of 5DS causes upregulation of these proteins at the same time, resulting in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the mitochondria. In this study, we investigated the relationship between interstitial pneumonia (IP) and 5DS activation, as well as the therapeutic effect of inhibiting 5DS on IP. Animal models of bleomycin (BLM)-induced IP in mice and radiation (Rad)-induced IP in rats were established, and the models were treated with the 5-HT2AR antagonist sarpogrelate hydrochloride (SH), 5-HT synthesis inhibitor carbidopa (CDP), and their combination (SH∶CDP = 2∶1). The animal experiments were carried out in accordance with the regulations of the Animal Ethics Committee of China Pharmaceutical University. In the two IP models, immunohistochemistry staining and Western blot analysis showed that the expression of 5-HT synthase was significantly upregulated in all cells of lung tissue, while the expression of 5-HT2AR and MAO-A was most significantly upregulated in the macrophages. Treatment with SH or CDP significantly reduced pulmonary interstitial thickening, alveolar atrophy with collapse, massive macrophage infiltration and interstitial fibrosis in the two IP models, as measured by HE and Masson staining, and a combination of both almost eliminated the lung tissue lesions. Moreover, treatment with the combination of SH and CDP almost completely eliminated increased ROS and malondialdehyde levels, decreased superoxide dismutase activity, increased tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β levels, and upregulated nuclear factor-κB phosphorylation and α‍-smooth muscle actin, matrix metalloproteinase-2, and collagen expression. SH and CDP worked together to create a synergistic effect. The findings suggested that the activation of 5DS, as evidenced by increased 5-HT synthesis in all cells of lung tissue and increased 5-HT synthesis and degradation in macrophages, is probably related to the occurrence of IP and that inhibition of 5DS can effectively treat IP.

, correspAuthors=Yi-zhou LUO, Ji-hua FU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2022 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jing GUAN, Meng WANG, Jia-qi JIN, Yu-xin ZHANG, Pan NI, Yi ZHANG, Fan XU, Xiu-rui LIANG, Yi-zhou LUO, Ji-hua FU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1210148024010019385, articleId=1210148020704907582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=博来霉素和放射线诱导的间质性肺炎与5-羟色胺降解系统激活的关系及其治疗探讨, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本课题组前期研究发现, 细胞存在一个5-羟色胺(5-HT) 降解系统(5DS), 包括5-HT2A受体(5-HT2AR)、5-HT合成酶及单胺氧化酶A (MAO-A)。5-HT2AR可调控5-HT合成酶及MAO-A的表达, 5DS的激活表现为这些蛋白的同时上调, 导致线粒体活性氧(ROS) 产生。本研究评估间质性肺炎(IP) 与5DS激活的关系, 并观察抑制5DS对IP的治疗作用。建立博来霉素(BLM) 致小鼠IP模型和放射线(Rad) 致大鼠IP模型。使用5-HT2AR拮抗剂盐酸沙格雷酯(SH)、5-HT合成抑制剂卡比多巴(CDP) 或SH、CDP联合(SH∶CDP = 2∶1) 治疗BLM和Rad致IP模型。本文中动物福利和实验过程均遵循中国药科大学动物伦理委员会的规定。免疫组化及Western blot检测表明, 两种IP模型中所有肺组织细胞的5-HT合成酶表达均明显上调, 而5-HT2AR、MAO-A表达上调以巨噬细胞最明显。HE染色及Masson染色表明, SH、CDP治疗明显降低了两种IP模型中肺间质增厚、肺泡萎缩塌陷、大量巨噬细胞浸润及间质纤维化; 且SH、CDP联合治疗几乎消除了两种IP模型中的肺组织病变。氧化应激、炎症和纤维化相关因子检测表明, SH、CDP联合治疗也几乎消除了ROS、丙二醛的含量升高, 超氧化物歧化酶活性的降低, 肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素-1β含量的升高, 核因子-κB磷酸化表达及α-平滑肌肌动蛋白、基质金属蛋白酶2、胶原Ⅰ表达的上调。SH、CDP显示协同效应。结果提示, 5DS激活可能与IP的发生密切相关, 主要表现为肺组织细胞的5-HT合成增多及巨噬细胞的5-HT合成及降解增多, 抑制5DS可有效地治疗IP。

, correspAuthors=骆益宙, 傅继华, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*骆益宙, : Tel: 13515119707, E-mail:
傅继华, Tel: 13951933013, E-mail:
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Am J Pathol, 2021, 191: 4-17., articleTitle=Immunopathology of hyperinflammation in COVID-19, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1210148035145896140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148020704907582, awardId=81570720, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(81570720), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1210148024299426388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148020704907582, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210148024303620693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148020704907582, companyId=1210148024299426388, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210148024312009302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148020704907582, companyId=1210148024299426388, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国药科大学基础医学与临床药学学院, 江苏 南京 210009)]), AuthorCompany(id=1210148025427694174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148020704907582, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210148025436082784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148020704907582, companyId=1210148025427694174, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Department of Radiotherapy, Air Force Hospital of Eastern Theater Command of PLA, Nanjing 210002, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210148025444471392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148020704907582, companyId=1210148025427694174, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.解放军东部战区空军医院放射治疗科, 江苏 南京 210002)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1210148031576543281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148020704907582, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=8U2pgz20KV2P+JjWJj78Zg==, figureFileBig=xkXkxjtpjGZrO5oDKHxPzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148031668817975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148020704907582, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= Effects of treatment with sarpogrelate hydrochloride (SH) and carbidopa (CDP) (alone or in combination) on lung injury induced by bleomycin (BLM) in mice. A: Weight; B: Food-intake. <i>n</i> = 10, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \stackrel{-}{x} $</span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> control group; <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> BLM group , figureFileSmall=8U2pgz20KV2P+JjWJj78Zg==, figureFileBig=xkXkxjtpjGZrO5oDKHxPzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148031903699015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148020704907582, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=5oGftm6jJerzbr3zTGXuSA==, figureFileBig=3Qx6nQMLvhFOxv7Ag8KFQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148032025333840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148020704907582, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Effects of BLM and treatment with SH and CDP (alone or in combination) on expression of Tph1, AADC, 5-HT<sub>2A</sub>R and MAO-A in mouse lung tissues. A: Representative pictures of expression of Tph1, AADC, 5-HT<sub>2A</sub>R and MAO-A detected by immunohistochemistry staining (×400, the yellow arrows indicated macrophages and the green arrows indicated alveolar space in the BLM group) in the lung tissue of control and BLM groups; B: The expression levels of 5-HT<sub>2A</sub>R, Tph1, AADC and MAO-A detected by Western blot analysis in the lung tissue of each group. <i>n</i> = 4, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \stackrel{-}{x} $</span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> control group; <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> BLM group. Tph1: Tryptophan hydroxylase 1; AADC: Aromatic amino acid decarboxylase; 5-HT: 5-Hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT<sub>2A</sub>R: 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> receptor; MAO-A: Monoamine oxidase A , figureFileSmall=5oGftm6jJerzbr3zTGXuSA==, figureFileBig=3Qx6nQMLvhFOxv7Ag8KFQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148032201494613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148020704907582, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=9P5MLJHqgfVtuax1NA/PWQ==, figureFileBig=f6jJQdf1+Wl1jiLJ3iTWcQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148032318935132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148020704907582, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= Effects of treatment with SH and CDP (alone or in combination) on lung injury induced by BLM in mice. A: Representative pictures of lung tissue sections detected by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining (<i>n</i> = 4, ×400, the yellow arrows indicated macrophages, the blue arrows indicated neutrophils and the green arrows indicated lymphocytes in the BLM group); B: Representative pictures of lung tissue sections detected by Masson staining (<i>n</i> = 4, ×100) , figureFileSmall=9P5MLJHqgfVtuax1NA/PWQ==, figureFileBig=f6jJQdf1+Wl1jiLJ3iTWcQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148032448958564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148020704907582, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Lq1YG5BLq5M1+tIkwLziVQ==, figureFileBig=EO2ofDIZFIJt1eP22tgDkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148032541233256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148020704907582, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= Effects of treatment with SH and CDP (alone or in combination) on activation of lung inflammation and fibrosis-related proteins induced by BLM in mice. The expression levels of NF-<i>κ</i>B p65 and its phosphorylation (p-NF-<i>κ</i>B p65) (A), and <i>α</i>-SMA, MMP2 and COL Ⅰ (B) detected by Western blot analysis. <i>n</i> = 4, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \stackrel{-}{x} $</span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> control group; <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> BLM group; <sup>&</sup> <i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>& &</sup> <i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> BLM+SH+CDP group. NF-<i>κ</i>B p65: Nuclear factor kappa-B; <i>α</i>-SMA: Alpha-smooth muscle actin; MMP2: Matrix metallopeptidase 2; COL Ⅰ: Collagen Ⅰ , figureFileSmall=Lq1YG5BLq5M1+tIkwLziVQ==, figureFileBig=EO2ofDIZFIJt1eP22tgDkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148032629313648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148020704907582, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=4rKpKb/qLMSUKarEsHZReg==, figureFileBig=WfHog6jhWAVN/IuOA+Kx4w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148032755142774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148020704907582, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= Effects of co-treatment with SH and CDP on radiation (Rad)-induced lung injury in rats. A: Weight; B: Food-intake. <i>n</i> = 8, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \stackrel{-}{x} $</span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> control group , figureFileSmall=4rKpKb/qLMSUKarEsHZReg==, figureFileBig=WfHog6jhWAVN/IuOA+Kx4w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148032885166210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148020704907582, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=xo+OPSLUhIq1Z4xTuAFgVQ==, figureFileBig=16BBFen0hrZzZTIAzrgh/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148032985829520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148020704907582, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption= Effects of Rad and co-treatment with SH and CDP on expression of Tph1, AADC, 5-HT<sub>2A</sub>R and MAO-A in rat lung tissues. A: Representative pictures of expression of Tph1, AADC, 5-HT<sub>2A</sub>R and MAO-A detected by immunohistochemistry staining (×400, the yellow arrows indicate macrophages in the Rad group) in the lung tissue of control and Rad groups; B: The expression levels of 5-HT<sub>2A</sub>R, Tph1, AADC and MAO-A detected by Western blot analysis in the lung tissue of each group. <i>n</i> = 4, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \stackrel{-}{x} $</span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> control group; <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> Rad group , figureFileSmall=xo+OPSLUhIq1Z4xTuAFgVQ==, figureFileBig=16BBFen0hrZzZTIAzrgh/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148033086492820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148020704907582, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=9ijnpNetqXIONaycShUJ0A==, figureFileBig=lY9wEVd96sKD5gaML1DsHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148034298646679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148020704907582, language=CN, label=Figure 7, caption= Effects of co-treatment with SH and CDP on Rad-induced lung injury in rats. A: Representative pictures of lung tissue sections detected by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining (<i>n</i> = 4, ×400, the yellow arrows indicated macrophages, the blue arrow indicated neutrophil and the green arrow indicated lymphocyte in Rad group); B: Representative pictures of lung tissue sections detected by Masson staining (<i>n</i> = 4, ×100) , figureFileSmall=9ijnpNetqXIONaycShUJ0A==, figureFileBig=lY9wEVd96sKD5gaML1DsHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148034432864415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148020704907582, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=XRXR32oaBbTddIPThzURhw==, figureFileBig=HOCxjeM+W58zZYWc3QILRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148034562887850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148020704907582, language=CN, label=Figure 8, caption= Effects of co-treatment with SH and CDP on activation of lung inflammation and fibrosis-related proteins induced by Rad in rats. The expression levels of NF-<i>κ</i>B p65 and its phosphorylation (p-NF-<i>κ</i>B p65) (A), and <i>α</i>-SMA, MMP2 and COL Ⅰ (B) detected by Western blot analysis. <i>n</i> = 4, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \stackrel{-}{x} $</span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> control group; <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> Rad group , figureFileSmall=XRXR32oaBbTddIPThzURhw==, figureFileBig=HOCxjeM+W58zZYWc3QILRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148034667745458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148020704907582, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupROS/U·mg-1 protein5-HT/ng·mg-1 proteinMDA/μmol·g-1 proteinSOD/U·mg-1 proteinTNF-α/pg·mg-1 proteinIL-1β/pg·mg-1 protein
Control6.24 ± 0.333.55 ± 0.170.64 ± 0.07388 ± 566.32 ± 0.691.76 ± 0.21
BLM14.65 ± 0.92**7.43 ± 0.97**1.39 ± 0.15**147 ± 38**17.55 ± 1.49**3.32 ± 0.29**
BLM+SH9.47 ± 0.75## & &5.20 ± 0.55## &0.96 ± 0.14## & &279 ± 67## &12.02 ± 1.60## & &2.44 ± 0.22## & &
BLM+CDP8.65 ± 0.76## & &5.50 ± 0.48## & &0.95 ± 0.11## & &278 ± 52## &11.60 ± 1.38## & &2.45 ± 0.07## & &
BLM+SH+CDP7.01 ± 0.63##4.37 ± 0.56##0.78 ± 0.11##341 ± 545##9.21 ± 1.31##1.99 ± 0.27##
), ArticleFig(id=1210148034810351801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148020704907582, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

Effects of treatment with SH and CDP (alone or in combination) on levels of ROS, 5-HT, MDA, SOD, TNF-α and IL-1β in lung tissue of BLM-induced IP mice. n = 10, $ \stackrel{-}{x} $ ± s. **P < 0.01 vs control group; ##P < 0.01 vs BLM group; & P < 0.05, & & P < 0.01 vs BLM+SH+CDP group. ROS: Reactive oxygen species; MDA: Malondialdehyde; SOD: Superoxide dismutase; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; IL-1β: Interleukin-1β; IP: Interstitial pneumonia

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupROS/U·mg-1 protein5-HT/ng·mg-1 proteinMDA/μmol·g-1 proteinSOD/U·mg-1 proteinTNF-α/pg·mg-1 proteinIL-1β/pg·mg-1 protein
Control6.24 ± 0.333.55 ± 0.170.64 ± 0.07388 ± 566.32 ± 0.691.76 ± 0.21
BLM14.65 ± 0.92**7.43 ± 0.97**1.39 ± 0.15**147 ± 38**17.55 ± 1.49**3.32 ± 0.29**
BLM+SH9.47 ± 0.75## & &5.20 ± 0.55## &0.96 ± 0.14## & &279 ± 67## &12.02 ± 1.60## & &2.44 ± 0.22## & &
BLM+CDP8.65 ± 0.76## & &5.50 ± 0.48## & &0.95 ± 0.11## & &278 ± 52## &11.60 ± 1.38## & &2.45 ± 0.07## & &
BLM+SH+CDP7.01 ± 0.63##4.37 ± 0.56##0.78 ± 0.11##341 ± 545##9.21 ± 1.31##1.99 ± 0.27##
), ArticleFig(id=1210148034890043582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148020704907582, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupROS/ U·mg-1 protein5-HT/ng·mg-1 proteinMDA/nmol·mg-1 proteinSOD/U·mg-1 proteinTNF-α/pg·mg-1 proteinIL-1β/pg·mg-1 protein
Control10.22 ± 0.940.22 ± 0.040.40 ± 0.01175 ± 43.07 ± 0.500.66 ± 0.08
Rad18.36 ± 1.14**0.60 ± 0.05**0.57 ± 0.02**90 ± 13**8.02 ± 0.24**1.40 ± 0.11**
Rad+SH+CDP12.32 ± 0.85##0.31 ± 0.06##0.45 ± 0.01##169 ± 7##4.30 ± 0.81##0.85 ± 0.18##
), ArticleFig(id=1210148034982318275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148020704907582, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=

Effects of co-treatment with SH and CDP on levels of ROS, 5-HT, MDA, SOD, TNF-α and IL-1β in lung tissue of Rad-induced IP rats. n = 8, $ \stackrel{-}{x} $ ± s. **P < 0.01 vs control group; ##P < 0.01 vs Rad group

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GroupROS/ U·mg-1 protein5-HT/ng·mg-1 proteinMDA/nmol·mg-1 proteinSOD/U·mg-1 proteinTNF-α/pg·mg-1 proteinIL-1β/pg·mg-1 protein
Control10.22 ± 0.940.22 ± 0.040.40 ± 0.01175 ± 43.07 ± 0.500.66 ± 0.08
Rad18.36 ± 1.14**0.60 ± 0.05**0.57 ± 0.02**90 ± 13**8.02 ± 0.24**1.40 ± 0.11**
Rad+SH+CDP12.32 ± 0.85##0.31 ± 0.06##0.45 ± 0.01##169 ± 7##4.30 ± 0.81##0.85 ± 0.18##
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博来霉素和放射线诱导的间质性肺炎与5-羟色胺降解系统激活的关系及其治疗探讨
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关晶 1 , 王蒙 2 , 金佳琦 1 , 张誉馨 1 , 倪攀 2 , 张怡 1 , 徐凡 1 , 梁秀睿 1 , 骆益宙 2, * , 傅继华 1, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2022,57(8): 2342-2351
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2022, 57(8): 2342-2351
博来霉素和放射线诱导的间质性肺炎与5-羟色胺降解系统激活的关系及其治疗探讨
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关晶1, 王蒙2, 金佳琦1, 张誉馨1, 倪攀2, 张怡1, 徐凡1, 梁秀睿1, 骆益宙2, * , 傅继华1, *
作者信息
  • 1.中国药科大学基础医学与临床药学学院, 江苏 南京 210009
  • 2.解放军东部战区空军医院放射治疗科, 江苏 南京 210002

通讯作者:

*骆益宙, : Tel: 13515119707, E-mail:
傅继华, Tel: 13951933013, E-mail:
Relationship between bleomycin and radiation-induced interstitial pneumonia and activation of serotonin degradation system and exploration of its treatment
Jing GUAN1, Meng WANG2, Jia-qi JIN1, Yu-xin ZHANG1, Pan NI2, Yi ZHANG1, Fan XU1, Xiu-rui LIANG1, Yi-zhou LUO2, * , Ji-hua FU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
  • 2. Department of Radiotherapy, Air Force Hospital of Eastern Theater Command of PLA, Nanjing 210002, China
出版时间: 2022-08-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0212
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本课题组前期研究发现, 细胞存在一个5-羟色胺(5-HT) 降解系统(5DS), 包括5-HT2A受体(5-HT2AR)、5-HT合成酶及单胺氧化酶A (MAO-A)。5-HT2AR可调控5-HT合成酶及MAO-A的表达, 5DS的激活表现为这些蛋白的同时上调, 导致线粒体活性氧(ROS) 产生。本研究评估间质性肺炎(IP) 与5DS激活的关系, 并观察抑制5DS对IP的治疗作用。建立博来霉素(BLM) 致小鼠IP模型和放射线(Rad) 致大鼠IP模型。使用5-HT2AR拮抗剂盐酸沙格雷酯(SH)、5-HT合成抑制剂卡比多巴(CDP) 或SH、CDP联合(SH∶CDP = 2∶1) 治疗BLM和Rad致IP模型。本文中动物福利和实验过程均遵循中国药科大学动物伦理委员会的规定。免疫组化及Western blot检测表明, 两种IP模型中所有肺组织细胞的5-HT合成酶表达均明显上调, 而5-HT2AR、MAO-A表达上调以巨噬细胞最明显。HE染色及Masson染色表明, SH、CDP治疗明显降低了两种IP模型中肺间质增厚、肺泡萎缩塌陷、大量巨噬细胞浸润及间质纤维化; 且SH、CDP联合治疗几乎消除了两种IP模型中的肺组织病变。氧化应激、炎症和纤维化相关因子检测表明, SH、CDP联合治疗也几乎消除了ROS、丙二醛的含量升高, 超氧化物歧化酶活性的降低, 肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素-1β含量的升高, 核因子-κB磷酸化表达及α-平滑肌肌动蛋白、基质金属蛋白酶2、胶原Ⅰ表达的上调。SH、CDP显示协同效应。结果提示, 5DS激活可能与IP的发生密切相关, 主要表现为肺组织细胞的5-HT合成增多及巨噬细胞的5-HT合成及降解增多, 抑制5DS可有效地治疗IP。

肺部炎症  /  肺纤维化  /  5-羟色胺降解系统  /  巨噬细胞  /  活性氧

Previously, we discovered that cells contain a 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) degradation system (5DS), which includes 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2AR), 5-HT synthase, and monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A). Among these, 5-HT2AR has the ability to regulate the expression of 5-HT synthase and MAO-A, and activation of 5DS causes upregulation of these proteins at the same time, resulting in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the mitochondria. In this study, we investigated the relationship between interstitial pneumonia (IP) and 5DS activation, as well as the therapeutic effect of inhibiting 5DS on IP. Animal models of bleomycin (BLM)-induced IP in mice and radiation (Rad)-induced IP in rats were established, and the models were treated with the 5-HT2AR antagonist sarpogrelate hydrochloride (SH), 5-HT synthesis inhibitor carbidopa (CDP), and their combination (SH∶CDP = 2∶1). The animal experiments were carried out in accordance with the regulations of the Animal Ethics Committee of China Pharmaceutical University. In the two IP models, immunohistochemistry staining and Western blot analysis showed that the expression of 5-HT synthase was significantly upregulated in all cells of lung tissue, while the expression of 5-HT2AR and MAO-A was most significantly upregulated in the macrophages. Treatment with SH or CDP significantly reduced pulmonary interstitial thickening, alveolar atrophy with collapse, massive macrophage infiltration and interstitial fibrosis in the two IP models, as measured by HE and Masson staining, and a combination of both almost eliminated the lung tissue lesions. Moreover, treatment with the combination of SH and CDP almost completely eliminated increased ROS and malondialdehyde levels, decreased superoxide dismutase activity, increased tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β levels, and upregulated nuclear factor-κB phosphorylation and α‍-smooth muscle actin, matrix metalloproteinase-2, and collagen expression. SH and CDP worked together to create a synergistic effect. The findings suggested that the activation of 5DS, as evidenced by increased 5-HT synthesis in all cells of lung tissue and increased 5-HT synthesis and degradation in macrophages, is probably related to the occurrence of IP and that inhibition of 5DS can effectively treat IP.

pulmonary inflammation  /  lung fibrosis  /  5-hydroxytryptamine degradation system  /  macrophage  /  reactive oxygen species
关晶, 王蒙, 金佳琦, 张誉馨, 倪攀, 张怡, 徐凡, 梁秀睿, 骆益宙, 傅继华. 博来霉素和放射线诱导的间质性肺炎与5-羟色胺降解系统激活的关系及其治疗探讨. 药学学报, 2022 , 57 (8) : 2342 -2351 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0212
Jing GUAN, Meng WANG, Jia-qi JIN, Yu-xin ZHANG, Pan NI, Yi ZHANG, Fan XU, Xiu-rui LIANG, Yi-zhou LUO, Ji-hua FU. Relationship between bleomycin and radiation-induced interstitial pneumonia and activation of serotonin degradation system and exploration of its treatment[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2022 , 57 (8) : 2342 -2351 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0212
间质性肺炎(interstitial pneumonia, IP) 是由多种因素如放射线(radiation, Rad)、化学物质[博来霉素(bleomycin, BLM)、二氧化硅、石棉等]、感染(呼吸道病毒、细菌等) 等导致的肺部炎症和纤维化病变[1]。现有研究认为, IP发生主要是由于肺组织损伤修复时上皮细胞损伤、炎症、成纤维细胞激活过程失调, 引起的肺组织结构进行性和不可逆破坏, 肺顺应性降低, 最终导致器官功能障碍、气体交换受阻和呼吸衰竭[2, 3]。然而, 其具体机制尚未阐明。
本课题组在前期研究中发现, 许多细胞如巨噬细胞[4]、肾小管上皮细胞[5, 6]、肾小球系膜细胞[7]、骨骼肌细胞[8]、肝实质细胞[9]等, 都存在一个5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) 降解系统(5-HT degradation system, 5DS), 这个系统的激活与动脉粥样硬化的发生、顺铂或缺血-再灌注诱导的急性肾损伤、高血糖及高血脂诱导的肾小球纤维化或骨骼肌功能异常、四氯化碳诱导的急性肝损伤密切相关。5DS由5-HT2A受体(5-HT2A receptor, 5-HT2AR)、5-HT合成酶色氨酸羟化酶1 (tryptophan hydroxylase 1, Tph1) 和芳香族氨基酸脱羧酶(aromatic amino acid decarboxylase, AADC) 及5-HT降解酶单胺氧化酶A (monoamine oxidase A, MAO-A) 组成。细胞5DS可在多种有害刺激因子(高糖、化学毒物、缺血-再灌注等) 的刺激下被激活, 导致5-HT2AR、5-HT合成酶和MAO-A表达上调, 使细胞的5-HT合成及MAO-A催化下的线粒体5-HT降解同时增加[5, 6, 9]。其中, 5-HT2AR的作用是调控5-HT合成酶及MAO-A的表达; 5DS激活导致线粒体活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS) 产生增多、ATP合成减少[8], 进一步使细胞功能异常: 炎症信号通路、MAPKs和STAT3信号通路激活, 炎症因子分泌增加[9], 细胞凋亡[5, 6], 纤维化通路激活[7]等。研究表明, 通过抑制5DS, 如同时抑制5-HT2AR及5-HT合成或抑制MAO-A, 可有效地阻断这种细胞功能的异常, 阻止炎症、细胞凋亡及组织纤维化的发生, 从而保护肝、肾及骨骼肌功能[5-9]
本课题组推测, 肺组织细胞可能也存在5DS, 其激活可能也与肺部炎症、纤维化相关。已有文献报道肺动脉高压患者肺组织中5-HT合成酶和5-HT2AR的表达升高[10]; 抑制5-HT合成可以缓解小鼠肺动脉高压[11]。为了证实以上推测, 本研究采用BLM或放射线诱导IP, 建立两种肺损伤动物模型, 用5-HT2AR拮抗剂盐酸沙格雷酯(sarpogrelate hydrochloride, SH)、AADC抑制剂卡比多巴(carbidopa, CDP) 分别或联合给药进行治疗。评估5DS激活是否参与肺部炎症、纤维化的发生, 以揭示IP的病理机制; 探讨用5-HT2AR拮抗剂及5-HT合成抑制剂对IP的治疗效果, 以期为临床IP患者的治疗提供新的药物靶点及治疗药物。
主要药品和试剂    BLM (瀚晖制药有限公司); SH (上海乾劲化工科技有限公司); CDP (浙江手心制药有限公司); 丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD) 检测试剂盒(南京建成生物研究所); BCA蛋白定量试剂(上海碧云天生物技术研究所); ROS、5-HT、白细胞介素1β (interleukin-1β, IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, TNF-α) ELISA试剂盒(上海酶联生物科技有限公司); Tph1抗体、AADC抗体(美国Signalway Antibody公司); GAPDH抗体、5-HT2AR抗体、MAO-A抗体、核因子κB p65 (nuclear factor-kappa B, NF-κB p65) 抗体及其磷酸化(phospho-NF-κB p65, p-NF-κB p65) 抗体、基质金属蛋白酶2 (matrix metallopeptidase 2, MMP2) 抗体、胶原Ⅰ (collagen Ⅰ, COL Ⅰ) 抗体(美国Santa Cruz Biotechnology公司); α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(alpha-smooth muscle actin, α-SMA) 抗体(沈阳万类生物科技有限公司)。
主要仪器    Precise直线加速器(瑞典Elekta公司); TGL-16gR高速冷冻离心机(上海安亭科学仪器厂); Bio-Rad Mini-Protean® Tetra System蛋白电泳设备、Bio-Rad Mini Trans-Blot转印槽(新加坡Bio-Rad公司); Infinite M200 Pro全波长酶标仪(瑞士Tecan Group Ltd.公司); 正置荧光显微镜(日本Olympus公司); Tanon 5200 Multi全自动化学发光系统(上海天能有限公司)。
实验动物    本实验所有动物实验遵循中国药科大学实验动物伦理要求。6~8周龄的雄性C57BL/6小鼠(清洁级), 体重20~24 g和6~8周龄的雄性Wistar大鼠(清洁级), 体重200~240 g购自扬州大学动物医学比较中心。大小鼠正常饲养管理, 环境温度24~26 ℃, 湿度50%~55%, 光照12 h、黑暗12 h。实验规程和方案符合中国药科大学药学动物实验中心伦理审查标准。
BLM诱导IP模型建立、分组与给药    小鼠适应性喂养1周后, 按体质量均衡原则随机分为5组, 每组10只: 对照(control) 组、BLM致IP模型(BLM) 组、SH治疗(BLM+SH) 组、CDP治疗(BLM+CDP) 组、SH和CDP联合治疗(BLM+SH+CDP) 组。小鼠禁食12 h后, 麻醉状态(i.p.水合氯醛350 mg·kg-1) 下将小鼠捆绑固定于手术板上, 穿刺法气管内给以BLM (3.5 mg·kg-1), 对照组气管内给以等体积生理盐水(17.5 μL/10 g)。术后, 立即将手术板竖直放置, 绕长轴左右来回旋转3~5 min, 使BLM溶液均匀分布至小鼠肺泡腔内, 造成BLM致肺损伤模型。手术后动物注意保温, 24 h后各治疗组开始给药治疗, 灌胃给药。BLM+SH组每次给予SH 60 mg·kg-1、BLM+CDP组每次给予CDP 60 mg·kg-1、BLM+SH+CDP组每次给予SH 40 mg·kg-1及CDP 20 mg·kg-1 (SH∶CDP = 2∶1)。一天2次, 连续给药21天, 对照组和BLM组给予等体积0.5% CMC-Na溶液(药物溶剂)。末次给药3 h后动物麻醉后处死, 收集肺组织后福尔马林固定或-80 ℃冷冻保存备用。
Rad诱导IP模型建立、分组与给药    大鼠适应性喂养1周后, 按体质量均衡原则随机分为对照组、Rad致IP模型(Rad) 组及SH和CDP联合治疗(Rad+SH+CDP) 组, 每组8只。大鼠麻醉(i.p. 水合氯醛400 mg·kg-1) 后固定于手术板上, 除对照组外, 其余大鼠身体部位用1 cm厚铅块遮挡保护, 只暴露两前肢腋窝连线至胸骨剑突之间的胸腔部位、面积3.2 × 4.0 cm2。将动物置于Precise直线加速器下, 距靶源1 m进行辐照。辐照剂量率300 cGy·min-1, 连续照射6 min, 总辐照剂量18 Gy, 造成放射性肺损伤模型。辐照后约6 h开始给药治疗, 灌胃给药。Rad+SH+CDP组每次给予SH 40 mg·kg-1及CDP 20 mg·kg-1 (SH∶CDP = 2∶1), 对照组及Rad组给予等体积0.5% CMC-Na溶液。一天2次, 连续给药6周。末次给药3 h后动物麻醉处死, 收集肺组织, 福尔马林固定或-80℃冷冻保存备用。
肺组织病理检测    肺组织经福尔马林固定至少24 h后, 脱水、包埋、切片(3 μm), 苏木精-伊红(HE) 染色或Masson染色后中性树胶封片。显微镜下观察肺组织病理变化, HE染色观察肺组织炎细胞浸润、肺部病变表现, Masson染色观察肺间质纤维化表现。
肺组织5-HT2AR、Tph1、AADC、MAO-A表达免疫组化检测    肺组织经福尔马林固定后, 石蜡包埋、切片, 进行免疫组织化学染色: 石蜡切片脱蜡抗原修复后, 切片上滴加正常山羊血清封闭液, 室温30 min, 加入Tph1、AADC、5-HT2AR和MAO-A抗体, 4 ℃孵育12 h; 洗涤, 滴加二抗, 37 ℃静置30 min; 洗涤, 加入显色工作液, 37 ℃作用15 min; 洗涤, 滴加显色液避光显色, 苏木精复染, 中性树脂封片。通过IX51型荧光倒置显微镜(日本Olympus公司) 对切片进行观察, 拍照。
肺组织SOD活力及MDA、ROS、5-HT、TNF-α、IL-1β含量检测    制备10%肺组织匀浆备用。按照试剂盒说明书, 使用硫代巴比妥酸法测定肺组织MDA含量, 使用羟胺法测定肺组织SOD活性, ELISA检测肺组织中ROS、5-HT、TNF-α、IL-1β含量, BCA法定量组织蛋白含量。
肺组织蛋白表达水平检测    采用Western blot法检测肺组织Tph1、AADC、5-HT2AR、MAO-A、NF-κB p65、p-NF-κB p65、MMP2、COL Ⅰ、α-SMA表达。肺组织RIPA裂解后, 离心, 取上清液。BCA法测蛋白浓度, 加入上样缓冲液后进行SDS-PAGE电泳, 转膜至PVDF膜; BSA封闭后加入对应的一抗, 于4 ℃孵育过夜, TBST清洗; 加入二抗, 室温孵育后, 采用全自动化学发光系统观察并拍照。Image J软件分析条带积分吸光度值, 目的蛋白积分吸光度值与内参GAPDH积分吸光度值比表示蛋白的相对表达水平。
统计学分析    应用SPSS 22. 0软件进行统计分析。数据以均数±标准差($ \stackrel{-}{x} $ ± s) 表示。数据需进行正态性检验和方差齐性检验, 多组间采用单因素方差分析LSD检验(方差齐) 或Games-Howell检验(方差不齐)。以P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。
BLM致小鼠IP模型成模效果良好, 成模率100%。模型(BLM) 组小鼠毛发干枯, 体重明显降低(图 1A), 进食量减少(图 1B), 后期呼吸困难, 造模后第12天死亡1只。与BLM组相比, SH治疗(BLM+SH) 组、CDP治疗(BLM+CDP) 组、SH和CDP联合治疗(BLM+SH+CDP) 组体重明显回升、进食量增加, 治疗期间无动物死亡。
免疫组化检测表明(图 2A): 对照组肺组织中5-HT2AR、MAO-A表达量很低, 而Tph1、AADC表达明显, 且所有细胞均有表达; 与对照组相比, BLM组肺组织中5-HT2AR、Tph1、AADC和MAO-A表达量均明显升高, 且所有细胞Tph1、AADC表达量均升高, 以巨噬细胞最为明显, 但5-HT2AR、MAO-A表达量升高最明显的部位是巨噬细胞和肺泡腔, 提示肺泡积液中有大量高表达5-HT2AR、MAO-A的巨噬细胞。Western blot检测结果表明(图 2B): 与对照组相比, BLM组肺组织中5-HT2AR、Tph1、AADC和MAO-A表达量均明显升高, 且5-HT含量升高(表 1); 与BLM组相比, BLM+SH组、BLM+CDP组和BLM+SH+CDP组中Tph1、AADC和MAO-A表达水平降低、5-HT含量降低, 但3个给药组均未见5-HT2AR表达水平的改变。以上结果与本课题组以前的研究结果一致[5, 6, 8, 9], 提示5-HT2AR对Tph1、AADC和MAO-A表达的调控作用。
肺组织切片HE染色结果表明(图 3A): 与对照组比较, BLM组小鼠肺间质增厚、肺泡萎缩塌陷、明显的炎细胞浸润, 可观察到巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞及淋巴细胞等, 尤以巨噬细胞数量最多且主要出现在肺泡腔内; BLM+SH组及BLM+CDP组肺组织病理损伤明显得到改善; 而BLM+SH+CDP组肺组织病理损伤几乎完全被抑制, 肺间质未见明显增厚、肺泡正常、偶见炎细胞浸润。Masson染色结果表明(图 3B): 对照组肺组织结构清晰、肺泡壁完整、肺间质极少量纤维组织蓝染; BLM组肺间质胶原纤维明显沉积, 可见大量的纤维组织蓝染、增厚, 肺泡结构被破坏; BLM+SH组和BLM+CDP组肺间质纤维化得到明显改善; 而BLM+SH+CDP组未见明显肺组织纤维化, 染色结果与对照组相似。
结果表明, 与对照组比较, BLM组肺组织中ROS、MDA含量(表 1) 明显升高、SOD活力显著降低, 且NF-κB p65磷酸化表达上调(图 4A)、TNF-α和IL-1β (表 1) 含量显著升高, 还检测到α-SMA、MMP2和COL Ⅰ表达量明显升高(图 4B)。与BLM组比较, BLM+SH组、BLM+CDP组以及BLM+SH+CDP组肺组织中ROS、MDA、TNF-α、IL-1β含量和p-NF-κB p65表达量均明显降低, SOD活力显著升高, α-SMA、MMP2和COL Ⅰ表达量也明显降低。并且, BLM+SH+CDP组的疗效明显好于BLM+SH组及BLM+CDP组。因3个给药组为等剂量给药, 而BLM+SH+CDP组中SH、CDP的用量分别只有BLM+SH组和BLM+CDP组的2/3及1/3, 故SH、CDP联合给药的疗效显示协同效应。结合HE染色及Masson染色结果可知, SH、CDP治疗可明显抑制BLM导致的肺组织氧化应激、炎症及纤维化, 且联合给药具有协同效应。
Rad致IP亦成模良好, 成模率100%。模型(Rad) 组大鼠表现与BLM致IP模型相似: 毛发干枯, 体重明显降低(图 5A), 进食量明显减少(图 5B), 后期见呼吸困难, 造模后死亡1只。但与Rad组比较, SH+CDP治疗(Rad+SH+CDP) 组体重和进食量未见明显回升。
免疫组化检测(图 6A) 表明, 大鼠肺组织中5-HT2AR、Tph1、AADC和MAO-A的表达情况与小鼠完全相同: Tph1、AADC表达于所有肺组织细胞, 且与对照组比较, 在Rad组明显升高; 5-HT2AR、MAO-A在对照组肺组织中表达不明显, 而Rad组升高的5-HT2AR、MAO-A表达主要也出现在肺泡腔内的巨噬细胞。Western blot检测结果(图 6B) 表明, 与对照组相比, Rad组肺组织中5-HT2AR、Tph1、AADC和MAO-A蛋白表达量明显升高、5-HT含量升高(表 2); SH和CDP联合治疗可明显抑制Rad导致的肺组织Tph1、AADC和MAO-A蛋白表达升高、5-HT含量升高, 但不能阻止Rad引起的5-HT2AR表达上调。
HE染色结果表明(图 7A): Rad诱导的大鼠IP模型(Rad) 组与BLM诱导的小鼠IP模型组相似, 也出现肺间质增厚、肺泡萎缩塌陷、炎细胞浸润, 但浸润的炎细胞主要为肺泡腔内的巨噬细胞, 其他炎细胞较少。Masson染色表明(图 7B), Rad组肺间质也见胶原纤维沉积、大量纤维组织蓝染。与Rad组比较, SH+CDP治疗(Rad+SH+CDP) 组明显抑制肺组织炎症和纤维化, HE染色可见肺组织结构明显改善、肺泡完整、肺泡腔内巨噬细胞偶见, Masson染色也可见肺间质纤维组织蓝染很少。
与对照组相比, Rad组肺组织ROS、MDA含量明显升高、SOD活力显著降低(表 2), NF-κB p65磷酸化表达明显升高(图 8), TNF-α、IL-1β含量显著升高(表 2); 另外, α-SMA、MMP2和COL Ⅰ表达也明显升高(图 8)。与Rad组相比, Rad+SH+CDP组ROS、MDA、TNF-α、IL-1β含量和NF-κB p65磷酸化表达均大幅降低, SOD活力显著提高, 且α-SMA、MMP2和COL Ⅰ表达也大幅降低。结合HE染色及Masson染色结果, 表明SH和CDP联合给药可非常有效地治疗Rad导致的肺组织氧化应激、炎症及纤维化。
气管内注射BLM和Rad引起的肺组织炎症、纤维化常用于诱导动物IP模型[12-16], 本研究也用两种方法诱导的IP动物模型来评估SH和CDP对IP的治疗作用。结果显示, BLM和Rad引起的肺组织损伤均主要表现为肺间质增厚、肺泡明显塌陷萎缩、肺间质纤维化、肺泡中出现大量巨噬细胞浸润, 与文献[17-19]报道一致。然而, BLM致IP模型肺间质中淋巴细胞及嗜中性粒细胞的浸润数量似乎比Rad致IP模型中多, 提示两种刺激导致的白细胞反应有细微差异, 而巨噬细胞在导致肺组织炎症、纤维化发生过程中可能起到关键作用[20]。同时, 本研究发现, 两种IP模型肺组织5DS (包括5-HT2AR、Tph1、AADC和MAO-A) 的表达增加是相同的, 以巨噬细胞最明显, 而肺组织中的其他细胞主要表现为Tph1、AADC的表达增加。表明肺组织发生炎症、纤维化时, 所有肺组织细胞均出现5-HT合成增加、可能也出现5-HT降解的轻度增加, 而巨噬细胞则同时出现5-HT合成和降解的大幅增加, IP时肺组织5-HT降解、ROS产生增多以巨噬细胞最明显。本实验室前期研究已经证明, 5DS激活是高血糖引起的肾小球炎症、纤维化[7]、高糖引起的骨骼肌细胞功能损伤[8]、四氯化碳引起的急性肝损伤[9]、顺铂或缺血再灌注引起的急性肾损伤[5, 6]的决定性原因。5DS的激活导致线粒体ROS产生增加, 从而使细胞的炎症信号通路、纤维化通路、细胞凋亡通路等被激活。这种现象只发生在相应组织的损伤细胞, 与损伤部位高度重叠[5, 6, 9]。因此推测, BLM及Rad引起的IP也是因为相应细胞的5DS激活的缘故, 但这种现象在肺组织更加复杂, 牵涉到多种肺组织细胞的5-HT合成, 而5-HT降解、ROS产生的增加以巨噬细胞最突出。
本实验中, 使用5-HT2AR拮抗剂SH和5-HT合成抑制剂CDP, 均可减少肺组织中ROS产生、氧化应激、NF-κB p65的激活和炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β的释放及α-SMA、MMP2和COLⅠ的表达, 有效改善肺炎和肺纤维化。并且, SH和CDP联合治疗, 因强力抑制了5DS的激活, 其疗效更佳, 表现出明显的协同效应。与本课题组在肝脏、肾脏的研究结论一致[7, 8, 21]。SH的直接作用是抑制5-HT2AR的活性、不影响其表达, 从而间接抑制Tph1、AADC、MAO-A的表达。SH的这种作用, 本研究团队在以前的研究中也观察到[4-9]。有研究表明, BLM给药或大剂量Rad辐照后, 引起肺组织中肺泡上皮细胞、巨噬细胞和成纤维细胞线粒体功能障碍[22-24], 同时线粒体ROS通过调节巨噬细胞的极化为促纤维表型[25]、肺泡上皮细胞凋亡[26]、肌成纤维细胞的分化[27]引起肺纤维化的发生, 线粒体ROS在肺泡上皮细胞、巨噬细胞和成纤维细胞之间的相互作用是肺纤维化的关键途径[28, 29], 但如何引起线粒体ROS产生的机制尚未阐明。作者推测, BLM及Rad引起的IP是因为肺组织细胞的5DS激活的缘故, 这种现象牵涉到多种肺组织细胞的5DS激活; 与肾小球系膜细胞5DS激活相似[7], 肺成纤维细胞5DS的激活可能引起成纤维细胞的活化, 活化后的成纤维细胞α-SMA、MMP2和COL Ⅰ表达增加, 从而使细胞外基质积聚、胶原沉积[30, 31]
总之, 不管是BLM还是Rad引起的IP, 均与肺组织细胞5DS激活密切相关, 尤其是巨噬细胞5DS的激活, 其病理机制可能是相同的。因新冠病毒等病毒导致的肺炎、肺纤维化也表现出弥漫性肺泡损伤、巨噬细胞活化失调、细胞因子风暴和肺纤维化[32-34], 故本课题组推测可能也与5DS的激活密切相关。临床上, 也可通过抑制5DS对病毒性肺炎、肺纤维化进行治疗。
作者贡献: 傅继华为本项目的课题负责人, 负责实验设计、实验指导及数据分析, 主导论文构思并参与论文写作及修改; 骆益宙为本论文实验提供实验场地, 参与实验指导、论文构思及论文修改; 关晶为本论文实验工作的主要完成人, 并负责论文写作、修改及投稿; 王蒙、金佳琦、张誉馨、倪攀、张怡、徐凡、梁秀睿均参与本论文实验工作。全体作者都阅读并同意最终的文本。
利益冲突: 没有利益冲突。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(81570720)
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2022年第57卷第8期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0212
  • 接收时间:2022-02-19
  • 首发时间:2025-12-23
  • 出版时间:2022-08-12
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  • 收稿日期:2022-02-19
  • 修回日期:2022-03-17
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(81570720)
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    1.中国药科大学基础医学与临床药学学院, 江苏 南京 210009
    2.解放军东部战区空军医院放射治疗科, 江苏 南京 210002

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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