Article(id=1208491467081888736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1208491447892947355, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2021-0104, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1610899200000, receivedDateStr=2021-01-18, revisedDate=1618848000000, revisedDateStr=2021-04-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766056418438, onlineDateStr=2025-12-18, pubDate=1623427200000, pubDateStr=2021-06-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766056418438, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766056418438, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766056418438, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1208491447892947355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2021', volume='56', issue='6', pageStart='1513', pageEnd='1748', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766056413863, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766137152975, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1208830092319519523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1208491447892947355, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1208830092319519524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1208491447892947355, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1683, endPage=1688, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1208491467711033395, articleId=1208491467081888736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Formulation and sterilization assessment of kanamycin sulfate injection based on impurity profiles, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
The compatibility of kanamycin with sodium citrate for the formulation of kanamycin sulfate injection was determined, including optimization of the amount of sodium citrate in the injection and the sterilization process. An HPLC coupled with an evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) was used to measure the amount of sodium citrate and the impurity profiles. A validated post-column derivatization HPLC coupled with a fluorescence detector (FLD) was used to determine the correlation between specific impurities in a domestic factory and sodium citrate, and then the formulation was evaluated by HPLC coupled with mass detector (MS) characterization of degradation products. The results show that the amount of sodium citrate in kanamycin sulfate injection from a domestic factory is about 40 times higher than that of the Meiji formulation. Several specific impurities can be detected in solutions heated under simulated sterilization conditions (121 ℃), which were correlated with the amount of sodium citrate. Impurities were characterized by HPLC-MS/MS, and data showed that the identified impurities were interaction products of kanamycin and sodium citrate. These results indicate that greater attention should be directed at formula optimization in domestic factories, as it is crucial to the safety and efficacy of the preparations. Drug-excipient chemical compatibility should also be evaluated in the development of pharmaceutical dosages forms especially when the active pharmaceutical ingredients have a primary amine group.
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通过硫酸卡那霉素注射液中主药卡那霉素和功能性辅料枸橼酸钠的相容性研究,对制剂处方进行评价,探讨处方中枸橼酸钠添加浓度和该处方条件下灭菌工艺的合理性。采用经优化的高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测系统(HPLC-ELSD)分别测定原研药和国产制剂中枸橼酸钠的含量和杂质谱;采用新建的柱后衍生化-HPLC-荧光检测系统(FLD)分析某些特定杂质的量和枸橼酸钠含量的相关性;结合特定杂质的质谱(MS)裂解规律,探讨处方及灭菌工艺的合理性。结果显示:国产注射液中枸橼酸钠的含量是原研药的近40倍;通过系列加速对比实验(121℃),提示某些未知杂质和枸橼酸钠的含量相关;结合其质谱裂解规律,推测上述杂质主要为卡那霉素和枸橼酸钠的反应产物。因此,国内药品生产企业在处方筛选时应关注处方的合理性,并结合主药和辅料的理化特性选择适当的灭菌工艺,保证临床用药的安全性。同时,对于主药结构中含有伯氨基的药物,在处方设计中应关注辅料的相容性问题。
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Impurity detection method and preparation method of metaraminol bitartrate injection: CN, 201911329897.1[P].
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Structure of kanamycin , figureFileSmall=7PoTAo2F1TYLzTTFTEY75w==, figureFileBig=oLsrEIdXhzeLMW7gcjth7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491476141585147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491467081888736, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=QC/WSiZBd0d01vYKX7jIgA==, figureFileBig=NTIWPSQ1JL1+wAmfHyoizw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491476279997197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491467081888736, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption=
HPLC chromatograms in ELSD system. A: Typical chromatograms of specificity tests of kanamycin sulfate injection; B: Chromatograms of kanamycin sulfate injection from different manufacturers. a: Sample solution from manufacturer A; b: Acid degradation sample solution; c: Base degradation sample solution; d: Oxidation sample solution; e: Light sample solution; f: Heat degradation sample solution; g: Sample solution from manufacturer B; h: Sample solution from manufacturer C. 1: SO42- and SO32-; 2: Na+; 3: Deoxystreptamine-kanosaminide and 4-O-(6-amino-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-D-streptamine); 4: Kanamycin D; 5: Kanamycin; 6: Kanamycin B; 7: Citric acid; 8-10: Unknown impurities; 11: 2-Deoxystreptamine , figureFileSmall=QC/WSiZBd0d01vYKX7jIgA==, figureFileBig=NTIWPSQ1JL1+wAmfHyoizw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491476485518119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491467081888736, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=fcwQ80NB47KBK+dS1/O+Bw==, figureFileBig=AzcHuQ83aMxB4oKWVbN0vg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491476611347248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491467081888736, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption=
HPLC Chromatograms in FLD system. A: Heat degradation solutions of kanamycin sulfate; B: Chromatograms of kanamycin sulfate injection from manufacturer A and B; C: Chromatograms of kanamycin sulfate injection from manufacturer A and C. a: Sample solution from manufacturer A; b: Sample solution from manufacturer B; c: Sample solution from manufacturer C; d: Heat degradation solution of simulated sample solution; e: Heat degradation solution of kanamycin sulfate injection from manufacturer A; f: Heat degradation solution of kanamycin sulfate injection from manufacturer A added 0.1% sodium citrate; g: Heat degradation solution of kanamycin sulfate injection from manufacturer A added 0.2% sodium citrate. 1: Kanamycin D; 2: 4-O-(6-Amino-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranosyl)- 2-deoxy-D-streptamine); 3: Deoxystreptamine-kanosaminide; 4: Kanamycin B; 5: Unknown impurities; 6: 2-Deoxystreptamine , figureFileSmall=fcwQ80NB47KBK+dS1/O+Bw==, figureFileBig=AzcHuQ83aMxB4oKWVbN0vg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491476829451073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491467081888736, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=hz6mGo8vXAJMuaBbWKX91Q==, figureFileBig=2hTahwi33LkCc+Sk4TXGqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491476967863121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491467081888736, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption=
Fragmentation pattern of kanamycin , figureFileSmall=hz6mGo8vXAJMuaBbWKX91Q==, figureFileBig=2hTahwi33LkCc+Sk4TXGqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491478247125866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491467081888736, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=bMwK96qtTRkucj5xbAGqxw==, figureFileBig=4jRZOgrU5GJ6EEqJ8UCg1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491478469424001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491467081888736, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption=
Line spectra of impurity 8 (A), 9 (B) and 10 (C) in positive ESI mode , figureFileSmall=bMwK96qtTRkucj5xbAGqxw==, figureFileBig=4jRZOgrU5GJ6EEqJ8UCg1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208491478633001870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491467081888736, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Product from different sources | Strength | Excipient |
| Manufacturer A | 2 mL: 500 mg and 4 mL: 1 000 mg | Sodium bisulfite (0.5% W/V); sodium citrate |
| Other domestic manufacturers | 2 mL: 0.5 g | Sodium bisulfite (0.2%-0.3% W/V); EDTA-2Na (0.01%-0.03% W/V); cysteine hydrochloride (0.1%-0.2% W/V); sodium citrate (0.1% W/V); sodium acetate (0.1% W/V); disodium hydrogen phosphate (0.2% W/V) |
| Meiji, Japan | 4 mL: 1 000 mg | Sodium bisulfite (0.05% W/V); methylparaben (0.045% W/V); ethylparaben (0.005% W/V); sodium citrate |
), ArticleFig(id=1208491478813356960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491467081888736, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=
Excipients used in kanamycin injection from different sources
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Product from different sources | Strength | Excipient |
| Manufacturer A | 2 mL: 500 mg and 4 mL: 1 000 mg | Sodium bisulfite (0.5% W/V); sodium citrate |
| Other domestic manufacturers | 2 mL: 0.5 g | Sodium bisulfite (0.2%-0.3% W/V); EDTA-2Na (0.01%-0.03% W/V); cysteine hydrochloride (0.1%-0.2% W/V); sodium citrate (0.1% W/V); sodium acetate (0.1% W/V); disodium hydrogen phosphate (0.2% W/V) |
| Meiji, Japan | 4 mL: 1 000 mg | Sodium bisulfite (0.05% W/V); methylparaben (0.045% W/V); ethylparaben (0.005% W/V); sodium citrate |
), ArticleFig(id=1208491478976934834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491467081888736, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Name | Molecular ion peak | Observed mass | Major fragment ion | Possible structure | Mechanism |
| Kanamycin | [C18H36N4O11+H]+ | 485.25 | 366.19, 324.18, 205.12, 187.11, 180.09, 163.11 |  | / |
| Impurity 8 in figure 2f | [C18H36N4O11+ C6H8O7-2H2O+H]+ | 641.25 | 480.18, 319.11, 162.08 |  | By-product of sodium citrate with the primary amine on cycle 3 |
| Impurity 9 in figure 2f | [C18H36N4O11+ C6H8O7-2H2O+H]+ | 641.25 | 480.18, 324.18, 205.12, 163.11 |  | By-product of sodium citrate with the primary amine on cycle 1 |
| Impurity 10 in figure 2f | [C18H36N4O11+ C6H8O7-2H2O+H]+ | 641.25 | 522.19, 480.18, 319.11, 162.08 |  | By-product of sodium citrate with the primary amine on cycle 2 |
), ArticleFig(id=1208491479094375358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208491467081888736, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=
MS data and fragments of impurities formed in kanamycin injection with high concentration of sodium citrate
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Name | Molecular ion peak | Observed mass | Major fragment ion | Possible structure | Mechanism |
| Kanamycin | [C18H36N4O11+H]+ | 485.25 | 366.19, 324.18, 205.12, 187.11, 180.09, 163.11 |  | / |
| Impurity 8 in figure 2f | [C18H36N4O11+ C6H8O7-2H2O+H]+ | 641.25 | 480.18, 319.11, 162.08 |  | By-product of sodium citrate with the primary amine on cycle 3 |
| Impurity 9 in figure 2f | [C18H36N4O11+ C6H8O7-2H2O+H]+ | 641.25 | 480.18, 324.18, 205.12, 163.11 |  | By-product of sodium citrate with the primary amine on cycle 1 |
| Impurity 10 in figure 2f | [C18H36N4O11+ C6H8O7-2H2O+H]+ | 641.25 | 522.19, 480.18, 319.11, 162.08 |  | By-product of sodium citrate with the primary amine on cycle 2 |
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