Article(id=1210147949926028187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210147945840776034, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2018-0888, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766451354724, onlineDateStr=2025-12-23, pubDate=1657555200000, pubDateStr=2022-07-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766451354724, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766451354724, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766451354724, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1210147945840776034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2022', volume='57', issue='7', pageStart='1925', pageEnd='2244', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766451353750, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766451495727, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1210148541385798149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210147945840776034, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1210148541385798150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1210147945840776034, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2240, endPage=2244, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1210147950316098474, articleId=1210147949926028187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=null, columnId=null, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2022 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1210147951712800781, articleId=1210147949926028187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=长效降血糖药物塞马鲁肽的研制, columnId=1190335351748137800, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=新药发现与研究实例简析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2022, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=AZ1kdvfcyYsmyXY27gtXhA==, magXml=jiPYtsvbpbHWTQCdBxhkXg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=BhkY8fmrp3oIzdq/Fw/IWQ==, pdfFileSize=591575, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=OuMkAVkiZMyHHN8iQX8wzQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=vXYlXcCybb2q2uwprPUCBg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=郭宗儒)}, authors=[Author(id=1210147952086093862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147949926028187, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={CN=AuthorExt(id=1210147952199340077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147949926028187, authorId=1210147952086093862, language=CN, stringName=郭宗儒, firstName=宗儒, middleName=null, lastName=郭, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 北京 100050, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1210147951960264730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147949926028187, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210147951968653342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147949926028187, companyId=1210147951960264730, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 北京 100050)])])], keywords=null, refs=null, funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1210147951960264730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147949926028187, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1210147951968653342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147949926028187, companyId=1210147951960264730, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 北京 100050)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1210147952350335030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147949926028187, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=SyKaZFa7xXGnaJhnPiwRIw==, figureFileBig=OuMkAVkiZMyHHN8iQX8wzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210147952434221117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147949926028187, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption=
Crystal structure of the semaglutide peptide backbone (gray) in complex with the GLP-1 receptor extracellular domain; a: The structure of the C-terminus of the semaglutide peptide backbone. Hydrogen bond interactions are illustrated as dotted lines; b: Arg36 closes the hydrophobic ligand-receptor interface by aligning with Trp31 and Glu68. A water molecule is coordinated by Glu27 and Arg34 , figureFileSmall=SyKaZFa7xXGnaJhnPiwRIw==, figureFileBig=OuMkAVkiZMyHHN8iQX8wzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1210147952631353416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147949926028187, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| No. | Drug | Chemical composition | Dosage | Launched year |
| 2 | Exenatide | Natural peptide with 39 amino acids from Heloderma suspectum | Twice daily | 2005 |
| 3 | Liraglutide | Arg34GLP-1 (7-37)-Lys26-γ-Glu-C16 acid | Once daily | 2009 |
| 4 | Albiglutide | Two Gly8GLP-1 fused to human albumin | Once weekly | 2014 |
| 5 | Dulaglutide | Gly8Glu22Gly36-GLP-1 (7-37)-(Gly4Ser)3-Ala fused to Ala234, 235Pro228-IgG4-Fc | Once weekly | 2014 |
), ArticleFig(id=1210147953851895894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147949926028187, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=
The composition and dosage of marketed GLP-1 receptor agonists
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| No. | Drug | Chemical composition | Dosage | Launched year |
| 2 | Exenatide | Natural peptide with 39 amino acids from Heloderma suspectum | Twice daily | 2005 |
| 3 | Liraglutide | Arg34GLP-1 (7-37)-Lys26-γ-Glu-C16 acid | Once daily | 2009 |
| 4 | Albiglutide | Two Gly8GLP-1 fused to human albumin | Once weekly | 2014 |
| 5 | Dulaglutide | Gly8Glu22Gly36-GLP-1 (7-37)-(Gly4Ser)3-Ala fused to Ala234, 235Pro228-IgG4-Fc | Once weekly | 2014 |
), ArticleFig(id=1210147953981919327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147949926028187, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
 |
| Compd. | Xxx34 | R | L | IC50/nmol·L-1 | Ratio 2%/0% | Potency EC50 /pmol·L-1 |
| 0% HSA | 2% HSA |
| 1 | Lys | None | None | 0.16 | 0.10 | 0.5 | 16.2 |
| 6 | Arg | None | None | 0.25 | 0.14 | 0.6 | 7.6 |
| 3 | Arg | C16 monoacid | γ-Glu* | 0.11 | 4.78 | 43 | 8.5 |
| 7 | Arg | C18 monoacid | γ-Glu | 0.60 | 1.95 | 3 | 11.7 |
| 8 | Arg | C20 monoacid | γ-Glu-2OEG** | 0.16 | 0.97 | 6 | 3.7 |
| 9 | Arg | C16 diacid | None | 0.87 | 74.0 | 85 | 70.9 |
| 10 | Arg | C18 diacid | None | 2.83 | 295 | 104 | 238 |
| 11 | Arg | C18 diacid | γ-Glu-2OEG | 0.38 | 148 | 527 | 3.8 |
), ArticleFig(id=1210147954078388328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147949926028187, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=
Structure, in vitro binding affinity and potency of typical compounds. HSA: Human serum albumin
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 |
| Compd. | Xxx34 | R | L | IC50/nmol·L-1 | Ratio 2%/0% | Potency EC50 /pmol·L-1 |
| 0% HSA | 2% HSA |
| 1 | Lys | None | None | 0.16 | 0.10 | 0.5 | 16.2 |
| 6 | Arg | None | None | 0.25 | 0.14 | 0.6 | 7.6 |
| 3 | Arg | C16 monoacid | γ-Glu* | 0.11 | 4.78 | 43 | 8.5 |
| 7 | Arg | C18 monoacid | γ-Glu | 0.60 | 1.95 | 3 | 11.7 |
| 8 | Arg | C20 monoacid | γ-Glu-2OEG** | 0.16 | 0.97 | 6 | 3.7 |
| 9 | Arg | C16 diacid | None | 0.87 | 74.0 | 85 | 70.9 |
| 10 | Arg | C18 diacid | None | 2.83 | 295 | 104 | 238 |
| 11 | Arg | C18 diacid | γ-Glu-2OEG | 0.38 | 148 | 527 | 3.8 |
), ArticleFig(id=1210147954195828847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147949926028187, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
 |
| Compd. | R | L | IC50/nmol·L-1 | Ratio 2%/0% | Potency EC50 /pmol·L-1 |
| 0% HSA | 2% HSA |
| 6 | - | - | 0.25 | 0.14 | 0.6 | 7.6 |
| 12 | None | None | 0.17 | 0.08 | 0.5 | 6.2 |
| 13 | C16 monoacid | γ-Glu | 0.32 | 5.05 | 42 | 19.2 |
| 14 | C16 monoacid | 2OEG* | 0.12 | 0.75 | 2.3 | 11.1 |
| 15 | C16 monoacid | γ-Glu-OEG** | 0.16 | 3.40 | 21 | 14.7 |
| 16 | C16 monoacid | γ-Glu-2OEG | 0.19 | 3.78 | 20 | 2.7 |
| 17 | C16 monoacid | γ-Glu-3OEG*** | 0.03 | 0.22 | 8.0 | 4.3 |
| 18 | C18 monoacid | γ-Glu-2OEG | 0.04 | 1.99 | 50 | 3.2 |
| 19 | C20 monoacid | γ-Glu-2OEG | 0.18 | 0.88 | 4.9 | 4.8 |
| 20 | C12 diacid | γ-Glu-2OEG | 5.16 | 4.75 | 0.9 | 42.6 |
| 21 | C14 diacid | γ-Glu-2OEG | 2.65 | 8.87 | 3.3 | 15.7 |
| 22 | C16 diacid | 2OEG | 3.25 | 12.8 | 3.9 | 166 |
| 23 | C16 diacid | γ-Glu-2OEG | 0.94 | 20.5 | 22 | 8.6 |
), ArticleFig(id=1210147954283909237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147949926028187, language=CN, label=Table 3, caption=
SAR of derivatives of Aib8, Arg34-GLP-1(7-37) with C16-C20 acids and diacids attached to different linkers
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
 |
| Compd. | R | L | IC50/nmol·L-1 | Ratio 2%/0% | Potency EC50 /pmol·L-1 |
| 0% HSA | 2% HSA |
| 6 | - | - | 0.25 | 0.14 | 0.6 | 7.6 |
| 12 | None | None | 0.17 | 0.08 | 0.5 | 6.2 |
| 13 | C16 monoacid | γ-Glu | 0.32 | 5.05 | 42 | 19.2 |
| 14 | C16 monoacid | 2OEG* | 0.12 | 0.75 | 2.3 | 11.1 |
| 15 | C16 monoacid | γ-Glu-OEG** | 0.16 | 3.40 | 21 | 14.7 |
| 16 | C16 monoacid | γ-Glu-2OEG | 0.19 | 3.78 | 20 | 2.7 |
| 17 | C16 monoacid | γ-Glu-3OEG*** | 0.03 | 0.22 | 8.0 | 4.3 |
| 18 | C18 monoacid | γ-Glu-2OEG | 0.04 | 1.99 | 50 | 3.2 |
| 19 | C20 monoacid | γ-Glu-2OEG | 0.18 | 0.88 | 4.9 | 4.8 |
| 20 | C12 diacid | γ-Glu-2OEG | 5.16 | 4.75 | 0.9 | 42.6 |
| 21 | C14 diacid | γ-Glu-2OEG | 2.65 | 8.87 | 3.3 | 15.7 |
| 22 | C16 diacid | 2OEG | 3.25 | 12.8 | 3.9 | 166 |
| 23 | C16 diacid | γ-Glu-2OEG | 0.94 | 20.5 | 22 | 8.6 |
), ArticleFig(id=1210147954371989631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147949926028187, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
 |
| Compd. | L | IC50/nmol·L-1 | Ratio 2%/0% | Potency EC50 /pmol·L-1 |
| 0% HSA | 2% HSA |
| 24 | None | 1.86 | 27.0 | 14 | 269 |
| 25 | γ-Glu | 0.21 | 112 | 541 | 9.9 |
| 26 | γ-Glu-OEG | 0.17 | 79.9 | 477 | 4.8 |
| 27 | Dγ-Glu-2OEG | 0.13 | 30.0 | 230 | 7.1 |
| 28 | γ-Glu-2OEG | 0.38 | 357 | 940 | 6.2 |
| 29 | γ-Glu-3OEG | 0.71 | 6.17 | 8.6 | 27.7 |
| 30 | γ-Glu-dPEG8* | 5.31 | 11.4 | 2.1 | 47.3 |
| 31 | (γ-Glu)2-2OEG | 0.25 | 19.5 | 77 | 27.8 |
| 32 | (γ-Glu)3-2OEG | 0.36 | 15.2 | 43 | 67.0 |
| 33 | Abu-(γ-Glu)2-2OEG | 1.77 | 16.8 | 9.5 | 70.3 |
| 34 | Abu-2OEG** | 0.20 | 8.80 | 44 | 21.2 |
| 35 | Abu-γ-Glu-OEG | 0.58 | 20.7 | 36 | 10.7 |
| 36 | Benzyl-βAla-2OEG*** | 9.19 | 51.7 | 5.6 | 5 990 |
), ArticleFig(id=1210147954455875716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147949926028187, language=CN, label=Table 4, caption=
Compounds of Aib8, Arg34-GLP-1 (7-37) with C18-C20 diacids attached to different linkers
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
 |
| Compd. | L | IC50/nmol·L-1 | Ratio 2%/0% | Potency EC50 /pmol·L-1 |
| 0% HSA | 2% HSA |
| 24 | None | 1.86 | 27.0 | 14 | 269 |
| 25 | γ-Glu | 0.21 | 112 | 541 | 9.9 |
| 26 | γ-Glu-OEG | 0.17 | 79.9 | 477 | 4.8 |
| 27 | Dγ-Glu-2OEG | 0.13 | 30.0 | 230 | 7.1 |
| 28 | γ-Glu-2OEG | 0.38 | 357 | 940 | 6.2 |
| 29 | γ-Glu-3OEG | 0.71 | 6.17 | 8.6 | 27.7 |
| 30 | γ-Glu-dPEG8* | 5.31 | 11.4 | 2.1 | 47.3 |
| 31 | (γ-Glu)2-2OEG | 0.25 | 19.5 | 77 | 27.8 |
| 32 | (γ-Glu)3-2OEG | 0.36 | 15.2 | 43 | 67.0 |
| 33 | Abu-(γ-Glu)2-2OEG | 1.77 | 16.8 | 9.5 | 70.3 |
| 34 | Abu-2OEG** | 0.20 | 8.80 | 44 | 21.2 |
| 35 | Abu-γ-Glu-OEG | 0.58 | 20.7 | 36 | 10.7 |
| 36 | Benzyl-βAla-2OEG*** | 9.19 | 51.7 | 5.6 | 5 990 |
), ArticleFig(id=1210147954531373197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147949926028187, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Compd. | Residue modification | L | Acylation position | IC50/nmol·L-1 | Ratio 2%/0% | Potency EC50 /pmol·L-1 |
| 0% HSA | 2% HSA |
| 37 | Arg26 Arg34 Lys36 | 2OEG | Lys36 | 0.11 | 14.5 | 127 | 7.0 |
| 38 | Aib8 Lys27 | γ-Glu-2OEG | Lys27 | 0.06 | 5.39 | 98 | 4.6 |
| 39 | Aib8 Lys16 | γ-Glu-2OEG | Lys16 | 0.50 | 25.5 | 51 | 9.9 |
| 40 | Aib8 Aib22 Aib35 Lys36 | OEG | Lys37 | 0.77 | 19.3 | 25 | 409 |
| 41 | Aib8 Lys22 | γ-Glu-2OEG | Lys22 | 0.06 | 17.7 | 280 | 2.7 |
| 42 | Aib8 Lys25 | γ-Glu-2OEG | Lys25 | 1.13 | 41.6 | 37 | 41.8 |
| 43 | Aib8 Ar26 Ar34 Lys36 | None | Lys36 | 0.52 | 23.0 | 45 | 159 |
| 44 | Aib8 Ar26 Ar34 Lys38 | None | Lys38 | 0.31 | 7.55 | 24 | 87.3 |
| 45 | Aib8 Ar26 Ar34 Lys38 | 2OEG | Lys38 | 0.11 | 3.99 | 36 | 13.2 |
| 46 | Aib8 Ar26 Ar34 Lys38 | γ-Glu-2OEG | Lys38 | 0.09 | 30.1 | 334 | 1.5 |
| 47 | Aib8 Ar34 Lys38 | 2OEG | Lys38 | 0.27 | 6.73 | 25 | 67.5 |
| 48 | Gly8 Ar34 | 2OEG | Lys26 | 0.1 | 6.5 | 64 | 26.0 |
), ArticleFig(id=1210147954632036502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147949926028187, language=CN, label=Table 5, caption=
Compounds of GLP-1 (7-37) peptides attached with C18 diacids via γ-Glu and OEG containing linkers and to 16, 22, 25, 26, 27, 36, 37 and 38 positions of the peptides
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Compd. | Residue modification | L | Acylation position | IC50/nmol·L-1 | Ratio 2%/0% | Potency EC50 /pmol·L-1 |
| 0% HSA | 2% HSA |
| 37 | Arg26 Arg34 Lys36 | 2OEG | Lys36 | 0.11 | 14.5 | 127 | 7.0 |
| 38 | Aib8 Lys27 | γ-Glu-2OEG | Lys27 | 0.06 | 5.39 | 98 | 4.6 |
| 39 | Aib8 Lys16 | γ-Glu-2OEG | Lys16 | 0.50 | 25.5 | 51 | 9.9 |
| 40 | Aib8 Aib22 Aib35 Lys36 | OEG | Lys37 | 0.77 | 19.3 | 25 | 409 |
| 41 | Aib8 Lys22 | γ-Glu-2OEG | Lys22 | 0.06 | 17.7 | 280 | 2.7 |
| 42 | Aib8 Lys25 | γ-Glu-2OEG | Lys25 | 1.13 | 41.6 | 37 | 41.8 |
| 43 | Aib8 Ar26 Ar34 Lys36 | None | Lys36 | 0.52 | 23.0 | 45 | 159 |
| 44 | Aib8 Ar26 Ar34 Lys38 | None | Lys38 | 0.31 | 7.55 | 24 | 87.3 |
| 45 | Aib8 Ar26 Ar34 Lys38 | 2OEG | Lys38 | 0.11 | 3.99 | 36 | 13.2 |
| 46 | Aib8 Ar26 Ar34 Lys38 | γ-Glu-2OEG | Lys38 | 0.09 | 30.1 | 334 | 1.5 |
| 47 | Aib8 Ar34 Lys38 | 2OEG | Lys38 | 0.27 | 6.73 | 25 | 67.5 |
| 48 | Gly8 Ar34 | 2OEG | Lys26 | 0.1 | 6.5 | 64 | 26.0 |
), ArticleFig(id=1210147954703339679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147949926028187, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Compd. | i.v. administration | | s.c. administration |
| CL/L·h-1·kg-1 | Vd/L·kg-1 | t1/2/h | Tmax/h | MRT/h | F/% |
| Liraglutide | 0.003 8 | 0.067 4 | 12.4 | | 7 | 23.0 | 66 |
| Semaglutide | 0.001 6 | 0.101 9 | 46.1 | | 12 | 63.6 | 94 |
), ArticleFig(id=1210147954799808679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1210147949926028187, language=CN, label=Table 6, caption=
Pharmacokinetic evaluation in Gőttingen mini-pigs following administration of semaglutide (28, 2 nmol·kg-1 i.v. or 2 nmol·kg-1 s.c.) and liraglutide (3, 0.5 nmol·kg-1 i.v. or 1.0 nmol·kg-1 s.c.)
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Compd. | i.v. administration | | s.c. administration |
| CL/L·h-1·kg-1 | Vd/L·kg-1 | t1/2/h | Tmax/h | MRT/h | F/% |
| Liraglutide | 0.003 8 | 0.067 4 | 12.4 | | 7 | 23.0 | 66 |
| Semaglutide | 0.001 6 | 0.101 9 | 46.1 | | 12 | 63.6 | 94 |
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