Article(id=1208402526383222791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1208402525334646788, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2020-1470, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1599580800000, receivedDateStr=2020-09-09, revisedDate=1607011200000, revisedDateStr=2020-12-04, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766035213323, onlineDateStr=2025-12-18, pubDate=1613059200000, pubDateStr=2021-02-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766035213323, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766035213323, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766035213323, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1208402525334646788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2021', volume='56', issue='2', pageStart='341', pageEnd='642', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766035213072, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766137254779, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1208830519349998380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1208402525334646788, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1208830519349998381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1208402525334646788, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=570, endPage=576, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1208402526966231051, articleId=1208402526383222791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Preparation, characterization and improved solubility of ticagrelor salts, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Four salts of ticagrelor, ticagrelor-3, 5-dinitrobenzoic acid, ticagrelor-pyrazinamide, ticagrelor-Dproline and ticagrelor-L-proline were prepared by solvent suspension and liquid-assisted grinding to improve the solubility of ticagrelor. The compounds were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and the intermolecular salt-bonding forces were analyzed. The equilibrium solubility of salts and pure drug in hydrochloride buffer pH 1.2 and phosphate buffer pH 6.8 were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography.Ticagrelor was salted with 3, 5-dinitrobenzoic acid, pyrazinamide, D-proline, L-proline all in a stoichiometric ratio of 1∶1; with the exception of ticagrelor-D-proline, the solubility of the other three salts provided significantly improved solubility in hydrochloride buffer pH 1.2, and the equilibrium solubility of ticagrelor-3, 5-dinitrobenzoic acid was increased by approximately 1.7 folds as compared to pure drug. Salt-forming technology is convenient and can improve the solubility of ticagrelor.

, correspAuthors=Ning-bo GONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2021 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Hong-mei YU, Zheng-yu FANG, Cheng XING, Kun HU, Ning-bo GONG, Yang LU:), CN=ArticleExt(id=1208402528165802021, articleId=1208402526383222791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=替格瑞洛新盐型的制备、表征及溶解性能研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为改善替格瑞洛溶解性差的问题, 采用悬浮液法和加液研磨法制备得到替格瑞洛-3, 5-二硝基苯甲酸、替格瑞洛-吡嗪酰胺、替格瑞洛-D-脯氨酸、替格瑞洛-L-脯氨酸4种新盐型物质。利用粉末X-射线衍射法、红外光谱法、差示扫描量热法、核磁共振波谱法和元素分析技术对盐进行表征, 分析各分子间盐键等作用力。使用高效液相色谱法测定原料药和盐在pH 1.2和pH 6.8缓冲溶液中的平衡溶解度。替格瑞洛与3, 5-二硝基苯甲酸、吡嗪酰胺、D-脯氨酸、L-脯氨酸均以1∶1比例成盐, 除替格瑞洛-D-脯氨酸外, 其余3种盐型物质在pH 1.2缓冲溶液中平衡溶解度均有所提高, 其中, 替格瑞洛-3, 5-二硝基苯甲酸的溶解度与原料药相比提高了1.7倍。该成盐技术方法简单, 能够有效提高替格瑞洛的溶解度。

, correspAuthors=龚宁波, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*龚宁波, Tel: 86-10-63030566, E-mail:
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ArticleFig(id=1208431520428175493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208402526383222791, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= <i>In vitro</i> dissolution studies of TICA, TICA-DNBA, TICA-PZA, TICA-<i>D</i>-Pro, TICA-<i>L</i>-Pro in hydrochloride buffer pH 1.2 (A)and phosphate buffer pH 6.8 (B).<sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05 , figureFileSmall=Pj6a0eOCFc3/nBHQLQa2HA==, figureFileBig=Nq7MHPdUkuLE/13ckMg2iQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208431520537227408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208402526383222791, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sample Solvent Method Time/min Yield/% Purity/%
TICA-DNBA Dichloromethane Solvent suspension 200 97.98 95.36
TICA-PZA Dichloromethane Liquid assisted grinding 20 86.13 94.71
TICA-D-Pro Dichloromethane Solvent suspension 200 97.63 95.74
TICA-L-Pro Dichloromethane Solvent suspension 200 97.27 94.89
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Experimental results of ticagrelor-3, 5-dinitrobenzoic acid salt (TICA-DNBA), ticagrelor-pyrazinamide salt (TICA-PZA), ticagrelor-D-proline salt (TICA-D-Pro), ticagrelor-L-proline salt (TICA-L-Pro)

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Sample Solvent Method Time/min Yield/% Purity/%
TICA-DNBA Dichloromethane Solvent suspension 200 97.98 95.36
TICA-PZA Dichloromethane Liquid assisted grinding 20 86.13 94.71
TICA-D-Pro Dichloromethane Solvent suspension 200 97.63 95.74
TICA-L-Pro Dichloromethane Solvent suspension 200 97.27 94.89
), ArticleFig(id=1208431520830828710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1208402526383222791, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sample Measurement data Theoretical data
C/% H/% N/% C/% H/% N/%
TICA S1 53.26 5.44 16.05 52.82 5.36 16.07
S2 53.86 5.61 16.08
TICA-DNBA S1 48.93 4.46 15.25 49.00 4.36 15.24
S2 48.79 4.33 15.09
TICA-PZA S1 52.25 5.27 19.19 52.04 5.11 19.51
S2 52.10 5.19 19.19
TICA-D-Pro S1 52.66 5.86 15.35 52.69 5.80 15.37
S2 53.28 5.94 15.31
TICA-L-Pro S1 52.82 5.98 15.36 52.69 5.80 15.37
S2 52.98 6.00 15.37
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Element analysis results for TICA, TICA-DNBA, TICA-PZA, TICA-D-Pro, TICA-L-Pro

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sample Measurement data Theoretical data
C/% H/% N/% C/% H/% N/%
TICA S1 53.26 5.44 16.05 52.82 5.36 16.07
S2 53.86 5.61 16.08
TICA-DNBA S1 48.93 4.46 15.25 49.00 4.36 15.24
S2 48.79 4.33 15.09
TICA-PZA S1 52.25 5.27 19.19 52.04 5.11 19.51
S2 52.10 5.19 19.19
TICA-D-Pro S1 52.66 5.86 15.35 52.69 5.80 15.37
S2 53.28 5.94 15.31
TICA-L-Pro S1 52.82 5.98 15.36 52.69 5.80 15.37
S2 52.98 6.00 15.37
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替格瑞洛新盐型的制备、表征及溶解性能研究
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喻红梅 , 房政钰 , 邢逞 , 胡堃 , 龚宁波 * , 吕扬
药学学报 | 研究论文 2021,56(2): 570-576
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2021, 56(2): 570-576
替格瑞洛新盐型的制备、表征及溶解性能研究
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喻红梅, 房政钰, 邢逞, 胡堃, 龚宁波* , 吕扬
作者信息
  • 中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 晶型药物研究北京市重点实验室, 北京 100050

通讯作者:

*龚宁波, Tel: 86-10-63030566, E-mail:
Preparation, characterization and improved solubility of ticagrelor salts
Hong-mei YU, Zheng-yu FANG, Cheng XING, Kun HU, Ning-bo GONG* , Yang LU:
Affiliations
  • Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
出版时间: 2021-02-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2020-1470
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为改善替格瑞洛溶解性差的问题, 采用悬浮液法和加液研磨法制备得到替格瑞洛-3, 5-二硝基苯甲酸、替格瑞洛-吡嗪酰胺、替格瑞洛-D-脯氨酸、替格瑞洛-L-脯氨酸4种新盐型物质。利用粉末X-射线衍射法、红外光谱法、差示扫描量热法、核磁共振波谱法和元素分析技术对盐进行表征, 分析各分子间盐键等作用力。使用高效液相色谱法测定原料药和盐在pH 1.2和pH 6.8缓冲溶液中的平衡溶解度。替格瑞洛与3, 5-二硝基苯甲酸、吡嗪酰胺、D-脯氨酸、L-脯氨酸均以1∶1比例成盐, 除替格瑞洛-D-脯氨酸外, 其余3种盐型物质在pH 1.2缓冲溶液中平衡溶解度均有所提高, 其中, 替格瑞洛-3, 5-二硝基苯甲酸的溶解度与原料药相比提高了1.7倍。该成盐技术方法简单, 能够有效提高替格瑞洛的溶解度。

盐  /  替格瑞洛  /  表征  /  平衡溶解度

Four salts of ticagrelor, ticagrelor-3, 5-dinitrobenzoic acid, ticagrelor-pyrazinamide, ticagrelor-Dproline and ticagrelor-L-proline were prepared by solvent suspension and liquid-assisted grinding to improve the solubility of ticagrelor. The compounds were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and the intermolecular salt-bonding forces were analyzed. The equilibrium solubility of salts and pure drug in hydrochloride buffer pH 1.2 and phosphate buffer pH 6.8 were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography.Ticagrelor was salted with 3, 5-dinitrobenzoic acid, pyrazinamide, D-proline, L-proline all in a stoichiometric ratio of 1∶1; with the exception of ticagrelor-D-proline, the solubility of the other three salts provided significantly improved solubility in hydrochloride buffer pH 1.2, and the equilibrium solubility of ticagrelor-3, 5-dinitrobenzoic acid was increased by approximately 1.7 folds as compared to pure drug. Salt-forming technology is convenient and can improve the solubility of ticagrelor.

salt  /  ticagrelor  /  characterization  /  equilibrium solubility
喻红梅, 房政钰, 邢逞, 胡堃, 龚宁波, 吕扬. 替格瑞洛新盐型的制备、表征及溶解性能研究. 药学学报, 2021 , 56 (2) : 570 -576 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2020-1470
Hong-mei YU, Zheng-yu FANG, Cheng XING, Kun HU, Ning-bo GONG, Yang LU:. Preparation, characterization and improved solubility of ticagrelor salts[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2021 , 56 (2) : 570 -576 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2020-1470
替格瑞洛(ticagrelor, TICA, 图 1a)化学名称(1S, 2S, 3R, 5S)-3-[7-[[(1R, 2S)-2-(3, 4-二氟苯基)环丙基]氨基]-5-丙硫基三唑并[4, 5-d]嘧啶-3-基]-5-(2-羟乙氧基)-1, 2-环戊二醇, 属于环戊基三环并咪唑类, 是一种可逆性P2Y12拮抗剂, 相比氯吡格雷具有更多独特优势而受到广泛关注。替格瑞洛无需经肝脏代谢激活, 在急性冠脉综合征患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中效果显著, 具有起效时间快, 不受代谢酶活性影响, 与P2Y12受体可逆结合, 停药后血小板功能恢复时间短, 显著降低炎症因子水平[1-4], 改善心肌组织灌注水平, 降低不良心血管事件发生率[5, 6], 抑制血小板黏附和聚集导致的微血栓形成, 明显改善冠脉局部血流等优势[7, 8]。此外, 替格瑞洛还能提高机体清除自由基的能力, 达到保护冠脉微循环的作用[9]。综上种种优势, 替格瑞洛在双联抗血小板治疗新策略中具有十分重要的意义, 值得进一步研究和应用推广。替格瑞洛属于BCS IV类药物, 具有低溶解性和低渗透性, 替格瑞洛的绝对生物利用度的范围是30%~42%[10]。已有文献[11]报道采用共晶技术提高替格瑞洛溶解性, 替格瑞洛与L-酒石酸可形成稳定的比例为1∶1和2∶1的共晶, 比例为1∶1和2∶1的共晶体的溶解度与原药相比, 分别增加了大约2.7倍和2.6倍。同时文献已报道替格瑞洛的一水合物和二水合物, 替格瑞洛与乙酰水杨酸、烟酰胺、羟基乙酸、水杨酸、癸酸、龙胆酸、戊二酸、香草酸、琥珀酸、丙二酸形成的共晶体[12-16]。结构分析表明, 替格瑞洛结构中的叔胺键-N=、仲胺键-NH等都属于碱性基团, 可以和酸性较强的有机酸发生质子转移形成分子盐。
药物的固体形态种类主要有多晶型、水合物或溶剂合物以及共晶、盐, 固体形态的不同直接影响药物的安全性和有效性。其中, 成盐可以有效改善药物的理化性质, 如熔点、溶解度、溶出速率、稳定性、吸湿性以及生物利用度等[17]。以提高溶解性为目标, 结合替格瑞洛的结构特点, 本论文选择3, 5-二硝基苯甲酸(3, 5-dinitrobenzoic acid, DNBA)、吡嗪酰胺(pyrazinamide, PZA)、D-脯氨酸(D-proline, D-Pro)和L-脯氨酸(L-proline, L-Pro)作为配体与替格瑞洛成盐, 4种配体的结构式如图 1所示, 通过悬浮液法和加液研磨法最终获得了四种新的盐型物质。利用粉末X-射线衍射法、红外光谱法、差示扫描量热法、核磁共振波谱法和元素分析技术对其进行表征, 并对4种盐型物质的分子间相互作用进行了分析, 为替格瑞洛新盐型的发现提供了技术支撑。溶解度结果显示, 除替格瑞洛-D-脯氨酸外, 其余3种盐型物质的平衡溶解度均有所提高。该方法简单易行, 为进一步研究替格瑞洛盐型物质打下基础。
仪器  Rigaku D/max-2550粉末X-射线衍射仪: 日本理学Rigaku公司; DSC1型差示扫描量热仪: 瑞士Mettler Toledo公司; Spectrum 400型傅里叶变换红外光谱仪: 美国Perkin Elmer公司; XS105 Dual Range型分析天平: 瑞士Mettler Toledo公司; MX5型百万分之一天平: 瑞士Mettler Toledo公司; DF-101S型集热式恒温加热磁力搅拌器: 郑州长城科工贸有限公司; DZF-6020型真空干燥箱: 上海一恒科技有限公司; RC12AD型溶出试验仪: TDTF天大天发有限公司, 配RZQ-12D取样收集系统; Agilent 1200高效液相色谱仪: 美国Agilent公司, 配DAD检测器; ASCEND型核磁共振波谱仪, 400 M: 德国Bruker公司; FLASHSmart型微量元素分析仪: 美国赛默飞公司。
试药  替格瑞洛: 武汉远成科技发展有限公司, 批号: 20190614, 纯度 > 99.0%;3, 5-二硝基苯甲酸(批号: 20140820, 纯度 > 99.0%)、L-脯氨酸(批号: 20170810, 纯度 > 98.0%)、D-脯氨酸(批号: 20170616, 纯度 > 98.0%): 国药集团化学试剂有限公司; 吡嗪酰胺: 武汉远成科技发展有限公司, 批号: 20180605, 纯度 > 99.0%;实验中使用的溶剂均为分析纯, 实验用水为纯净水。
样品制备  室温(25℃)下将反应容器放置在磁力搅拌器上以300 r·min-1转速搅拌24 h或将样品置于研钵中研磨20 min后, 置于40℃真空干燥箱中干燥2 h得到产品后分析鉴定。实验方案见表 1
粉末X-射线衍射法  取等量TICA、DNBA、PZA、D-Pro、L-Pro原料药, TICA-DNBA、TICA-PZA、TICA-D-Pro、TICA-L-Pro盐型样品以及它们的物理混合(约40 mg), 适当研磨成细粉状, 上机测试粉末X-射线衍射图谱。测试条件为: Cu/Kα靶, λ=1.541 78Å, 电压40 kV、电流1 500 mA, 扫描范围在3°~40°(2θ), 步长0.02°, 扫描速度为每分钟2°。
红外光谱分析法  分别称取TICA、DNBA、PZA、D-Pro、L-Pro原料药, TICA-DNBA、TICA-PZA、TICA-D-Pro、TICA-L-Pro盐型样品适量, 采用衰减全反射法进行红外光谱分析检测, 扫描次数16次, 4 000~650 cm-1全谱扫描, 记录红外谱图。
差示扫描量热法  分别称取TICA、DNBA、PZA、D-Pro、L-Pro原料药, TICA-DNBA、TICA-PZA、TICA-D-Pro、TICA-L-Pro盐型样品约2 mg, 置于带盖铝坩埚中, 以空铝坩埚作为参比, N2气氛50 mL·min-1, 扫描范围: 30~300℃, 升温速率: 10℃·min-1, 记录吸热曲线, 采用STARe数据处理软件处理图谱。
核磁共振波谱法  分别称取等量(约5 mg) TICA原料药、TICA-DNBA、TICA-PZA、TICA-D-Pro、TICA-L-Pro盐型样品溶于DMSO溶剂中, 温度为298 K, 进行核磁共振氢谱和碳谱测定。
元素分析法  分别精密称取适量TICA原料药、TICA-DNBA、TICA-PZA、TICA-D-Pro和TICA-L-Pro盐型样品, 置于锡杯中, 以空锡杯作为参比, 高纯氧99.99%, 流速为240 mL·min-1; He气氛99.999%, 流速为180 mL·min-1; 分解炉温度为950℃。按FLASHSmart型元素分析仪操作规程检测, 采用Eager Smart数据处理软件(K因子法)计算样品中各元素的百分含量值。
溶解度实验  分别称取过100目筛的30 mg TICA当量的TICA、TICA-DNBA、TICA-PZA、TICA-D-Pro、TICA-L-Pro, 分别加入450 mL溶出介质(pH 1.2缓冲溶液, pH 6.8缓冲溶液[18])于溶出试验仪, 采用浆法, 转速100 r·min-1, 分别于20、40、60、90、150、210、330、450和570 min取样, 用0.22μm滤膜过滤, 续滤液用高效液相色谱法分析测定样品的溶解性能。色谱条件[19]: Welch Ultimate AQ-C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5μm); 流动相: 乙腈-水(50∶50);检测波长: 254 nm; 流速: 1.0 mL·min-1; 柱温: 35℃; 进样量: 10μL。平行重复3次实验, 各组数据结果采用(x ± s) μg·mL-1表示。采用Graph Pad Prism 7.0数据分析处理软件进行独立样本t检验, 对替格瑞洛盐和替格瑞洛原料药的溶解度进行组间均数比较, P < 0.05为差异显著。
盐和共晶的区别在于是否发生了实质性的质子转移。当活性药物成分与其共形成物的ΔpKa(pKa碱-pKa酸) > 3, 表明发生了实质性的质子转移导致电离, 从而形成盐; 当ΔpKa(pKa碱-pKa酸) < 0, 表明未发生可观的质子转移, 形成的物质分类为共晶[20]。TICA的pKa=13.26±0.70, DNBA的pKa=2.85, 与TICA的ΔpKa=10.41, PZA的pKa=0.5, 与TICA的ΔpKa=12.76, D-Pro的pKa=1.95, 与TICA的ΔpKa=11.31, L-Pro的pKa=1.95, 与TICA的ΔpKa=11.31, 由此推测4种合成产物均属于盐。
粉末衍射图谱被认为是晶态样品的指纹图谱, 衍射峰的位置、强度和形状都是独特的[21]。当新的物相生成的时候, 粉末衍射图谱中会出现新的衍射峰。活性药物成分、共形成物和盐以及物理混合的粉末衍射图谱见图 2。对比发现, 新盐型的粉末衍射图谱中特征峰的位置和强度发生明显改变。在4种新的盐型物质中, 归属于TICA的2θ为5.44°、6.74°、13.44°、18.26°的特征峰均消失, 归属于DNBA的2θ为18.04°、23.36°、32.40°特征峰消失, TICA-DNBA盐型化合物在2θ为4.14°、7.56°、7.88°、11.78°、13.76°、15.12°出现了新的衍射峰。归属于PZA的2θ为7.78°、15.3°、15.64°特征峰消失, TICA-PZA盐型化合物在2θ为3.86°、8.44°、15.86°、19.60°出现了新的衍射峰。归属于D-Pro的2θ为15.08°、18.02°特征峰消失, TICA-D-Pro盐型化合物在2θ为5.94°、8.88°、19.28°出现了新的衍射峰。归属于L-Pro的2θ为15.12°、18.06°特征峰消失, TICA-L-Pro盐型化合物在2θ为11.82°、15.78°、19.32°、23.72°出现了新的衍射峰。以上粉末衍射数据分析说明TICA与4种共形成物均形成了新的物相。
傅里叶变换红外光谱是依据分子内部原子间相互振动以及分子转动等信息来推断被测物分子结构的一类分析方法, 可用于晶型物质的定性鉴别和半定量分析, 根据光谱中峰位和峰形等推断未知物结构, 判断存在于共晶或新盐型化合物中的官能团, 推断分子间可能存在氢键或盐键等分子间作用力, 依照特征吸收峰的强度来测定混合物中各组分的含量[22]。该法具有操作简单、使用样品量少等优点, 成为晶型固体物质识别与鉴定不可或缺的手段之一。TICA羟基的νO-H3 381 cm-1, TICA-DNBA羟基吸收红移至3 283 cm-1, TICA-L-Pro羟基的νO-H与TICA相比红移至3 280 cm-1。PZA羰基的νC=O1 703 cm-1, TICA-PZA的νC=O红移至1 689 cm-1。红外吸收光谱分析可佐证TICA与DNBA、PZA、L-Pro、D-Pro形成了新的物质。但利用红外图谱完全判断活性药物成分、共形成物和共晶/盐间的关系存在一定难度, 可作为晶型鉴别的辅助手段。
差示扫描量热法通过测定物质熔点进行药物及其制剂鉴别, 测定药物纯度, 对于区分药物共晶(盐), 具有简便、快速、高效等优势[23]。替格瑞洛原料和盐的差示扫描量热分析曲线见图 3, TICA-DNBA、TICA-PZA、TICA-D-Pro、TICA-L-Pro盐的吸热峰与原料药的温度均不相同, 峰形较尖锐, 且在原料药吸热峰处未产生吸收峰, 表明有新的物质生成, 且纯度较高。替格瑞洛-D-脯氨酸和替格瑞洛-L-脯氨酸盐相比于替格瑞洛原料药的熔点均有所上升, 意味着更高的热力学稳定性。
核磁共振波谱法可有效确定药物结构中氢原子和碳原子数目及化学环境, 帮助分析活性药物成分和共形成物的分子间作用力[24]。4种替格瑞洛新盐型物质的碳谱和氢谱结果显示存在有TICA分子和相应的共形成物分子, 且比例均为1∶1。
TICA: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.37 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H), 7.37~7.28 (m, 2H), 7.10~7.05 (m, 1H), 5.12 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 1H), 5.05 (d, J = 4.1 Hz, 1H), 4.96 (t, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 4.60 (d, J = 4.9 Hz, 1H), 4.58~4.54 (m, 1H), 3.94 (d, J = 4.6 Hz, 1H), 3.76 (m, 1H), 3.55~3.49 (m, 4H), 3.16 (m, 1H), 2.95 (m, 1H), 2.89~2.82 (m, 1H), 2.67~2.60 (m, 1H), 2.13 (m, 1H), 2.03 (m, 1H), 1.52 (m, 3H), 1.40~1.35 (m, 1H), 0.82 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 169.26, 154.04, 150.71, 148.28 (dd), 149.52, 149.08, 146.66 (dd), 139.40, 123.26, 122.91, 117.12 (d), 114.91 (d), 81.89, 74.44, 73.79, 70.94, 60.61, 60.40, 34.19, 33.33, 32.43, 24.13, 22.38, 15.11, 13.06。
TICA-DNBA: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 14.38 (s, 1H), 9.37 (d, J = 4.1 Hz, 1H), 9.03 (t, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 8.91 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 2H), 7.37~7.28 (m, 2H), 7.10~7.05 (m, 1H), 5.08 (d, J = 22.0 Hz, 2H), 4.96 (m, 1H), 4.64~4.53 (m, 2H), 3.95 (d, J = 4.3 Hz, 1H), 3.76 (m, 1H), 3.51 (m, 4H), 3.16 (m, 1H), 2.95 (m, 1H), 2.90~2.81 (m, 1H), 2.67~2.60 (m, 1H), 2.13 (m, 1H), 2.07~2.00 (m, 1H), 1.58~1.46 (m, 3H), 1.40~1.35 (m, 1H), 0.82 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 169.26, 164.06, 154.03, 150.71, 148.28 (dd), 149.51, 149.08, 146.67 (dd), 148.43, 139.40, 134.14, 129.00 (2C), 123.25, 122.91, 122.21, 117.12 (d), 114.91 (d), 81.89, 74.45, 73.79, 70.94, 60.61, 60.40, 34.19, 33.32, 32.43, 24.12, 22.38, 15.11, 13.06。
TICA-PZA: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.34 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H), 9.17 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.84 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.71 (dd, J = 2.4, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.24 (s, 1H), 7.85 (s, 1H), 7.35~7.26 (m, 2H), 7.10~7.03 (m, 1H), 5.10 (d, J= 6.4 Hz, 1H), 5.03 (d, J = 4.1 Hz, 1H), 4.95 (m, 1H), 4.59~4.53 (m, 2H), 3.93 (m, 1H), 3.74 (m, 1H), 3.55~3.47 (m, 4H), 3.14 (m, 1H), 2.95~2.90 (m, 1H), 2.87~2.82 (m, 1H), 2.62 (m, 1H), 2.11 (m, 1H), 2.05~1.98 (m, 1H), 1.57~1.45 (m, 3H), 1.39~1.34 (m, 1H), 0.80 (t, J= 7.3 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (126 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 169.62, 165.54, 154.40, 150.83, 148.89 (dd), 149.89, 149.19, 147.26 (dd), 147.85, 145.54, 144.09, 143.85, 139.79, 123.62, 123.29, 117.50 (d), 115.25 (d), 82.24, 74.84, 74.13, 71.31, 60.95, 60.76, 34.59, 33.71, 32.79, 24.52, 22.75, 15.50, 13.43。
TICA-D-Pro: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.36 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H), 8.62 (s, 1H), 7.34~7.26 (m, 2H), 7.08~7.04 (m, 1H), 5.13 (s, 2H), 4.95 (m, 1H), 4.54 (m, 2H), 3.94~3.92 (m, 1H), 3.76~3.72 (m, 1H), 3.61 (dd, J= 8.6, 5.6 Hz, 1H), 3.49 (m, 4H), 3.21~3.17 (m, 1H), 3.16~3.12 (m, 1H), 3.02~2.97 (m, 1H), 2.92 (m, 1H), 2.87~2.79 (m, 1H), 2.64~2.58 (m, 1H), 2.11 (m, 1H), 2.03~1.90 (m, 3H), 1.82~1.59 (m, 2H), 1.50 (m, 3H), 1.39~1.34 (m, 1H), 0.80 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ 169.60, 169.25, 154.04, 150.70, 148.27 (dd), 149.51, 149.06, 146.65 (dd), 139.41, 123.25, 122.91, 117.12 (d), 114.90 (d), 81.89, 74.44, 73.78, 70.93, 60.79, 60.62, 60.38, 45.29, 34.19, 33.33, 32.42, 28.99, 24.13, 23.95, 22.37, 15.11, 13.06。
TICA-L-Pro: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.36 (d, J = 4.1 Hz, 1H), 8.63 (s, 1H), 7.34~7.26 (m, 2H), 7.08~7.03 (m, 1H), 5.21~4.91 (m, 3H), 4.54 (m, 2H), 3.94~3.91 (m, 1H), 3.74 (m, 1H), 3.62 (dd, J = 8.6, 5.6 Hz, 1H), 3.49 (m, 4H), 3.23~3.18 (m, 1H), 3.16~3.12 (m, 1H), 2.99 (m, 1H), 2.96~2.88 (m, 1H), 2.88~2.79 (m, 1H), 2.65~2.57 (m, 1H), 2.11 (m, 1H), 2.03~1.89 (m, 3H), 1.78~1.64 (m, 2H), 1.56~1.44 (m, 3H), 1.36 (m, 1H), 0.80 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ 169.64, 169.25, 154.04, 150.71, 148.28 (dd), 149.51, 149.07, 146.65 (dd), 139.44, 123.25, 122.91, 117.12 (d), 114.91 (d), 81.89, 74.45, 73.79, 70.94, 60.80, 60.62, 60.39, 45.30, 34.19, 33.33, 32.42, 29.00, 24.13, 23.95, 22.38, 15.11, 13.06。
TICA原料药、TICA-DNBA、TICA-PZA、TICA-D-Pro、TICA-L-Pro盐的元素分析结果见表 2。元素分析结果显示4种TICA新盐型物质的纯度较高, C%、H%、O%测量值与理论计算差值< 0.4%, 且样品均匀性较高, 两次测量结果差值< 0.4%。
TICA原料药、TICA-DNBA、TICA-PZA、TICA-D-Pro、TICA-L-Pro盐在pH 1.2和pH 6.8缓冲液中的溶解度结果见图 4。在pH 1.2缓冲液中, TICA原料药的平衡溶解度为10.49μg·mL-1, TICA-DNBA的平衡溶解度为18.07μg·mL-1, TICA-DNBA盐相比于TICA原料药溶解度提高了1.7倍(P < 0.05)。TICA-PZA和TICA-L-Pro盐的平衡溶解度分别为13.04和15.14μg·mL-1, 溶解度分别是TICA原料药的1.2倍和1.4倍。在pH6.8缓冲液中, 替格瑞洛4个新盐型物质的溶解度相比于替格瑞洛原料药没有明显改善(P > 0.05)。
替格瑞洛作为一种新型的抗血小板聚集的药物, 存在溶解性差的问题, 本研究希望通过成盐技术改善其溶解度从而提高生物利用度。考虑到替格瑞洛pKa值13.26±0.70, 分子呈碱性, 易与酸性化合物成盐, 通过成盐筛查技术, 采用悬浮液法和加液研磨法制备获得了替格瑞洛4种盐, 分别为替格瑞洛-3, 5-二硝基苯甲酸(1∶1)、替格瑞洛-吡嗪酰胺(1∶1)、替格瑞洛-D-脯氨酸(1∶1)、替格瑞洛-L-脯氨酸(1∶1)。表征分析发现4种盐均具有特征的粉末衍射图谱、红外图谱及熔点, 确证了新的盐型物质的生成。药物的溶解性是影响药物生物利用度的关键因素, 进而会影响药物的有效性和临床应用。替格瑞洛-3, 5-二硝基苯甲酸、替格瑞洛-吡嗪酰胺和替格瑞洛-L-脯氨酸盐均提高了替格瑞洛在pH 1.2缓冲溶液中的溶解性, 因此, 本研究获得的3种新盐型物质具有提高替格瑞洛生物利用度的潜力, 生物活性实验及晶体生长在进一步的研究中, 本实验为成盐技术在改善药物溶解性方面提供了应用基础。
作者贡献: 喻红梅负责实验设计、样品制备表征和论文的撰写; 房政钰、邢逞和胡堃负责样品热分析、元素分析和光谱分析; 龚宁波和吕扬负责论文的指导和审阅。
利益冲突: 本文的研究内容无任何利益冲突。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2016YFC1000900)
  • 中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程项目(2017-I2M-1-010)
  • 天然/有效活性小分子高效获取鉴定的技术集成体系构建及应用(2018ZX09711001-001)
  • 国家科技重大专项-重大新药创制(2018ZX09711001-010)
  • 国家科技重大专项-重大新药创制(2018ZX09711001-003-022)
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2020-1470
  • 接收时间:2020-09-09
  • 首发时间:2025-12-18
  • 出版时间:2021-02-12
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  • 收稿日期:2020-09-09
  • 修回日期:2020-12-04
基金
国家重点研发计划(2016YFC1000900)
中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程项目(2017-I2M-1-010)
天然/有效活性小分子高效获取鉴定的技术集成体系构建及应用(2018ZX09711001-001)
国家科技重大专项-重大新药创制(2018ZX09711001-010)
国家科技重大专项-重大新药创制(2018ZX09711001-003-022)
作者信息
    中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所, 晶型药物研究北京市重点实验室, 北京 100050

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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