Article(id=1210148013524250851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210148010437243088, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0404, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1649260800000, receivedDateStr=2022-04-07, revisedDate=1653408000000, revisedDateStr=2022-05-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766451369886, onlineDateStr=2025-12-23, pubDate=1660233600000, pubDateStr=2022-08-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766451369886, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766451369886, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766451369886, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1210148010437243088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2022', volume='57', issue='8', pageStart='2245', pageEnd='2556', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766451369151, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766451533022, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210148697808179705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210148010437243088, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210148697808179706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210148010437243088, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2484, endPage=2493, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1210148013952069880, articleId=1210148013524250851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Metabolomics based protective effect of Amygdalus mongolica on pulmonary fibrosis in rats, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study used pharmacology combined with metabolomics to explore the effect of Amygdalus mongolica total extract on bleomycin induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. The rat model of pulmonary fibrosis was established by intratracheal injection of bleomycin and treated with the total extract of Amygdalus mongolica. The pathological changes of lung tissue were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Masson staining, the contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in lung tissue were detected, and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), Smad family member 3 (Smad3), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) pathway index expression in lung tissue was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR. UPLC-Q-TOF/MS was used to study serum metabolomics to explore the changing patterns of biomarkers and the metabolic pathways affected by them. The results showed that compared with the model group, the medium (1.5 g·kg-1) and high (3.0 g·kg-1) doses of Amygdalus mongolica total extract could significantly reduce the lung index, significantly increase the activity of SOD in serum and lung tissue, reduce the degree of alveolar inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis, and reduce MDA in serum and lung tissue, and significantly reduce TGF-β1, Smad3, α-SMA mRNA expression in lung tissue. Serum metabolomics profile analysis identified 25 significantly different metabolites, the Amygdalus mongolica total extract can participate in linoleic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism by reducing five key biomarkers: lysoPE(0∶0/22∶5(4Z, 7Z, 10Z, 13Z, 16Z)), lysoPC(20∶0/0∶0), PC(20∶5(5Z, 8Z, 11Z, 14Z, 17Z)/15∶0), 12, 13-dihydroxy-9-octadecenoic acid (12, 13-DHOME), 9, 10-dihydroxy-12-octadecenoic acid (9, 10-DHOME) to affect pulmonary fibrosis. This study preliminarily revealed the action mechanism of Amygdalus mongolica total extract against pulmonary fibrosis in rats, and provided a reference basis for the clinical application of Amygdalus mongolica. The animal experiments were approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Baotou Medical College (No.20170315).

, correspAuthors=Hong CHANG, Song-li SHI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2022 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jia-qi LIU, Hong-bing ZHOU, Bo-wen QUAN, Wan-fu BAI, Jia WANG, Ying-chun BAI, Hong CHANG, Song-li SHI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1210148015306830160, articleId=1210148013524250851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=基于代谢组学的蒙古扁桃药材对肺纤维化大鼠的保护作用, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究运用药理学结合代谢组学技术探究蒙古扁桃药材总提物对博来霉素致大鼠肺纤维化的影响。通过气管内注射博来霉素建立肺纤维化大鼠模型后给予蒙古扁桃治疗, 苏木精-伊红(hematoxylin and eosin, HE)、Masson染色评估肺组织病理变化, 检测血清和肺组织中超氧化物歧化酶(superoxidedismutase, SOD) 活性和丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA) 含量, 荧光定量PCR检测肺组织中转化生成因子β1 (transforming growth factor β1, TGF-β1)、Smad家族蛋白3 (Smad family member 3, Smad3) 和α平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-smooth muscle actin, α-SMA) 通路指标表达, UPLC-Q-TOF/MS进行血清代谢组学研究, 探究生物标志物的变化规律和影响的代谢通路。结果表明, 与模型组比较, (1.5 g·kg-1)、高(3.0 g·kg-1) 剂量蒙古扁桃总提物可显著降低肺纤维化大鼠肺指数, 显著升高血清和肺组织SOD活性, 减轻大鼠肺泡炎症和肺纤维化程度, 降低血清和肺组织中MDA, 并显著降低肺组织中TGF-β1、Smad3和α-SMA mRNA的表达。血清代谢组学轮廓分析鉴定出25个显著差异代谢物, 其中蒙古扁桃总提物可以通过降低LysoPE(0∶0/22∶5(4Z, 7Z, 10Z, 13Z, 16Z))、LysoPC(20∶0/0∶0)、PC(20∶5(5Z, 8Z, 11Z, 14Z, 17Z)/15∶0)、12, 13-二羟基-9-十八烯酸(12, 13-DHOME)、9, 10-二羟基-12-十八烯酸(9, 10-DHOME) 5个关键生物标志物参与亚油酸代谢、甘油磷脂代谢、亚麻酸代谢途径影响肺纤维化。该研究初步揭示了蒙古扁桃总提物抗大鼠肺纤维化的作用机制, 为蒙古扁桃的临床应用提供参考依据。动物实验经内蒙古科技大学包头医学院医学伦理委员会批准(批准号: 20170315)。

, correspAuthors=常虹, 石松利, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*常虹,Tel: 18648492623, E-mail:
石松利,Tel: 18686198298, E-mail: ;
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#共同第一作者.

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HE, Masson staining, ×100. a: CON; b: MOD; c: TOT-H; d: TOT-M; e: TOT-L; f: PED. <i>n</i> = 10, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula">$ \overline{x} $</span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> CON; <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> MOD. HE: Hematoxylin and eosin; CON: Control group; MOD: Model group; TOT-L, TOT-M and TOT-H: Total extract of <i>Amygdalus mongolicus</i> low-dose group (0.75 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>), middle-dose group (1.5 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>) and high-dose group (3.0 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>); PED: Prednisone group; TGF-<i>β</i>1: Transforming growth factor <i>β</i>1; Smad3: Smad family member 3; <i>α</i>-SMA: <i>α</i>-Smooth muscle actin , figureFileSmall=uwCcy5ZDGjDopXwJl1EBTQ==, figureFileBig=Ti/iN55zXv2yWzGpmnO/Iw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148021950607994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148013524250851, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=rdLbr+WvHN9K+m+5+Yh+9Q==, figureFileBig=gZ8UvAmQjb4JBtAGG6DROQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148022055465601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148013524250851, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= PCA score plot (A), PLS-DA score plot (B) and PLS-DA model verification plot (C) of CON, MOD and TOT (1.5 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>); PLS-DA score plot (D), PLS-DA model verification plot (E) and V-plot score plot (F) of CON and MOD. PCA: Principal component analysis; PLS-DA: Partial least squares discriminant analysis , figureFileSmall=rdLbr+WvHN9K+m+5+Yh+9Q==, figureFileBig=gZ8UvAmQjb4JBtAGG6DROQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148022143545991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148013524250851, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=ja2dUoIzHM8ImcbjAExnfQ==, figureFileBig=xR5GFgT2cB2MnFLPnKI2ig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148022227432074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148013524250851, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= Hierarchical clustering heat map (A) and <i>P</i> value heat map (B) of differential metabolites in serum of rats in the CON, MOD and TOT , figureFileSmall=ja2dUoIzHM8ImcbjAExnfQ==, figureFileBig=xR5GFgT2cB2MnFLPnKI2ig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148022315512464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148013524250851, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Gq43MluzEjh0OSSW/KfABg==, figureFileBig=2kA9Pw+VbksEHPhezCBs0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148022411981463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148013524250851, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= Screening of key biomarkers. A: Metabolic pathway analysis of the key biomarkers. Summary of the altered metabolism pathways determined with MetPA as analyzed using MetaboAnalyst 5.0. The size and color of each circle are based on the pathway impact value and <i>P</i>-value, respectively; B: ROC curves of the diagnosis of RF based on the selected crucial biomarkers; C: A Venn plot of significantly retracted metabolites in TOT group and key biomarkers (AUC > 0.80) in an important metabolic pathway; D: Changes in key metabolites between CON, MOD and TOT groups. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> CON; <sup>#</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>##</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> MOD , figureFileSmall=Gq43MluzEjh0OSSW/KfABg==, figureFileBig=2kA9Pw+VbksEHPhezCBs0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148022533616285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148013524250851, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=h8Nqc9iUdKBrNIuyPncZ4A==, figureFileBig=XouSGIRnJTiS3ARbXiR50w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148022642668197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148013524250851, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= Potential targets and metabolic pathway network of <i>Amygdalus mongolica</i> extract against pulmonary fibrosis. Key biomarkers in red and green represent increase and decrease levels, MOD <i>vs</i> CON (<i>P</i> < 0.05); The blue circle represent significant differential biomarkers, TOT <i>vs</i> MOD (<i>P</i> < 0.05) , figureFileSmall=h8Nqc9iUdKBrNIuyPncZ4A==, figureFileBig=XouSGIRnJTiS3ARbXiR50w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210148022760108714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148013524250851, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No.adductm/ztR /minVIPHMDBMetaboliteKEGG pathwayTrend
MOD vs CON
1[M+H]+528.334.512.32HMDB11494LysoPE(0∶0/22∶5(4Z, 7Z, 10Z, 13Z, 16Z))Glycerophospholipid metabolism
2[M+H]+552.385.931.98HMDB10390LysoPC(20∶0/0∶0)Glycerophospholipid metabolism
3[M+H]+766.525.121.73HMDB0008494PC(20∶5(5Z, 8Z, 11Z, 14Z, 17Z)/15∶0)Glycerophospholipid metabolism; alpha-linolenic acid metabolism; linoleic acid metabolism; arachidonic acid metabolism
4[M-H]-313.244.241.36HMDB000470512, 13-DHOMELinoleic acid metabolism
5[M-H]-313.243.881.35HMDB00047049, 10-DHOMELinoleic acid metabolism
), ArticleFig(id=1210148022873354930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210148013524250851, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

Identification results of 5 key biomarkers. 12, 13-DHOME: 12, 13-Dihydroxy-9-octadecenoic acid; 9, 10-DHOME: 9, 10-Dihydroxy-12-octadecenoic acid. KEGG (http://www.kegg.jp); HMDB (https://hmdb.ca/)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No.adductm/ztR /minVIPHMDBMetaboliteKEGG pathwayTrend
MOD vs CON
1[M+H]+528.334.512.32HMDB11494LysoPE(0∶0/22∶5(4Z, 7Z, 10Z, 13Z, 16Z))Glycerophospholipid metabolism
2[M+H]+552.385.931.98HMDB10390LysoPC(20∶0/0∶0)Glycerophospholipid metabolism
3[M+H]+766.525.121.73HMDB0008494PC(20∶5(5Z, 8Z, 11Z, 14Z, 17Z)/15∶0)Glycerophospholipid metabolism; alpha-linolenic acid metabolism; linoleic acid metabolism; arachidonic acid metabolism
4[M-H]-313.244.241.36HMDB000470512, 13-DHOMELinoleic acid metabolism
5[M-H]-313.243.881.35HMDB00047049, 10-DHOMELinoleic acid metabolism
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基于代谢组学的蒙古扁桃药材对肺纤维化大鼠的保护作用
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刘佳琦 1, # , 周红兵 1, # , 权博文 1 , 白万富 1 , 王佳 1 , 白迎春 1 , 常虹 1, * , 石松利 1, 2, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2022,57(8): 2484-2493
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2022, 57(8): 2484-2493
基于代谢组学的蒙古扁桃药材对肺纤维化大鼠的保护作用
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刘佳琦1, #, 周红兵1, #, 权博文1, 白万富1, 王佳1, 白迎春1, 常虹1, * , 石松利1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1.内蒙古科技大学包头医学院药学院, 内蒙古 包头 014060
  • 2.内蒙古科技大学包头医学院蒙中药活性物质与功能研究所, 内蒙古 包头 014060

通讯作者:

*常虹,Tel: 18648492623, E-mail:
石松利,Tel: 18686198298, E-mail: ;
Metabolomics based protective effect of Amygdalus mongolica on pulmonary fibrosis in rats
Jia-qi LIU1, Hong-bing ZHOU1, Bo-wen QUAN1, Wan-fu BAI1, Jia WANG1, Ying-chun BAI1, Hong CHANG1, * , Song-li SHI1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College of Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014060, China
  • 2. Institute of Bioactive Substance and Function of Mongolian Medicine and Chinese Materia Medica, Baotou Medical College of Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014060, China
出版时间: 2022-08-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0404
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本研究运用药理学结合代谢组学技术探究蒙古扁桃药材总提物对博来霉素致大鼠肺纤维化的影响。通过气管内注射博来霉素建立肺纤维化大鼠模型后给予蒙古扁桃治疗, 苏木精-伊红(hematoxylin and eosin, HE)、Masson染色评估肺组织病理变化, 检测血清和肺组织中超氧化物歧化酶(superoxidedismutase, SOD) 活性和丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA) 含量, 荧光定量PCR检测肺组织中转化生成因子β1 (transforming growth factor β1, TGF-β1)、Smad家族蛋白3 (Smad family member 3, Smad3) 和α平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-smooth muscle actin, α-SMA) 通路指标表达, UPLC-Q-TOF/MS进行血清代谢组学研究, 探究生物标志物的变化规律和影响的代谢通路。结果表明, 与模型组比较, (1.5 g·kg-1)、高(3.0 g·kg-1) 剂量蒙古扁桃总提物可显著降低肺纤维化大鼠肺指数, 显著升高血清和肺组织SOD活性, 减轻大鼠肺泡炎症和肺纤维化程度, 降低血清和肺组织中MDA, 并显著降低肺组织中TGF-β1、Smad3和α-SMA mRNA的表达。血清代谢组学轮廓分析鉴定出25个显著差异代谢物, 其中蒙古扁桃总提物可以通过降低LysoPE(0∶0/22∶5(4Z, 7Z, 10Z, 13Z, 16Z))、LysoPC(20∶0/0∶0)、PC(20∶5(5Z, 8Z, 11Z, 14Z, 17Z)/15∶0)、12, 13-二羟基-9-十八烯酸(12, 13-DHOME)、9, 10-二羟基-12-十八烯酸(9, 10-DHOME) 5个关键生物标志物参与亚油酸代谢、甘油磷脂代谢、亚麻酸代谢途径影响肺纤维化。该研究初步揭示了蒙古扁桃总提物抗大鼠肺纤维化的作用机制, 为蒙古扁桃的临床应用提供参考依据。动物实验经内蒙古科技大学包头医学院医学伦理委员会批准(批准号: 20170315)。

蒙古扁桃  /  肺纤维化  /  代谢组学  /  药理学  /  作用机制

This study used pharmacology combined with metabolomics to explore the effect of Amygdalus mongolica total extract on bleomycin induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. The rat model of pulmonary fibrosis was established by intratracheal injection of bleomycin and treated with the total extract of Amygdalus mongolica. The pathological changes of lung tissue were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Masson staining, the contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in lung tissue were detected, and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), Smad family member 3 (Smad3), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) pathway index expression in lung tissue was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR. UPLC-Q-TOF/MS was used to study serum metabolomics to explore the changing patterns of biomarkers and the metabolic pathways affected by them. The results showed that compared with the model group, the medium (1.5 g·kg-1) and high (3.0 g·kg-1) doses of Amygdalus mongolica total extract could significantly reduce the lung index, significantly increase the activity of SOD in serum and lung tissue, reduce the degree of alveolar inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis, and reduce MDA in serum and lung tissue, and significantly reduce TGF-β1, Smad3, α-SMA mRNA expression in lung tissue. Serum metabolomics profile analysis identified 25 significantly different metabolites, the Amygdalus mongolica total extract can participate in linoleic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism by reducing five key biomarkers: lysoPE(0∶0/22∶5(4Z, 7Z, 10Z, 13Z, 16Z)), lysoPC(20∶0/0∶0), PC(20∶5(5Z, 8Z, 11Z, 14Z, 17Z)/15∶0), 12, 13-dihydroxy-9-octadecenoic acid (12, 13-DHOME), 9, 10-dihydroxy-12-octadecenoic acid (9, 10-DHOME) to affect pulmonary fibrosis. This study preliminarily revealed the action mechanism of Amygdalus mongolica total extract against pulmonary fibrosis in rats, and provided a reference basis for the clinical application of Amygdalus mongolica. The animal experiments were approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Baotou Medical College (No.20170315).

Amygdalus mongolica  /  pulmonary fibrosis  /  metabolome  /  pharmacology  /  mechanism of action
刘佳琦, 周红兵, 权博文, 白万富, 王佳, 白迎春, 常虹, 石松利. 基于代谢组学的蒙古扁桃药材对肺纤维化大鼠的保护作用. 药学学报, 2022 , 57 (8) : 2484 -2493 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0404
Jia-qi LIU, Hong-bing ZHOU, Bo-wen QUAN, Wan-fu BAI, Jia WANG, Ying-chun BAI, Hong CHANG, Song-li SHI. Metabolomics based protective effect of Amygdalus mongolica on pulmonary fibrosis in rats[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2022 , 57 (8) : 2484 -2493 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0404
肺纤维化(pulmonary fibrosis, PF) 是一种由慢性炎症性疾病逐渐发展为纤维化的肺部间质性疾病[1]。其发病原因众多、机制复杂, 一般归结于肺上皮细胞受到持续性的损伤, 异常激活的肺上皮细胞促进成纤维细胞迁移、增殖和分化为活性肌成纤维细胞。这些肌纤维母细胞分泌的细胞外基质沉积在肺部, 从而重塑肺的结构[2]。随着病情发展会出现咳嗽、胸闷、呼吸不畅、气喘等现象。肺纤维化的中位生存期约为2~3年, 5年的生存率小于30%[3, 4], 同时肺纤维化患者的肺癌发生率是普通人的5倍[5]。自2019年底新冠病毒(COVID-19) 的暴发使肺纤维化备受关注, COVID-19肺炎患者的胸部影像学与肺纤维化高度相似, 表现为牵拉性支气管扩张、结构扭曲和间隔增厚等纤维化改变[6]。COVID-19对肺部的持续性损伤使得很多患者预后仍具有肺纤维化的表现[7]。因此寻找对肺纤维化有效的治疗药物对缓解COVID-19的损伤有重要意义。传统医学认为肺纤维化表现为湿、痰、淤、虚, 主要发病于外感六淫、内伤情志[8], 近几年在治疗肺纤维化上研究成果颇多[9, 10], 有效果显著、不良反应小等优点, 并且中药多成分, 多靶点相互协调的作用与肺纤维化复杂的发病机制相契合。因此寻找对肺纤维化有效的中医药治疗药物已成为当前医学的迫切需要。
蒙古扁桃[Amygdalus mongolica (Maxim.) Ricker] 又名山樱桃、土豆子, 是蒙古高原的一种孑遗植物, 属蔷薇科桃属, 根系发达, 耐旱、耐寒、耐瘠薄。生长于我国的内蒙古西部、甘肃、宁夏[11], 蒙古的戈壁阿尔泰地区也有分布, 称为乌兰布依勒斯。蒙古扁桃具有重要的饲用和药用价值, 目前已从其中分离出蛋白质[12]、总黄酮[13]、脂肪酸[14]、有机酸[15]、多糖[16]、苦杏仁苷[17]、维生素E[18]等多种营养和药用成分。其种仁可代中药郁李仁入药, 具有治疗咽喉干燥、干咳、支气管炎、阴虚便秘等功效[19]。本课题组前期研究发现蒙古扁桃总提物具有抗大鼠肾纤维化的作用[20]。蒙古扁桃油[21]、正丁醇、石油醚部位提取物对大鼠肺纤维化有很好的保护作用[22], 但是作用机制仍不清楚。基于中药总提物全成分整体作用的特点, 本实验进行了蒙古扁桃总提物干预博来霉素诱导的大鼠肺纤维化的作用机制研究。
代谢组学整体, 动态的表达与传统医学的整体观, 辨证论相契合[23]。为多成分、多靶点相互协调作用的中药病理机制阐明提供新的途径[24]。本实验采用生化指标、病理染色结果初步对蒙古扁桃总提物治疗大鼠肺纤维化进行了药效学评价, 选用蒙古扁桃总提物最佳治疗剂量结合代谢组学技术, 定量检测蒙古扁桃总提物治疗肺纤维化大鼠的血清代谢物含量, 结合生物信息学方法阐明内源性代谢物的变化规律, 寻找潜在生物标志物及代谢途径。
动物  雄性SD大鼠60只, SPF级, 体重160 ± 10 g, 购自北大医学部实验动物科学学院, 许可证号: SCXK (京) 2017-0005; 饲养条件: 温度为22~26 ℃, 湿度为35%~50%。
药物与试剂  蒙古扁桃种仁(采自内蒙古阿拉善盟巴彦诺日公, 经包头医学院药学院石松利教授鉴定为蔷薇科植物蒙古扁桃Amygdalus mongolica的干燥成熟种子); 盐酸博来霉素(批号: 540402, 日本化药株式会社); 醋酸泼尼松片(强的松) (批号: 160905, 浙江仙琚制药股份有限公司); 总蛋白定量测定试剂盒(批号: 20170619)、MDA试剂盒(批号: 20170625)、SOD试剂盒(批号: 20170605) 均购自南京建成生物工程研究所; mRNA提取试剂TRIzol、逆转录试剂盒RevertAid First Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit (美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司); qPCR试剂RealSYBR Mixture (康为世纪公司); PCR引物(宁夏科诺嘉华生物工程有限公司)。
仪器  RE-52A型旋转蒸发仪(上海亚荣生化仪器厂); 全自动脱帽离心机(长沙鑫奥仪器); CX32显微镜(日本Olympus公司); 7500型Real-time PCR仪(美国Applied Biosysterms公司); Vlultifuge X1R高速冷冻离心机、NanoDrop 2000微量分光光度计(美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司); ExionLC型超高效液相、TripleTOF 5600型高分辨质谱(英国SCIEX公司); ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3型色谱柱(100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm, 英国Waters公司)。
药物制备  取蒙古扁桃药材, 碎壳, 取仁研磨成粉状, 用10倍体积的95%乙醇装于圆底烧瓶中, 70 ℃水浴提取3次, 每次2 h; 再用10倍体积的70%乙醇提取1次, 2 h, 得粗提取液。分别使用旋转蒸发仪和水浴锅浓缩粗提液至膏状, 计算出膏率为24.14%[17]。本课题组前期对蒙古扁桃进行成分分析, 主要含有苦杏仁苷[25]、亚油酸、油酸、棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、8, 11-十八二烯酸、花生烯酸等[26]
分组与模型建立  根据正常成人所需的蒙古扁桃药材种仁每天的最大用药量9.0 g计算[27], 得出大鼠的给药剂量作为本实验的低剂量组(0.75 g·kg-1), 上增设两组中(1.5 g·kg-1)、高剂量组(3.0 g·kg-1), 使用0.5%的羧甲基纤维素钠配制, 4 ℃冰箱保存。将60只SD大鼠饲养一周按体重随机分为6组: 模型组(model group, MOD), 空白组(control group, CON), 蒙古扁桃总提物低(total extract of Amygdalus mongolicus in low-dose group, TOT-L)、中(total extract of Amygdalus mongolicus in middle-dose group, TOT-M)、高(total extract of Amygdalus mongolicus in high-dose group, TOT-H) 剂量组, 强的松组(prednisone group, PED, 1.5 mg·kg-1), 每组10只。大鼠经气管软骨环间隙一次性向气管内缓慢注入博莱霉素5 mg·kg-1建立肺纤维化模型。空白组同上方法注入生理盐水5 mL·kg-1。造模24 h后模型组和空白组按大鼠体重5 mL·kg-1灌胃生理盐水, 其他各组灌胃相应剂量药物, 连续4周每天一次, 自由进食饮水, 观察大鼠饮水、进食活动情况及有无死亡现象等。动物实验经内蒙古科技大学包头医学院医学伦理委员会批准(批准号: 20170315)。
标本采集  在实验的第4周末次给药24 h后, 称量体重, 腹腔注射10%水合氯醛, 麻醉后仰卧并固定, 切开腹腔, 腹主动脉取血, 血液置于4 ℃下6 000 r·min-1冷冻离心10 min后分离血清, 用于检测血清各项指标及代谢组学的研究。摘取肺、进行称重。称量大鼠肺质量, 计算肺指数, 肺指数(%) =肺湿重/体质量×100。右肺制成10%肺组织匀浆, 离心后取上清液, 按试剂盒要求检测肺组织匀浆中SOD活性及MDA的含量。从左肺叶中部切取一块肺组织做HE和Masson染色。
荧光定量PCR实验  取肺组织80 mg放入玻璃匀浆器中, 加1 mL TRIzol, 研磨至组织与TRIzol充分溶解, 取上层RNA溶解物NanoDrop 2000微量分光光度计测定浓度。取2 μg总RNA进行逆转录合成cDNA, 严格按照逆转录试剂盒RevertAid First Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit说明书所示步骤进行实验。TGF-β1引物序列为: 上游5′CGCAACAACGCAATCTATG3′, 下游5′ACCAAGGTAACGCCAGGA3′。Smad3引物序列为: 上游5′CCAGTGCTACCTCCAGTGTT3′, 下游5′CTGGTGGTCGCTAGTTTCTC3′。α-SMA引物序列为: 上游5′TGGCCACTGCTGCTTCCTCTTCTT3′, 下游5′GGGGCCAGCTTCGTCATACTCCT3′。PCR扩增反应体系: 50 μL反应体系(2×RealSYBR 25 μL); 上游引物, 1 μmol·L-1, 1 μL; 下游引物, 1 μmol·L-1, 2 μL; 模板cDNA 2 μL。扩增条件: 1.95 ℃、10 min, 2.95 ℃、15 s, 3.60 ℃、40 s, 4.72 ℃、20 s, 5.72 ℃、2 min, 第2至5步骤循环40次。
血清代谢组学分析  ACQUITY UPLC T3柱进行反相分离。流动相A (水0.1%甲酸) 和溶剂B (乙腈, 0.1%甲酸) 流速为0.4 mL·min-1, 柱温35 ℃。洗脱梯度: 5% B, 0~0.5 min; 5~100% B, 0.5~7 min; 100% B浸泡7~8 min; 100%~5% B, 8~8.1 min; 5% B作用8.1~10 min。用TripleTOF5600 Plus系统检测从柱中洗脱的代谢物, 离子源气体1、2压力为60 PSI, 界面加热器温度650 ℃。正负离子模式离子喷雾浮动电压5 kV、-4.5 kV。质谱数据采用IDA模式采集。在一个采集循环中, 一级采集范围为60~1 200 Da, 时间150 ms, 然后从一级图谱中挑选带一个正电荷(负离子模式下为带一个负电荷) 并且每秒信号积累强度超过100的前12个信号离子进行二级碎裂扫描。总循环时间固定在0.56 s。通过监测40 GHz多通道TDC检测器, 用四-阳极/通道检测, 在11 kHz的脉冲频率下, 对每个扫描进行四个时间箱的总结。动态排除设定为4 s。
数据处理  代谢组学数据采用XCMS软件预处理, 原始数据文件被转换为mzXML格式, 然后使用R软件中包含的XCMS、相机和metaX工具箱进行处理。然后将二级质谱信息与in-house标准品数据库进行匹配鉴定, 用HMDB、KEGG等数据库进行注释。采用UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS进行血浆样品的数据采集, 对各组血清采用无监督的主成分分析法(principal component analysis, PCA) 和有监督的偏最小二乘-判别分析法(partial least squares discriminant analysis, PLS-DA) 降维后观测各组聚类分离的情况, 利用置换检验结果判定模型的预测能力和是否过拟合。以投影中的变量重要性(variable importance in projectin, VIP) > 1且P < 0.05筛选肺纤维化大鼠正常组与模型组的显著差异代谢物。使用MetaboAnalyst software 5.0进行代谢通路分析, 筛选出肺纤维化关键代谢途径(-LogP > 2, Impact > 0.02)。根据这些关键代谢通路中所涉及的差异代谢物, 筛选出给药后影响的肺纤维化关键生物标志物。本实验数据分析均由IBM SPSS Statistics 2.0进行统计和计算, 数据均以$ \stackrel{-}{x} $ ± s表示, 采用两组间比较采用Student's t检验, 多组间统计学差异采用单因素方差分析, P < 0.05表示差异有统计学意义。GraphPad Prism 5制作柱状图。荧光定量PCR实验根据原始检测结果, 按照相对定量计算公式2-△△ct计算相应实验结果。
图 1A所示, HE染色镜下观察所见: 空白组大鼠肺组织内部结构清晰, 肺泡间隔未见增厚; 模型组大鼠肺组织肺泡间隔明显增厚, 肺泡结构消失, 有纤维灶形成; 蒙古扁桃总提物中、高剂量组与强的松组肺泡结构清晰, 肺纤维化程度较模型组明显减轻。Masson染色所示空白组为正常肺组织结构, 仅小部分肺泡周围或支气管壁轻微增厚; 模型组肺组织可见全视野纤维化改变; 蒙古扁桃总提物中、高剂量组肺泡或支气管壁中度增厚, 部分肺泡结构遭到破坏, 有纤维灶形成, 肺纤维化程度较模型组明显减轻。
图 1B结果表明, 与空白组相比模型组的肺指数显著升高, 与模型组相比蒙古扁桃总提物高剂量组可显著降低大鼠的肺指数(P < 0.05)。与空白组比较, 模型组大鼠血清和肺组织中SOD活力降低, 而MDA含量升高, 存在显著性差异(P < 0.05)。与模型组比较, 蒙古扁桃总提物中、高剂量组和强的松组大鼠的血清SOD活力升高, 蒙古扁桃总提物低、中、高剂量组肺组织SOD活力升高, 蒙古扁桃总提物中、高剂量组和强的松组的大鼠的血清MDA值降低, 蒙古扁桃总提物低、中、高剂量组和强的松组的大鼠的组织中MDA值降低, 存在显著性差异(P < 0.05)。与空白组相比, 模型组肺组织TGF-β1、Smad3和α-SMA mRNA明显增高, 蒙古扁桃总提物中、高剂量组和强的松组可降低肺组织中TGF-β1、Smad3和α-SMA mRNA的表达, 与模型组对比有显著差异(P < 0.05)。
运用HPLC-Q-TOF-MS对大鼠血清样本进行代谢组学研究, 在整个进样过程中每10个样品分析一个质量控制(QC) 样品, 以评估稳定性。正、负离子模式下QC样本总离子流色谱图, QC曲线基本重叠, 表明检测系统稳定性良好。分别采用主成分分析(PCA) 和偏最小二乘鉴别分析(PLS-DA) 进行多元数据分析。根据药效学结果显示蒙古扁桃总提物中、高剂量治疗效果最佳, 由于中剂量最接近人的最大给药剂量, 所以本部分采用中剂量作为蒙古扁桃总提物组(TOT) 进行代谢组学研究, 以进一步探讨其作用机制。PCA评分图结果如图 2A所示, 每一组的样本在无监督模式下聚类良好。模型组和空白组明显分离, 蒙古扁桃总提物组向空白组靠近。另一方面, PLS-DA图结果如图 2B也进一步显示模型组与空白组进一步分离, 而蒙古扁桃总提物组与空白组更接近。随后通过置换检验进行了模型验证, 图 2C显示R2Q2从左到右低于最右的原值, Q2Y轴在负半轴相交, 表明该模型没有过拟合并且预测能力良好。
PLS-DA评分图结果如图 2D所示, 模型组和空白组有良好的分离, 置换检验进行了模型验证, 图 2E显示R2Q2从左到右低于最右的原值, Q2Y轴在负半轴相交, 表明该模型没有过拟合并且预测能力良好。在PLS-DA基础上进一步做V-plots得分图如图 2F, 以VIP > 1且P < 0.05筛选正常组与模型组的显著差异代谢物, 共筛选鉴定得到25个差异代谢物见热图 3A, 模型组中部分代谢物被蒙古扁桃总提物组回调(红色为上调, 蓝色为下调)。各组代谢物含量变化的P值热图结果如图 3B显示, 蒙古扁桃总提物组使LysoPE(0∶0/22∶5(4Z, 7Z, 10Z, 13Z, 16Z))、LysoPC(20∶0/0∶0)、PC(20∶5(5Z, 8Z, 11Z, 14Z, 17Z)/15∶0)、9, 10-DHOME、12, 13-DHOME、瓜氨酸、苏木酸、黄嘌呤、鞘氨醇1-磷酸共9个代谢物向空白组显著回调(P < 0.05)。
对模型组和空白组的25个差异丰富的代谢物进行代谢通路MetPA分析以确定代谢途径中的关键生物标志物。如图 4A所示, 主要涉及亚油酸代谢、甘油磷脂代谢、亚麻酸代谢3种代谢途径(-logP > 2, impact > 0.02), 这些途径被认为与肺纤维化密切相关, 并且这些途径中共有17个关键的差异代谢物参与, 以此筛选出影响肺纤维化的关键生物标志物。利用ROC曲线评估上述17个关键生物标志物的诊断能力。如图 4B结果显示, 其中16个生物标志物的AUC值大于0.80, 有望成为肺纤维化诊断生物标志物的候选指标, 并以评价药物疗效和预后。图 4C显示了蒙古扁桃总提物组可以显著回调肺纤维化重要代谢途径中的5个生物标志物。为了进一步解释蒙古扁桃总提物对其影响趋势, 作者比较了5个关键生物标志物在各组中的相对浓度, 如图 4D所示, 与模型组相比蒙古扁桃总提物组均使LysoPE(0∶0/22∶5(4Z, 7Z, 10Z, 13Z, 16Z))、LysoPC(20∶0/0∶0)、PC(20∶5(5Z, 8Z, 11Z, 14Z, 17Z)/15∶0)、9, 10-DHOME、12, 13-DHOME降低到正常水平, 5个关键生物标志物的鉴定信息见表 1
本实验采用气管内注射博来霉素诱导大鼠肺纤维化, 博来霉素是一种抗肿瘤的抗生素, 肺组织对其特别敏感, 可以破坏大鼠肺组织结构、增大肺泡间隔、造成大量炎细胞浸润及成纤维细胞增殖, TGF-β1/α-SMA表达明显增高, 与人的肺纤维化病理状态相符, 是最佳的造模方法[28, 29]
细胞因子和细胞因子网络在肺纤维化发展过程中发挥着极其重要作用, 在刺激细胞间基质的积聚过程中, TGF-β1通过促进下游纤维化相关靶基因过量表达, 引起组织瘢痕在体内发挥促纤维化作用[30], 进而促进肺纤维细胞的增殖和分化, 导致肺纤维化的发生与发展。Smads是促进肺纤维化形成中的众多因子[31, 32]之一, Smad3、Smad7是研究比较深入的TGF-β家族的特异性细胞信号转导分子[33], 肌成纤维细胞是分泌胶原的主要细胞, 持续异常的肌成纤维细胞是肺纤维化疾病的重要标志之一。肌成纤维细胞是一种特殊的成纤维细胞, 由成纤维细胞表型转化而来[34]。而α-SMA是肌成纤维细胞的重要表型标志之一[35], α-SMA被看作是一种具有修复肺纤维化的重要指标。本研究显示蒙古扁桃总提物中、高剂量组可通过显著下调Smad3, TGF-β1和α-SMA的表达来抑制肺纤维化的形成而发挥抗肺纤维化的作用。
代谢组学结果显示蒙古扁桃总提物能够调节LysoPE(0∶0/22∶5(4Z, 7Z, 10Z, 13Z, 16Z))、LysoPC(20∶0/0∶0)、PC(20∶5(5Z, 8Z, 11Z, 14Z, 17Z)/15∶0)、9, 10-DHOME、12, 13-DHOME参与肺纤维化疾病相关的亚油酸的新陈代谢、甘油磷脂代谢、亚麻酸代谢。如图 5所示的5种生物标志物的代谢网络关系, 可以更清楚的体现蒙古扁桃总提物对大鼠肺纤维化保护机制的多靶点、复杂性和整体作用的特点。
甘油磷脂是生物膜的主要组成成分, 对于细胞发挥正常功能起着至关重要的作用, 甘油磷脂代谢属于脂质代谢与癌症发展相关[36]。甘油磷脂代谢产生多种代谢产物如磷脂酰胆碱(PC)、磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)、溶血磷脂酰乙醇胺(LysoPE)、溶血磷脂酰胆碱(LysoPC) 等, 同样这些代谢产物的变化也会影响代谢的正常进行。脂质代谢失调是许多疾病包括呼吸系统疾病的特征[37]。LysoPC是溶血磷脂酸的前体, 溶血磷脂酸可通过介导血管渗漏和成纤维细胞的迁移和增殖来诱导肺纤维化[38]。乙醇胺通过乙醇胺激酶磷酸化, 形成磷酸乙醇胺[39], 磷酸乙醇胺和磷酸胆碱胞苷酰转移酶形成高能供体CDP-乙醇胺[40], 1, 2-二酰基甘油乙醇胺磷酸转移酶利用CDP-乙醇胺提供的能量将乙醇胺附着在膜内的二酰基甘油上, 从而形成PE[41]。PE又经过三次连续的甲基化反应转化生成PC称为PE甲基转移酶途径[42]。PC也可通过胆碱磷酸化后和磷酸胆碱胞苷酰转移酶生成CDP-胆碱, 1, 2-二酰甘油胆碱磷酸转移酶催化胞苷-5'-单磷酸交换二酰甘油形成, 这一过程称为肯尼迪途径[43]。PC作为一种动物体内最丰富的磷脂[44]参与多条重要代谢途径, 在很多癌症疾病中发现PC异常升高[45]。肺中最活跃的脂质代谢细胞肺泡在合成呼吸作用需要表面活性剂脂质[46], PC、PE是肺表面活性剂的关键脂质, 在矽肺大鼠肺中总饱和度增加[47]。Xia等 [48]也证实了在博来霉素导致的肺纤维化大鼠中PC、PE含量升高。这与本研究结果相一致, 模型组LysoPE(0∶0/22∶5(4Z, 7Z, 10Z, 13Z, 16Z))、LysoPC(20∶0/0∶0)、PC(20∶5(5Z, 8Z, 11Z, 14Z, 17Z)/15∶0) 显著升高, 给予蒙古扁桃总提物治疗后均下降。蒙古扁桃总提物可能是通过减缓甘油磷脂代谢中的PE甲基转移酶途径和肯尼迪途径来减少PC的合成。据报道a-亚麻酸具有保护心血管神经、抗癌、抗骨质疏松、抗炎和抗氧化作用[49]。亚油酸参与细胞膜磷脂的构成, 维持细胞膜的流动性。细胞膜磷脂释放的亚油酸可以通过各种酶的作用形成参与细胞信号传导通路上的代谢物。亚油酸是生成花生四烯酸的前体, 花生四烯酸可以产生具有介导炎症潜质的前列腺素和白三烯[50]。在女性中12, 13-DHOME等5种脂肪酸代谢产物水平增加会增加卵巢癌的发生概率[51]。提示蒙古扁桃总提物可能通过减缓亚油酸代谢, 来改善肺纤维化状态并维持机体稳态。
综上, 蒙古扁桃总提物可以通过调节LysoPE(0∶0/22∶5(4Z, 7Z, 10Z, 13Z, 16Z))、LysoPC(20∶0/0∶0)、PC(20∶5(5Z, 8Z, 11Z, 14Z, 17Z)/15∶0)、9, 10-DHOME、12, 13-DHOME来减缓与大鼠肺纤维化相关的亚油酸代谢、甘油磷脂代谢、亚麻酸代谢途径, 并且下调Smad3, 抑制TGF-β1和α-SMA的表达从而达到保护大鼠肺纤维化的效果。本实验尝试从代谢组学的角度阐明蒙古扁桃总提物抗大鼠肺纤维化的机制, 对研发治疗肺纤维化药物提供新的方向, 同时对蒙古扁桃的资源保护、开发与临床应用提供重要的理论依据。
作者贡献: 刘佳琦、周红兵是本研究的实验设计和实验研究的执行人, 完成数据分析、图表制作和论文初稿的撰写; 权博文、白万富、王佳、白迎春参与实验设计和结果分析; 石松利、常虹是项目的构思者及负责人, 指导实验设计、数据分析、论文写作与修改。全体作者均阅读并同意最终的文本。
利益冲突: 本研究不受企业、公司等第三方资助, 不存在潜在利益冲突。
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2022年第57卷第8期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2022-0404
  • 接收时间:2022-04-07
  • 首发时间:2025-12-23
  • 出版时间:2022-08-12
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  • 收稿日期:2022-04-07
  • 修回日期:2022-05-25
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    1.内蒙古科技大学包头医学院药学院, 内蒙古 包头 014060
    2.内蒙古科技大学包头医学院蒙中药活性物质与功能研究所, 内蒙古 包头 014060

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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