Article(id=1208491488904852128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1208491481367687341, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2021-0144, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1611763200000, receivedDateStr=2021-01-28, revisedDate=1616688000000, revisedDateStr=2021-03-26, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766056423641, onlineDateStr=2025-12-18, pubDate=1626019200000, pubDateStr=2021-07-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766056423641, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766056423641, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766056423641, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1208491481367687341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2021', volume='56', issue='7', pageStart='1749', pageEnd='2038', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766056421844, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766137126496, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1208829981292106015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1208491481367687341, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1208829981292106016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1208491481367687341, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1927, endPage=1935, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1208491489429140182, articleId=1208491488904852128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=In vitro functional similarity assessment of a proposed biosimilar BAT1706 to bevacizumab, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Biosimilars are biological medicinal products that are highly similar to an already licensed reference product in terms of quality, safety, and efficacy. BAT1706 is being developed by Bio-Thera Solutions, Ltd. as a proposed biosimilar candidate to bevacizumab reference product (Avastin®). Bevacizumab acts by specifically binding to vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), and preventing the interaction of VEGF-A with its receptors on the surface of endothelial cells, then blocking the downstream signaling pathway mediated by ligand-receptor, and inhibiting endothelial angiogenesis, thus inhibiting tumor growth. Comprehensive analytical characterization studies incorporating orthogonal analytical techniques were performed to compare the in vitro functional activities of BAT1706 and Avastin®. BAT1706 and Avastin® showed highly similar binding activity to multiple VEGF-A isoforms and equivalent VEGF-A neutralizing activity, as well as inhibitory activity of VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-2 tyrosine kinase autophosphorylation. Both products exhibited similar binding of the Fcγ receptors and a lack of Fc-related effector functions such as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). Overall, the results demonstrate that BAT1706 and Avastin® are highly similar in terms of in vitro functional activities.

, correspAuthors=Cui-hua LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2021 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Chun-ping DENG, Hang CHEN, Ying-hua WANG, Shen-di LIANG, Di CAO, Jin-quan YU, Sheng-feng LI, Cui-hua LIU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1208491492847498213, articleId=1208491488904852128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=贝伐珠单抗生物类似药BAT1706体外生物学活性相似性研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

生物类似药是在质量、安全性和有效性方面与已获准注册的参照药具有相似性的治疗用生物制品。BAT1706是百奥泰生物制药股份有限公司研发的一款贝伐珠单抗生物类似药,可与血管内皮生长因子A(vascular endothelial growth factor A,VEGF-A)特异性结合,阻断其与内皮细胞表面VEGF受体(VEGF receptor,VEGFR)的结合,阻断配体-受体介导的下游信号通路,抑制内皮血管新生,从而抑制肿瘤生长。采用多种分析技术对BAT1706与原研药Avastin®的体外生物学功能活性进行了全面对比分析,以评价两者的相似性。结果显示,BAT1706与不同形式VEGF-A的结合活性同Avastin®高度相似;两者中和VEGF-A的生物学活性等效,抑制VEGF-A介导的VEGFR-2自磷酸化活性高度相似;此外,BAT1706与不同类型Fcγ受体的亲和力同Avastin®高度相似,且两者均不能诱导肿瘤细胞产生抗体依赖的细胞介导的细胞毒性作用(antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity,ADCC)及补体介导的细胞毒性作用(complement-dependent cytotoxicity,CDC)效应。本研究证明了BAT1706与Avastin®在体外生物学功能活性方面的相似性。

, correspAuthors=刘翠华, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*刘翠华, Tel: 86-20-89850125, E-mail:
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Angiogenesis, 2004, 7: 335-345., articleTitle=Biological activity of bevacizumab, a humanized anti-VEGF antibody in vitro, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1208491503861740435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491488904852128, awardId=2013ZX09401001, language=CN, fundingSource=国家“重大新药创制”科技重大专项资助项目(2013ZX09401001), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1208491505078088611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491488904852128, awardId=2013Y116, language=CN, fundingSource=广东省引进创新创业团队资助项目(2013Y116), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1208491493199818769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491488904852128, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1208491493237567508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491488904852128, companyId=1208491493199818769, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Bio-Thera Solutions, Ltd., Guangzhou 510530, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1208491493283704856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491488904852128, companyId=1208491493199818769, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=百奥泰生物制药股份有限公司, 广东 广州 510530)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1208491501135442582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491488904852128, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=JXGVsGXjHeRVMkbMkOnhMw==, figureFileBig=uu2qgL/kyxhRc3CokZ+vFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491501290631846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491488904852128, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= The relative binding activity of BAT1706 (<i>n</i> = 10, red) and Avastin<sup>®</sup> (<i>n</i> = 11, green) to VEGF-A<sub>165</sub>, tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A: The representative dose-response curve of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A<sub>165</sub> binding; B: Scatter plot of binding to VEGF-A<sub>165</sub> for BAT1706 and Avastin<sup>®</sup>. The mean relative binding activities are indicated by the solid lines; C: Equivalence testing graph of binding to VEGF-A<sub>165</sub> for BAT1706 and Avastin<sup>®</sup>. EAC: Equivalence acceptance criterion; the solid dot represents the mean difference and the vertical bar represents the 90% confidence interval (CI) , figureFileSmall=JXGVsGXjHeRVMkbMkOnhMw==, figureFileBig=uu2qgL/kyxhRc3CokZ+vFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491501554873027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491488904852128, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=KKdBKQeULTT+9E+9cLbRrQ==, figureFileBig=DtPQhv0cVK20bXiGu3umag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491501680702157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491488904852128, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= The relative VEGF-A neutralizing activity of BAT1706 (<i>n</i> = 10, red) and Avastin<sup>®</sup> (<i>n</i> = 11, green) tested by human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation inhibition bioassay. A: The representative dose-response curve of VEGF-A neutralizing activity; B: Scatter plot of VEGF-A neutralizing activity for BAT1706 and Avastin<sup>®</sup>. The mean relative biological activities are indicated by the solid lines; C: Equivalence testing graph of VEGF-A neutralizing activity for BAT1706 and Avastin<sup>®</sup>; the solid dot represents the mean difference and the vertical bar represents the 90% CI , figureFileSmall=KKdBKQeULTT+9E+9cLbRrQ==, figureFileBig=DtPQhv0cVK20bXiGu3umag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491501894611678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491488904852128, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=A8zIxwb/9up7BAjSy0W7Nw==, figureFileBig=NiIaaiF2H0mgR6zBBc2Rrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491502083355371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491488904852128, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= The relative VEGF-A neutralizing activity of BAT1706 (<i>n</i> = 10, red) and Avastin<sup>®</sup> (<i>n</i> = 11, green), tested by reporter gene assay (RGA). A: The representative dose-response curve of VEGF-A neutralizing activity; B: Scatter plot of VEGF-A neutralizing activity for BAT1706 and Avastin<sup>®</sup>. The mean relative biological activities are indicated by the solid lines; C: Equivalence testing graph of VEGF-A neutralizing activity for BAT1706 and Avastin<sup>®</sup>; the solid dot represents the mean difference and the vertical bar represents the 90% CI , figureFileSmall=A8zIxwb/9up7BAjSy0W7Nw==, figureFileBig=NiIaaiF2H0mgR6zBBc2Rrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491502301459191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491488904852128, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=wjLSaWlAeTCRm5xHF4AVRQ==, figureFileBig=rOBYhqwiz6LfwaHqEet0KQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491502477619979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491488904852128, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= Dose-response curve of VEGFR-2 receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) autophosphorylation inhibitory activity for BAT1706 and Avastin<sup>®</sup> , figureFileSmall=wjLSaWlAeTCRm5xHF4AVRQ==, figureFileBig=rOBYhqwiz6LfwaHqEet0KQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491502632809238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491488904852128, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=B5C6vhakQ/4wdld12mJrqw==, figureFileBig=PeB0QR7jjVy71YXaiVUSbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491502771221278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491488904852128, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= Fc<i>γ</i>RIIIa (158) and FcRn binding affinity for BAT1706 (<i>n</i> = 10, red) and Avastin<sup>®</sup> (<i>n</i> = 8, green). A: Fc<i>γ</i>RIIIa (158V) binding affinity for BAT1706 and Avastin<sup>®</sup>, tested by Biacore surface plasmon resonance (SPR); B: Fc<i>γ</i>RIIIa (158F) binding affinity for BAT1706 and Avastin<sup>®</sup>, tested by Biacore SPR; C: FcRn binding affinity for BAT1706 and Avastin<sup>®</sup>, tested by Octet bio-layer interferometry (BLI). The mean binding affinity is indicated by the solid line , figureFileSmall=B5C6vhakQ/4wdld12mJrqw==, figureFileBig=PeB0QR7jjVy71YXaiVUSbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491502926410541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491488904852128, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=k/LuVc7ALduo+EqRA1SLsQ==, figureFileBig=8L41KzpIoP32Sp68IHQz8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491503031268155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491488904852128, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption= A: Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity for BAT1706 and Avastin<sup>®</sup>; B: C1q binding affinity for BAT1706 (<i>n</i> = 10, red) and Avastin<sup>®</sup> (<i>n</i> = 7, green), tested by Octet BLI; C: Complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) activity for BAT1706 and Avastin<sup>®</sup> , figureFileSmall=k/LuVc7ALduo+EqRA1SLsQ==, figureFileBig=8L41KzpIoP32Sp68IHQz8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491503140320071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491488904852128, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
VEGF-A isoform Batch (BAT1706∶Avastin®) Relative activity/%
BAT1706 Avastin®
VEGF-A121 10∶7 101 ± 6 93 ± 9
VEGF-A145 3∶3 93 ± 4 92 ± 4
VEGF-A189 3∶3 94 ± 2 89 ± 2
VEGF-A206 3∶3 91 ± 3 92 ± 2
), ArticleFig(id=1208491503261954897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491488904852128, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

VEGF-A isoforms binding activity for BAT1706 and Avastin®. The relative activity was represented as mean ± standard deviation (SD)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
VEGF-A isoform Batch (BAT1706∶Avastin®) Relative activity/%
BAT1706 Avastin®
VEGF-A121 10∶7 101 ± 6 93 ± 9
VEGF-A145 3∶3 93 ± 4 92 ± 4
VEGF-A189 3∶3 94 ± 2 89 ± 2
VEGF-A206 3∶3 91 ± 3 92 ± 2
), ArticleFig(id=1208491503400366942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491488904852128, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Product Batch VEGF-A isoform ka/mol·L-1·s-1 kd/s-1 KD/mol·L-1
BAT1706 3 VEGF-A111 (1.96 ± 0.07)×105 (6.39 ± 0.35)×10-5 (3.26 ± 0.29)×10-10
3 VEGF-A121 (1.79 ± 0.08)×105 (5.86 ± 0.28)×10-5 (3.29 ± 0.24)×10-10
3 VEGF-A165 (1.03 ± 0.06)×106 (5.51 ± 0.05)×10-5 (5.35 ± 0.29)×10-11
Avastin® 3 VEGF-A111 (2.02 ± 0.06)×105 (6.13 ± 0.35)×10-5 (3.03 ± 0.26)×10-10
3 VEGF-A121 (1.53 ± 0.06)×105 (6.00 ± 0.28)×10-5 (3.91 ± 0.32)×10-10
3 VEGF-A165 (0.96 ± 0.03)×106 (4.61 ± 0.38)×10-5 (4.79 ± 0.40)×10-11
), ArticleFig(id=1208491503488447340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491488904852128, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=

VEGF-A isoforms binding kinetics for BAT1706 and Avastin®. Data were presented as mean ± SD

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Product Batch VEGF-A isoform ka/mol·L-1·s-1 kd/s-1 KD/mol·L-1
BAT1706 3 VEGF-A111 (1.96 ± 0.07)×105 (6.39 ± 0.35)×10-5 (3.26 ± 0.29)×10-10
3 VEGF-A121 (1.79 ± 0.08)×105 (5.86 ± 0.28)×10-5 (3.29 ± 0.24)×10-10
3 VEGF-A165 (1.03 ± 0.06)×106 (5.51 ± 0.05)×10-5 (5.35 ± 0.29)×10-11
Avastin® 3 VEGF-A111 (2.02 ± 0.06)×105 (6.13 ± 0.35)×10-5 (3.03 ± 0.26)×10-10
3 VEGF-A121 (1.53 ± 0.06)×105 (6.00 ± 0.28)×10-5 (3.91 ± 0.32)×10-10
3 VEGF-A165 (0.96 ± 0.03)×106 (4.61 ± 0.38)×10-5 (4.79 ± 0.40)×10-11
), ArticleFig(id=1208491503597499253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491488904852128, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Product Batch FcγR KD /mol·L-1
BAT1706 3 FcγRIa (5.88 ± 0.32)×10-11
3 FcγRIIa (131H) (6.53 ± 0.33)×10-7
3 FcγRIIa (131R) (7.17 ± 0.12)×10-7
3 FcγRIIb (1.27 ± 0.06)×10-6
3 FcγRIIIb (4.80 ± 1.06)×10-6
Avastin® 3 FcγRIa (5.91 ± 0.37)×10-11
3 FcγRIIa (131H) (8.27 ± 0.32)×10-7
3 FcγRIIa (131R) (8.57 ± 0.21)×10-7
3 FcγRIIb (1.47 ± 0.12)×10-6
3 FcγRIIIb (5.60 ± 0.46)×10-6
), ArticleFig(id=1208491503723328390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491488904852128, language=CN, label=Table 3, caption=

FcγRs binding affinity for BAT1706 and Avastin®. Data were presented as mean ± SD

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Product Batch FcγR KD /mol·L-1
BAT1706 3 FcγRIa (5.88 ± 0.32)×10-11
3 FcγRIIa (131H) (6.53 ± 0.33)×10-7
3 FcγRIIa (131R) (7.17 ± 0.12)×10-7
3 FcγRIIb (1.27 ± 0.06)×10-6
3 FcγRIIIb (4.80 ± 1.06)×10-6
Avastin® 3 FcγRIa (5.91 ± 0.37)×10-11
3 FcγRIIa (131H) (8.27 ± 0.32)×10-7
3 FcγRIIa (131R) (8.57 ± 0.21)×10-7
3 FcγRIIb (1.47 ± 0.12)×10-6
3 FcγRIIIb (5.60 ± 0.46)×10-6
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贝伐珠单抗生物类似药BAT1706体外生物学活性相似性研究
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邓春平 , 陈航 , 王英华 , 梁神娣 , 曹迪 , 俞金泉 , 李胜峰 , 刘翠华 *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2021,56(7): 1927-1935
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2021, 56(7): 1927-1935
贝伐珠单抗生物类似药BAT1706体外生物学活性相似性研究
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邓春平, 陈航, 王英华, 梁神娣, 曹迪, 俞金泉, 李胜峰, 刘翠华*
作者信息
  • 百奥泰生物制药股份有限公司, 广东 广州 510530

通讯作者:

*刘翠华, Tel: 86-20-89850125, E-mail:
In vitro functional similarity assessment of a proposed biosimilar BAT1706 to bevacizumab
Chun-ping DENG, Hang CHEN, Ying-hua WANG, Shen-di LIANG, Di CAO, Jin-quan YU, Sheng-feng LI, Cui-hua LIU*
Affiliations
  • Bio-Thera Solutions, Ltd., Guangzhou 510530, China
出版时间: 2021-07-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2021-0144
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生物类似药是在质量、安全性和有效性方面与已获准注册的参照药具有相似性的治疗用生物制品。BAT1706是百奥泰生物制药股份有限公司研发的一款贝伐珠单抗生物类似药,可与血管内皮生长因子A(vascular endothelial growth factor A,VEGF-A)特异性结合,阻断其与内皮细胞表面VEGF受体(VEGF receptor,VEGFR)的结合,阻断配体-受体介导的下游信号通路,抑制内皮血管新生,从而抑制肿瘤生长。采用多种分析技术对BAT1706与原研药Avastin®的体外生物学功能活性进行了全面对比分析,以评价两者的相似性。结果显示,BAT1706与不同形式VEGF-A的结合活性同Avastin®高度相似;两者中和VEGF-A的生物学活性等效,抑制VEGF-A介导的VEGFR-2自磷酸化活性高度相似;此外,BAT1706与不同类型Fcγ受体的亲和力同Avastin®高度相似,且两者均不能诱导肿瘤细胞产生抗体依赖的细胞介导的细胞毒性作用(antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity,ADCC)及补体介导的细胞毒性作用(complement-dependent cytotoxicity,CDC)效应。本研究证明了BAT1706与Avastin®在体外生物学功能活性方面的相似性。

血管内皮生长因子  /  贝伐珠单抗  /  生物类似药  /  相似性  /  生物学活性

Biosimilars are biological medicinal products that are highly similar to an already licensed reference product in terms of quality, safety, and efficacy. BAT1706 is being developed by Bio-Thera Solutions, Ltd. as a proposed biosimilar candidate to bevacizumab reference product (Avastin®). Bevacizumab acts by specifically binding to vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), and preventing the interaction of VEGF-A with its receptors on the surface of endothelial cells, then blocking the downstream signaling pathway mediated by ligand-receptor, and inhibiting endothelial angiogenesis, thus inhibiting tumor growth. Comprehensive analytical characterization studies incorporating orthogonal analytical techniques were performed to compare the in vitro functional activities of BAT1706 and Avastin®. BAT1706 and Avastin® showed highly similar binding activity to multiple VEGF-A isoforms and equivalent VEGF-A neutralizing activity, as well as inhibitory activity of VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-2 tyrosine kinase autophosphorylation. Both products exhibited similar binding of the Fcγ receptors and a lack of Fc-related effector functions such as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). Overall, the results demonstrate that BAT1706 and Avastin® are highly similar in terms of in vitro functional activities.

vascular endothelial growth factor  /  bevacizumab  /  biosimilar  /  similarity  /  functional activity
邓春平, 陈航, 王英华, 梁神娣, 曹迪, 俞金泉, 李胜峰, 刘翠华. 贝伐珠单抗生物类似药BAT1706体外生物学活性相似性研究. 药学学报, 2021 , 56 (7) : 1927 -1935 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2021-0144
Chun-ping DENG, Hang CHEN, Ying-hua WANG, Shen-di LIANG, Di CAO, Jin-quan YU, Sheng-feng LI, Cui-hua LIU. In vitro functional similarity assessment of a proposed biosimilar BAT1706 to bevacizumab[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2021 , 56 (7) : 1927 -1935 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2021-0144
生物类似药是在质量、安全性和有效性方面与已获准注册的参照药具有相似性的治疗用生物制品[1]。单抗类生物类似药由于靶点明确、疗效确切、毒副作用小、市场巨大, 已成为生物制药研发的热点[2]。重组单抗药物是由活细胞通过复杂生产过程制造而成, 生产工艺上的微小差异很可能导致生物类似药质量的异质性, 进而造成与参照药在药代动力学、有效性与安全性方面的差异[3, 4]。因此, 应通过全面的质量分析对比研究来检测生物类似物和参照药之间存在的任何潜在质量差异, 并评估这些差异对临床安全性、有效性及免疫原性的影响, 以证明生物类似物与参照药之间的相似性[5]。生物类似药的开发应按照逐步递进的原则, 首先评估生物类似药与参照药之间的药学质量相似性, 主要包括结构/理化特性、生物学功能活性、纯度与杂质及稳定性等一系列质量属性[5-7]。其中生物学功能活性是单抗药物质量评价的关键质量属性之一, 是反映其作用机制和药效学的重要指标, 也可以作为理化属性分析的补充, 反映产品高级结构的正确性[6, 8]。单抗药物的生物学功能活性主要包括与靶点或Fc受体的结合活性, 以及反映临床相关作用机制的功能活性。
贝伐珠单抗原研药商品名为Avastin® (中文商品名: 安维汀), 是由美国Genentech公司研发的一款重组人源化抗血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF) 单克隆抗体药物, 可与VEGF-A特异性结合, 阻断其与内皮细胞表面VEGF受体的结合, 阻断配体-受体介导的下游信号通路, 抑制内皮血管新生, 从而抑制肿瘤生长[9-11]。Avastin®于2004年获美国食品药品监督管理局(Food and Drug Administration, FDA) 批准上市, 用于晚期结直肠癌、非小细胞肺癌、复发难治恶性胶质瘤、转移性肾癌、宫颈癌和卵巢癌等肿瘤的治疗, 中国也于2010年批准其上市[11, 12]。随着原研药贝伐珠单抗专利到期, 临床需求的不断提高, 全球范围掀起一股贝伐珠单抗生物类似药研发的热潮, 目前国内外已有多款贝伐珠单抗生物类似药批准上市[12]。BAT1706是由百奥泰生物制药股份有限公司研发的一款贝伐珠单抗生物类似药, 也是国内第一款在全球开展多中心临床研究的贝伐珠单抗类似药。本研究采用多种分析技术手段对BAT1706与原研药Avastin®的体外生物学功能活性进行了全面对比分析, 以评价两者的相似性。
仪器与材料  SpectraMax M4酶标仪(美国Molecular Devices公司); 生物分子相互作用仪BiacoreTM T200和Protein A传感器芯片(GE Healthcare公司); Octet QKe分子相互作用仪、亲和素传感器芯片及Protein L传感器芯片(美国ForteBio公司); 超敏多因子电化学发光分析仪QuickPlex SQ120及VEGFR-2磷酸化检测试剂盒(包括抗磷酸化VEGFR-2抗体预包被的石墨微孔板、SULFO-TAG标记的抗VEGFR-2抗体、裂解缓冲液、封闭液、显示缓冲液等) (美国Meso Scale Discovery公司); 3111型CO2细胞培养箱(美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司); 人脐静脉内皮细胞(human umbilical vein endothelial cell, HUVEC) (美国ScienCell公司); NFAT-RE-Luc2P/KDR HEK293细胞(中国食品药品检定研究院); NFAT-FcRγRIIIa (158V) Jurkat细胞系(本单位构建与保存); SKOV-3细胞和Raji细胞(中国科学院上海生命科学研究院细胞资源中心); VEGF-A121和VEGF-A165 (北京义翘神州生物技术有限公司); VEGF-A111和VEGF-A189 (美国R & D Systems公司); VEGF-A145和VEGF-A206 (美国MyBioSource公司); C1q (美国Quidel公司); FcγRIa、FcγRIIIa (158V/158F)、生物素标记的FcRn、FcγRIIa (131H/131R)、FcγRIIb及FcγRIIIb蛋白(北京百普赛斯生物科技股份有限公司); CCK-8 (cell counting kit-8) 显色液(日本DOJINDO公司); Bio-GloTM及ONE-GloTM Luciferase Assay System (美国Promega公司); 胎牛血清(上海ExCell Biology公司); HRP标记的山羊抗人IgG (Fc) 抗体(美国Jackson Immuno Research公司); 奥法木单抗(瑞士Novartis公司); 阿达木单抗(美国Abbvie公司); 曲妥珠单抗(瑞士Roche公司); 人血清补体(美国Quidel公司); 酶标板及96孔细胞培养板(美国Corning公司); TMB显色液(美国Sigma-Aldrich公司); 其他化学试剂均为分析级。
检测分析用样品  贝伐珠单抗原研药Avastin® (来源于中国市场) 11批, 均购自罗氏(上海) 医药贸易有限公司; 贝伐珠单抗类似药(BAT1706) 10批(均由商业化规模工艺生产)、贝伐珠单抗内部活性标准品均由本公司生产制备。
ELISA法测定VEGF-A结合活性  采用酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA) 测定BAT1706及Avastin®与VEGF-A抗原的结合活性。VEGF-A121、VEGF-A145、VEGF-A165、VEGF-A189及VEGF-A206经稀释后加入96孔酶标板, 4 ℃包被过夜; 经脱脂牛奶封闭, 于37 ℃孵育1 h; 将贝伐珠单抗活性标准品和样品稀释至适当浓度, 而后以1:3倍比例梯度稀释, 共得到12个浓度梯度; 混匀后加入96孔板, 37 ℃温育2 h; 洗涤后用加入辣根过氧化物酶标记的山羊抗人IgG (Fc) 抗体, 于37 ℃孵育1 h, 洗涤后加入显色液, 37 ℃避光显色后, 加入硫酸终止。用酶标仪于450 nm处读取吸光度值(A450)。采用SoftMax Pro 6.5软件, 以活性标准品或样品浓度为横坐标, 对应吸光度值为纵坐标, 进行四参数拟合, 绘制抗体浓度-反应曲线, 其中拟合的四参数方程的C值即为半数有效浓度(half maximal effective concentration, EC50), 样品相对结合活性=活性标准品EC50/样品EC50×100%。
SPR法测定VEGF-A结合动力学  采用基于表面等离子共振技术(surface plasmon resonance, SPR) 的分析方法对BAT1706及Avastin®与VEGF-A111、VEGF-A121、VEGF-A165抗原的结合动力学进行了测定。贝伐珠单抗稀释至2.5 μg·mL-1, 以10 μL·min-1的流速通过Protein A传感器芯片捕获30 s; VEGF-A111和VEGF-A121释至100 nmol·L-1, VEGF-A165稀释至10 nmol·L-1, 然后继续以1∶2倍比例梯度稀释, 共得到8个浓度梯度, 结合动力学测定采用Biacore™ T200生物分子相互作用仪以25 ℃多循环动力学方式, 30 μL·min-1流速作用180 s, 解离1 800 s, 10 mmol·L-1甘氨酸(pH 1.5) 再生60 s。采用BiacoreTM T200 Evaluation Software 3.0软件分析处理数据, 按照1∶1动力学模型拟合计算结合常数(ka), 解离常数(kd)及亲和常数(KD)。
HUVEC细胞增殖抑制法测定VEGF-A中和活性  采用HUVEC增殖抑制法测定BAT1706及Avastin®对VEGF-A的中和活性。HUVEC细胞以每孔6×103个接种于96孔板, 置CO2培养箱培养5~6 h。将贝伐珠单抗活性标准品及样品预稀释至20 000、5 000、2 500、1 250、830、556、370、185、92.6和23.1 ng·mL-1, 同时将VEGF-A165稀释至80 ng·mL-1, 取活性标准品及样品系列稀释液与VEGF-A165溶液等体积混合, 置CO2培养箱培养1 h; 吸取上述混合液加至HUVEC细胞, 置CO2培养箱培养66~72 h; 而后加入CCK-8显色液, 置CO2培养箱孵育4 h, 细胞培养板室温平衡后, 于450 nm处读取吸光度值(A450)。采用SoftMax Pro 6.5软件, 以活性标准品或样品浓度为横坐标, 对应吸光度值为纵坐标, 进行四参数拟合, 绘制抗体浓度-反应曲线, 其中拟合的四参数方程的C值即为EC50, 样品相对生物学活性=活性标准品EC50/样品EC50×100%。
报告基因法测定VEGF-A中和活性  采用中国食品药品检定研究院(中检院) 开发的荧光素酶报告基因法(reporter gene assay, RGA) 测定BAT1706及Avastin®对VEGF-A的中和活性。稳定表达VEGFR-2 (KDR) 和NFAT报告基因的NFAT-RE-luc2P/KDR HEK293细胞以每孔5×104个接种于96孔不透明细胞培养板, 置CO2培养箱培养。用稀释液(含10%胎牛血清、40 ng·mL-1 VEGF-A165的DMEM培养基)将贝伐珠单抗活性标准品及样品稀释至3 000、1 500、750、375、187.5、93.75、46.88、23.44和11.72 ng·mL-1, 加至HEK293细胞, 置CO2培养箱培养5~7 h; 细胞板室温平衡后, 加入Bio-Glo™ Luciferase底物溶液; 酶标仪以化学发光模式读取各孔发光值(relative light unit, RLU)。采用SoftMax Pro 6.5软件, 以活性标准品/样品浓度为横坐标, 对应发光值为纵坐标, 进行四参数拟合, 绘制抗体浓度-反应曲线, 其中拟合的四参数方程的C值即为EC50, 样品相对生物学活性=活性标准品EC50/样品EC50×100%。
抑制VEGFR-2受体酪氨酸激酶自磷酸化活性  采用基于石墨微孔板的超敏电化学发光免疫分析技术测定BAT1706及Avastin®抑制VEGF-A介导的VEGFR-2自磷酸化活性。HUVEC细胞以每孔2×104个接种于96孔板, 置CO2培养箱培养12~18 h。将贝伐珠单抗稀释至10 μg·mL-1, 然后继续以1∶3倍比例梯度稀释, 共得到8个浓度梯度; 同时将VEGF-A165稀释至100 ng·mL-1, 取贝伐珠单抗系列稀释液与VEGF-A165溶液等体积混合, 置CO2培养箱培养45 min; 吸取上述混合液加至HUVEC细胞(预先弃去培养液), 置CO2培养箱刺激5 min; 弃去培养液迅速加入裂解缓冲液, 于冰上裂解30 min后转入EP管, 在4 ℃条件下以12 000 r·min-1离心10 min。取预先包被了抗磷酸化VEGFR-2抗体的石墨微孔板, 洗涤后加入封闭液, 室温条件下以500 r·min-1孵育1 h, 然后洗涤3次; 加入裂解液上清, 室温条件下以500 r·min-1孵育1 h, 然后洗涤3次; 加入SULFO-TAG标记的抗VEGFR-2抗体, 室温条件下以500 r·min-1孵育1 h; 洗涤3次, 加入显色缓冲液, 超敏多因子电化学发光分析仪读取各孔电化学发光信号(electrochemiluminescence signal)。采用SoftMax Pro 6.5软件, 以贝伐珠单抗浓度为横坐标, 对应光信号值为纵坐标, 进行四参数拟合, 绘制抗体浓度-反应曲线, 其中拟合的四参数方程的C值即为EC50值。
SPR法测定FcγRIa、FcγRIIIa亲和力  采用SPR法对BAT1706及Avastin®与FcγRIa、FcγRIIIa的亲和力进行测定。贝伐珠单抗稀释至2.5 μg·mL-1, 以10 μL·min-1的流速通过Protein A传感器芯片捕获20 s; FcγRIa蛋白稀释至20 nmol·L-1, FcγRIIIa (158V/158F) 稀释至1 000 nmol·L-1, 然后继续以1∶2倍比例梯度稀释, 共得到8个浓度梯度; 亲和力测定采用Biacore™ T200生物分子相互作用仪以25 ℃多循环动力学方式, FcγRIa亲和力检测条件为: 30 μL·min-1流速作用180 s, 解离1 200 s; FcγRIIIa (158V) 亲和力检测条件为: 30 μL·min-1流速作用60 s, 解离60 s; FcγRIIIa (158F) 亲和力检测条件为: 30 μL·min-1流速作用90 s, 解离90 s; 10 mmol·L-1甘氨酸(pH 1.5) 再生60 s。采用Biacore™ T200 Evaluation Software 3.0软件分析处理数据, 按照1∶1动力学模型(FcγRIa) 或稳态动力学模型(FcγRIIIa) 拟合计算亲和常数(KD)。
BLI法测定FcRn、FcγRIIa、FcγRIIb、FcγRIIIb亲和力  采用基于生物膜层光学干涉技术(bio-layer interferometry, BLI) 的分析方法测定BAT1706及Avastin®与FcRn、FcγRIIa、FcγRIIb、FcγRIIIb的亲和力。生物素标记的FcRn、FcγRIIa (131H/131R)、FcγRIIb及FcγRIIIb稀释至1 μg·mL-1; 亲和素传感器芯片在FcRn及FcγRIIIb稀释液中捕获180 s, 在FcγRIIa (131H/131R) 及FcγRIIb稀释液中捕获120 s; 贝伐珠单抗稀释至200 nmol·L-1 (FcRn)或5 000 nmol·L-1 (FcγRIIa、FcγRIIb、FcγRIIIb), 然后继续以1∶2倍比例梯度稀释, 共得到8个浓度梯度; 亲和力测定采用Octet QKe分子相互作用仪以25 ℃多循环动力学方式, FcRn、FcγRIIa (131H/131R) 及FcγRIIb亲和力检测条件为: 结合60 s, 解离60 s; FcγRIIIb亲和力检测条件为: 结合90 s, 解离90 s; 用0.1 mol·L-1 Tris缓冲液(pH 8.3) (FcRn) 或1 mol·L-1氯化镁溶液(pH 8.3) (FcγRIIa、FcγRIIb和FcγRIIIb) 再生30 s。采用Octet QKe Data Analysis 9.0软件分析处理数据, 按照稳态动力学模型拟合计算亲和常数(KD)。
BLI法测定C1q亲和力  采用BLI法测定BAT1706及Avastin®与补体C1q的亲和力。贝伐珠单抗稀释至50 μg·mL-1, Protein L传感器芯片在贝伐珠单抗稀释液中捕获60 s; C1q稀释至100 nmol·L-1, 然后继续以1∶2倍比例梯度稀释, 共得到8个浓度梯度; 亲和力测定采用Octet QKe分子相互作用仪以25 ℃多循环动力学方式, 结合60 s, 解离60 s; 10 mmol·L-1甘氨酸(pH 1.5) 再生30 s。采用Octet QKe Data Analysis 9.0软件分析处理数据, 按照1∶1动力学模型拟合计算亲和常数(KD)。
抗体依赖的细胞介导的细胞毒性作用(antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, ADCC)  采用可同时表达分泌型和细胞膜结合型VEGF-A的人卵巢腺癌细胞(SKOV-3细胞) 为靶细胞, 以人工构建的可高表达FcγRIIIa (158V)及NFAT-luc荧光素酶报告基因的Jurkat细胞[NFAT-FcRγRIIIa (158V) Jurkat] 作为效应细胞的报告基因法对BAT1706与Avastin®进行ADCC活性分析。由于SKOV-3细胞可高表达HER2抗原, 故采用抗HER2单抗(曲妥珠单抗) 为阳性对照, 阿达木单抗为阴性对照。SKOV-3细胞以每孔2.5×104个接种于96孔板; 将曲妥珠单抗、贝伐珠单抗及阿达木单抗稀释至1 μg·mL-1, 然后继续以1∶5倍比例梯度稀释, 共得到10个浓度梯度; 将贝伐珠单抗、阳性对照及阴性对照加入靶细胞; NFAT-FcRγRIIIa (158V) Jurkat效应细胞以每孔6×104个接种于96孔板, CO2培养箱孵育4~5 h, 而后于室温平衡5 min, 加入ONE-Glo™ Luciferase底物溶液后采用酶标仪以化学发光模式读取各孔发光值(RLU)。采用SoftMax Pro 6.5软件, 以抗体浓度为横坐标, 对应发光值为纵坐标, 进行四参数拟合, 绘制抗体浓度-反应曲线。
补体介导的细胞毒性作用(complement-dependent cytotoxicity, CDC)  采用SKOV-3细胞为靶细胞, 以正常人血清补体对BAT1706与Avastin®进行CDC活性分析。采用可表达CD20的淋巴瘤细胞Raji细胞及抗CD20单抗(奥法木单抗) 为阳性对照, 阿达木单抗为阴性对照; SKOV-3及Raji细胞以每孔2×104个接种于96孔板; 将奥法木单抗、贝伐珠单抗及阿达木单抗稀释至50 μg·mL-1, 然后继续以1∶4倍比例梯度稀释, 共得到9个浓度梯度, 以0 μg·mL-1作为空白孔; 将贝伐珠单抗及阿达木单抗加入靶细胞中, 奥法木单抗加入Raji细胞中, 5%的正常人血清补体加入96孔板, CO2培养箱孵育4~5 h, 而后加入CCK-8显色液, 置CO2培养箱孵育2~4 h, 于450 nm处读取吸光度值(A450); 按照公式“细胞毒性= (1-实验孔A450/空白孔A450)×100%”计算每个浓度的细胞毒性, 采用SoftMax Pro 6.5软件, 以抗体浓度为横坐标, 对应细胞毒性为纵坐标, 进行四参数拟合, 绘制抗体浓度-反应曲线。
统计学分析与相似性评价  参考FDA[6, 13]、EMA (European Medicines Agency)[14]发布的有关生物类似药与参照药质量分析相似性评价的指导原则及同类产品的相关文献[15, 16], 根据产品质量属性与临床效果的相关性进行Tier风险分级, 结合分析方法的具体特点及数据类型确定相似性评价方法。Tier 1为与作用机制相关的临床效果风险最高或与作用机制直接相关的质量属性, 如VEGF-A165结合活性及VEGF-A中和活性; 采用等效性检验法进行相似性评价, 评价标准为: 类似药与参照药均值差值的90%置信区间(confidence interval, CI) 落在等效性界值(equivalence acceptance criterion, EAC) 范围内即为等效, 等效性界值为± 1.5倍参照药标准差[± 1.5 standard deviation (SD)]; Tier 2为对于临床效果风险中等或相对较低的质量属性, 如FcγRIIIa (158V/158F)、FcRn、C1q亲和力; 采用质量参数法进行评价, 评价标准为: 90%以上类似药批次落在参照药均值± 3 SD范围内即为相似; Tier 3为对于临床效果风险相对最低或不可量化的质量属性, 如各种表征研究的功能活性质量属性, VEGF-A121(或145、189、209)结合活性、VEGF-A结合动力学、VEGFR-2受体酪氨酸激酶自磷酸化抑制活性、Fc受体亲和力(包括FcγRIa、FcγRIIa、FcγRIIb、FcγRIIIb)、ADCC及CDC, 采用图谱对比法或定性描述法进行评价。统计分析软件为Minitab 17。
贝伐珠单抗可与VEGF-A特异性结合, 从而阻断配体-受体介导的下游信号通路而发挥药效。因此, 与VEGF-A结合是贝伐珠单抗发挥药效的首要作用机制[10]。由于mRNA不同的剪切方式, VEGF-A有不同长度多种形式, 主要包括VEGF-A111、VEGF-A121、VEGF-A145、VEGF-A165、VEGF-A183、VEGF-A189和VEGF-A206, 其中VEGF-A165和VEGF-A121是最主要的2种[17, 18]。采用ELISA和SPR两种分析方法对BAT1706及Avastin®与多种主要VEGF-A亚型蛋白的结合活性进行了系统的对比研究。首先采用ELISA法测定了BAT1706及Avastin®与VEGF-A165的相对结合活性。结果显示, BAT1706多批次结果的均值为96%, Avastin®为100%, 两者均值差值的90% CI为(-8.32, 1.44) %, 完全落在等效性界值(± 12.63) %范围内, 证明两者与VEGF-A165的结合活性等效(图 1)。采用ELISA法对其他4个主要VEGF-A进行了表征测定。结果表明, BAT1706与VEGF-A121、VEGF-A145、VEGF-A189、VEGF-A206的结合活性高度相似(表 1)。
为进一步表征BAT1706及Avastin®与VEGF-A的结合特性, 采用SPR法对BAT1706、Avastin®与VEGF-A111、VEGF-A121、VEGF-A165的结合动力学进行了测定。结果显示, BAT1706与VEGF-A111、VEGF-A121、VEGF-A165的结合、解离速率常数及亲和力同Avastin®高度相似(表 2)。上述结果表明, BAT1706与多种形式的VEGF-A的结合活性同Avastin®高度相似。
贝伐珠单抗治疗肿瘤的作用机制是与VEGF-A特异性结合, 阻断其与内皮细胞表面VEGF受体的结合, 从而抑制内皮血管新生, 发挥抗肿瘤作用。HUVEC细胞增殖抑制法作为贝伐珠单抗生物学活性检测的经典方法, 能最大程度模拟其在体内抑制新生血管生成的过程[19, 20]。测定结果显示, BAT1706多批次结果的均值为97%, Avastin®为94%, 两者均值差值的90% CI为(-3.08, 8.28) %, 完全落在等效性界值(± 12.74) %范围内, 证明两者中和VEGF-A的生物学活性等效(图 2)。
由中国食品药品检定研究院开发的荧光素酶报告基因法(RGA) 模拟人体生理状态下VEGF的信号传导机制, 是一种新型转基因细胞生物学活性测定方法, 具有检测周期短、方法变异小、信噪比高等优点, 已应用于一些VEGF靶点生物药物的生物学活性检测[20, 21]。测定结果显示, BAT1706多批次结果的均值为95%, Avastin®为88%, 两者均值差值的90% CI为(-0.37, 11.70) %, 完全落在等效性界值(± 11.84) %范围内, 证明两者中和VEGF-A的生物学活性等效(图 3)。
VEGF-A与内皮细胞膜上VEGFR-2结合后, VEGFR-2二聚化导致蛋白构象发生变化, 使VEGFR-2受体酪氨酸激酶(receptor tyrosine kinase, RTK) 上的酪氨酸残基发生自磷酸化从而激活下游信号通路, 诱导内皮细胞增生和血管增生[22, 23]。贝伐珠单抗可抑制VEGF-A介导的VEGFR-2自磷酸化[24]。测定结果显示, BAT1706与Avastin®均显示出浓度依赖性抑制VEGF-A介导的VEGFR-2自磷酸化活性(图 4), 且EC50值非常接近, 分别为206 ± 27和205 ± 15 ng·mL-1 (n= 3, mean ± SD), 故BAT1706与Avastin®抑制VEGF-A介导的VEGFR-2自磷酸化活性高度相似。
抗体不但可通过其Fab段结合靶标抗原发挥生物学功能, 而且可通过其Fc段结合免疫细胞上的Fc受体发挥诸如细胞吞噬、内吞、ADCC、CDC等效应[4]。此外, 治疗性单抗的糖基化程度、聚集状态等属性均能影响其与Fc受体的结合活性, 并可能进一步影响单抗的治疗作用[25, 26], 因此对生物类似药与原研药的Fc受体亲和力进行对比分析具有重要意义。
FcγRIIIa是一种在自然杀伤细胞上表达的受体, 由于基因多态性具有FcγRIIIa (158V) 和FcγRIIIa (158F) 两种形态, 是介导单抗发挥ADCC的主要受体[26, 27]。此外, FcγRIIIa对单抗Fc段的糖基化修饰比较敏感[28]。因此, FcγRIIIa的亲和力测定可以评估单抗Fc段的初级及高级结构。采用SPR方法对BAT1706、Avastin®与FcγRIIIa (158V) 及FcγRIIIa (158F) 的亲和力进行了测定。结果显示, BAT1706与FcγRIIIa (158V) 及FcγRIIIa (158F) 的亲和力结果均落在Avastin®质量参数范围内(均值± 3 SD) (图 5AB), 表明BAT1706与FcγRIIIa (158V) 及FcγRIIIa (158F) 的亲和力同Avastin®高度相似。
新生儿受体FcRn在酸性条件下(pH 6.0) 可结合IgG的Fc段, 并在中性条件下(pH 7.4) 释放IgG, FcRn通过与IgG相互作用, 延长IgG在体内的半衰期, 维持其动态平衡[29], 因此, FcRn的亲和力测定可以预测单抗的体内代谢(pharmacokinetics, PK) 情况[4]。采用BLI方法对BAT1706、Avastin®与FcRn的亲和力进行了测定; 结果显示, BAT1706与FcRn的亲和力结果中90%批次(9/10) 落在Avastin®的质量参数范围内(图 5C), 表明BAT1706与FcRn的亲和力同Avastin®高度相似。
BAT1706、Avastin®与其他Fcγ受体(如FcγRIa、FcγRIIa、FcγRIIb和FcγRIIIb) 的亲和力分析可表征单抗分子的高级结构。测定结果显示, BAT1706、Avastin®与上述几种Fcγ受体的亲和力高度相似(表 3)。
生物效应子功能(如ADCC和CDC) 是抗肿瘤类单抗药物发挥生物治疗作用的重要机制[30]。贝伐珠单抗是一种经典的重组人源化IgG1型抗体, 能通过其Fc段与免疫细胞的Fcγ受体或血清中补体蛋白结合, 从而通过招募免疫细胞或激活补体介导靶细胞裂解。
采用敏感的荧光素酶报告基因法在可表达VEGF-A的SKOV-3肿瘤细胞上对BAT1706与Avastin®的生物效应子功能进行了表征分析。结果显示, BAT1706与Avastin®均不能诱导产生ADCC效应(图 6A)。
C1q是经典补体激活途径的第一个蛋白分子, 抗体与C1q的亲和力测定是评价CDC效应的第一步[4]。测定结果显示, BAT1706与C1q的亲和力结果中50%批次(5/10) 落在Avastin®的质量参数范围内(图 6B), 但两者的均值非常接近(分别为5.76和6.84 nmol·L-1), 表明差异非常微小。研究发现BAT1706与Avastin®均不能诱导产生CDC效应(图 6C), 因此C1q亲和力的微小差异不会导致两者临床疗效上的差异。
药学质量相似性研究是生物类似药开发的基础, 是建立基于整体证据评价生物类似药与原研药相似性的关键[31]。质量相似性研究通常包括结构与理化性质、纯度与杂质、生物学功能活性及稳定性等, 其中生物学功能相关的质量属性的对比研究可直接反映临床治疗的有效性, 也是生物类似药适应症外推的重要考量, 因此对生物类似药与原研药进行全面的体外生物学功能活性对比研究尤为重要。
基于贝伐珠单抗作用机制研究已有的科学知识、各国监管机构对单抗类生物类似药研发与评价的相关指导原则及同类产品的相关文献, 从Fab段介导的抗原结合活性和生物功能活性、Fc段与Fc受体的亲和力及生物效应子功能3个方面对BAT1706与原研药Avastin®进行了全面的对比研究, 以评价两者的体外生物学功能活性的相似性。贝伐珠单抗治疗肿瘤的作用机制是与VEGF-A特异性结合, 阻断VEGF/VEGFR-2介导的下游信号通路, 抑制内皮血管新生, 从而抑制肿瘤生长。采用ELISA法和SPR法对BAT1706、Avastin®与6种主要VEGF-A抗原的结合活性进行了对比研究。结果显示, BAT1706与不同形式VEGF-A的结合活性同Avastin®高度相似。采用经典的HUVEC细胞增殖抑制法和新型的荧光报告基因法对BAT1706、Avastin®中和VEGF-A活性进行分析对比, 结果显示两者中和VEGF-A的生物学活性等效。此外, 分析对比显示, BAT1706、Avastin®抑制VEGF-A介导的VEGFR-2自磷酸化活性高度相似。贝伐珠单抗Fc段与不同类型Fcγ受体的亲和力可表征其糖基化水平、聚集状态及高级结构的差异, 分析结果表明, BAT1706、Avastin®与不同类型Fcγ受体的亲和力高度相似。抗体与FcRn的亲和力可以预测其在体内的PK, 研究显示BAT1706、Avastin®与FcRn的亲和力高度相似, 因此可以预测两者的临床PK不会有显著差异, 这也得到了BAT1706国际Ⅰ期临床研究[32]及Zhang等[33]研究的证实。此外, 分析表明BAT1706与Avastin®均不能诱导肿瘤细胞产生ADCC及CDC效应, 这与文献报道一致[15, 34]; 因此BAT1706与Avastin®在C1q亲和力上的微小差异不会引起临床疗效上的差异。
全面的体外生物学功能活性研究显示, BAT1706与Avastin®高度相似; 同时理化分析对比研究显示, BAT1706与Avastin®在初级/高级结构、纯度与杂质、稳定性等方面高度相似(另行报道); 观察到的糖基化水平及电荷异质性的微小差异并不会导致体外生物学功能活性上的显著差异; 同时, BAT1706与Avastin®联合化疗治疗晚期非鳞状非小细胞肺癌的全球多中心Ⅲ期临床研究也表明, 两者临床疗效等效, PK、安全性及免疫原性相似, 进一步证明了体外生物学功能活性的相似性、糖基化水平及电荷异质性的微小差异不会导致临床效果上的差异。本研究证明了BAT1706作为一款贝伐珠单抗生物类似药与原研药体外生物学功能活性的高度相似性, 并得到临床研究的证实。
作者贡献: 邓春平负责研究设计、数据分析及文章撰写; 陈航、王英华、梁神娣负责研究实施、数据收集; 曹迪、俞金泉、李胜峰负责文章审阅; 刘翠华指导研究设计、文章审阅与修改。
利益冲突: 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
  • 国家“重大新药创制”科技重大专项资助项目(2013ZX09401001)
  • 广东省引进创新创业团队资助项目(2013Y116)
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2021年第56卷第7期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2021-0144
  • 接收时间:2021-01-28
  • 首发时间:2025-12-18
  • 出版时间:2021-07-12
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  • 收稿日期:2021-01-28
  • 修回日期:2021-03-26
基金
国家“重大新药创制”科技重大专项资助项目(2013ZX09401001)
广东省引进创新创业团队资助项目(2013Y116)
作者信息
    百奥泰生物制药股份有限公司, 广东 广州 510530

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*刘翠华, Tel: 86-20-89850125, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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