Article(id=1208491499537416400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1208491462300385385, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2021-0912, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1624291200000, receivedDateStr=2021-06-22, revisedDate=1625500800000, revisedDateStr=2021-07-06, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766056426175, onlineDateStr=2025-12-18, pubDate=1628697600000, pubDateStr=2021-08-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766056426175, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766056426175, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766056426175, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1208491462300385385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2021', volume='56', issue='8', pageStart='2039', pageEnd='2324', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766056417298, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766137099178, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1208829866691130129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1208491462300385385, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1208829866691130130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1208491462300385385, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2070, endPage=2085, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1208491501051560197, articleId=1208491499537416400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=The research progress on the structure pharmaceutics and dosage form structures of traditional Chinese medicines, columnId=1208491496576238458, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Special Reports: Structural Chinese Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparations have made tremendous progresses in modernization, whereas there exist relatively few researches pertaining to preparation structures. As demonstrated by the theory and practice of structure pharmaceutics, the structure properties of dosage forms have significant influences on the quality and efficacy of drugs, which might offer reference for the research and development of TCM dosage forms. With the application of synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-computed tomography (SR-μCT) and other novel technologies in recent years, researches in structure pharmaceutics have made huge advancement, which provide reference and methodology basis for the study of TCM preparations. The article generalized and summarized the recent progresses and methods in the structure researches of pharmaceutics and TCM preparations, and further explored the significance of the researches of structure of TCM preparations. It is expected to provide the basis for the dosage form design, production process improvement, and quality evaluation of TCM and promote the modernization of TCM preparations.
, correspAuthors=Wei-feng ZHU, Ji-wen ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2021 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ting YANG, Zhe LI, Dao-ming FENG, Ying ZHANG, Jing LI, Hui-peng XU, Wen-ting WU, Li WU, Xian-zhen YIN, Wei-feng ZHU, Ji-wen ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1208491505933730438, articleId=1208491499537416400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=结构药剂学与中药制剂结构研究进展, columnId=1208491496861451165, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=专题报道:结构中药学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
中药在制剂现代化方面取得了很大的进步,但目前中药制剂的结构研究较少。结构药剂学的理论与实践表明,制剂的结构属性对药物质量和药效发挥具有重要作用,这对传统及现代的中药剂型研究与开发具有借鉴意义。近年来,应用同步辐射X射线计算机断层扫描成像(synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-computed tomography,SR-μCT)等新技术,制剂结构研究取得进展,为开展中药制剂研究提供借鉴和方法支撑。本文对近年来药物制剂结构研究的进展、方法及中药制剂的结构研究进行归纳和总结,探讨中药制剂结构研究的意义,以期为中药制剂的剂型设计、工艺改善和质量评价提供依据,助推中药制剂的现代化。
, correspAuthors=朱卫丰, 张继稳, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
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, authorsList=杨婷, 李哲, 冯道明, 张莹, 李晶, 许慧鹏, 吴文婷, 伍丽, 殷宪振, 朱卫丰, 张继稳)}, authors=[Author(id=1208491506780979942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491499537416400, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1208491506936169213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491499537416400, authorId=1208491506780979942, language=EN, stringName=Ting YANG, firstName=Ting, middleName=null, lastName=YANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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Counterflow cold effervescent tablets: CN, 102100902A[P/OL]. 2011-06-22., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1208491517279322534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491499537416400, awardId=2020YFE0201700, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划资助项目(2020YFE0201700), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1208491517379985834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491499537416400, awardId=8180130258, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(8180130258), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1208491517493232047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491499537416400, awardId=82003953, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(82003953), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1208491506395103930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491499537416400, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1208491506403492540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491499537416400, companyId=1208491506395103930, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1208491506411881148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491499537416400, companyId=1208491506395103930, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国科学院上海药物研究所, 上海 201203)]), AuthorCompany(id=1208491506504155847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491499537416400, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1208491506520933066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491499537416400, companyId=1208491506504155847, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1208491506529321676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491499537416400, companyId=1208491506504155847, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.江西中医药大学, 江西 南昌 330004)]), AuthorCompany(id=1208491506650956502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491499537416400, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1208491506671928026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491499537416400, companyId=1208491506650956502, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1208491506680316637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491499537416400, companyId=1208491506650956502, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.南京中医药大学, 江苏 南京 210023)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1208491514393641194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491499537416400, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=p0tni3bk+yJqM034LR6BjQ==, figureFileBig=Rq2rUCSLGDWqY8VVGzEHZw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491514494304498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491499537416400, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption=
The structural characteristics of osmotic pump tablets. A: Some classic structures of osmotic pump tablets; B: The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) micrographs of the isolated membranes. (Adapted from Ref. 16 with permission. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier); C: The 3D structures of laser drilled orifices from osmotic pump tablets imaged by synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-computed tomography (SR-μCT). (Adapted from Ref. 17 with permission. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier). OP-DDS: Osmotic pump drug delivery system , figureFileSmall=p0tni3bk+yJqM034LR6BjQ==, figureFileBig=Rq2rUCSLGDWqY8VVGzEHZw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491514729185543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491499537416400, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=9O5Qtx1NspZvZX4p/8g/kQ==, figureFileBig=LDSTaRMqmnZUXCEYtfqxvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491514825654543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491499537416400, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption=
The 3D structures of pellets compressed tablets imaged using SR-μCT. A: Theophylline multiple-unit pellet system tablets. (Adapted from Ref. 20 with permission. Copyright © 2018 American Chemical Society); B: Metoprolol succinate sustained-release tablets. (Adapted from Ref. 21 with permission. Copyright © 2020 Elsevier). THEO: Theophylline; SUC: Sucrose; LAC: Lactose; SLS: Sodium lauryl sulfate; GEM: Glyceryl monostearate , figureFileSmall=9O5Qtx1NspZvZX4p/8g/kQ==, figureFileBig=LDSTaRMqmnZUXCEYtfqxvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491514917929239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491499537416400, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=8ZClVxxZl6CZCGqkolCHLw==, figureFileBig=vBzItagbcb1tIGIypCU5zg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491515006009630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491499537416400, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption=
The 3D structures of matrix tablets imaged using SR-μCT. A: Felodipine gel-forming matrix tablets. (Adapted from Ref. 23 with permission. Copyright © 2013 American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists); B: Chitosan-anionic polymers based matrix tablets. (Adapted from Ref. 24 with permission. Copyright © 2020 Elsevier) , figureFileSmall=8ZClVxxZl6CZCGqkolCHLw==, figureFileBig=vBzItagbcb1tIGIypCU5zg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491515081507110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491499537416400, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=r1zaf5h3m3eM9cMQI5CUSA==, figureFileBig=yMWPso+uqQLRacaFCrx5qg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491515173781802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491499537416400, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption=
The 3D precise structures of pellets imaged using SR-μCT. A: Tamsulosin hydrochloride sustained-release pellets. (Adapted from Ref. 30 with permission. Copyright © 2014 American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists); B: Partial magnification of a 2D slice of the theophylline multiple-unit pellet system tablet (ML: Matrix layer, PCL: Protective cushion layer, PL: Pellets, PC: Pellet core, DL: Drug layer, CL: Coating layer). (Adapted from Ref. 20 with permission. Copyright © 2018 American Chemical Society); C: Metoprolol succinate sustained-release single pellets. (Adapted from Ref. 21 with permission. Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V.); D: Esomeprazole magnesium enteric coated pellets (left) and omeprazole magnesium enteric coated pellets (right). (Adapted from Ref. 22 with permission. Copyright © 2021 Chinese Pharmaceutical Association and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.) , figureFileSmall=r1zaf5h3m3eM9cMQI5CUSA==, figureFileBig=yMWPso+uqQLRacaFCrx5qg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491515303805234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491499537416400, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=DECOgtNqr3eYnkA/uBPYPg==, figureFileBig=Vv0/lLD14y0kkAerZiVtxw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491515454800185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491499537416400, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption=
The 3D structures of particles imaged using SR-μCT. A: Influence of the time of rotations on the mixed granular system. (Adapted from Ref. 32 with permission. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V.); B: The 3D images of stearic acid (SA) particles in different kinds of glipizide tablets, location of the total SA particles in tablets (a, c, e), a partial enlarged view of SA particles (b, d, f). SA in reference listed drug (a, b), unmodified (c, d) and reprocessed tablets (e, f), respectively. (Adapted from Ref. 33 with permission. Copyright © 2019 Shenyang Pharmaceutical University. Published by Elsevier B.V.) , figureFileSmall=DECOgtNqr3eYnkA/uBPYPg==, figureFileBig=Vv0/lLD14y0kkAerZiVtxw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491515547074880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491499537416400, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=PhtnLJaGVz9NAC5KcG+CrQ==, figureFileBig=1U5CALI7g6+UlVI1Q8fv9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491515786150219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491499537416400, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption=
The 3D images of microcapsules and microspheres by SR-μCT. A: The internal structures of microcapsules. (Adapted from Ref. 34 with permission. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved); B: The images of air-cooling microsphere (a, d), water-cooling microspheres (b, e) and citric acid solution-cooling microsphere (c, f). (Adapted from Ref. 37 with permission. Copyright © 2018 Shenyang Pharmaceutical University. Published by Elsevier B.V.) , figureFileSmall=PhtnLJaGVz9NAC5KcG+CrQ==, figureFileBig=1U5CALI7g6+UlVI1Q8fv9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491515907785043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491499537416400, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=FDNgv3KIuVBcLvsVxqmaXg==, figureFileBig=+dJjTDUZlglsiMC5axZfIQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491516016836956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491499537416400, language=CN, label=Figure 7, caption=
Dynamic structural features of formulations visualized by SR-μCT. A: The 3D images of felodipine monolithic osmotic tablets at different sampling time. (Adapted from Ref. 38 with permission. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V.); B: The 3D images of the hydration layer of felodipine gel-forming matrix tablets during dissolution. (Adapted from Ref. 23 with permission. Copyright © 2013 American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists); C: The quantitative analysis of the hydration layer of felodipine gel-forming matrix tablets during dissolution. (Adapted from Ref. 23 with permission. Copyright © 2013 American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists); D: The 3D images and hydration dynamics of chitosan-λ-carrageenan (CS-λ-CG) matrix tablets during dissolution. (Adapted from Ref. 24 with permission. Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V.); E: Dynamic structure of single pellets of metoprolol succinate sustained-release tablets at different sampling time. (Adapted from Ref. 21 with permission. Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V.); F: Dynamic structure of omeprazole magnesium enteric coated pellets during dissolution. (Adapted from Ref. 22 with permission. © 2021 Chinese Pharmaceutical Association and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.) , figureFileSmall=FDNgv3KIuVBcLvsVxqmaXg==, figureFileBig=+dJjTDUZlglsiMC5axZfIQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491516130083169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491499537416400, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=uLLTJaJQt4HnXw6n0fQGkw==, figureFileBig=7Y7qd1/OJra81KkS4/Qy6A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491516226552168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491499537416400, language=CN, label=Figure 8, caption=
Substances distribution of single microspheres (MS) and osmotic pump coating membrane derived using synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared spectromicroscopy (SR-FTIR) mapping. A: The distribution of drugs and excipients in single microspheres based on spectral images constructed using the relative ratio. (Adapted from Ref. 39 with permission. Copyright © 2015 Chinese Pharmaceutical Association and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.); B: The spectra and chemical mapping of the membranes in osmotic pump. (Adapted from Ref. 16 with permission. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V.) , figureFileSmall=uLLTJaJQt4HnXw6n0fQGkw==, figureFileBig=7Y7qd1/OJra81KkS4/Qy6A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491516339798381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491499537416400, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=uoTOgAIl5tSEqLBMSwEACw==, figureFileBig=uf2rWxqE+vVkOabkP0AeFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491516436267381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491499537416400, language=CN, label=Figure 9, caption=
Light source applied in various imaging technologies , figureFileSmall=uoTOgAIl5tSEqLBMSwEACw==, figureFileBig=uf2rWxqE+vVkOabkP0AeFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491516562096505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491499537416400, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=cRWRKAnEmyBl9LIF4O0LMA==, figureFileBig=sVFpQVEzz5S1++oED5FbdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491516679537024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491499537416400, language=CN, label=Figure 10, caption=
Spectra of electromagnetic waves. (Adapted from Ref. 41 with permission. Copyright © 2007 Pharmaceutical Press) , figureFileSmall=cRWRKAnEmyBl9LIF4O0LMA==, figureFileBig=sVFpQVEzz5S1++oED5FbdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491516822143367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491499537416400, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=BqB03/BHEp5mFqzioDXUJg==, figureFileBig=zI/CLXd9G4RHeLnptlN8EQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491516927000971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491499537416400, language=CN, label=11, caption=
Traditional Chinese medicine effervescent tablets with innovative structure. A: Schematic structural image of a ring form punched effervescent tablets with connecting bands; B: The physical map of effervescent tablets
, figureFileSmall=BqB03/BHEp5mFqzioDXUJg==, figureFileBig=zI/CLXd9G4RHeLnptlN8EQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491517048635798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491499537416400, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Classification | Nomenclature | Advantage | Disadvantage | Application range |
| 2D imaging | Electron | High magnification | Difficult to prepare specimen and | 0.1-1 mm, superficial and inner |
| technologies | microscope | | unable to characterize stereoscopic | structures of preparations |
| | | structures | |
| Characterization | PXRD | Fast and precise | Susceptible to interference and | Identification of multi-crystalline |
| technologies | | | overlap peaks | structures |
| associated to | SAXS | Wide application range and applicable | Not applicable to thick specimen | 1-1 000 nm, shape and size |
| structural | | to solid and liquid specimen | or specimen loaded in complex | distribution of particles; analysis in |
| features | | | containers | microstructures |
| Laser | Fast to test and easy to operate, wide | —— | High quality imaging inside the |
| granulometry | application range, high repeatability | | of particles |
| | and authenticity | | |
| 3D imaging | MRI | Stereoscopic imaging, back projection | —— | High quality imaging inside the |
| technologies | | technology and nuclear magnetic reso‐ | | human body, molecular microscopic |
| | nance principle | | chemical and physical information |
| THz imaging | High penetrating capability, wide mea‐ | High laser emission power; | Identification and quantification of |
| | surement range, small sample volume | difficult to obtain spectrum | polymorphism, phase change |
| | and non-destructive measurement | | monitoring, characterization of |
| | | | hydrate morphology and tablet |
| | | | coating research |
| LSCRM | High spatial resolution and contrast, | Laser may burn samples, cosmic | Sample spatial distribution, relative |
| | non-destructive | ray and fluorescence interference | quantity of components, stress and |
| | | | strain state, crystallinity and |
| | | | polymorphism, etc |
| SR-μCT | High spatial resolution and contrast, | —— | Micron to submicron, in situ and |
| | non-destructive analysis, quantitative | | non-destructive structure analysis of |
| | characterization of structural parameters | | preparations |
| MOST, | High throughput, sub-micron level, | Applications in the field of | Neuroscience, distribution of drugs |
| f-MOST | mostly used for medical imaging | preparation structure deserve | in tissues |
| | | further exploration | |
), ArticleFig(id=1208491517161882012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491499537416400, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=
The classification, features and application range of technologies in structure study. PXRD: Powder X-ray diffraction; SAXS: Small angle X-ray scattering; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; LSCRM: Laser scanning confocal Raman microscopy; MOST: Micro-optical sectioning tomography
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Classification | Nomenclature | Advantage | Disadvantage | Application range |
| 2D imaging | Electron | High magnification | Difficult to prepare specimen and | 0.1-1 mm, superficial and inner |
| technologies | microscope | | unable to characterize stereoscopic | structures of preparations |
| | | structures | |
| Characterization | PXRD | Fast and precise | Susceptible to interference and | Identification of multi-crystalline |
| technologies | | | overlap peaks | structures |
| associated to | SAXS | Wide application range and applicable | Not applicable to thick specimen | 1-1 000 nm, shape and size |
| structural | | to solid and liquid specimen | or specimen loaded in complex | distribution of particles; analysis in |
| features | | | containers | microstructures |
| Laser | Fast to test and easy to operate, wide | —— | High quality imaging inside the |
| granulometry | application range, high repeatability | | of particles |
| | and authenticity | | |
| 3D imaging | MRI | Stereoscopic imaging, back projection | —— | High quality imaging inside the |
| technologies | | technology and nuclear magnetic reso‐ | | human body, molecular microscopic |
| | nance principle | | chemical and physical information |
| THz imaging | High penetrating capability, wide mea‐ | High laser emission power; | Identification and quantification of |
| | surement range, small sample volume | difficult to obtain spectrum | polymorphism, phase change |
| | and non-destructive measurement | | monitoring, characterization of |
| | | | hydrate morphology and tablet |
| | | | coating research |
| LSCRM | High spatial resolution and contrast, | Laser may burn samples, cosmic | Sample spatial distribution, relative |
| | non-destructive | ray and fluorescence interference | quantity of components, stress and |
| | | | strain state, crystallinity and |
| | | | polymorphism, etc |
| SR-μCT | High spatial resolution and contrast, | —— | Micron to submicron, in situ and |
| | non-destructive analysis, quantitative | | non-destructive structure analysis of |
| | characterization of structural parameters | | preparations |
| MOST, | High throughput, sub-micron level, | Applications in the field of | Neuroscience, distribution of drugs |
| f-MOST | mostly used for medical imaging | preparation structure deserve | in tissues |
| | | further exploration | |
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