Article(id=1210148019895406905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210148010437243088, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0116, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1643040000000, receivedDateStr=2022-01-25, revisedDate=1647964800000, revisedDateStr=2022-03-23, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766451371405, onlineDateStr=2025-12-23, pubDate=1660233600000, pubDateStr=2022-08-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766451371405, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766451371405, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766451371405, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1210148010437243088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2022', volume='57', issue='8', pageStart='2245', pageEnd='2556', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766451369151, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766451533022, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210148697808179705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210148010437243088, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210148697808179706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210148010437243088, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2364, endPage=2377, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1210148022655259060, articleId=1210148019895406905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Effects of Tingli Dazao Xiefei Decoction on the immune inflammation and intestinal flora in asthmatic rats, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The study aims to explore the intervention mechanism of Tingli Dazao Xiefei Decoction on asthma from the perspective of immune inflammation and intestinal flora, providing a theoretical basis for guiding clinical medication. The ovalbumin (OVA) asthmatic rat model was established by intraperitoneal injection of OVA sensitization solution and aerosol challenge, and divided into control (CON), model (M), dexamethasone group (DEX, 0.075 mg·kg-1) and Tingli Dazao Xiefei Decoction (TLDZ, 3.5 g·kg-1). Firstly, the effects of Tingli Dazao Xiefei Decoction on asthma symptoms of rats, lung and trachea pathological changes of asthmatic rats were observed by inducing cough and asthma experiment, phenol red excretion, hematoxylin-eosin staining (H & E), Masson and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining; the levels of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), interleukin (IL) 6 and IL-10 in rat serum and the levels of interferon γ (IFN-γ), immunoglobulin E (IgE), IL-4, IL-17A and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were detected by ELISA; the mRNA levels of IL-5, IL-13 and IL-33 in the lung were determined by qRT-PCR; the levels of macrophages and neutrophils in the spleen and the levels of natural killer cell (NK), helper T cell (Thc), dendritic cell (DC), regulatory T cell (Treg) and T helper cell 17 (Th17) in the peripheral blood were measured by flow cytometry combined with immunohistochemistry; the intestinal flora of asthmatic rats were analyzed by 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. Pathology and inflammatory results showed that Tingli Dazao Xiefei Decoction could effectively alleviate the asthma symptoms in rats, improve the pathological changes of lung tissue, reduce the production of goblet cells and collagen fibers, and reduce the inflammatory response in asthmatic rats; the results of immune cells showed that Tingli Dazao Xiefei Decoction could effectively increase the levels of NK, Thc, DC and Treg cells and reduce the levels of macrophages, neutrophils and Th17 cells in asthmatic rats; the results of intestinal flora showed that Tingli Dazao Xiefei Decoction could increase the levels of Lactobacillus, Ruminococcus, Christensenellaceae, Bifidobacterium and Eubacterium]_xylanophilum-group, and decrease the levels of Firmicutes, Desulfovibrio, Mucispirillum and Romboutsia in asthmatic rats. Therefore, it is speculated that Tingli Dazao Xiefei Decoction can improve the symptom of asthmatic rats by regulating the immune inflammation and intestinal flora in the asthmatic rats. All animal experiments in this article were approved by the Ethics Committee of Henan University of Chinese Medicine.

, correspAuthors=Wei-sheng FENG, Xiao-ke ZHENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2022 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Bei-bei ZHANG, Meng-nan ZENG, Qin-qin ZHANG, Ru WANG, Peng-li GUO, Wan-qing LU, Ju-fang JIA, Meng LIU, Yu-han ZHANG, Wei-sheng FENG, Xiao-ke ZHENG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1210148027474514747, articleId=1210148019895406905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=葶苈大枣泻肺汤对哮喘大鼠免疫炎症和肠道菌群的影响, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

从免疫炎症和肠道菌群角度探究葶苈大枣泻肺汤对哮喘的干预作用机制, 为指导临床合理用药提供理论依据。通过腹腔注射卵清蛋白(ovalbumin, OVA) 致敏液和雾化激发构建哮喘大鼠模型, 分为正常组(control, CON)、模型组(model, M)、地塞米松组(dexamethasone, DEX, 0.075 mg·kg-1) 和葶苈大枣泻肺汤组(Tingli Dazao Xiefei Decoction, TLDZ, 3.5 g·kg-1)。首先通过咳嗽、喘息、酚红排泌、苏木精-伊红染色(hematoxylin-eosin staining, H & E)、马松染色(Masson) 和过碘酸雪夫氏染色(periodic acid Schiff, PAS) 观察葶苈大枣泻肺汤对大鼠哮喘症状、肺脏和气管病理变化的影响; ELISA检测大鼠血清中转化生长因子β1 (transforming growth factor β1, TGF-β1)、白细胞介素(interleukin, IL) 6和IL-10水平及肺泡灌洗液中γ干扰素(interferon γ, IFN-γ)、免疫球蛋白E (immunoglobulin E, IgE)、IL-4、IL-17A和肿瘤坏死因子α (tumor necrosis factor α, TNF-α) 水平; qRT-PCR检测肺组织中IL-5、IL-13和IL-33的mRNA水平; 然后采用流式细胞术结合免疫组化检测脾脏中巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞水平和外周血中自然杀伤细胞(natural killer cell, NK)、辅助性T细胞(helper T cell, Thc)、树突状细胞(dendritic cell, DC)、调节性T细胞(regulatory T cell, Treg) 和辅助性T细胞17 (T helper cell 17, Th17) 水平; 接着通过16S rDNA高通量测序分析哮喘大鼠肠道菌群。病理学和炎症因子结果显示, 葶苈大枣泻肺汤可有效减轻大鼠哮喘症状, 改善肺部组织病理变化, 减少杯状细胞和胶原纤维产生, 抑制哮喘大鼠炎症反应; 免疫细胞结果显示, 葶苈大枣泻肺汤可有效增加哮喘大鼠NK、Thc、DC和Treg细胞水平并降低巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞和Th17细胞水平; 肠道菌群结果显示, 葶苈大枣泻肺汤可增加哮喘大鼠乳酸杆菌、瘤胃球菌、克里斯滕森菌、双歧杆菌和真杆菌属水平, 降低厚壁菌、MucispirillumRomboutsia和脱硫弧菌属水平。因此, 推测葶苈大枣泻肺汤可通过调节哮喘大鼠体内免疫炎症反应和肠道菌群从而改善大鼠哮喘症状。本文中所有动物实验都获得河南中医药大学伦理学委员会批准。

, correspAuthors=冯卫生, 郑晓珂, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*冯卫生, Tel: 86-370-60190296, E-mail: ;
郑晓珂, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2022, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=tIBRtILWWChAId/Df13q6A==, magXml=i80c8C2VUKgNbreZ98tGkA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=dfU6Cvf89iSl92E4ipu+6w==, pdfFileSize=11871694, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=Z6EfaU9eyZjrdr9CiAi8nQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=UjbJbgZwlk4YoOYF3XQB0Q==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=张贝贝, 曾梦楠, 张钦钦, 王茹, 郭彭莉, 卢婉晴, 贾菊芳, 刘萌, 张宇涵, 冯卫生, 郑晓珂)}, authors=[Author(id=1210148028405650325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148019895406905, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1210148028518896547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148019895406905, authorId=1210148028405650325, language=EN, stringName=Bei-bei ZHANG, firstName=Bei-bei, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=1. College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210148028304987020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148019895406905, companyId=1210148028284015498, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.河南中医药大学呼吸疾病中医药防治省部共建协同创新中心, 河南 郑州 450046)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1210148035829567730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148019895406905, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=8YD0CqclsegV/jukQ15cUw==, figureFileBig=Z6EfaU9eyZjrdr9CiAi8nQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148035909259513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148019895406905, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= The effects of Tingli Dazao Xiefei Decoction (TLDZ) on the concentration of phenol red (A), frequency of coughing (B), coughing incubation period (C), frequency of asthma (D) and asthma incubation period (E). CON: Control; M: Asthma; DEX: Dexamethasone. <i>n</i> = 6, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \stackrel{-}{x} $</span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> CON; <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> M , figureFileSmall=8YD0CqclsegV/jukQ15cUw==, figureFileBig=Z6EfaU9eyZjrdr9CiAi8nQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148036177694981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148019895406905, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=INQYVPwY4VEEZ5T3ZqDTHA==, figureFileBig=cFgX5+gHZzENkMc3FfvY6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148036320301325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148019895406905, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= The effects of TLDZ on lung histopathology of asthma rats (×200). A: H & E, Masson and PAS staining; B: Lung histopathological score; C: Collagen fiber IOD value; D: PAS staining score. Scale bar: 50 μm. <i>n</i> = 6, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \stackrel{-}{x} $</span> ± <i>s.</i> <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> CON; <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> M , figureFileSmall=INQYVPwY4VEEZ5T3ZqDTHA==, figureFileBig=cFgX5+gHZzENkMc3FfvY6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148036416770321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148019895406905, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=NFuGFAUiiQmtM09fOiy44w==, figureFileBig=AMQv4knaZWebSVCG6jYyYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148036500656407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148019895406905, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= The effects of TLDZ on tracheal histopathology of asthma rats. Scale bar: 200 μm (up); 50 μm (down) , figureFileSmall=NFuGFAUiiQmtM09fOiy44w==, figureFileBig=AMQv4knaZWebSVCG6jYyYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148036613902617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148019895406905, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=1xadx7eTXVLnbtKTc7h1AA==, figureFileBig=E0nlE6Yczv93QDOCmJCNGg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148036739731742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148019895406905, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= The effects of TLDZ on inflammatory factor of asthma rats. A-E: The levels of interferon <i>γ</i> (IFN-<i>γ</i>, A), immunoglobulin E (IgE, B), IL-4 (C), IL-17A (D) and tumor necrosis factor <i>α</i> (TNF-<i>α</i>, E) in BALF; F-H: The levels of IL-6 (F), IL-10 (G) and transforming growth factor <i>β</i>1 (TGF-<i>β</i>1, H) in serum; I-K: The relative expression of IL-5 (I), IL-13 (J) and IL-33 (K) mRNA in lung of rats with asthma. <i>n</i> = 3 or 8, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \stackrel{-}{x} $</span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> CON; <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> M. BALF: Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid , figureFileSmall=1xadx7eTXVLnbtKTc7h1AA==, figureFileBig=E0nlE6Yczv93QDOCmJCNGg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148036844589349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148019895406905, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=pp0hc7iu6sW+0DDGSYozLw==, figureFileBig=qSVSAUQ15ZJobDL2mCBabg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148036957835563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148019895406905, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= The effects of TLDZ on oxidative stress and apoptosis of asthma rats. A, C: The representative images and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS); B, D: The representative images and levels of cell apoptosis; E-G: The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA, E) and the enzymatic activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px, F) and total-superoxide dismutase (T-SOD, G) in lung of rats with asthma. <i>n</i> = 3 or 8, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \stackrel{-}{x} $</span> ± <i>s.</i> <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> CON; <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> M , figureFileSmall=pp0hc7iu6sW+0DDGSYozLw==, figureFileBig=qSVSAUQ15ZJobDL2mCBabg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148037066887469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148019895406905, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=/81NTIiJWASJ32frn0z2MQ==, figureFileBig=dyPGQCZXeyNTPpHFLPfTPg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148037163356463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148019895406905, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption= The effects of TLDZ on natural killer cells (NK), helper T cells (Thc) and dendritic cells (DC) in peripheral blood of asthma rats. A, D: The representative images and levels of NK cells; B, E: The representative images and levels of Thc cells; C, F: The representative images and levels of DC cells. <i>n</i> = 3, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \stackrel{-}{x} $</span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> CON; <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> M , figureFileSmall=/81NTIiJWASJ32frn0z2MQ==, figureFileBig=dyPGQCZXeyNTPpHFLPfTPg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148037230465332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148019895406905, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=pChXEY/q9JOwbRlevJnZfg==, figureFileBig=ufdhtL0Q//1HwKhJHRG6Zw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148037339517241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148019895406905, language=CN, label=Figure 7, caption= The effects of TLDZ on regulatory T cells (Treg) and T helper cells 17 (Th17) in peripheral blood of asthma rats. A, C: The representative images and levels of Treg cells; B, D: The representative images and levels of Th17 cells. <i>n</i> = 3, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \stackrel{-}{x} $</span> ± <i>s.</i> <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> CON; <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> M , figureFileSmall=pChXEY/q9JOwbRlevJnZfg==, figureFileBig=ufdhtL0Q//1HwKhJHRG6Zw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148037448569150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148019895406905, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=x7O/+Lc2Y+PDDa0vumQ7iA==, figureFileBig=WAQbFD3W/QG0zvKWWt4i4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148037561815362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148019895406905, language=CN, label=Figure 8, caption= The effects of TLDZ on immune cells in spleen of asthma rats. A: The gating strategy of flow cytometry; B-D: The levels of lymphocytes, macrophages and neutrophils detected by flow cytometry; E-H: The representative images and levels of expression of CD11c, CD68 and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the spleen. <i>n</i> = 3 or 8, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \stackrel{-}{x} $</span> ± <i>s.</i> <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> CON; <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> M. Red arrows indicate positive cells , figureFileSmall=x7O/+Lc2Y+PDDa0vumQ7iA==, figureFileBig=WAQbFD3W/QG0zvKWWt4i4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148038832689479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148019895406905, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=jRbzvaAbJmDL4elRF8q9/w==, figureFileBig=YLSt7lO9LOLEPWlHn40o7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148039013044558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148019895406905, language=CN, label=Figure 9, caption= The alpha analysis of TLDZ on intestinal flora of asthma rats. A: Abundance comparison-Chao1 index; B: Diversity comparison-Shannon index. <i>n</i> = 7 or 8, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \stackrel{-}{x} $</span> ± <i>s.</i> <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> CON , figureFileSmall=jRbzvaAbJmDL4elRF8q9/w==, figureFileBig=YLSt7lO9LOLEPWlHn40o7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148039096930642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148019895406905, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=dkk1y3tev2Ik3fCRaWO7Xg==, figureFileBig=1jDdNB2RKTNrbWoDl7qH3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148039176622423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148019895406905, language=CN, label=Figure 10, caption= The PCoA principal components unweighted analysis of TLDZ on intestinal flora of asthma rats. <i>n</i> = 7 or 8 , figureFileSmall=dkk1y3tev2Ik3fCRaWO7Xg==, figureFileBig=1jDdNB2RKTNrbWoDl7qH3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148039281480026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148019895406905, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=zd6HVA/8FpdK51gJ9SHiew==, figureFileBig=vTSIc8pGul+aqKB6vLfv2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148039369560414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148019895406905, language=CN, label=Figure 11, caption= Effects of TLDZ on the relative abundance of intestinal flora in asthmatic rats. <i>n</i> = 7 or 8 , figureFileSmall=zd6HVA/8FpdK51gJ9SHiew==, figureFileBig=vTSIc8pGul+aqKB6vLfv2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148039470223715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148019895406905, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=crc36dNsMfK/qgzhae+/lQ==, figureFileBig=cGKRvSSBg6JGKnydZgj4DA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148039570887014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148019895406905, language=CN, label=Figure 12, caption= "TLDZ-active ingredient-target-asthma" network based on network pharmacology , figureFileSmall=crc36dNsMfK/qgzhae+/lQ==, figureFileBig=cGKRvSSBg6JGKnydZgj4DA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148039684133228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148019895406905, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GeneForward primer sequence (5'-3')Reverse primer sequence (5'-3')
IL-5TGAGCAGAAGTAAACGTGACAACAAATCATAAGCTGCACACACTATTCCT
IL-13TTACTTCAAGTGCGTGCAGAGGGGGCGGATAGAGTTGTCAGTGTAG
IL-33GCCCTGAGCACATACAACGACGTAGTAACGGAGTAGCACCTT
GAPDHCTGGAGAAACCTGCCAAGTATGGGTGGAAGAATGGGAGTTGCT
), ArticleFig(id=1210148039784796526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148019895406905, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

Primer sequence. IL: Interleukin; GAPDH: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GeneForward primer sequence (5'-3')Reverse primer sequence (5'-3')
IL-5TGAGCAGAAGTAAACGTGACAACAAATCATAAGCTGCACACACTATTCCT
IL-13TTACTTCAAGTGCGTGCAGAGGGGGCGGATAGAGTTGTCAGTGTAG
IL-33GCCCTGAGCACATACAACGACGTAGTAACGGAGTAGCACCTT
GAPDHCTGGAGAAACCTGCCAAGTATGGGTGGAAGAATGGGAGTTGCT
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葶苈大枣泻肺汤对哮喘大鼠免疫炎症和肠道菌群的影响
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张贝贝 1, 2, 3 , 曾梦楠 1, 2, 3 , 张钦钦 1, 2 , 王茹 1, 2 , 郭彭莉 1, 2 , 卢婉晴 1 , 贾菊芳 1, 2 , 刘萌 1, 2 , 张宇涵 1, 2 , 冯卫生 1, 2, 3, * , 郑晓珂 1, 2, 3, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2022,57(8): 2364-2377
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2022, 57(8): 2364-2377
葶苈大枣泻肺汤对哮喘大鼠免疫炎症和肠道菌群的影响
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张贝贝1, 2, 3, 曾梦楠1, 2, 3, 张钦钦1, 2, 王茹1, 2, 郭彭莉1, 2, 卢婉晴1, 贾菊芳1, 2, 刘萌1, 2, 张宇涵1, 2, 冯卫生1, 2, 3, * , 郑晓珂1, 2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1.河南中医药大学药学院, 河南 郑州 450046
  • 2.河南省中药开发工程技术研究中心, 河南 郑州 450046
  • 3.河南中医药大学呼吸疾病中医药防治省部共建协同创新中心, 河南 郑州 450046

通讯作者:

*冯卫生, Tel: 86-370-60190296, E-mail: ;
郑晓珂, E-mail:
Effects of Tingli Dazao Xiefei Decoction on the immune inflammation and intestinal flora in asthmatic rats
Bei-bei ZHANG1, 2, 3, Meng-nan ZENG1, 2, 3, Qin-qin ZHANG1, 2, Ru WANG1, 2, Peng-li GUO1, 2, Wan-qing LU1, Ju-fang JIA1, 2, Meng LIU1, 2, Yu-han ZHANG1, 2, Wei-sheng FENG1, 2, 3, * , Xiao-ke ZHENG1, 2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1. College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
  • 2. The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China
  • 3. Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
出版时间: 2022-08-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0116
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从免疫炎症和肠道菌群角度探究葶苈大枣泻肺汤对哮喘的干预作用机制, 为指导临床合理用药提供理论依据。通过腹腔注射卵清蛋白(ovalbumin, OVA) 致敏液和雾化激发构建哮喘大鼠模型, 分为正常组(control, CON)、模型组(model, M)、地塞米松组(dexamethasone, DEX, 0.075 mg·kg-1) 和葶苈大枣泻肺汤组(Tingli Dazao Xiefei Decoction, TLDZ, 3.5 g·kg-1)。首先通过咳嗽、喘息、酚红排泌、苏木精-伊红染色(hematoxylin-eosin staining, H & E)、马松染色(Masson) 和过碘酸雪夫氏染色(periodic acid Schiff, PAS) 观察葶苈大枣泻肺汤对大鼠哮喘症状、肺脏和气管病理变化的影响; ELISA检测大鼠血清中转化生长因子β1 (transforming growth factor β1, TGF-β1)、白细胞介素(interleukin, IL) 6和IL-10水平及肺泡灌洗液中γ干扰素(interferon γ, IFN-γ)、免疫球蛋白E (immunoglobulin E, IgE)、IL-4、IL-17A和肿瘤坏死因子α (tumor necrosis factor α, TNF-α) 水平; qRT-PCR检测肺组织中IL-5、IL-13和IL-33的mRNA水平; 然后采用流式细胞术结合免疫组化检测脾脏中巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞水平和外周血中自然杀伤细胞(natural killer cell, NK)、辅助性T细胞(helper T cell, Thc)、树突状细胞(dendritic cell, DC)、调节性T细胞(regulatory T cell, Treg) 和辅助性T细胞17 (T helper cell 17, Th17) 水平; 接着通过16S rDNA高通量测序分析哮喘大鼠肠道菌群。病理学和炎症因子结果显示, 葶苈大枣泻肺汤可有效减轻大鼠哮喘症状, 改善肺部组织病理变化, 减少杯状细胞和胶原纤维产生, 抑制哮喘大鼠炎症反应; 免疫细胞结果显示, 葶苈大枣泻肺汤可有效增加哮喘大鼠NK、Thc、DC和Treg细胞水平并降低巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞和Th17细胞水平; 肠道菌群结果显示, 葶苈大枣泻肺汤可增加哮喘大鼠乳酸杆菌、瘤胃球菌、克里斯滕森菌、双歧杆菌和真杆菌属水平, 降低厚壁菌、MucispirillumRomboutsia和脱硫弧菌属水平。因此, 推测葶苈大枣泻肺汤可通过调节哮喘大鼠体内免疫炎症反应和肠道菌群从而改善大鼠哮喘症状。本文中所有动物实验都获得河南中医药大学伦理学委员会批准。

葶苈大枣泻肺汤  /  哮喘  /  免疫反应  /  炎症反应  /  肠道菌群

The study aims to explore the intervention mechanism of Tingli Dazao Xiefei Decoction on asthma from the perspective of immune inflammation and intestinal flora, providing a theoretical basis for guiding clinical medication. The ovalbumin (OVA) asthmatic rat model was established by intraperitoneal injection of OVA sensitization solution and aerosol challenge, and divided into control (CON), model (M), dexamethasone group (DEX, 0.075 mg·kg-1) and Tingli Dazao Xiefei Decoction (TLDZ, 3.5 g·kg-1). Firstly, the effects of Tingli Dazao Xiefei Decoction on asthma symptoms of rats, lung and trachea pathological changes of asthmatic rats were observed by inducing cough and asthma experiment, phenol red excretion, hematoxylin-eosin staining (H & E), Masson and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining; the levels of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), interleukin (IL) 6 and IL-10 in rat serum and the levels of interferon γ (IFN-γ), immunoglobulin E (IgE), IL-4, IL-17A and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were detected by ELISA; the mRNA levels of IL-5, IL-13 and IL-33 in the lung were determined by qRT-PCR; the levels of macrophages and neutrophils in the spleen and the levels of natural killer cell (NK), helper T cell (Thc), dendritic cell (DC), regulatory T cell (Treg) and T helper cell 17 (Th17) in the peripheral blood were measured by flow cytometry combined with immunohistochemistry; the intestinal flora of asthmatic rats were analyzed by 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. Pathology and inflammatory results showed that Tingli Dazao Xiefei Decoction could effectively alleviate the asthma symptoms in rats, improve the pathological changes of lung tissue, reduce the production of goblet cells and collagen fibers, and reduce the inflammatory response in asthmatic rats; the results of immune cells showed that Tingli Dazao Xiefei Decoction could effectively increase the levels of NK, Thc, DC and Treg cells and reduce the levels of macrophages, neutrophils and Th17 cells in asthmatic rats; the results of intestinal flora showed that Tingli Dazao Xiefei Decoction could increase the levels of Lactobacillus, Ruminococcus, Christensenellaceae, Bifidobacterium and Eubacterium]_xylanophilum-group, and decrease the levels of Firmicutes, Desulfovibrio, Mucispirillum and Romboutsia in asthmatic rats. Therefore, it is speculated that Tingli Dazao Xiefei Decoction can improve the symptom of asthmatic rats by regulating the immune inflammation and intestinal flora in the asthmatic rats. All animal experiments in this article were approved by the Ethics Committee of Henan University of Chinese Medicine.

Tingli Dazao Xiefei Decoction  /  asthma  /  immune response  /  inflammation  /  intestinal flora
张贝贝, 曾梦楠, 张钦钦, 王茹, 郭彭莉, 卢婉晴, 贾菊芳, 刘萌, 张宇涵, 冯卫生, 郑晓珂. 葶苈大枣泻肺汤对哮喘大鼠免疫炎症和肠道菌群的影响. 药学学报, 2022 , 57 (8) : 2364 -2377 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0116
Bei-bei ZHANG, Meng-nan ZENG, Qin-qin ZHANG, Ru WANG, Peng-li GUO, Wan-qing LU, Ju-fang JIA, Meng LIU, Yu-han ZHANG, Wei-sheng FENG, Xiao-ke ZHENG. Effects of Tingli Dazao Xiefei Decoction on the immune inflammation and intestinal flora in asthmatic rats[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2022 , 57 (8) : 2364 -2377 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0116
中医上最早将哮喘称为“哮病”[1], 是一种反复发作的痰鸣气喘病证, 常伴喉中有哮鸣声、气促咳喘、急促不安等症状, 主要病因病机为痰饮内伏, 遇外来因素感触而发, 反复不已, 是中医临床上常见的多发性难治疾病。哮喘的本质是一种慢性呼吸道炎症, 机体免疫的紊乱和炎症因子的释放最终导致哮喘发病[2]。并且, 肠道微生物群与哮喘的表型特征有关, 包括气道高反应性、哮喘控制程度和气道炎症等[3]。西医对哮喘炎症的首选药是激素, 但不良反应较大, 而中医药治疗哮喘历史悠久, 具有多靶点、多途径的特征, 且取得了良好的临床疗效[4]
葶苈大枣泻肺汤是临床治疗哮喘的经典方剂。如早在《金匮要略》就有“支饮不得息, 葶苈大枣泻肺汤主之”, “肺痈喘不得卧, 葶苈大枣泻肺汤主之”的记载。中医典籍《千金方衍义》中明确提出, 大枣具有通津液、补脾补肺的临床疗效, 葶苈子可泻肺破水, 利用葶苈大枣泻肺汤治疗支气管哮喘可达到泻肺的临床疗效, 且对患者脾脏无损伤[5]。但是, 葶苈大枣泻肺汤对哮喘免疫炎症和肠道菌群的作用及机制未见文献报道, 需深入研究, 理论依据也有待完善。因此, 本文旨在从免疫炎症和肠道菌群角度探究葶苈大枣泻肺汤治疗哮喘的作用机制, 为临床用药提供更多数据支撑。
实验动物    雄性SD大鼠, SPF级, 体重180~220 g, 购自济南朋悦实验动物繁育有限公司[许可证号: SCXK (鲁) 20190003]。实验动物许可证号: SYXK (豫) 2020-0004, 伦理审查批准编号: DWLL2018080003。动物饲养于清洁级动物房中, 12 h光照, 恒温24 ℃, 自由饮食、饮水。
药品与试剂    醋酸地塞米松片购自上海金不换兰考制药有限公司。葶苈子和大枣购买于北京同仁堂, 葶苈子经河南中医药大学董诚明教授鉴定, 为十字花科播娘蒿属植物播娘蒿Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb. ex Prantl. (习称“南葶苈子”或“甜葶苈”) 的干燥成熟种子。按照《金匮要略》中记载葶苈大枣泻肺汤人用剂量(15 g), 以体表面积折算为大鼠等效剂量的14倍量即3.5 g·kg-1进行给药。
葶苈大枣提取物制备[6, 7]: 先取152枚大枣, 加入7.6 L水煎煮后, 取5.1 L大枣水对葶苈子191.1 g进行煎煮, 后减压浓缩至630 mL。
CD4-FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate) 抗体(11-0041-82)、CD25-PE (phycoerythrin) 抗体(12-0251-82)、Foxp3-APC (forkhead box protein P3-allophycocyanin) 抗体(17-5773-82)、CD8a-FITC抗体(11-0081-82)、CD4-PE抗体(12-0041-82)、CD3e-PerCP-Cyanine5.5 (CD3e-peridinin chlorophyll protein-Cyanine5.5) 抗体(45-0031-82)、IL-17A-APC抗体(17-7177-81)、CD11c-PE抗体(12-0144-82) 和CD86-FITC抗体(11-0860-82) 购自赛默飞公司; CD3-PE抗体(550353)、CD4-PerCP抗体(553052)、Alexa Fluor 647 rat anti-mouse F4/80抗体(565853)、PE rat anti-mouse Ly-6G and Ly-6C抗体(553128)、CD49b-PE抗体(553858)、Annexin V-PE/7-AAD (7-aminoactinomycin D) 凋亡试剂盒(559763) 购于美国BD公司; 活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS) 试剂盒(CA1410) 购于北京索莱宝科技有限公司; 转化生长因子β1 (transforming growth factor β1, TGF-β1, ERC107b)、白细胞介素17A (interleukin 17A, IL-17A, ERC170)、免疫球蛋白E (immunoglobulin E, IgE, ERC117) 和肿瘤坏死因子α (tumor necrosis factor α, TNF-α, ERC102a) 购于欣博盛生物科技有限公司; 白细胞介素6 (interleukin 6, IL-6, RK00020)、白细胞介素10 (interleukin 10, IL-10, RK00050)、白细胞介素4 (interleukin 4, IL-4, RK00040) 和γ干扰素(interferon γ, IFN-γ, RK00199) 购自ABclonal公司; HiScript III RT SuperMix (R323-01), 2× ChamQ Universal SYBR qPCR Master Mix (Q711-02) 购于南京诺维赞生物科技股份有限公司; 引物由武汉塞维尔生物有限公司设计合成, 引物序列见表 1
仪器与设备    BioTek全功能酶标仪(美国伯腾仪器有限公司); 流式细胞仪(美国BD Biosciences); Amnis FlowSight成像流式细胞仪(美国Luminex有限公司); 双色近红外成像系统(美国LI-COR Biosciences); ABI QuantStudio 5实时荧光定量PCR系统(美国ThermoFisher公司); YLS-8A多功能诱咳引喘仪(济南益延科技发展有限公司)。
哮喘模型的建立及动物分组    40只雄性SD大鼠随机挑选10只为空白组, 剩余大鼠进行造模, 造模时间分为致敏期和激发期。分别在第0、7天, 给予模型组大鼠腹腔注射致敏液[10 mg V级卵清蛋白(ovalbumin, OVA) + 10 mg氢氧化铝凝胶] 致敏(1 mL/200 g)。第15~21天连续雾化激发7天(激发液: II级OVA, 2 g/100 mL), 每次雾化激发30 min。以大鼠出现呼吸急促、气喘咳逆、点头呼吸、腹肌抽搐频率较快、口唇发绀等症状为造模成功。分为模型组、地塞米松组(0.075 mg·kg-1·d-1)、葶苈大枣泻肺汤组(3.5 g·kg-1·d-1), 每天雾化前30 min灌胃给药1次, 空白和模型组灌胃等体积的蒸馏水, 连续给药7天, 禁食12 h, 腹主动脉取血后, 剪开大鼠颈部皮肤暴露气管, 注入生理盐水灌洗4次, 收集肺泡灌洗液。将血液样本和肺泡灌洗液样本3 000 r·min-1离心30 min取上清, 同肺脏和气管等组织测定相关指标。
咳喘次数和咳喘潜伏期及酚红排泌的测定    末次给药30 min后, 将大鼠置于多功能诱咳引喘仪内, 用25%氨水喷雾诱咳15 s取出, 以大鼠腹肌收缩, 同时张嘴为标准, 记录大鼠的咳嗽潜伏期及2 min内咳嗽次数; 用2%氯化乙酰胆碱和0.1%磷酸组胺的等体积混合液诱发大鼠气喘, 记录2 min内大鼠的引喘潜伏期和喘息次数。此外, 参考本课题组前期报道[8]方法测定气管酚红排泌含量, 末次给药30 min后, 腹腔注射5%酚红溶液(1 mL/100 g), 30 min后处死大鼠, 剪开颈部皮肤, 小心分离气管, 剪取自甲状软骨气管至气管分支处的一段气管, 放进盛有2 mL 0.9%氯化钠注射液的试管中, 再加1 mol·L-1 NaOH溶液0.1 mL, 后用紫外分光光度计于波长546 nm测定吸光度值, 用已知浓度的酚红溶液做标准曲线, 根据标准曲线计算样本中酚红含量。
肺组织病理学检查    取大鼠右肺前叶和气管于4%多聚甲醛固定液中浸泡24 h, 用酒精梯度脱水, 二甲苯透明, 石蜡包埋, 切成5 μm薄片, 二甲苯脱蜡, 酒精梯度洗脱。分别进行H & E、Masson和PAS染色。并对病理学结果进行评分, 每只大鼠肺组织染色切片随机选取6个视野, 参照文献[9]对肺组织H & E、Masson和PAS染色评分。肺泡间隔增厚评分标准[9]如下: 0分: 正常, 无肺泡间隔增厚; 1分: 轻度增厚, 肺泡间隔增厚至正常厚度的1~2倍; 2分: 中度增厚, 肺泡间隔增厚至正常厚度的3~5倍; 3分: 重度增厚, 肺泡间隔增厚至正常厚度的5倍以上。炎性细胞浸润评分标准: 0分: 正常, 无或偶见炎性细胞浸润; 1分: 轻度细胞浸润, 散在炎性细胞浸润, 或偶可见部分聚集成团; 2分: 中度浸润, 炎性细胞聚集成团, 但尚未侵及支气管黏膜下层; 3分: 重度细胞浸润, 大量炎性细胞成团浸润, 侵及支气管黏膜下层甚至黏膜层。PAS阳性面积评分标准[10]: 0分: 气道上皮无阳性着色; 1分: 上皮着色面积 < 25%; 2分: 上皮着色面积25%~50%; 3分: 上皮着色面积50%~75%; 4分: 上皮着色成团、层叠, 面积 > 75%。采用Image J软件分析Masson染色中胶原纤维阳性的IOD值。
原代肺细胞凋亡和ROS的测定    取右肺(10 mg) 经胰酶消化并加入胎牛血清终止消化后, 于70 μm滤网过滤收集肺细胞, 根据ROS试剂盒和细胞凋亡试剂盒说明书操作进行染色, 流式细胞仪上机分析。
炎症因子的测定    严格按照试剂盒说明书, ELISA测定大鼠血清中TGF-β1、IL-6和IL-10水平和肺泡灌洗液中IFN-γ、IgE、IL-4、IL-17和TNF-α水平。
mRNA表达的检测    提取大鼠肺脏组织总RNA, 使用HiScript III RT SuperMix预混液进行逆转录得到cDNA, 最后采用ChamQ通用SYBR qPCR预混液, 以GAPDH为内参基因通过实时荧光定量PCR对IL-5IL-13IL-33的mRNA水平进行分析, 并采用2-△△Ct法计算mRNA相对表达量。
脾脏和外周血免疫细胞分析    取研磨过滤并裂解红细胞后的脾细胞, 加入FITC rat anti-mouse CD45、AF647 rat anti-mouse F4/80和PE rat anti-mouse Ly-6G and 6C分别对巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞进行标记。
每个样本取5管100 μL的外周血, 加入CD4-FITC、CD25-PE和Foxp3-APC标记Treg细胞, 加入CD3-PE、CD4-PerCP和IL-17A-APC标记Th17细胞, 加入CD49b-PE和CD3e-PerCP-Cyanine5.5标记NK细胞, 加入CD3e-PerCP-Cyanine5.5、CD8a-FITC和CD4-PE标记Thc细胞, 加入CD11c-PE和CD86-FITC标记DC细胞。加入抗体避光孵育25 min后, PBS洗涤2遍, 400 μL PBS重悬后上机分析。
免疫组化测定脾脏巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞表达    将脾脏标本经组织固定液固定等步骤制成蜡块, 切片机5 μm切片, 逐步按照试剂盒说明书进行规范操作。
16S rDNA高通量测序技术分析肠道菌群采用E.Z.N.A.R粪便DNA提取试剂盒, 根据说明书提取DNA。总DNA用50 μL洗脱缓冲液洗脱, 并在-80 ℃下保存, 由中国浙江杭州联川生物技术有限公司进行PCR检测。采用338F (5'-ACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAG-3') 和806R (5'-GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT-3') 引物对细菌16S rDNA基因片段的V3~V4区进行扩增, 并对通用引物进行测序。在25 μL (含25 ng模板DNA、12.5 μL PCR预混合液、每个引物各2.5 μL) 反应体系下进行PCR扩增, PCR产物采用2%琼脂糖凝胶电泳进行验证。PCR产物用AMPure XT珠(美国Beckman Coulter Genomics公司) 纯化, 并用Qubit (美国Invitrogen公司) 定量, 之后在Illumina Miseq平台上进行测序。Miseq测序完成后, 利用overlap将原始下机数据进行双端拼接, 拼接完成后进行质控、嵌合体过滤, 获得高质量的clean data。对最终获得clean data进行聚类分析, 将相似度≥ 97%的序列视为一个操作分类单元(OTUs)。过滤singleton (所有样本中只出现一次的OTU) 及丰度低于所有样本总序列数的十万分之一), 获得最终的OTU丰度及代表序列, 进一步进行多样性分析、物种分类注释和差异分析等。
基于网络药理学构建葶苈大枣泻肺汤-活性成分-靶点-哮喘网络    通过中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology, TCMSP, http://tcmspw.com.zzulib.vpn358.com/tcmsp.php), 以“葶苈子”、“大枣”为关键词检索其化学成分, 并以口服生物利用度(oral bioavailability, OB) ≥ 30%、类药性(drug-likeness, DL) ≥ 0.18为标准进行候选活性成分筛选, 并收集候选活性成分所对应靶点。基于Uniprot数据库(https://www.uniprot.org/) 和Perl软件将已筛选出的靶蛋白名称进行基因注释。基于GeneCards数据库(https://www.genecards.org/), 以“哮喘”为关键词进行检索。通过jvenn (http://jvenn.toulouse.inra.fr/app/example.html) 将葶苈子、大枣有效靶点与支气管哮喘相关的疾病靶点进行映射建立Venn图, 筛选葶苈大枣泻肺汤治疗哮喘的潜在靶点。运用网络可视化软件Cytoscape3.9.0构建“葶苈大枣泻肺汤-活性成分-靶点-哮喘”的调控网络。
统计学处理    采用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计学分析, 计量结果以均值±标准差($ \stackrel{-}{x} $ ± s) 表示, 多组之间采用单因素方差分析(one way-ANOVA), P < 0.05表示显著性差异, P < 0.01表示极显著性差异。
图 1所示, 哮喘大鼠酚红排泌量和咳喘潜伏时间显著降低(P < 0.01), 咳喘次数显著增加(P < 0.01); 但是在给药葶苈大枣泻肺汤后, 咳嗽和喘息次数明显减少(P < 0.01), 酚红排泌量和潜伏时间也显著升高(P < 0.05或P < 0.01)。
肺脏H & E染色结果显示(图 2), 正常组大鼠肺组织结构完整, 未见明显炎性细胞浸润和聚集; 哮喘大鼠可见明显的气道增厚, 分泌物增多, 肺泡结构破坏; 葶苈大枣泻肺汤可显著改善肺组织结构, 使分泌物减少, 显著减轻气道壁增厚症状(P < 0.05)。Masson染色结果显示, 正常组气道周围未见明显胶原纤维沉积; 模型组气道周围大量胶原纤维沉积; 葶苈大枣泻肺汤和地塞米松可显著减少胶原纤维沉积(P < 0.01)。PAS染色结果显示, 模型组气道上皮杯状细胞增多, 管腔内黏液高分泌; 与模型组相比, 葶苈大枣泻肺汤和地塞米松组有少量杯状细胞化生和黏液分泌(P < 0.01)。
气管H & E染色结果如图 3所示, 模型组大鼠气管可见气管基底膜增厚, 气管上皮细胞增生, 葶苈大枣泻肺汤和地塞米松可有效改善该症状。
图 4所示, 哮喘大鼠给药葶苈大枣泻肺汤后, 可显著降低模型大鼠肺泡灌洗液中IgE、IL-4、IL-17A和TNF-α水平及血清中IL-6和TGF-β1水平(P < 0.01或P < 0.05), 增加肺泡灌洗液中IFN-γ和血清中IL-10的水平(P < 0.01或P < 0.05)。此外, 葶苈大枣泻肺汤也可显著抑制模型大鼠肺组织中IL-5、IL-13和IL-33 mRNA表达(P < 0.05)。
图 5所示, 模型组大鼠原代肺细胞ROS水平显著升高, 且肺组织中MDA (malondialdehyde) 水平显著升高, GSH-Px (glutathione peroxidase) 和T-SOD (total-superoxide dismutase) 酶活性显著降低(P < 0.01); 葶苈大枣泻肺汤可显著抑制哮喘大鼠体内氧化应激反应(P < 0.01)。此外, 葶苈大枣泻肺汤可显著降低哮喘大鼠原代肺细胞凋亡水平, 并增加活细胞数量(P < 0.01)。
流式细胞术检测外周血中CD3e+CD49b+ NK细胞、CD3e+CD4+和CD3e+CD8a+ Thc细胞、CD86+和CD11c+ DC细胞、CD4+CD25+和CD25+Foxp3+ Treg细胞和CD3+CD4+IL-17A+ Th17细胞水平结果如图 67所示, 模型大鼠外周血中CD3e+CD49b+ NK细胞、CD3e+CD4+和CD3e+CD8a+ Thc细胞、CD86+和CD11c+ DC细胞、CD4+CD25+和CD25+Foxp3+ Treg细胞水平显著降低(P < 0.01), CD3+CD4+IL-17A+ Th17细胞水平显著升高(P < 0.01), 葶苈大枣泻肺汤可有效调节哮喘大鼠外周血中免疫细胞水平, 增强其免疫能力。
流式细胞术结合免疫组化检测脾脏中CD68标记的巨噬细胞和MPO标记的中性粒细胞水平结果如图 8所示, 模型组大鼠脾脏中巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞水平显著升高(P < 0.01), 给药葶苈大枣泻肺汤后, 巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞水平显著降低(P < 0.05); 此外, 葶苈大枣泻肺汤也可显著增加模型大鼠脾脏中CD11c标记的DC细胞水平(P < 0.01)。
根据16S rDNA测序结果进行Alpha多样性分析, 绘制大鼠肠道菌群的Chao1丰富度指数和Shannon多样性指数盒型图(图 9), 结果显示模型组的Chao1指数和Shannon指数显著降低(P < 0.01或P < 0.05), 葶苈大枣泻肺汤对哮喘大鼠肠道菌群的Chao1指数和Shannon指数有回调趋势。
PCoA主成分分析结果显示(图 10), 模型组与正常组、地塞米松和葶苈大枣泻肺汤组距离较远, 菌群构成存在明显差异。
大鼠肠道菌群在属水平上相对丰度的结果(图 11) 表明, 模型组大鼠乳酸杆菌、瘤胃球菌、克里斯滕森菌、双歧杆菌和真杆菌属水平的相对丰度降低, 厚壁菌MucispirillumRomboutsia和脱硫弧菌属水平相对丰度增加; 葶苈大枣泻肺汤可调节上述菌群属水平上的相对丰度。
通过构建“葶苈大枣泻肺汤-活性成分-靶点-哮喘网络”可知(图 12), 葶苈大枣泻肺汤中山柰酚、槲皮素、异鼠李素、β-谷甾醇、豆甾醇和β-胡萝卜素对应的潜在有效靶点较多, 提示其可能为葶苈大枣泻肺汤治疗哮喘的候选活性成分。
葶苈大枣泻肺汤最早记载于《金匮要略》, 由葶苈子和大枣组成, 具有泻肺行水和下气平喘之功效, 主治痰涎壅盛和咳喘胸满等证[11]。临床上常在此方的基础上进行加减用于治疗哮喘[12], 但是理论依据和作用机制仍有待明确。本文研究表明, 葶苈大枣泻肺汤可以显著改善大鼠哮喘症状和肺部组织病理变化, 减少杯状细胞产生, 减轻哮喘大鼠炎症反应, 调节免疫反应及肠道菌群的紊乱, 为临床使用葶苈大枣泻肺汤治疗哮喘奠定了理论基础。
哮喘是一种以气道高反应和Th2细胞因子释放增加为特征的慢性炎症疾病[13]。Th1/Th2细胞失衡是哮喘的关键发病机制之一, 哮喘发生时, Th2阻断Th1细胞分泌IFN-γ, 也可以分泌IL-4、IL-5和IL-13并激活巨噬细胞, 同时促进IgE的产生和气道高反应[14], 在病理条件下, IgE结合肥大细胞相应抗原, 可刺激肥大细胞释放化学物质, 升高IgE水平, 使哮喘加剧[15]。肺细胞凋亡诱导促炎细胞因子TNF-α和TGF-β1的释放, 同时产生ROS并引起炎症反应。TNF-α是哮喘进程的重要启动因子[16], IL-6和IL-10在哮喘中也参与了机体的炎症反应, 抑制TGF-β1能够缓解哮喘造成的气道重塑和炎症反应[17]。本研究发现, 葶苈大枣泻肺汤可显著抑制哮喘大鼠肺原代细胞凋亡和ROS的产生, 降低血清中IL-6和TGF-β1水平, 增加IL-10水平; 同时降低肺泡灌洗液中IL-4、TNF-α和IgE水平, 增加IFN-γ的水平, 并降低肺组织中IL-5和IL-13 mRNA水平, 从而抑制哮喘大鼠体内的炎症反应, 改善哮喘症状。
中性粒细胞是先天免疫的第一道防线, 通过分泌各种酶、炎症介质、细胞因子等介导哮喘Th2炎症, 引起气道高反应性[18]。IL-17A水平与哮喘患者痰液中的中性粒细胞计数成正相关[19], 其可以通过上皮细胞和内皮细胞分泌细胞因子、趋化因子及炎症介质促进中性粒细胞活化和募集从而介导中性粒细胞引起的炎症[20]。Th2与Th17共同促进中性粒细胞聚集于气道, 引起气道反应性增加, Th17可不依赖Th2诱导气道重构[21]。Th17/Treg细胞的失衡可促进气道炎症, 在免疫应答反应中起重要作用[22]。Th17可诱发中性粒细胞炎症反应, Treg通过分泌IL-10防止过度的炎症反应来调节对过敏原的免疫反应并维持免疫稳态[23]。实验结果发现, 葶苈大枣泻肺汤可显著降低哮喘大鼠的中性粒细胞和Th17水平, 并上调Treg水平。
中性粒细胞集聚在炎症部位后, 血液中的单核细胞被大量招募, 然后分化为巨噬细胞和树突状细胞[24]。巨噬细胞是参与组织稳态和宿主防御的重要先天免疫细胞, 是修复组织吞噬功能恢复的主要细胞, 其吞噬功能受损是哮喘加重的关键因素之一[25], 通过分子干预调节巨噬细胞表型治疗哮喘疾病具有重要潜力。DC是重要的抗原呈递细胞, 是机体免疫的始动者, 可调节Th1/Th2细胞失衡, 促使IFN-γ分泌增加且IL-4分泌减少, 在启动和控制哮喘免疫反应时发挥关键作用[26, 27]。IL-33表达在巨噬细胞和树突状细胞等多种免疫细胞上, 在气道上皮受损后释放, 并使平滑肌细胞增厚, 参与气道重塑, 增加气道阻力, 促进哮喘发展[28]。NK是效应性淋巴细胞的一种, 也是天然免疫反应中的重要防线, 可通过免疫调节作用协调其他免疫细胞的功能, 激活NK细胞可杀伤嗜酸性粒细胞从而介导过敏性炎症的消退。研究结果表明, 葶苈大枣泻肺汤可显著降低哮喘大鼠巨噬细胞和IL-33水平, 但是可增CD86+和CD11c+ DC细胞和CD3e+CD49b+ NK细胞、CD3e+CD4+和CD3e+CD8a+ Thc细胞水平。
肠道是人体菌群定植最密集的器官, 肠道菌群可直接作为抗原[29], 促进肠相关淋巴细胞产生抗体, 以清除抗原; 也可影响短链脂肪酸等肠道内代谢物质影响宿主免疫。肠道菌群可通过先天免疫和后天免疫借助DC、Treg细胞以呈递抗原、清除病原的方式参与宿主免疫过程[30]。肠道菌群失调与哮喘的发生发展有着密切的关系, 可通过影响T细胞的发育和分化, 破坏肠道上皮的完整性和黏膜稳态, 影响肥大细胞归巢等机制导致哮喘发生[31]。研究表明, 通过补充微生物源短链脂肪酸也能显著减少过敏原诱导的小鼠气道炎症的发生[32]; 口服短双歧杆菌M-16V可通过降低尘螨哮喘模型小鼠气道IL-6和IL-4水平明显改善气道炎症[33]。肠道菌群对肠外T细胞群的扩增和分化具有重要作用, 是CD4+ T细胞、Th1、Th2细胞、Treg细胞和Th17细胞扩增所必需的, 也可通过多种途径来发挥调节机体免疫和维持Th细胞之间平衡的作用。本实验通过16S rDNA测序技术对哮喘大鼠肠道菌群进行分析发现, 葶苈大枣泻肺汤可增加哮喘大鼠乳酸杆菌、瘤胃球菌、克里斯滕森菌、双歧杆菌和真杆菌属水平, 降低厚壁菌、Mucispirillum、Romboutsia和脱硫弧菌属水平。
此外, 本研究通过构建“葶苈大枣泻肺汤-活性成分-靶点-哮喘网络”得出, 葶苈大枣泻肺汤中山柰酚、槲皮素、异鼠李素、β-谷甾醇、豆甾醇和β-胡萝卜素对应的潜在有效靶点较多, 因此初步推测, 其可能为葶苈大枣泻肺汤治疗哮喘的候选活性成分。
综上, 葶苈大枣泻肺汤可通过调节免疫炎症, 并改善肠道菌群紊乱从而减轻大鼠哮喘症状, 为临床用药提供理论依据, 奠定基础。
作者贡献: 张贝贝和曾梦楠负责实验设计、数据整理及论文初稿撰写; 张钦钦、王茹、郭彭莉、卢婉晴、贾菊芳、刘萌和张宇涵负责实验操作及文献的整理; 郑晓珂和冯卫生为本文的通讯作者, 负责实验进程的把关、实验设计及稿件修改。
利益冲突: 本文的研究内容无任何利益冲突。
  • 国家重点研发计划-基于科学假说的中药引经和升降浮沉药性理论研究(2019YFC1708800)
  • 河南省高层次人才特殊支持计划“中原千人计划”-中原领军人才(ZYQR201810080)
  • 呼吸疾病中医药防治省部共建协同创新中心研究生科研创新基金资助([2022]002)
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2022年第57卷第8期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0116
  • 接收时间:2022-01-25
  • 首发时间:2025-12-23
  • 出版时间:2022-08-12
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  • 收稿日期:2022-01-25
  • 修回日期:2022-03-23
基金
国家重点研发计划-基于科学假说的中药引经和升降浮沉药性理论研究(2019YFC1708800)
河南省高层次人才特殊支持计划“中原千人计划”-中原领军人才(ZYQR201810080)
呼吸疾病中医药防治省部共建协同创新中心研究生科研创新基金资助([2022]002)
作者信息
    1.河南中医药大学药学院, 河南 郑州 450046
    2.河南省中药开发工程技术研究中心, 河南 郑州 450046
    3.河南中医药大学呼吸疾病中医药防治省部共建协同创新中心, 河南 郑州 450046

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*冯卫生, Tel: 86-370-60190296, E-mail: ;
郑晓珂, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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