Article(id=1210148015441047890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210148010437243088, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0289, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1646582400000, receivedDateStr=2022-03-07, revisedDate=1648483200000, revisedDateStr=2022-03-29, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766451370343, onlineDateStr=2025-12-23, pubDate=1660233600000, pubDateStr=2022-08-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766451370343, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766451370343, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766451370343, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1210148010437243088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2022', volume='57', issue='8', pageStart='2245', pageEnd='2556', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766451369151, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766451533022, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210148697808179705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210148010437243088, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210148697808179706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210148010437243088, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2503, endPage=2511, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1210148016955191666, articleId=1210148015441047890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Accelerated stability test of sustained-release thienorphine loaded microspheres for injection, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to meet the clinical needs of long-acting sustained-release thienorphine, injectable thienorphine loaded microspheres were developed, and the accelerated stability study was carried out to explore the suitable storage and transportation conditions of the microspheres. Using poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) as carrier material, 3 batches of microspheres were prepared in pilot scale with emulsion solvent evaporation method. By investigating the in vitro release of thienorphine loaded microspheres at 37, 45, 52, and 60 ℃, and applying the Arrhenius equation, the linear relationship between the release rate constant (lgk) and the temperature (1/T) was established to obtain the equation: lgk = -8.073/T + 24.35 (R2 = 0.985 3), which showed that the release of microspheres at high temperature can be used to predict the release in vitro at 37 ℃, and 52.0 ± 0.5 ℃ was selected as the accelerated release condition in vitro. The quality research methods were established to investigate the changes of critical quality attributes such as microsphere morphology, drug loading, particle size and distribution, polymer molecular weight, and the related substances under accelerated conditions. The difference factor f1 and similarity factor f2 were used to assess the similarity of release behavior under accelerated conditions. The results showed that under the accelerated experimental conditions of 25 ± 2 ℃ and relative humidity (RH) 60% ± 5%, the critical quality attributes of injectable thienorphine loaded microspheres had no significant change in 6 months, suggesting that the long-term storage condition could be 5 ± 3 ℃.

, correspAuthors=Peng YU, Jing GAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2022 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xu-dong DAI, Shan WANG, Jin-wei DI, Ming-yuan LI, Peng YU, Ai-ping ZHENG, Jing GAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1210148018297369045, articleId=1210148015441047890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=注射用噻吩诺啡缓释微球加速稳定性研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为满足噻吩诺啡长效缓释的临床需求, 研制注射用噻吩诺啡微球, 本研究进行了其加速稳定性研究, 探究该微球适宜的贮存运输条件。以丙交酯乙交酯共聚物[poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), PLGA] 为载体材料, 使用乳化溶剂挥发法, 制备了3批中试规模的噻吩诺啡微球。通过考察37、45、52、60 ℃下微球的体外释放, 应用阿伦尼乌斯方程, 建立释放速率常数(lgk) 与温度(1/T) 之间的线性关系, 得到方程: lgk = -8.073/T + 24.35 (R2 = 0.985 3)。结果显示, 可使用高温下微球释放预测37 ℃体外释放, 选择52.0 ± 0.5 ℃作为体外加速释放条件。建立质量研究方法, 考察微球形貌、载药量、粒径及粒径分布、聚合物分子质量、有关物质等关键质量属性在加速条件下的变化, 并以差异因子f1与相似因子f2比较加速条件下释放行为的相似性。结果发现, 注射用噻吩诺啡缓释微球在25 ± 2 ℃、相对湿度(relative humidity, RH) 60% ± 5%的加速稳定性试验条件下, 6个月各关键质量属性均未发生显著变化, 提示微球可短期贮存于室温, 长期贮存可放置在5 ± 3 ℃条件下。

, correspAuthors=郁彭, 高静, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*郁彭, E-mail: ;
高静, E-mail:
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Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100850, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210148018662273524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148015441047890, companyId=1210148018637107696, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.军事科学院军事医学研究院毒物药物研究所, 北京 100850)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1210148023519277781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148015441047890, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=6soLxizv+jpTGyJfKw2i9w==, figureFileBig=U9IdjLNmeElNqPKATzF5Lw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148023720604378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148015441047890, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= Content determination methodology validation-specific test , figureFileSmall=6soLxizv+jpTGyJfKw2i9w==, figureFileBig=U9IdjLNmeElNqPKATzF5Lw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148023972262630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148015441047890, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=lHPBj3NhtHHCoQ017NlWpw==, figureFileBig=3VmQ1k8o2icaeBTzMMMslA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148024072925934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148015441047890, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Establishment of accelerated conditions for thienorphine long-acting sustained-release microspheres. A: Thienorphine release from poly(lactic-<i>co</i>-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres at 37, 45, 52, and 60 ℃ in phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH 4). Lines are fitted through the data post burst release; B: Arrhenius plot of the rate of thienorphine release from microspheres (PBS, pH 4) as a function of temperature at 60, 52, and 45 ℃ (shown as circle). Rate constants at 37 ℃ for predicted and experimental values are shown as a solid and a closed circle, respectively; C: Semi-logarithmic plot of the change in polymer weight-average molecular weight (Mw) with time. 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PDI: Polydispersity index. <i>n</i> = 3, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \stackrel{-}{x} $</span> ± <i>s</i> , figureFileSmall=VQE2P5Oz89um1lNiG/n+RA==, figureFileBig=7BS7vGATgOplCUxYfvCMIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148026337850168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148015441047890, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Batch numberTime/monthRecovery percent/%f1f2
202104040100.00 ± 0.03
1100.7 ± 0.013100
298.9 ± 0.056100
399.8 ± 0.035100
698.2 ± 0.016100
202104060100.00 ± 0.03
1101.4 ± 0.013100
299.9 ± 0.023100
3100.7 ± 0.076100
699.0 ± 0.033100
202104080100.00 ± 0.08
1101.0 ± 0.033100
299.4 ± 0.033100
399.4 ± 0.047100
699.4 ± 0.017100
), ArticleFig(id=1210148026446902080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148015441047890, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

The critical quality attributes determined in the accelerated stability tests. f1: Difference factor; f2: Similarity factor. n = 3, $ \stackrel{-}{x} $ ± s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Batch numberTime/monthRecovery percent/%f1f2
202104040100.00 ± 0.03
1100.7 ± 0.013100
298.9 ± 0.056100
399.8 ± 0.035100
698.2 ± 0.016100
202104060100.00 ± 0.03
1101.4 ± 0.013100
299.9 ± 0.023100
3100.7 ± 0.076100
699.0 ± 0.033100
202104080100.00 ± 0.08
1101.0 ± 0.033100
299.4 ± 0.033100
399.4 ± 0.047100
699.4 ± 0.017100
), ArticleFig(id=1210148026589508428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148015441047890, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Batch numberTime/monthImpurity B%Impurity G%%Ratio of all impurity
RRT%Ratio of impurityRRT%Ratio of impurity
2021040400.380.930.1450.145
10.380.0650.930.1520.217
20.380.0780.930.1290.207
30.380.0910.930.1360.136
60.380.0990.930.1370.240
2021040600.380.930.1430.143
10.380.0630.930.1290.192
20.380.0740.930.1150.188
30.380.0860.930.0810.081
60.380.0970.930.1370.234
2021040800.380.930.1340.134
10.380.930.1340.134
20.380.930.1200.203
30.380.0710.930.1380.209
60.380.0990.930.1290.229
), ArticleFig(id=1210148026711143257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148015441047890, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=

The related substances of thienorphine loaded microspheres in the accelerated stability tests. RRT: Relative retention time; "-": The value is below the detection limit; Impurity B: An unknown impurity; Impurity G: A known impurity

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Batch numberTime/monthImpurity B%Impurity G%%Ratio of all impurity
RRT%Ratio of impurityRRT%Ratio of impurity
2021040400.380.930.1450.145
10.380.0650.930.1520.217
20.380.0780.930.1290.207
30.380.0910.930.1360.136
60.380.0990.930.1370.240
2021040600.380.930.1430.143
10.380.0630.930.1290.192
20.380.0740.930.1150.188
30.380.0860.930.0810.081
60.380.0970.930.1370.234
2021040800.380.930.1340.134
10.380.930.1340.134
20.380.930.1200.203
30.380.0710.930.1380.209
60.380.0990.930.1290.229
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注射用噻吩诺啡缓释微球加速稳定性研究
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代旭栋 1, 2 , 王珊 2 , 邸金威 2 , 李明媛 1 , 郁彭 1, * , 郑爱萍 2 , 高静 2, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2022,57(8): 2503-2511
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2022, 57(8): 2503-2511
注射用噻吩诺啡缓释微球加速稳定性研究
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代旭栋1, 2, 王珊2, 邸金威2, 李明媛1, 郁彭1, * , 郑爱萍2, 高静2, *
作者信息
  • 1.天津科技大学生物工程学院, 天津 300457
  • 2.军事科学院军事医学研究院毒物药物研究所, 北京 100850

通讯作者:

*郁彭, E-mail: ;
高静, E-mail:
Accelerated stability test of sustained-release thienorphine loaded microspheres for injection
Xu-dong DAI1, 2, Shan WANG2, Jin-wei DI2, Ming-yuan LI1, Peng YU1, * , Ai-ping ZHENG2, Jing GAO2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
  • 2. Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
出版时间: 2022-08-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0289
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为满足噻吩诺啡长效缓释的临床需求, 研制注射用噻吩诺啡微球, 本研究进行了其加速稳定性研究, 探究该微球适宜的贮存运输条件。以丙交酯乙交酯共聚物[poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), PLGA] 为载体材料, 使用乳化溶剂挥发法, 制备了3批中试规模的噻吩诺啡微球。通过考察37、45、52、60 ℃下微球的体外释放, 应用阿伦尼乌斯方程, 建立释放速率常数(lgk) 与温度(1/T) 之间的线性关系, 得到方程: lgk = -8.073/T + 24.35 (R2 = 0.985 3)。结果显示, 可使用高温下微球释放预测37 ℃体外释放, 选择52.0 ± 0.5 ℃作为体外加速释放条件。建立质量研究方法, 考察微球形貌、载药量、粒径及粒径分布、聚合物分子质量、有关物质等关键质量属性在加速条件下的变化, 并以差异因子f1与相似因子f2比较加速条件下释放行为的相似性。结果发现, 注射用噻吩诺啡缓释微球在25 ± 2 ℃、相对湿度(relative humidity, RH) 60% ± 5%的加速稳定性试验条件下, 6个月各关键质量属性均未发生显著变化, 提示微球可短期贮存于室温, 长期贮存可放置在5 ± 3 ℃条件下。

噻吩诺啡  /  丙交酯乙交酯共聚物  /  微球  /  加速稳定性试验  /  关键质量属性

In order to meet the clinical needs of long-acting sustained-release thienorphine, injectable thienorphine loaded microspheres were developed, and the accelerated stability study was carried out to explore the suitable storage and transportation conditions of the microspheres. Using poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) as carrier material, 3 batches of microspheres were prepared in pilot scale with emulsion solvent evaporation method. By investigating the in vitro release of thienorphine loaded microspheres at 37, 45, 52, and 60 ℃, and applying the Arrhenius equation, the linear relationship between the release rate constant (lgk) and the temperature (1/T) was established to obtain the equation: lgk = -8.073/T + 24.35 (R2 = 0.985 3), which showed that the release of microspheres at high temperature can be used to predict the release in vitro at 37 ℃, and 52.0 ± 0.5 ℃ was selected as the accelerated release condition in vitro. The quality research methods were established to investigate the changes of critical quality attributes such as microsphere morphology, drug loading, particle size and distribution, polymer molecular weight, and the related substances under accelerated conditions. The difference factor f1 and similarity factor f2 were used to assess the similarity of release behavior under accelerated conditions. The results showed that under the accelerated experimental conditions of 25 ± 2 ℃ and relative humidity (RH) 60% ± 5%, the critical quality attributes of injectable thienorphine loaded microspheres had no significant change in 6 months, suggesting that the long-term storage condition could be 5 ± 3 ℃.

thienorphine  /  poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)  /  microsphere  /  accelerated stability test  /  critical quality attribute
代旭栋, 王珊, 邸金威, 李明媛, 郁彭, 郑爱萍, 高静. 注射用噻吩诺啡缓释微球加速稳定性研究. 药学学报, 2022 , 57 (8) : 2503 -2511 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0289
Xu-dong DAI, Shan WANG, Jin-wei DI, Ming-yuan LI, Peng YU, Ai-ping ZHENG, Jing GAO. Accelerated stability test of sustained-release thienorphine loaded microspheres for injection[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2022 , 57 (8) : 2503 -2511 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0289
噻吩诺啡(thienorphine) 是由军事医学研究院毒物药物研究所合成的阿片受体部分激动剂, 与上市药物丁丙诺啡相比, 镇痛效能更强, 依赖性小, 安全系数大, 是一种高效低毒的防复吸药物[1-4]。然而, 防复吸药物的临床应用经常受限于患者的依从性。美国药物滥用研究所(National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIDA) 进行的一项研究表明, 戒毒后3~6个月通常出现药物戒断症状, 数年后仍可复发[5]。对很多患者来说, 长时间坚持每天口服脱瘾药物非常困难, 这也是造成脱毒后复吸率居高不下的主要原因。微球注射1次可在体内缓释1个月或更长时间, 被动给药及缓释释药的模式使得噻吩诺啡长效注射微球的研发具有迫切临床需求。
噻吩诺啡长效注射微球设计为每月注射1次的肌肉注射缓释制剂。微球所载药量通常为普通制剂日用剂量的十几甚至数十倍, 如果在贮存期间发生明显的理化性质变化, 可能导致体内药物释放行为的改变, 例如贮存期间如保存不当导致微球发生降解, 会加重突释, 造成严重的不良反应[6]。因此, 对噻吩诺啡微球建立质量研究方法, 进行稳定性考察十分必要[7, 8]。本文按照《中国药典》 (2020版) 四部附录9014微粒制剂指导原则和9001原料药物与制剂稳定性试验指导原则[9, 10], 建立载药量、有关物质、聚合物分子质量、粒径及粒径分布和释放行为等关键质量属性评价方法, 进行加速稳定性试验, 为确定注射用噻吩诺啡缓释微球适宜的贮存和运输条件提供指导和参考[11-13]
仪器  T18均质机(德国IKA公司); OS20S机械搅拌器(美国大龙兴创实验仪器有限公司); LGJ-18C型冷冻干燥机(北京四环科技仪器厂有限公司); JSM7900F型扫描电镜(日本日立仪器有限公司); ICH260型药物稳定性箱(德国美墨尔特有限公司); LHH-250GP型药品强光稳定性试验箱(上海蓝豹试验设备有限公司); U3000高效液相色谱仪、U3000凝胶渗透色谱仪(美国赛默飞世尔科技有限公司); Mastersizer 2000 (英国Malvern公司); SW23型恒温水浴震荡摇床(德国优莱博技术有限公司)。
试剂  噻吩诺啡原料药(中国人民解放军军事科学院军事医学研究院毒物药物研究所合成, 含量99.2%, 批号20181127); PLGA DLG 7525 2CA (美国Evonik公司); 聚乙烯醇18-88 (德国Merck公司); 聚苯乙烯对照品分子质量分别为4、10、20、30、70、150、200 kDa (美国Sigma公司); 甲醇、乙腈、三乙胺、四氢呋喃(均为色谱纯, 美国赛默飞世尔科技有限公司); 二氯甲烷(分析纯)、磷酸二氢钾(化学试剂) (国药集团化学试剂股份有限公司); Tween-20 (北京博奥拓达科技有限公司)。
载噻吩诺啡的长效注射微球制备  根据本实验室前期所建方法, 采用乳化溶剂挥发法制备噻吩诺啡微球[14]。将噻吩诺啡与PLGA共溶于二氯甲烷中作为油相, 其中PLGA质量浓度为150.0 mg·mL-1, 药物质量浓度为15.0 mg·mL-1; 配制1.15%的聚乙烯醇(PVA) 溶液作为水相, 以1 mol·L-1 NaOH调整pH至10.0; 调整油相泵速240 r·min-1, 水相泵速1 500 r·min-1, 均质速率2 000 r·min-1, 而后将所得乳液加入蒸馏水中进行固化, 固化搅拌转速150 r·min-1
将微球连同固化用水, 通过真空抽滤分离, 然后加入蒸馏水, 清洗微球至水溶液澄清、无泡沫产生为止, 而后将分散在水中的微球进行冻干。预冻阶段: 将微球放置在-20 ℃冰箱中2 h; 升华阶段: 板层温度控制在0 ℃, 并在此状态下维持8 h, 真空度低于23 Pa, 直到产品中的冻结冰升华完毕为止; 解析阶段: 板层温度加热到30 ℃并维持8 h, 最后得到粉末状微球。
载药量测定实验  色谱柱Agilent Zorbax SB C18柱(250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm); 流动相为乙腈-0.02 mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾溶液(含0.2%三乙胺, 用磷酸调至pH 3.0 ± 0.1; 45∶55); 检测波长232 nm; 流速1.0 mL·min-1; 柱温35 ℃; 进样量20 μL。供试品溶液配制: 精密称取噻吩诺啡微球约20.0 mg置50 mL量瓶中, 加入甲醇5.0 mL超声溶解后用流动相定容作为供试品溶液[15]。对照品溶液配制: 取噻吩诺啡对照品适量, 加入甲醇溶解并定量稀释制成浓度为20.0 μg·mL-1的溶液。载药量(drug loading, DL) 的计算方程如公式(1):
$ \mathrm{D}\mathrm{L}\;\left(\mathrm{\%}\right)=\frac{\mathrm{W}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{h}\mathrm{t}\;\mathrm{o}\mathrm{f}\;\mathrm{d}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{g}\;\mathrm{e}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{W}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{h}\mathrm{t}\;\mathrm{o}\mathrm{f}\;\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{c}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{p}\mathrm{h}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{s}\;\mathrm{a}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{y}\mathrm{z}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{d}}\times 100 $
载药量测定方法学验证
专属性  空白辅料: 精密称取空白微球(除微球不含药外, 制备方法同“载噻吩诺啡的长效注射微球制备”项下制备方法) 20.0 mg, 置50 mL量瓶中, 加入甲醇5.0 mL超声溶解后用流动相定容作为空白辅料。空白溶剂: 配制方法同“载药量测定实验”项下对照品溶液, 其中不含噻吩诺啡。对供试品溶液、对照品溶液、空白辅料、空白溶剂进样, 进行专属性考察。
线性及其范围  按“载药量测定实验”项下对照品配制方法, 配成质量浓度为100 μg·mL-1的储备液, 再稀释成2、4、8、16、20、30、40 μg·mL-1的溶液, 以浓度为横坐标, 峰面积为纵坐标, 绘制标准曲线。
精密度  重复性试验: 按“载药量测定实验”项下对照品溶液, 配制6份, 进行分析, 测定噻吩诺啡峰面积。中间精密度: 用不同实验人员对重复性试验中的6份溶液进样, 对测得的12个数据进行分析计算。
准确度  按“载药量测定实验”项下对照品溶液配制方法平行配制3种浓度溶液(16、20、24 μg·mL-1), 各3份, 分别进样分析。
体外加速释放方法的建立  为提高体外释放行为的测定效率, 建立加速释放方法, 评价在加速稳定性各时间点的微球释放行为变化。精密称量20.0 mg微球, 置于50 mL离心管中, 加入50 mL等温的释放介质[0.01 mol·L-1磷酸盐缓冲液(phosphate buffered saline, PBS, pH 4.0)], 分别置于37、45、52、60 ℃的水浴摇床中, 调节转速为120 r·min-1, 并于2、4、6、8、12 h和1、2、3、7、14、21、28、35、42、49、56、63天进行取样, 每隔7天更换新鲜的等温释放介质, 累积释放率到90%以上为取样终点。
依据阿伦尼乌斯方程[公式(2)], 对其进行变形处理[公式(3)], 用于判断释放速率常数与温度间的关系, 以预测37 ℃的体外释放。
$ 阿伦尼乌斯方程: k=A\times {e}^{-{E}_{\mathrm{a}}/RT} $
$ 经过变形为: \mathrm{l}\mathrm{g}k=\frac{-{E}_{\mathrm{a}}}{2.303RT}+\mathrm{l}\mathrm{g}A $
k: 温度T时的反应速率常数; A: 指前因子; Ea: 表观活化能; R: 摩尔气体常量; T: 热力学温度。
释放度测定实验  在52.0 ± 0.5 ℃恒温水浴、120 r·min-1振荡条件下, 以PBS (0.01 mol·L-1, pH 4.0) 为释放介质, 于1、3、7天取样, 每次取1.0 mL, 同时补充等量等温的新鲜释放介质。以0天的释放度作为参比样品, 计算f1差异因子与f2相似因子, 计算方程分别见公式(4) 和(5):
$ {f}_{1}=\left\{\left[{\sum }_{t=1}^{n}\left|{R}_{t}-{T}_{t}\right|\right]/\left[{\sum }_{t=1}^{n}{R}_{t}\right]\right\}\times 100 $
$ {f}_{2}=50\times \mathrm{l}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{g}\left\{{\left[1+\left(1/n\right){\sum }_{t=1}^{n}{\left({R}_{t}-{T}_{t}\right)}^{2}\right]}^{0.5}\right\}\times 100 $
色谱柱: Agilent Zorbax SB C18柱(250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm); 流动相为乙腈-0.02 mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾溶液(含0.2%三乙胺, 用磷酸调至pH 3.0 ± 0.1; 37∶63); 检测波长214 nm; 流速1.0 mL·min-1; 柱温35 ℃; 进样量20 μL。对照品溶液: 精密称取原料药约20.0 mg置50 mL量瓶中, 加入甲醇5.0 mL超声溶解后用流动相定容, 得400 μg·mL-1的储液。精密量取储液1.0 mL置25 mL量瓶中, 加入5.0 mL释放介质, 最后用流动相定容, 制得浓度为16.0 μg·mL-1的对照品溶液, 经0.45 μm尼龙滤膜过滤, 取续滤液进行测定。供试品溶液: 称取8.5 mg噻吩诺啡和91.5 mg PLGA置于100 mL量瓶中, 加入释放介质, 定容。再取2.0 mL加入10 mL量瓶中, 用释放介质定容至刻度。
释放度测定方法学验证
专属性  空白辅料: 取空白辅料PLGA 10.0 mg, 于50 mL量瓶中, 加入释放介质定容。空白溶剂: 同对照品溶液, 其中不含原料药噻吩诺啡。对供试品溶液、对照品溶液、空白辅料、空白溶剂进样, 进行专属性考察。
线性及其范围  按“释放度测定实验”项下对照品配制方法, 配制成质量浓度为100.0 μg·mL-1的储液, 再逐步稀释成1.0、2.0、5.0、10.0、20.0、50.0 μg·mL-1的溶液, 以浓度为横坐标, 峰面积为纵坐标, 绘制标准曲线。
精密度  重复性试验: 按“释放度测定实验”项下对照品溶液, 配制6份, 进行分析, 测定噻吩诺啡峰面积。中间精密度: 用不同实验人员对重复性试验中的6份溶液进样, 对测得的12个数据进行分析计算。
准确度  按“释放度测定实验”项下对照品溶液配制方法平行配制3种浓度溶液(12.8、16.0、19.2 μg·mL-1), 各3份, 分别进样分析。
稳定性  取对照品及供试品, 于25 ℃下放置2、4、8、12、16、24 h进行检测, 计算1天内对照品溶液与供试品溶液的含量变化。
有关物质检测实验  色谱柱Agilent Zorbax XBD C18柱(250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm); 流动相为乙腈-0.02 mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾溶液(含0.3%三乙胺, 用磷酸调至pH 3.0 ± 0.1; 32∶68); 检测波长213 nm; 流速1.0 mL·min-1; 柱温35 ℃; 进样量20 μL。精密称取50.0 mg噻吩诺啡微球, 置于100 mL量瓶, 加入20.0 mL甲醇、10.0 mL乙腈, 用流动相定容。采用1%自身对照对杂质进行定量分析。
有关物质检测方法学验证
专属性  精密称量625.0 mg载药微球, 于50 mL的量瓶中, 加入甲醇∶乙腈= 2∶1 (v/v), 超声溶解, 定容后作为储液备用。酸破坏供试品制备: 取2.0 mL储液于50 mL量瓶中, 加入1 mol·L-1 HCl 5.0 mL, 振摇后, 60 ℃放置12 h, 取出后, 加入1 mol·L-1 NaOH 5.0 mL以中和反应, 最后用“有关物质检测实验”项下流动相定容。碱破坏供试品制备: 取2.0 mL储液于50 mL量瓶中, 加入1 mol·L-1 NaOH 5.0 mL, 振摇后, 60 ℃放置8 h, 取出后, 加入1 mol·L-1 HCl 5.0 mL以中和反应, 最后用“有关物质检测实验”项下流动相定容。氧破坏供试品制备: 取2.0 mL储液于50 mL量瓶中, 加入1%过氧化氢溶液1.0 mL, 振摇后, 60 ℃放置15 min, 取出后, 用“有关物质检测实验”项下流动相定容。
检测限和定量限  取储液, 用流动相逐步稀释, 进样分析, 记录色谱图, 以可靠的检测出被测物质的最低浓度或量为检测限, 信噪比一般为3; 以可靠的定量被检测物质的最低浓度或量为定量限, 信噪比为10。
线性及其范围  以定量限为线性范围的最低点, 配制质量浓度为0.17~50.00 μg·mL-1的溶液, 进样分析。最终以峰面积为纵坐标, 浓度为横坐标, 采用最小二乘法得到线性回归曲线。
聚合物分子质量检测实验  色谱柱为Waters Styragel Guard Column (30 mm × 4.6 mm); Styragel HR 4 (300 mm × 7.8 mm); Styragel HR 4E (300 mm × 7.8 mm); Styragel HR 3 (300 mm × 7.8 mm) 串联; 流动相为四氢呋喃; 流速1 mL·min-1; 柱温40 ℃; 进样体积100 μL; 检测器为示差折光检测器。标准品溶液: 精密称量25.0 mg, 4、10、20、30、70、150、200 kDa聚苯乙烯聚合物标准品, 分别置于10 mL量瓶中, 加入四氢呋喃, 放置4 h, 用流动相定容, 用0.45 μm滤膜过滤, 再使用液相检测, 以建立校正曲线[16]。供试品溶液: 精密称取10.0 mg微球, 置于10 mL量瓶中, 加入四氢呋喃, 放置12 h, 最终用流动相定容, 用0.45 μm滤膜过滤。
聚合物分子质量检测方法学验证
准确度  配制3份质量浓度为4.0 mg·mL-1的PLGA储液, 然后分别稀释成浓度为0.8、1.0、1.2 mg·mL-1的溶液, 进样分析。
精密度  取空白辅料PLGA, 参照“聚合物分子质量检测实验”项下供试品溶液配制1份, 重复进样6次, 测得数均分子质量(number-average molecular weight, Mn)、重均分子质量(weight-average molecular weight, Mw) 以及多分散系数(polydispersity index, PDI, Mw/Mn), 计算平均值。
扫描电镜观察  将导电胶带黏结在样品座上, 再把微球粉末均匀地撒在上面, 用洗耳球吹去未黏住的粉末, 之后进行喷金处理, 用电镜观察微球表面形貌。
加速稳定性试验  取中试3批噻吩诺啡长效缓释微球, 分装于5 mL规格的无色西林瓶中, 轧盖密封。在25 ± 2 ℃、RH 60% ± 5%的条件下, 开展加速稳定性试验。
粒径检测  取400 mL超纯水置于粒度仪的样品池中, 超声1 min, 除去体系中的气泡。设置仪器参数为: 通用分析模式; 光学模型: Fraunhoferrfd; 分散介质: 水; 遮光度: 6.0%~12.0%; 颗粒折射度: 1.709; 分散剂折射率: 1.330。设置搅拌速度。待背景提示可测量后, 称取噻吩诺啡微球200 mg, 加入0.5 mL 1% Tween-20, 再加入1.5 mL水分散, 涡旋形成均匀混悬液。滴加样品于样品池, 使其遮光度在6%~12%, 重复测3次, 结果取平均值, 最后通过粒度仪分析测量结果D10D50D90, 计算Span值。
统计学分析  采用Excel软件对数据进行处理和统计学分析, 数据以$ \stackrel{-}{x} $ ± s表示。
图 1所示, 对照品和供试品溶液均在232 nm有峰, 空白溶剂和空白辅料对噻吩诺啡的吸收峰无干扰, 该方法专属性好。
以浓度C1为横坐标、峰面积A1为纵坐标进行回归分析, 得到线性方程: A1 = 0.565 3C1, R2 = 0.999 9。结果表明噻吩诺啡在2.0~40.0 μg·mL-1时线性关系良好。
重复性试验结果表明, 6份供试液含量相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation, RSD) 为0.61%, RSD < 6.0%表明该方法重复性良好。中间精密度试验结果显示, 不同实验人员测得含量RSD为0.99%, 12个数据中各个含量的RSD < 2.0%, 该方法精密度良好。
回收率试验结果显示, 3个浓度的平均回收率为100.95%, 回收率限度在85%~110%, RSD值为0.77%, 该方法准确度良好[17]
噻吩诺啡微球常速体外释放呈典型的三相释放, 分别为突释期、延滞期、快速释放期, 其中快速释放期呈零级释放。由图 2A可见, 释放率达到90%以上的时间从37 ℃的63天降低到45 ℃的28天、52 ℃的14天、60 ℃的1天; 突释从37 ℃的0.85%到45 ℃的4.05%、52 ℃的18.53%、60 ℃的44.58%, 随着释放环境温度升高, 突释量不断增加。
经计算, 37、45、52、60 ℃的速率常数k分别为0.022 8、0.081 6、0.404 0、1.199 0 d-1。使用变形的阿伦尼乌斯公式得到lgk与1/T (开氏温度) 的线性关系图见图 2B, 方程为: lgk = -8.073/T + 24.35, R2 = 0.985 3, 直线斜率为-Ea/2.303R, 经过计算得出Ea为36.95 kcal·mol-1, 并以该方程得到37 ℃下噻吩诺啡微球的预测释放速率为0.020 7 d-1, 与实测值0.022 8 d-1相近。基于以上研究, 考虑到60 ℃释放过快, 4 h便可释放到60%以上, 难以观察到微球释放过程中的微小变化, 因此选择52 ℃作为体外释放的加速条件, 基于此考察加速稳定性试验中的体外释放行为。
此外, 噻吩诺啡微球在37和60 ℃下释放过程中分子质量的变化均表现为一级降解动力学(图 2C), 说明环境温度越高, 微球降解越快, 也是导致微球在高温下突释增大的原因之一[18, 19]
图 3所示, 对照品和供试品溶液中均在214 nm处出峰, 空白溶剂和空白辅料对噻吩诺啡测定无干扰, 该方法专属性好。
以浓度C2为横坐标, 峰面积A2为纵坐标, 进行回归分析, 得到线性方程: A2 = 1.470 1C2 + 0.003 4, R2 = 0.999 1。结果表明本品在1.0~40.0 μg·mL-1时线性关系良好。
重复性试验结果表明6份供试液含量相对标准偏差为0.11%, 符合RSD < 6.0%的要求, 重复性良好。中间精密度试验结果表明两位实验人员测得含量RSD为0.23%, 均小于11.0%, 符合《中国药典》[20]中要求, 精密度良好。
回收率试验结果显示3个浓度的平均回收率为99.41%, 回收率限度在85%~110%, RSD值为0.24%, 该方法测定释放度准确性良好。
24 h内对照品溶液含量RSD为0.38%, 供试品溶液含量RSD为0.21%, 表明供试品和对照品均具有良好的稳定性。
图 4所示, 本品在强酸强碱条件下均有较好的稳定性, 在强氧化剂的作用下, 易产生有关物质。在各破坏条件下产生的降解产物均能与噻吩诺啡主峰完全分离。采用二极管阵列检测器, 对各降解条件下的主峰进行峰纯度测定, 纯度因子均大于990, 表明本色谱条件下主峰为单一峰, 各杂质与主成分可有效分离。
经检验噻吩诺啡主峰的检测限为0.085 μg·mL-1, 信噪比≥ 3; 定量限为0.17 μg·mL-1, 信噪比≥ 10, 均符合《中国药典》 (2020版) 四部9101[20]分析方法验证指导原则中的要求。
以浓度C3为横坐标, 峰面积A3为纵坐标, 进行回归分析, 得到线性方程: A3 = 1.524 5C3 + 0.003 4, R2 = 0.999 1。结果表明噻吩诺啡在0.17~50.00 μg·mL-1的浓度范围内线性关系良好。
回收率试验结果显示3个浓度的平均回收率为101.6%, Mw的RSD值为3.24%, Mn的RSD值为2.68%。多分散系数的RSD值为1.36%。RSD值均小于5.0%, 该方法测定聚合物分子质量的准确性良好。
分子质量测定日内重复性良好, Mn的RSD值3.80%, Mw的RSD值为1.52%, 多分散系数的RSD值为2.75%, 均小于5.0%。
加速试验期间, 各取样点噻吩诺啡微球的电镜下形态见图 5, 主药含量及释放差异因子、释放相似因子的测定结果如表 1所示。结果表明, 在此加速条件下, 噻吩诺啡长效注射微球在6个月加速试验中, 外观形态圆整、呈白色粉末, 性状未发生明显变化。药物回收率在98%~102%, 含量无明显变化, 符合《中国药典》 (2020版)[20]中对于药物含量稳定性的要求。差异因子和相似因子的计算结果显示, 在加速试验各时间点的微球释放无显著差异。
表 2为加速试验过程中噻吩诺啡微球的有关物质检测结果, 相对保留时间(relative retention time, RRT) 为0.93的有关物质为已知杂质R-1-甲基-1-[(噻吩-2-基)-乙基]-1-(4, 5-环氧-18, 19-二氢-3-羟基-6-甲氧基-6, 14-亚乙基吗啡喃-7-基)-甲醇, 是在合成过程中带入的杂质, 限度应小于0.25%, 且该已知杂质在加速条件下, 随放置时间的增加, 杂质占比未增加。RRT为0.38的有关物质含量在试验期间逐渐增加, 但其6个月内未超过0.1%, 按照国际人用药品注册技术协调会(The International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use, ICH) 指导原则对于杂质限度的要求, 低于报告限度。
对加速试验条件下微球中的PLGA分子质量考察的结果如图 6A所示, Mw为15.0 ± 0.2 kDa, 多分散系数约为1.50 ± 0.02, 说明噻吩诺啡长效注射微球在加速试验条件下, PLGA分子质量未发生显著变化, 即微球无明显降解, 并且通过检测加速条件下6个月的微球粒径(图 6B), 结果显示, D50与Span无明显变化。
本研究基于对微球关键质量属性的认识, 对噻吩诺啡缓释微球在加速试验中的理化性质变化进行了测定, 结果显示, 在25 ± 2 ℃、RH 60% ± 5%的加速稳定性试验条件下, 微球具有较好的稳定性, 各项性质未发生显著变化, 提示微球可短期贮存于室温, 长期贮存于5 ± 3 ℃环境下。
长效注射微球作为一种特殊注射剂, 其稳定性考察中需关注的有与普通注射剂相似之处, 如外观性状、含量、有关物质等考察内容, 也有特殊质量属性, 如聚合物分子质量等普通制剂无需考察的项目[6]。体外释放行为的变化关系到微球的优效性和安全性, 是微球关键质量属性之一[21], 但噻吩诺啡微球的体外释放周期长, 若进行37 ℃下考察, 考察周期需2个月。本研究选择52.0 ± 0.5 ℃, 加速微球体外释放。所建立的体外加速释放条件可用于评价加速稳定性试验期间微球释放行为的变化, 且测定周期由常规的63天缩短至7天, 极大提高了测定效率。
本研究对3批次中试注射用噻吩诺啡缓释微球所展开的加速稳定性试验及其中的系列方法建立和方法学考察, 可为同类型特殊注射剂的研究提供有价值的参考。
作者贡献: 代旭栋、王珊和邸金威负责实验实施、数据收集、结果分析和文章撰写等工作; 李明媛、郑爱萍负责体外加速释放实验和关键质量属性测定指导; 郁彭、高静负责课题整体设计及文章修改。
利益冲突: 所有作者均声明不存在任何利益冲突。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(82173788)
  • 河北省科技重点研发计划项目(19272701D)
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2022年第57卷第8期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0289
  • 接收时间:2022-03-07
  • 首发时间:2025-12-23
  • 出版时间:2022-08-12
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  • 收稿日期:2022-03-07
  • 修回日期:2022-03-29
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(82173788)
河北省科技重点研发计划项目(19272701D)
作者信息
    1.天津科技大学生物工程学院, 天津 300457
    2.军事科学院军事医学研究院毒物药物研究所, 北京 100850

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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