Article(id=1208489297385206529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1208489268704555590, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2021-0687, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1620576000000, receivedDateStr=2021-05-10, revisedDate=1623686400000, revisedDateStr=2021-06-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766055901141, onlineDateStr=2025-12-18, pubDate=1633968000000, pubDateStr=2021-10-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766055901141, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766055901141, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766055901141, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1208489268704555590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2021', volume='56', issue='10', pageStart='2597', pageEnd='2880', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766055894304, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766137041718, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1208829625678033640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1208489268704555590, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1208829625682227945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1208489268704555590, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2825, endPage=2829, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1208489297951437642, articleId=1208489297385206529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Alkaloids from the roots and rhizomes of Sophora tonkinensis and its anti-inflammatory activities, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Twenty-five quinolizidine alkaloids (including matrine-type 1-14, sparteine-type 15-17, cytisine-type 18-23, other types 24 and 25) were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Sophora tonkinensis by various chromatographic methods. Their structures were elucidated by physicochemical properties, NMR and MS spectral data. Among them, 12-(1-acetoxyethyl)-cytisine (23) is a new alkaloid derivative, and compounds 13, 16, 17, 24 were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of S. tonkinensis for the first time. Compounds 1, 6, 19 and 20 showed potent inhibitory activity against LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages, with IC50 values of 39.86 ±0.65, 23.66 ±0.37, 34.56 ±0.45, 47.68 ±0.58 μmol·L-1, respectively.

, correspAuthors=Rong-tao LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2021 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yuan-ya ZHANG, Zhi-jun ZHANG, Rui-rong YE, Rong-tao LI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1208489300388328386, articleId=1208489297385206529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=越南槐根茎中的生物碱成分及其抗炎活性, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

采用多种色谱技术从越南槐根茎中分离得到了25个喹诺里西啶类生物碱(包括苦参碱型1~14、鹰爪豆碱型15~17、金雀花碱型18~23、其他型2425),并依据理化性质及NMR、MS波谱数据鉴定了化合物的结构。其中12-(1-乙酰氧基乙基)-金雀花碱(23)为新的金雀花碱型衍生物,化合物13161724为首次从越南槐根茎中分离得到。化合物161920可明显抑制脂多糖(LPS)诱导小鼠巨噬细胞RAW 264.7释放NO,IC50值分别为39.86 ±0.65、23.66 ±0.37、34.56 ±0.45、47.68 ±0.58 μmol·L-1

, correspAuthors=李蓉涛, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*李蓉涛, Tel: 86-871-65920569, E-mail:
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No. δH mult. (J in Hz) δC No. δH mult. (J in Hz) δC
2 163.8 10b 3.88, dd (15.3, 6.8)
3 6.43, dd (9.0, 1.2) 116.8 11a 2.87, m 59.2
4 7.26, dd (9.0, 6.8) 139.8 11b 2.87, m
5 5.97, dd (6.8, 1.2) 104.8 13a 2.83, m 58.8
6 151.4 13b 2.83, m
7 2.93, m 35.5 14a 3.16, d (16.8) 58.7
8a 1.86, m 25.4 14b 3.12, d (16.8)
8b 1.78, m 15 170.4
9 2.42, m 28.1 16 4.07, q (7.2) 60.4
10a 4.04, d (15.3) 50.0 17 1.19, t (7.2) 14.3
), ArticleFig(id=1208489306105164207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208489297385206529, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

1H and 13C NMR data of compound 23 (CDCl3, 600 MHz for 1H NMR, and 150 MHz for 13C NMR)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. δH mult. (J in Hz) δC No. δH mult. (J in Hz) δC
2 163.8 10b 3.88, dd (15.3, 6.8)
3 6.43, dd (9.0, 1.2) 116.8 11a 2.87, m 59.2
4 7.26, dd (9.0, 6.8) 139.8 11b 2.87, m
5 5.97, dd (6.8, 1.2) 104.8 13a 2.83, m 58.8
6 151.4 13b 2.83, m
7 2.93, m 35.5 14a 3.16, d (16.8) 58.7
8a 1.86, m 25.4 14b 3.12, d (16.8)
8b 1.78, m 15 170.4
9 2.42, m 28.1 16 4.07, q (7.2) 60.4
10a 4.04, d (15.3) 50.0 17 1.19, t (7.2) 14.3
), ArticleFig(id=1208489306260353477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208489297385206529, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Compd. IC50b/μmol·L-1 CC50c/μmol·L-1 Compd. IC50b/μmol·L-1 CC50c/μmol·L-1
1 39.86 ± 0.65 > 50 19 34.56 ± 0.45 > 50
6 23.66 ± 0.37 > 50 20 47.68 ± 0.58 > 50
L-NMMAa 23.50 ± 0.32 > 50
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Inhibitory effects of compounds 1, 6, 19, and 20 on LPS-induced NO production in macrophages. aL-NMMA was used as positive control; bIC50: 50% inhibitory concentration; cCC50: 50% cytotoxic concentration

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Compd. IC50b/μmol·L-1 CC50c/μmol·L-1 Compd. IC50b/μmol·L-1 CC50c/μmol·L-1
1 39.86 ± 0.65 > 50 19 34.56 ± 0.45 > 50
6 23.66 ± 0.37 > 50 20 47.68 ± 0.58 > 50
L-NMMAa 23.50 ± 0.32 > 50
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越南槐根茎中的生物碱成分及其抗炎活性
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张袁亚 , 张治军 , 叶瑞绒 , 李蓉涛 *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2021,56(10): 2825-2829
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2021, 56(10): 2825-2829
越南槐根茎中的生物碱成分及其抗炎活性
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张袁亚, 张治军, 叶瑞绒, 李蓉涛*
作者信息
  • 昆明理工大学生命科学与技术学院, 云南 昆明 650500

通讯作者:

*李蓉涛, Tel: 86-871-65920569, E-mail:
Alkaloids from the roots and rhizomes of Sophora tonkinensis and its anti-inflammatory activities
Yuan-ya ZHANG, Zhi-jun ZHANG, Rui-rong YE, Rong-tao LI*
Affiliations
  • Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
出版时间: 2021-10-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2021-0687
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采用多种色谱技术从越南槐根茎中分离得到了25个喹诺里西啶类生物碱(包括苦参碱型1~14、鹰爪豆碱型15~17、金雀花碱型18~23、其他型2425),并依据理化性质及NMR、MS波谱数据鉴定了化合物的结构。其中12-(1-乙酰氧基乙基)-金雀花碱(23)为新的金雀花碱型衍生物,化合物13161724为首次从越南槐根茎中分离得到。化合物161920可明显抑制脂多糖(LPS)诱导小鼠巨噬细胞RAW 264.7释放NO,IC50值分别为39.86 ±0.65、23.66 ±0.37、34.56 ±0.45、47.68 ±0.58 μmol·L-1

越南槐  /  喹诺里西啶类生物碱  /  12-(1-乙酰氧基乙基)-金雀花碱  /  抗炎活性

Twenty-five quinolizidine alkaloids (including matrine-type 1-14, sparteine-type 15-17, cytisine-type 18-23, other types 24 and 25) were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Sophora tonkinensis by various chromatographic methods. Their structures were elucidated by physicochemical properties, NMR and MS spectral data. Among them, 12-(1-acetoxyethyl)-cytisine (23) is a new alkaloid derivative, and compounds 13, 16, 17, 24 were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of S. tonkinensis for the first time. Compounds 1, 6, 19 and 20 showed potent inhibitory activity against LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages, with IC50 values of 39.86 ±0.65, 23.66 ±0.37, 34.56 ±0.45, 47.68 ±0.58 μmol·L-1, respectively.

Sophora tonkinensis  /  quinolizidine alkaloids  /  12-(1-acetoxyethyl)-cytisine  /  anti-inflammatory
张袁亚, 张治军, 叶瑞绒, 李蓉涛. 越南槐根茎中的生物碱成分及其抗炎活性. 药学学报, 2021 , 56 (10) : 2825 -2829 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2021-0687
Yuan-ya ZHANG, Zhi-jun ZHANG, Rui-rong YE, Rong-tao LI. Alkaloids from the roots and rhizomes of Sophora tonkinensis and its anti-inflammatory activities[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2021 , 56 (10) : 2825 -2829 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2021-0687
越南槐(Sophora tonkinensis) 为豆科(Leguminosae) 槐属(Sophora) 植物, 其干燥根茎为传统中药山豆根[1]。该药用植物主要分布于我国广西、云南和贵州交界地带, 在越南北部也有少量分布, 生于亚热带或温带的石山或石灰岩山地的灌木林中[2]。山豆根性苦寒, 有毒, 归肺、胃经, 具有清热解毒、消肿利咽的功效, 主要用于治疗火毒蕴结、齿龈肿痛、口舌生疮等[3]。现代研究表明, 喹诺里西啶类生物碱为山豆根的主要活性成分[4], 其抗炎、抗病毒和抗肿瘤等多种药理作用的研究一直深受关注[5]。虽然目前已有许多含山豆根的制剂, 如肝炎灵注射剂、复方山豆根口服液、桂林西瓜霜和阮氏上清丸等。但是山豆根的药用研究依然存在着药效物质基础不够明确, 药理研究不够深入等问题。另外, 近年来由于山豆根市场需求量不断加大和无节制采挖, 其野生资源逐渐枯竭, 急需开展山豆根可持续利用与资源保护研究。
本实验从山豆根中分离得到25个喹诺里西啶类生物碱(图 1), 通过应用各种光谱和波谱技术, 分别鉴定为苦参碱(1)[6-9]、氧化苦参碱(2)[8-10]、allomatrine (3)[11]、14β-羟基苦参碱(4)[7]、9α-羟基苦参碱(5)[10, 12]、槐醇(6)[12, 13]、5α, 9α-二羟基苦参碱(7)[14]、槐果碱(8)[7, 8]、氧化槐果碱(9)[7, 8, 13]、5α-羟基槐果碱(10)[4, 15]、9α-羟基槐果碱(11)[16]、lehmannine (12)[17, 18]、lehmannine N-oxide (13)[19]、槐胺(14)[8, 9]、鹰爪豆碱(15)[20]、baptifoline (16)[21]O-acetylbaptifoline (17)[22]、金雀花碱(18)[4, 23, 24]N-甲基金雀花碱(19)[23-25]N-乙基金雀花碱(20)[23, 26]N-甲酰基金雀花碱(21)[24.26]N-己酰基金雀花碱(22)[27]、12-(1-乙酰氧基乙基)-金雀花碱(23)、lusitanine (24)[28]和tonkinensine B (25)[29]。其中化合物23为新的金雀花碱型衍生物, 化合物13161724首次从越南槐根茎中分离得到。基于山豆根在抗炎方面的传统药用, 对分离鉴定的化合物进行了抑制LPS诱导小鼠巨噬细胞RAW 264.7释放NO能力评价, 发现化合物161920有明显的抗炎活性。
化合物23无色油状物。通过高分辨质谱HR-ESI-MS的分子离子峰m/z 299.136 7 [M+Na]+ (计算值299.136 6), 推导出其分子式为C15H20N2O3, 不饱和度为7。红外光谱吸收峰表明化合物中存在酯羰基(1 735 cm-1)和酰胺羰基(1 648 cm-1)。1H NMR数据(表 1) 的烯氢质子信号说明化合物存在一个α吡啶环单元δH 6.43 (1H, dd, J = 9.0, 1.2 Hz, H-3)、7.26 (1H, dd, J = 9.0, 6.8 Hz, H-4)、5.97 (1H, dd, J = 6.8, 1.2 Hz, H-5)][6]13C NMR (表 1)和DEPT数据显示共有15个碳信号, 包括3个羰基信号: 151.4 (C-6)、163.8 (C-2)、170.4 (C-15); 5个次甲基信号: 28.1 (C-9)、35.5 (C-7)、104.8 (C-5)、116.8 (C-3)、139.8 (C-4); 6个亚甲基和1个甲基信号14.3 (C-17)。
以上这些数据表明, 化合物23为金雀花碱型衍生物。将化合物231H NMR数据与12-cytisineacetate比较, 发现二者非常相似[30], 主要的不同在于少了12-cytisineacetate中的甲氧基信号δH 3.63 (3H, s, COOCH3), 多了一个甲基信号δH 1.19 (3H, t, J = 7.2 Hz) 和一个亚甲基信号δH 4.07 (2H, q, J = 7.2 Hz)。因此, 推测12-cytisineacetate中的甲基在化合物23中被乙基取代。这一推断通过H2-16/H3-17的1H-1H COSY相关(图 2), 以及H2-16 [δH 4.07 (2H, q, J = 7.2 Hz)] 和C-15 (δC 170.4) 的HMBC相关得到证实。因此, 化合物的平面结构得到确定。
化合物23的构型通过ROESY实验和与类似物的旋光值对比分析得到确定。在ROESY谱中, H-7/H-9的NOE相关表明H-7和H-9有着相同的取向。另外, 根据文献中报道的类似物的旋光值[N-methylcytisine ([α]D20-233 (c 0.43, EtOH)); N-ethylcytisine ([α]D27-216.7 (c 0.31, EtOH)); N-propionyl cytisine ([α]D20-241 (c 1, CHCl3)); N-acetyl cytisine ([α]D20-200 (c 1, CHCl3)); N-hexanoylcytisine ([α]D20-141 (c 0.07, MeOH))][26, 27, 31, 32], 说明化合物23 [[α]D24-89.9 (c 0.1, MeOH)] 与金雀花碱(cytisine, 18) 有着相同的绝对构型。综合上述所有数据, 化合物23的结构鉴定为12-(1-乙酰氧基乙基)-金雀花碱。
采用Griess法考察了山豆根中分离到的25个生物碱抑制LPS诱导小鼠巨噬细胞RAW 264.7释放NO能力。结果表明, 化合物161920具有明显的抗炎作用, IC50值分别为39.86 ± 0.65、23.66 ± 0.37、34.56 ±0.45和47.68 ± 0.58 μmol·L-1。其中化合物6的抑制作用与阳性对照L-NMMA的活性相当。同时, 化合物161920对小鼠巨噬细胞RAW 264.7未表现出毒性作用(IC50 > 50 μmol·L-1) (表 2)。
本文对山豆根中的生物碱类成分进行了系统的化学成分研究, 共分离鉴定了25个喹诺里西啶类生物碱, 其中化合物23为新化合物, 化合物13161724首次从山豆根中分离得到。喹诺里西啶类生物碱分布广泛, 存在于豆科20多个属的植物中。现代药理研究表明该类化合物具有抗炎、抗病毒和抗肿瘤等多种药理作用[5]。本研究发现化合物161920有明显的抗炎活性。这一结果加深了对山豆根中生物碱类化学成分的认识。同时, 对中药山豆根传统抗炎功效与化学成分之间的关系也有了初步认识。
一维、二维核磁数据由Bruker Avance III HD 600型核磁共振仪(瑞士Bruker公司) 测定; Jasco DIP-370数字旋光仪(日本东京JASCO公司) 测定; ZF-1型紫外分析仪(海门市其林贝尔仪器制造有限公司); HR-ESI-MS数据使用API QStar-Pulsar LC-Q-TOF质谱仪获得; Bruker Tensor-27红外光谱仪; Hei-VAP Value G3型旋转蒸发仪(德国Heidolph公司); 3111型CO2恒温培养箱(Thermofisher公司); CKX41型倒置相差显微镜(OLYMPUS); Spectra Max M2多功能读板机(美国Moleccular Devices公司); 薄层色谱硅胶GF254、柱色谱硅胶购于青岛海洋化工; SephadexLH-20 (Amersham Biosciences公司); 碱性氧化铝(天津达茂化学试剂厂); ODS-C18 (75 μm) 反相填充材料(日本YMC公司); MTT、DMSO均为Solarbio公司生产; 胎牛血清(Hyclone公司); 胰蛋白酶(Roche公司); DMEM细胞培养基(Invitrogen公司); 中国科学院典型培养物保藏中心昆明细胞库的小鼠单核巨噬细胞RAW 264.7, 其编号为: KCB200603YJ。
药材样品于2019年6月采自云南省文山州西畴县, 经昆明理工大学生命科学与技术学院陈宣钦副教授鉴定为越南槐(Sophora tonkinensis) 的干燥根茎, 样品标本(编号: KUMST20190708) 保存于昆明理工大学植物化学重点实验室。
越南槐干燥根茎40 kg粉碎, 用95%乙醇水溶液室温浸泡3次, 每次48 h, 将乙醇提取物减压浓缩至无醇味, 合并提取液得到总提取物。与水混悬的总提取物用0.1%盐酸溶液调节pH至2~3后用乙酸乙酯萃取3次, 萃取后的水相加入17%氨水溶液调节pH至9~10, 再用氯仿萃取3次, 得到氯仿相(总生物碱, 320 g)。
氯仿相(320 g) 首先经过碱性氧化铝柱色谱分离, 依次用石油醚-乙酸乙酯(9∶1~1∶1)、石油醚-丙酮(2∶1~1∶1) 和氯仿-甲醇(9∶1~0∶1) 作为流动相进行梯度洗脱, 根据TLC检测结果, 合并得到F0~F6七个组分, 其中组分F0为油状非生物碱成分。
组分F1段(22.1 g) 经正相硅胶柱色谱(石油醚-乙酸乙酯-二乙胺, 130∶5∶5~5∶5∶0.1) 分离, 通过TLC检测合并得到化合物1 (14.0 g) 和组分F1-1~F1-3三部分。组分F1-1 (170.0 mg) 经多次硅胶分离得到化合物8 (8.0 mg)、12 (4.0 mg)、13 (2.0 mg) 和14 (3.0 mg)。化合物3 (6.1 mg) 从组分F1-2 (110.0 mg) 中通过反复的硅胶柱色谱和Sphadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱(氯仿-甲醇, 1∶1) 分离得到。组分F2段(1.2 g) 经正相硅胶柱(乙酸乙酯-甲醇, 15∶1~1∶1)洗脱得到化合物23 (11.8 mg)。组分F3段(8.4 g) 经正相硅胶柱(乙酸乙酯-甲醇, 20∶1~1∶1)梯度洗脱得到F3-1~F3-5五个组分。组分F3-3 (3.9 g) 经过多次硅胶柱色谱和Sphadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱(氯仿-甲醇, 1∶1) 分离得到化合物10 (181.9 mg)、11 (16.4 mg)、15 (5.6 mg)、17 (192.9 mg)、20 (2.8 mg) 和22 (15.5 mg)。化合物5 (385.5 mg)、6 (148.8 mg) 和19 (102.3 mg) 从组分F3-4 (1.5 g) 中经过多次硅胶和Sphadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱(氯仿-甲醇, 1∶1) 分离得到。通过硅胶柱色谱(石油醚-丙酮-二乙胺, 80∶10∶0.9~5∶5∶0.1), 从组分F3-5 (209.5 mg) 中分离得到化合物24 (7.3 mg)。化合物4 (6.0 mg) 和21 (579.8 mg) 从组分F4段(2.4 g) 经过多次硅胶柱色谱和Sphadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱(氯仿-甲醇, 1∶1) 分离得到。组分F5 (200 g) 经过正相硅胶柱色谱(饱和氯仿-甲醇-水, 90∶10∶1~1∶1∶1) 洗脱得到化合物2 (180.0 g)、7 (11.1 mg)、18 (30.1 mg)、16 (12.5 mg) 和25 (7.0 mg)。化合物9 (47.6 mg) 从组分F6 (25.0 g) 中分离得到(正相硅胶柱, 洗脱剂饱和氯仿-甲醇-水, 90∶10∶1~1∶1∶1)。
化合物23  无色油状, HR-ESI-MS: m/z 299.136 7 [M+Na]+ (Calcd. for C15H20N2O3Na+, 299.136 6), 分子式为C15H20N2O3; [α]D20-89.9 (c 0.10, MeOH); UV λmax (MeOH) nm (log ε): 232 (3.5), 309 (3.5); IR (KBr) νmax: 2 918, 2 850, 1 735, 1 648, 1 547, 1 318, 1 261, 1 184, 1 028, 804 cm-1; ECD (c 6.16×10-4 M, MeOH), λmaxε) 203 (+5.46), 233 (+11.35), 314 (-10.06) nm; 1H NMR (CDCl3, 600 MHz) 和13CNMR (CDCl3, 150 MHz) 见表 1
采用MTT法[33]检测化合物对RAW 264.7细胞的细胞活力。
根据Griess反应, 测量培养基中积累的亚硝酸盐浓度作为产生NO的指标, 进行NO抑制实验[34]。将RAW264.7细胞接种于96孔板, 密度为每孔8×104个细胞, 设置三组实验, 分别为空白对照组(DMSO)、LPS刺激组(DMSO+LPS) 和化合物干预组(DMSO+LPS+不同浓度的化合物)。设置化合物浓度为3.125、6.25、12.5、25、50 μmol·L-1, LPS浓度为1 μg·mL-1, 每组设置3组复孔, 在恒温培养箱(37 ℃、5% CO2) 中共同培养24 h后, 使用Griess法检测吸光值(OD540), 计算NO含量, 实验平行三次, 结果为平均数±标准差, 通过MTT法检测化合物对细胞活力的影响。NO生成抑制率(%) = [(LPS刺激组OD-化合物干预组OD)/(LPS刺激组OD-空白组OD)]×100%。
作者贡献: 李蓉涛负责提出研究选题和设计研究方案; 张袁亚负责实施过程和采集整理数据; 张袁亚和叶瑞绒负责设计论文框架、起草论文和修订论文; 张治军和李蓉涛负责获取研究经费、技术或材料支持、指导性支持。
利益冲突: 本研究不存在研究者、伦理委员会成员、受试者监护人以及公开研究成果有关的利益冲突。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(31960092)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(22067012)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(82073737)
  • 云南省创新团队资助项目(2019HC018)
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2021年第56卷第10期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2021-0687
  • 接收时间:2021-05-10
  • 首发时间:2025-12-18
  • 出版时间:2021-10-12
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  • 收稿日期:2021-05-10
  • 修回日期:2021-06-15
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(31960092)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(22067012)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(82073737)
云南省创新团队资助项目(2019HC018)
作者信息
    昆明理工大学生命科学与技术学院, 云南 昆明 650500

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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