Article(id=1201177211878469666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1201177206518145841, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0041, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1673452800000, receivedDateStr=2023-01-12, revisedDate=1685376000000, revisedDateStr=2023-05-30, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764312564087, onlineDateStr=2025-11-28, pubDate=1704988800000, pubDateStr=2024-01-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764312564087, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764312564087, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764312564087, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1201177206518145841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2024', volume='59', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='268', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764312562826, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764312760268, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1201178034725417827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1201177206518145841, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1201178034725417828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1201177206518145841, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=135, endPage=142, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1201177212700553298, articleId=1201177211878469666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=The combination of berberine and cinnamon polyphenol can improve glucose metabolism in T2DM rats through Bas-TGR5-GLP-1, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Berberine (BBR) is the main pharmacological active ingredient of Coptidis, which has hypoglycemic effect, but its clinical application is limited due to its poor oral bioavailability. Polyphenols, derived from cinnamon, are beneficial for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The combination of both may have an additive effect. The aim of this study was to investigate the hypoglycemic effect and mechanism of combined medication in diabetic rats. The modeling rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (berberine group, cinnamon group, combined group, metformin group, diabetic control group) and normal control group. The animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee (approval number: HMUIRB2022003). The subjects were given orally, and the control group was given equal volume solvent and body weight was measured weekly. Thirty days after administration, oral glucose tolerance test and insulin sensitivity test were performed, and fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated serum protein (GSP), and serum insulin (INS) levels were detected; high-throughput sequencing technology was used to detect intestinal microbiota structure; real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot were used to detect G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) expression levels. The results showed that, compared with the diabetic control group, the levels of FBG (P < 0.01) and GSP (P < 0.01) in the combined group were lower, and the insulin resistance was improved, which was better than that in the berberine group. Combined treatment increased the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Prevotella and Lactobacillus, reversed the decrease in Lactobacillus in the berberine alone induction group, and the combination of the two could promote the expression of TGR5 and GLP-1. In summary, the combined application of cinnamon and berberine can regulate glucose metabolism better than the application of berberine alone. Berberine combined with cinnamon can improve the function of pancreatic islet β cells in diabetes mellitus type 2 rats by changing the intestinal microbiota, increasing the expression of TGR5 and GLP-1 proteins, and thereby better regulating glucose metabolism.

, correspAuthors=Ying LIU, Yan ZHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Wan LIU, Fei LIANG, Tie-quan CAI, Ying LI, Le LI, Shu-cai YANG, Ying LIU, Yan ZHAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1201177214210502870, articleId=1201177211878469666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=小檗碱和肉桂多酚联合使用可通过Bas-TGR5-GLP-1改善T2DM大鼠的葡萄糖代谢, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

小檗碱(berberine, BBR) 是黄连的主要活性成分, 有降血糖作用, 但由于口服生物利用度低, 限制了其临床应用。肉桂(cinnamomum cassia, Cin) 中的多酚成分, 对2型糖尿病(T2DM) 有益。二者联合应用可能会有相加的效果。本研究通过对糖尿病大鼠联合用药干预, 探讨二者联合的降血糖作用效果及机制。将造模成功的大鼠随机分为5组[糖尿病对照组(Con)、小檗碱组(BBR)、肉桂多酚组(Cin)、联合组(BBR+Cin)、二甲双胍组(Met)] 和正常对照组(Nor)。该动物实验得到了动物伦理委员会的批准(批准号: HMUIRB2022003)。经口给予受试物, 对照组给予等体积溶剂, 每周称量体重。给药30天后进行口服葡萄糖耐量实验和胰岛素敏感性实验, 检测空腹血糖(FBG)、糖化血清蛋白(GSP)、血清胰岛素(INS) 水平, 采用高通量测序技术检测肠道菌群构成, 实时荧光定量PCR (RT-qPCR) 和蛋白免疫印迹(Western blot) 分别检测肝脏和结肠组织中G蛋白偶联受体5 (TGR5) 和胰高血糖素样肽-1 (GLP-1) 的表达。结果显示, 与模型对照组比较, 联合组大鼠FBG (P < 0.01)、GSP (P < 0.01) 水平降低, 胰岛素抵抗改善, 效果优于BBR组。联合处理增加了拟杆菌属、普雷沃菌属和乳杆菌属的相对丰度, 逆转小檗碱单独诱导组的乳杆菌属减少的结果, 且二者联合可促进TGR5和GLP-1的表达。综上, 联合应用肉桂多酚和小檗碱比单独应用小檗碱能更好地调节糖代谢。小檗碱联合肉桂多酚可通过改变肠道菌群, 增加TGR5和GLP-1蛋白表达, 改善2型糖尿病大鼠胰岛β细胞功能, 从而更好地调节糖代谢。

, correspAuthors=刘影, 赵妍, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*刘影, Tel: 16603677931, E-mail: ;
赵妍, Tel: 15603666768, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2024, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=BGZrKc/D1RTYxHDcL37aAg==, magXml=ALxCnM4E6GeygYprPApLYQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=DuA/IBm19hXx1LKmqt3HhA==, pdfFileSize=2699422, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=5Np5lQjAbPH6pLr9Mc7Lpw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=iGOOauaDL8+P/OUi2czHWw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

#共同第一作者.

, authorsList=刘万, 梁菲, 蔡铁全, 李莹, 李乐, 杨树才, 刘影, 赵妍)}, authors=[Author(id=1201177214701236480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1201177214822871308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, authorId=1201177214701236480, language=EN, stringName=Wan LIU, firstName=Wan, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150076, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1201177214919340310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, authorId=1201177214701236480, language=CN, stringName=刘万, firstName=万, middleName=null, lastName=刘, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, #, address=1.哈尔滨医科大学, 黑龙江 哈尔滨 150076, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1201177214445383912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1201177214449578219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, companyId=1201177214445383912, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150076, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1201177214457966827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, companyId=1201177214445383912, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.哈尔滨医科大学, 黑龙江 哈尔滨 150076)])]), Author(id=1201177214999032097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1201177215091306795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, authorId=1201177214999032097, language=EN, stringName=Fei LIANG, firstName=Fei, middleName=null, lastName=LIANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150076, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1201177215212941616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, authorId=1201177214999032097, language=CN, stringName=梁菲, firstName=菲, middleName=null, lastName=梁, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, #, address=1.哈尔滨医科大学, 黑龙江 哈尔滨 150076, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1201177214445383912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1201177214449578219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, companyId=1201177214445383912, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150076, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1201177214457966827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, companyId=1201177214445383912, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.哈尔滨医科大学, 黑龙江 哈尔滨 150076)])]), Author(id=1201177215351353662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1201177215464599883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, authorId=1201177215351353662, language=EN, stringName=Tie-quan CAI, firstName=Tie-quan, middleName=null, lastName=CAI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2. Food Evaluation Center, State Administration for Market Regulation, Beijing 100070, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1201177215565263185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, authorId=1201177215351353662, language=CN, stringName=蔡铁全, firstName=铁全, middleName=null, lastName=蔡, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.国家市场监督管理总局食品评价中心, 北京 100070, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1201177214596378869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1201177214604767478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, companyId=1201177214596378869, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Food Evaluation Center, State Administration for Market Regulation, Beijing 100070, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1201177214613156087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, companyId=1201177214596378869, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.国家市场监督管理总局食品评价中心, 北京 100070)])]), Author(id=1201177215682703709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1201177215850475883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, authorId=1201177215682703709, language=EN, stringName=Ying LI, firstName=Ying, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150076, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1201177215934361974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, authorId=1201177215682703709, language=CN, stringName=李莹, firstName=莹, middleName=null, lastName=李, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.哈尔滨医科大学, 黑龙江 哈尔滨 150076, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1201177214445383912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1201177214449578219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, companyId=1201177214445383912, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150076, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1201177214457966827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, companyId=1201177214445383912, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.哈尔滨医科大学, 黑龙江 哈尔滨 150076)])]), Author(id=1201177216055996797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1201177216160854406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, authorId=1201177216055996797, language=EN, stringName=Le LI, firstName=Le, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150076, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1201177216265712016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, authorId=1201177216055996797, language=CN, stringName=李乐, firstName=乐, middleName=null, lastName=李, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.哈尔滨医科大学, 黑龙江 哈尔滨 150076, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1201177214445383912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1201177214449578219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, companyId=1201177214445383912, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150076, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1201177214457966827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, companyId=1201177214445383912, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.哈尔滨医科大学, 黑龙江 哈尔滨 150076)])]), Author(id=1201177216362181018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1201177216496398751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, authorId=1201177216362181018, language=EN, stringName=Shu-cai YANG, firstName=Shu-cai, middleName=null, lastName=YANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150076, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1201177216597062060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, authorId=1201177216362181018, language=CN, stringName=杨树才, firstName=树才, middleName=null, lastName=杨, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.哈尔滨医科大学, 黑龙江 哈尔滨 150076, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1201177214445383912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1201177214449578219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, companyId=1201177214445383912, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150076, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1201177214457966827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, companyId=1201177214445383912, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.哈尔滨医科大学, 黑龙江 哈尔滨 150076)])]), Author(id=1201177216706113973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, orderNo=6, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=liuying0223@sohu.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1201177216794194362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, authorId=1201177216706113973, language=EN, stringName=Ying LIU, firstName=Ying, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1. Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150076, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1201177216886469056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, authorId=1201177216706113973, language=CN, stringName=刘影, firstName=影, middleName=null, lastName=刘, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1.哈尔滨医科大学, 黑龙江 哈尔滨 150076, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1201177214445383912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1201177214449578219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, companyId=1201177214445383912, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150076, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1201177214457966827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, companyId=1201177214445383912, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.哈尔滨医科大学, 黑龙江 哈尔滨 150076)])]), Author(id=1201177217016492490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, orderNo=7, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=yew76@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1201177217150710229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, authorId=1201177217016492490, language=EN, stringName=Yan ZHAO, firstName=Yan, middleName=null, lastName=ZHAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1. Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150076, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1201177217305899485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, authorId=1201177217016492490, language=CN, stringName=赵妍, firstName=妍, middleName=null, lastName=赵, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1.哈尔滨医科大学, 黑龙江 哈尔滨 150076, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1201177214445383912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1201177214449578219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, companyId=1201177214445383912, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150076, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1201177214457966827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, companyId=1201177214445383912, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.哈尔滨医科大学, 黑龙江 哈尔滨 150076)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1201177217414951399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=berberine), Keyword(id=1201177217494643181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=cinnamon polyphenol), Keyword(id=1201177217620472304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=gut microbiota), Keyword(id=1201177217742107127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=type 2 diabetes), Keyword(id=1201177217884713473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=glucose metabolism), Keyword(id=1201177217972793863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=小檗碱), Keyword(id=1201177218081845774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=肉桂多酚), Keyword(id=1201177218165731859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=肠道菌群), Keyword(id=1201177218245423640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=2型糖尿病), Keyword(id=1201177218413195810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=糖代谢)], refs=[Reference(id=1201177219663098472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Saeedi P, Petersohn I, Salpea P, et al. Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition [J]. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2019, 157: 107843., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201177219763761771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang PH, Chen ZW, Lv D, et al. Increased risk of cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective cohort study in China [J]. BMC Public Health, 2012, 12: 567., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201177219881202286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Y, Shou JW, Li XY, et al. Berberine-induced bioactive metabolites of the gut microbiota improve energy metabolism [J]. Metabolism, 2017, 70: 72-84., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201177220007031414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yao Y, Chen H, Yan L, et al. Berberine alleviates type 2 diabetic symptoms by altering gut microbiota and reducing aromatic amino acids [J]. Biomed Pharmacother, 2020, 131: 110669., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201177220103500409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang Y, Gu Y, Ren H, et al. Gut microbiome-related effects of berberine and probiotics on type 2 diabetes (the PREMOTE study) [J]. Nat Commun, 2020, 11: 5015., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201177220237718141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Qin J, Li Y, Cai Z, et al. A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes [J]. Nature, 2012, 490: 55-60., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201177220334187138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li R, Liang T, Xu L, et al. Protective effect of cinnamon polyphenols against STZ-diabetic mice fed high-sugar, high-fat diet and its underlying mechanism [J]. Food Chem Toxicol, 2013, 51: 419-425., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201177220413878916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li AL, Ni WW, Zhang QM, et al. Effect of cinnamon essential oil on gut microbiota in the mouse model of dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis [J]. Microbiol Immunol, 2020, 64: 23-32., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201177220531319431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Van Hul M, Geurts L, Plovier H, et al. Reduced obesity, diabetes, and steatosis upon cinnamon and grape pomace are associated with changes in gut microbiota and markers of gut barrier [J]. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 2018, 314: E334-E352., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201177220627788429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gheibi S, Kashfi K, Ghasemi A. A practical guide for induction of type-2 diabetes in rat: incorporating a high-fat diet and streptozotocin [J]. Biomed Pharmacother, 2017, 95: 605-613., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201177220736840337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang H, Wang X, Wang T, et al. Enhancement of berberine hypoglycemic activity by oligomeric proanthocyanidins [J]. Molecules, 2018, 23: 3318., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201177220854280852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zou X, Huang W, Lu F, et al. The effects of Jiao-Tai-Wan on sleep, inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity-resistant rats with chronic partial sleep deprivation [J]. BMC Complement Altern Med, 2017, 17: 165., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201177220950749846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Scheithauer TPM, Rampanelli E, Nieuwdorp M, et al. Gut microbiota as a trigger for metabolic inflammation in obesity and type 2 diabetes [J]. Front Immunol, 2020, 11: 571731., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201177221034635930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tanase DM, Gosav EM, Neculae E, et al. Role of gut microbiota on onset and progression of microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) [J]. Nutrients, 2020, 12: 3719., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201177221093356191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang R, Li S, Jia H, et al. Effects of cinnamaldehyde on the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in liver of Salmonella typhimurium-challenged mice [J]. Molecules, 2021, 26: 2309., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201177221198213795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Johnson EL, Heaver SL, Walters WA, et al. Microbiome and metabolic disease: revisiting the bacterial phylum Bacteroidetes [J]. J Mol Med, 2017, 95: 1-8., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201177221315654313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Magne F, Gotteland M, Gauthier L, et al. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio: a relevant marker of gut dysbiosis in obese patients? [J]. Nutrients, 2020, 12: 1474., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201177221449872042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cao H, Li C, Lei L, et al. Stachyose improves the effects of berberine on glucose metabolism by regulating intestinal microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in spontaneous type 2 diabetic KKAy mice [J]. Front Pharmacol, 2020, 11: 578943., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201177221563118257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Adak A, Khan MR. An insight into gut microbiota and its functionalities [J]. Cell Mol Life Sci, 2019, 76: 473-493., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201177221659587249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Blaak EE, Canfora EE, Theis S, et al. Short chain fatty acids in human gut and metabolic health [J]. Benef Microbes, 2020, 11: 411-455., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201177221743473334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Harach T, Pols TW, Nomura M, et al. TGR5 potentiates GLP-1 secretion in response to anionic exchange resins [J]. Sci Rep, 2012, 2: 430., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1201177221827359418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li F, Jiang C, Krausz KW, et al. Microbiome remodelling leads to inhibition of intestinal farnesoid X receptor signalling and decreased obesity [J]. Nat Commun, 2013, 4: 2384., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1201177214445383912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1201177214449578219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, companyId=1201177214445383912, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150076, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1201177214457966827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, companyId=1201177214445383912, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.哈尔滨医科大学, 黑龙江 哈尔滨 150076)]), AuthorCompany(id=1201177214596378869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1201177214604767478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, companyId=1201177214596378869, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Food Evaluation Center, State Administration for Market Regulation, Beijing 100070, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1201177214613156087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, companyId=1201177214596378869, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.国家市场监督管理总局食品评价中心, 北京 100070)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1201177218526442024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=mRhnGjbMa0jLol14ZMQjxA==, figureFileBig=5Np5lQjAbPH6pLr9Mc7Lpw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201177218635493933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= Effects of berberine (BBR) and cinnamon polyphenol (Cin) on glucose metabolism. A: Changes in body weight of rats; B: Fasting blood glucose (FBG) level before administration; C: FBG levels 30 days after administration; D: Glycosylated serum protein (GSP) levels after administration; E: Insulin (INS) levels after administration; F: Oral glucose tolerance after 30 days of administration; G: Insulin tolerance after 30 days of administration. <i>n</i> = 10 (A-E), <i>n</i> = 8 (F, G), <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> Con. BBR: Berberine group (200 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>); Cin: Cin group (20 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>); BBR+Cin: Combined group (BBR: 200 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>, Cin: 20 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>); Met: Metformin group (180 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>); Con: Diabetic control group; Nor: Normal control group , figureFileSmall=mRhnGjbMa0jLol14ZMQjxA==, figureFileBig=5Np5lQjAbPH6pLr9Mc7Lpw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201177218882957884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=2JUImXZ4cNQYXgaoUHPyRA==, figureFileBig=DT2IWhQtmvvhgWs1+UGgtA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201177218958455358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Effects of BBR and Cin on the richness and diversity of intestinal microflora. A: Rank abundance curve; B: Chao 1 index; C: Shannon index; D: Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA, Jaccard distance); E: Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA, unweighted-unifrac). <i>n</i> = 5, <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> Con , figureFileSmall=2JUImXZ4cNQYXgaoUHPyRA==, figureFileBig=DT2IWhQtmvvhgWs1+UGgtA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201177219059118660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=lSnYQvd08EXE3GTF4LFwSA==, figureFileBig=96Y3iMZYEC6eAcddnhGG+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201177219143004747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= Effects of BBR and Cin on intestinal microbiota composition. A: Relative abundance of bacteria at phylum level; B: Relative abundance of generic level bacteria. <i>n</i> = 5, <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i> ± <i>s</i> , figureFileSmall=lSnYQvd08EXE3GTF4LFwSA==, figureFileBig=96Y3iMZYEC6eAcddnhGG+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201177219264639568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=wjkJ4IYKbBflESxirQeDfQ==, figureFileBig=MdJDo/nP9rqyHng5HQ2VvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201177219340137044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= Effects of BBR and Cin on intestinal microflora metabolism. A: KEGG pathway analysis of Con and BBR+Cin; B: KEGG pathway analysis of Con and BBR; C: MetaCyc pathway analysis of Con and BBR+Cin. <i>n</i> = 5, <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i> ± <i>s</i> , figureFileSmall=wjkJ4IYKbBflESxirQeDfQ==, figureFileBig=MdJDo/nP9rqyHng5HQ2VvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201177219444994650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=K8Lrd3D7AeIQpxny5RP2Eg==, figureFileBig=hWbjyPmqUCL7nWKs9u4R/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201177219562435170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201177211878469666, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= Effects of BBR and Cin on the expression of G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). A, B: TGR5 (A) and GLP-1 (B) mRNA levels; C-E: Western blot of TGR5 and GLP-1 proteins. <i>n</i> = 5, <i><span class="mag-xml-overline" style="border-top:1px solid black">x</span></i> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> Con , figureFileSmall=K8Lrd3D7AeIQpxny5RP2Eg==, figureFileBig=hWbjyPmqUCL7nWKs9u4R/Q==, tableContent=null)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1189982048455397383, delFlag=0, nameCn=药学学报, nameEn=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=0513-4870, eissn=null, cn=11-2163/R, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=BTxjudbJDVO4PqdBR6On6Q==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=null, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1761643429151, updatedTime=1761735768113, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=A, firstLetterEn=A, subjectCode=Life Sciences, subjectName=Life Sciences, subjectCodeEn=Life Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=BTxjudbJDVO4PqdBR6On6Q==, picEn=c4l1ckL55nWbhl1KrFdWIA==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1190369346338783397, language=CN, name=药学学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735768160, updatedTime=1761735768160, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1190369346376532134, language=EN, name=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735768169, updatedTime=1761735768169, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/journalx_yxxb/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1189982191388893191, websiteList=[Website(id=1189982271588340489, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189982191388893191, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1761643482348, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761643498101, updateBy=18614031015, name=药学学报-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=药学学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189982873114448678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761643625763, updateTime=1761643625763, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873093477155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761643625758, updateTime=1761643625758, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873135420201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643625768, updateTime=1761643625768, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873085088546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/file/pic?fileId=w+t2v8bJnX5lh3+hRRJcDA==, createTime=1761643625756, updateTime=1761643625756, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873152197419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643625772, updateTime=1761643625772, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873110254373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1761643625762, updateTime=1761643625762, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873143808810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643625770, updateTime=1761643625770, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873101865764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1761643625760, updateTime=1761643625760, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873122837287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761643625765, updateTime=1761643625765, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982873127031592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271588340489, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761643625766, updateTime=1761643625766, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1189982271655449355, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1189982191388893191, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1761643482364, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761643514085, updateBy=18614031015, name=药学学报-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1189982903015633534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761643632892, updateTime=1761643632892, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982902990467707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761643632886, updateTime=1761643632886, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903036605057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643632897, updateTime=1761643632897, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982902982079098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/file/pic?fileId=w+t2v8bJnX5lh3+hRRJcDA==, createTime=1761643632884, updateTime=1761643632884, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903053382275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643632901, updateTime=1761643632901, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903007244925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1761643632890, updateTime=1761643632890, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903044993666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761643632899, updateTime=1761643632899, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982902998856316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1761643632888, updateTime=1761643632888, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903019827839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761643632893, updateTime=1761643632893, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1189982903028216448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1189982271655449355, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761643632895, updateTime=1761643632895, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=药学学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://www.yxxb.com.cn/aps, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, journalPhotoCn=BTxjudbJDVO4PqdBR6On6Q==, journalPhotoEn=c4l1ckL55nWbhl1KrFdWIA==, journalFirstLetter=A, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0041, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0041, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/PDF/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0041, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/EN/PDF/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0041, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
小檗碱和肉桂多酚联合使用可通过Bas-TGR5-GLP-1改善T2DM大鼠的葡萄糖代谢
收藏切换
PDF下载
刘万 1, # , 梁菲 1, # , 蔡铁全 2 , 李莹 1 , 李乐 1 , 杨树才 1 , 刘影 1, * , 赵妍 1, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2024,59(1): 135-142
收起
收藏切换
药学学报 | 研究论文 2024, 59(1): 135-142
小檗碱和肉桂多酚联合使用可通过Bas-TGR5-GLP-1改善T2DM大鼠的葡萄糖代谢
全屏
刘万1, #, 梁菲1, #, 蔡铁全2, 李莹1, 李乐1, 杨树才1, 刘影1, * , 赵妍1, *
作者信息
  • 1.哈尔滨医科大学, 黑龙江 哈尔滨 150076
  • 2.国家市场监督管理总局食品评价中心, 北京 100070

通讯作者:

*刘影, Tel: 16603677931, E-mail: ;
赵妍, Tel: 15603666768, E-mail:
The combination of berberine and cinnamon polyphenol can improve glucose metabolism in T2DM rats through Bas-TGR5-GLP-1
Wan LIU1, Fei LIANG1, Tie-quan CAI2, Ying LI1, Le LI1, Shu-cai YANG1, Ying LIU1, * , Yan ZHAO1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150076, China
  • 2. Food Evaluation Center, State Administration for Market Regulation, Beijing 100070, China
出版时间: 2024-01-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0041
文章导航
收藏切换

小檗碱(berberine, BBR) 是黄连的主要活性成分, 有降血糖作用, 但由于口服生物利用度低, 限制了其临床应用。肉桂(cinnamomum cassia, Cin) 中的多酚成分, 对2型糖尿病(T2DM) 有益。二者联合应用可能会有相加的效果。本研究通过对糖尿病大鼠联合用药干预, 探讨二者联合的降血糖作用效果及机制。将造模成功的大鼠随机分为5组[糖尿病对照组(Con)、小檗碱组(BBR)、肉桂多酚组(Cin)、联合组(BBR+Cin)、二甲双胍组(Met)] 和正常对照组(Nor)。该动物实验得到了动物伦理委员会的批准(批准号: HMUIRB2022003)。经口给予受试物, 对照组给予等体积溶剂, 每周称量体重。给药30天后进行口服葡萄糖耐量实验和胰岛素敏感性实验, 检测空腹血糖(FBG)、糖化血清蛋白(GSP)、血清胰岛素(INS) 水平, 采用高通量测序技术检测肠道菌群构成, 实时荧光定量PCR (RT-qPCR) 和蛋白免疫印迹(Western blot) 分别检测肝脏和结肠组织中G蛋白偶联受体5 (TGR5) 和胰高血糖素样肽-1 (GLP-1) 的表达。结果显示, 与模型对照组比较, 联合组大鼠FBG (P < 0.01)、GSP (P < 0.01) 水平降低, 胰岛素抵抗改善, 效果优于BBR组。联合处理增加了拟杆菌属、普雷沃菌属和乳杆菌属的相对丰度, 逆转小檗碱单独诱导组的乳杆菌属减少的结果, 且二者联合可促进TGR5和GLP-1的表达。综上, 联合应用肉桂多酚和小檗碱比单独应用小檗碱能更好地调节糖代谢。小檗碱联合肉桂多酚可通过改变肠道菌群, 增加TGR5和GLP-1蛋白表达, 改善2型糖尿病大鼠胰岛β细胞功能, 从而更好地调节糖代谢。

小檗碱  /  肉桂多酚  /  肠道菌群  /  2型糖尿病  /  糖代谢

Berberine (BBR) is the main pharmacological active ingredient of Coptidis, which has hypoglycemic effect, but its clinical application is limited due to its poor oral bioavailability. Polyphenols, derived from cinnamon, are beneficial for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The combination of both may have an additive effect. The aim of this study was to investigate the hypoglycemic effect and mechanism of combined medication in diabetic rats. The modeling rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (berberine group, cinnamon group, combined group, metformin group, diabetic control group) and normal control group. The animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee (approval number: HMUIRB2022003). The subjects were given orally, and the control group was given equal volume solvent and body weight was measured weekly. Thirty days after administration, oral glucose tolerance test and insulin sensitivity test were performed, and fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated serum protein (GSP), and serum insulin (INS) levels were detected; high-throughput sequencing technology was used to detect intestinal microbiota structure; real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot were used to detect G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) expression levels. The results showed that, compared with the diabetic control group, the levels of FBG (P < 0.01) and GSP (P < 0.01) in the combined group were lower, and the insulin resistance was improved, which was better than that in the berberine group. Combined treatment increased the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Prevotella and Lactobacillus, reversed the decrease in Lactobacillus in the berberine alone induction group, and the combination of the two could promote the expression of TGR5 and GLP-1. In summary, the combined application of cinnamon and berberine can regulate glucose metabolism better than the application of berberine alone. Berberine combined with cinnamon can improve the function of pancreatic islet β cells in diabetes mellitus type 2 rats by changing the intestinal microbiota, increasing the expression of TGR5 and GLP-1 proteins, and thereby better regulating glucose metabolism.

berberine  /  cinnamon polyphenol  /  gut microbiota  /  type 2 diabetes  /  glucose metabolism
刘万, 梁菲, 蔡铁全, 李莹, 李乐, 杨树才, 刘影, 赵妍. 小檗碱和肉桂多酚联合使用可通过Bas-TGR5-GLP-1改善T2DM大鼠的葡萄糖代谢. 药学学报, 2024 , 59 (1) : 135 -142 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0041
Wan LIU, Fei LIANG, Tie-quan CAI, Ying LI, Le LI, Shu-cai YANG, Ying LIU, Yan ZHAO. The combination of berberine and cinnamon polyphenol can improve glucose metabolism in T2DM rats through Bas-TGR5-GLP-1[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2024 , 59 (1) : 135 -142 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0041
2型糖尿病(T2DM) 是一种代谢综合征, 由胰岛素抵抗或胰岛素分泌不足导致碳水化合物、脂肪和蛋白质代谢紊乱。其特点是发病率高、死亡率高、致残率高和并发症多。2型糖尿病是威胁全球人类健康的慢性非传染性疾病之一。根据国际糖尿病联合会的报告, 2019年全球糖尿病患者人数已达到4.63亿, 预计到2045年将达到7亿[1]。在中国, 最新的统计数据显示, 20岁以上成人糖尿病和糖尿病前期患病率分别为9.7%和15.5%[2]。目前, 还没有有效的治愈T2DM的方法, 主要采取口服降糖药和胰岛素注射来控制。然而, 传统的治疗方式往往导致高昂的医疗费用、较差的依从性和强烈的不良反应。因此, 寻找高效、低毒的新药至关重要。
小檗碱是从中药中提取的一种生物碱。越来越多的研究表明, 小檗碱具有多种功效, 如降脂、抗癌和调节葡萄糖代谢。研究显示, 小檗碱的抗糖尿病作用可能与调节肠道微生物群和肠道代谢产物有关[3-5]。同时发现小檗碱还可以增加肠道微生物群的群落丰富度和多样性, 特别是拟杆菌门的相对丰度[4]。早在2012年, 对2型糖尿病人群的宏基因组关联研究指出, 拟杆菌门的菌群与人类代谢疾病息息相关[6]
肉桂多酚是肉桂的重要成分, 具有降低血糖、抗氧化和抗肿瘤等多种药理作用。研究结果表明, 肉桂多酚能够缓解糖尿病综合征[7]。同时, 相关研究集中在肉桂与其他成分联用对肠道微生物群的影响[7-9]。基于这些发现, 本课题组设计本课题, 通过动物实验验证肉桂多酚和小檗碱联合使用可以发挥更好的协同抗糖尿病作用。
实验材料与试剂  小檗碱(纯度= 98%, 批号: 21321) 购自西安明朗生物科技有限公司; 肉桂多酚(纯度= 30%, 批号: JH180920) 购自西安金恒化工有限公司; 高糖高脂饲料[许可代码: SCXK (京) 2018-0006] 购自小黍有泰(北京) 生物科技有限公司; 链脲佐菌素溶液(批号: WXBF0075V) 购自美国Sigma公司; 二甲双胍(批号: H20052118) 购自山东明仁氟达制药有限公司; 大鼠血清胰岛素ELISA试剂盒(批号: TZGJEYI2XE) 购自武汉伊莱瑞特生物科技股份有限中心; 糖化血清蛋白(glycated serum protein, GSP) ELISA试剂盒(批号: 20191106-30799B) 购自上海江莱生物科技有限公司; TRIzol试剂(批号: 424104) 购自美国Ambion; SYBR Green Realtime PCR Master Mix (批号: 246000) 购自日本Toyobo公司; G蛋白偶联受体5 (G protein-coupled receptor 5, TGR5)-F (批号: 1926106351)、TGR5-R (批号: 1926106352)、胰高血糖素样肽-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1, GLP-1)-F (批号: 1926106349)、GLP-1-R (批号: 19261063350)、β-actin-F (批号: 1926106354)、β-actin-R (批号: 1926106353) 引物购自上海生工生物工程股份有限公司; RIPA均质裂解液(批号: MA0151-APR-121)、FG级超敏感增强型化学发光试剂(批号: MA0186-1-AUG-081) 购自大连Meilune生物技术公司; 增强BCA蛋白检测试剂盒(批号: 051023230915)、SDS-PAGE蛋白上样缓冲液(批号: 030923230920) 购自上海Beyotime Biotechnology; TGR-5抗体(批号: 76t9588)、GLP-1抗体(批号: 68u7320)、β-actin抗体(批号: 3500033024)、goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) HRP (批号: M09FE73) 购自Affinity公司。
仪器  血糖仪(Roche公司); 全自动生化分析仪(HITACHI公司, 7100); 恒温水浴锅(上海精宏医疗器械厂); SIM-F124制冰机(SANYO公司); 日本低温高速离心机(Beckman公司); 酶标仪、数字成像仪(BIO-RAD公司); 7500 FAST Real-time PCR System (Applied Biosystems公司); 垂直电泳槽(上海天能科技有限公司); DYY-6C型电泳仪(北京六一仪器厂)。
实验动物  80只8周龄雄性SD大鼠160~180 g [许可代码: SCXK (辽) 2015-0001] 适应性饲喂1周, 温度控制在(24 ± 2) ℃, 湿度控制在45%~60%。这些动物在哈尔滨医科大学实验动物中心饲养[许可证SYXK (黑) 2011007], 该动物实验指南遵循了《赫尔辛基宣言》和其他国际法规, 并得到了动物伦理委员会(HMUIRB2022003) 的授权。
动物的模型建立、分组及给药  适应性喂养1周后, 随机分为两组, 一组为正常对照组(n = 10), 另一组为T2DM模型组(n = 70)。正常对照组饲喂普通饲料, T2DM模型组饲喂高糖高脂饲料。喂食4周后, 所有大鼠均禁食(不禁水) 12 h。先灌胃1%大鼠体重的葡萄糖, 然后多次小剂量腹腔注射链脲佐菌素溶液(30 mg·kg-1)。空白对照组只给予柠檬酸缓冲液注射液。1周后, 用血糖仪测量尾静脉血糖, 筛选出符合标准的2型糖尿病大鼠。将成功模拟的大鼠按血糖水平随机分为5组[小檗碱处理组(BBR, 200 mg·kg-1)、肉桂多酚处理组(Cin, 20 mg·kg-1)、小檗碱加肉桂多酚处理组(BBR+Cin, BBR: 200 mg·kg-1; Cin: 20 mg·kg-1)、二甲双胍处理组(Met, 180 mg·kg-1)、糖尿病对照组(Con, 双蒸馏水)] (n = 10)以及正常对照组(Nor, 双蒸馏水)。所有大鼠按分组每天灌胃1次(1 mL/100 g体重), 每周记录体重1次, 每2周测量尾静脉血糖1次。所有大鼠均给予灌胃或等量蒸馏水30天。
口服糖耐量实验(OGTT) 和胰岛素耐量实验(ITT)  给药30天后, 大鼠用水禁食12 h, 按50%葡萄糖溶液(2 g·kg-1) 给予。在葡萄糖灌胃后0、30、60、120 min时, 用血糖仪测定大鼠尾静脉的血糖。胰岛素耐受性实验, 给药30天后, 大鼠用水禁食12 h, 腹腔注射胰岛素(0.5 U·kg-1)。在腹腔注射后0、15、30、60、90 min时, 用血糖仪测定大鼠尾静脉的血糖。
空腹血糖、胰岛素、糖化血清蛋白的测定  用血针从腹主动脉取血, 放置30 min后, 在4 ℃下3 000 r·min-1离心20 min, 取上清, 在-20 ℃下保存。空腹血糖用全自动分析仪, 胰岛素用血清胰岛素ELISA试剂盒, 糖基化血清蛋白用糖化血清蛋白试剂盒采用试剂盒测定。
Illumina测序  取出大鼠肠道内容物(重约1 g), 放入低温保存管中, 快速放入液氮中快速冷冻, 然后保存在-80 ℃冰箱中。Illumina测序工作委托相关公司完成(Frasergen, 武汉)。
实时荧光定量PCR和免疫印迹检测  快速切下肝组织(离肝左边缘1 cm处) 以及一段约3 cm长的结肠组织(大鼠肛门上方3~5 cm处), 用生理盐水清洗, 分别锡箔纸包裹和放入冷冻管中, 置于液氮中快速冷冻, 保存于-80 ℃冰箱。肝组织用于TGR5的RT-qPCR和免疫印迹检测, 结肠组织用于RT-qPCR和GLP-1的免疫印迹检测。使用TRIzol试剂从肝脏和结肠组织中分离RNA, 并用ReverTra Ace qPCR RT试剂盒进行逆转录。RT-qPCR采用SYBR Green Realtime PCR Master Mix在RT-qPCR系统上进行检测。
肝脏和结肠组织用RIPA均质和裂解, 使用增强BCA蛋白检测试剂盒测定蛋白浓度, 使用SDS-PAGE蛋白上样缓冲液上样, 裂解液样品被十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶分离和转移到PVDF膜, 5%脱脂牛奶在37 ℃下封闭2 h, 并在4 ℃下孵育一抗过夜, 用HRP偶联二抗37 ℃孵育2 h, 再用FG级超敏感增强型化学发光试剂检测并拍照。
统计学分析  实验数据采用单因素方差分析, 并采用最小显著性差异进行检验。结果以平均值±标准差表示, 并用GraphPad Prism绘制。P < 0.05被认为对所有结果均有统计学意义。
除Con组外, 各组大鼠的体重均保持增加, Nor组大鼠体重显著高于Con组(P < 0.01), 其他各组大鼠的体重均高于Con组(P > 0.05)。其中, BBR+Cin、Met和BBR组对改善体重下降的效果略优于Cin组(图 1A)。除Nor组外, 各组FBG均无差异(P > 0.05), 说明给药前各组FBG均处于相同水平。与Con组相比, BBR+Cin组、BBR组和Met组的FBG水平显著降低(P < 0.01), 同时, BBR+Cin组的FBG水平略低于其他两组。Cin组的FBG水平也有所下降(P < 0.05) (图 1BC)。治疗30天后, 与Con组相比, 治疗组的GSP水平均显著降低(P < 0.01) (图 1D)。与Con组相比, BBR+Cin组、BBR组、Met组的血清胰岛素水平明显升高(P < 0.01), Cin组也有增加(P < 0.05) (图 1E)。所有治疗组口服葡萄糖负荷后的血糖曲线下面积(AUC) 均减少, 尤其是BBR+Cin组(P < 0.05, 图 1F), 除Cin组外, 其他各组在注射胰岛素后的血糖AUC均明显降低(P < 0.01, 图 1G)。
等级丰度曲线(图 2A) 中Nor组表现出最丰富的多样性, Met和Con组低于Nor组, 而Cin、BBR和BBR+Cin组具有相似的聚类。肠道微生物区系多样性和丰富度的Chao 1指数和Shannon指数如图 2BC所示, 与Con组相比, Cin组、BBR组和BBR+Cin组的Chao 1和Shannon指数下降。Cin组和BBR+Cin组在Shannon指数方面有显著性差异(P < 0.05), Cin组在Chao1指数方面有显著性差异(P < 0.01)。此外, Chao 1和Shannon指数中的BBR+Cin组低于BBR组, 但高于Cin组。主坐标分析(PCoA) 如图 2DE所示, Nor组、Met组和Con组、Cin组、BBR组和BBR+Cin组被完全区分。此外, BBR+Cin组在一定程度上可以与BBR组区分开来, 并且与Cin组更为相似。
在门和属的水平上描述肠道微生物区系组成的变化结果如图 3所示, 在门水平上(图 3A), 厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门和变形菌门是各组中的优势菌群, 除Nor组外, 疣微菌门为优势菌群。与Con组相比, 各组中拟杆菌门的相对丰度均有所增加, 尤其是BBR+Cin组。而Cin、BBR、BBR+Cin组的厚壁菌门数量减少, 肠道微生物群组成发生了显著变化。在属水平上(图 3B), Cin组、BBR组和BBR+Cin组的相对丰度增加, 而BBR+Cin组的相对丰度高于其他两组。同时, BBR组中乳酸菌的相对丰度降低, 而在BBR+Cin处理后显著增加。而瘤胃球菌仅在BBR+Cin组中明显下降。
各组间代谢通路的显著差异结果如图 4显示, 其代谢途径与Con组相比有显著差异。如图 4A所示, 与Con组相比, BBR+Cin组中丰富的基因功能与丁酸代谢相关, 且明显增加。然而BBR组与该途径无关, 而是与多环芳香族降解有关(图 4B)。分析MetaCyc发现与食欲(即软骨素生物合成) 有关的通路PWY-6165显著降低, 可能与BBR+Cin的抗糖尿病作用有关(图 4C)。
检测胆汁酸/TGR5/GLP-1通路中的两个关键部分TGR5和GLP-1, 结果如图 5AB所示, Cin组、BBR组中TGR5和GLP-1 mRNA的表达水平升高, 而BBR+Cin组的表达水平显著上调(P < 0.01)。免疫印迹检测的数据与RT-qPCR检测的结果一致, BBR+Cin组的TGR5和GLP-1蛋白水平上升了1倍(图 5C~E)。
链脲佐菌素是一种能破坏胰岛β细胞的抗生素, 被广泛用于糖尿病的实验模型。本研究采取高脂饮食联合小剂量多次注射STZ的方法, 引起血糖和血脂代谢紊乱, 并破坏部分胰岛β细胞来模拟T2DM的发病过程, 建立T2DM大鼠模型[10]。结果发现, 造模组大鼠伴随明显的血糖升高症状, 与T2DM患者在发病机制及病理特征上均为相似。且模型制备结束时, 模型组大鼠FBG水平无显著差异, 说明T2DM大鼠模型是成功的, 可用于进一步实验。
降低FBG水平是T2DM的主要治疗目标, GSP水平也是反映血糖水平的良好指标。本研究应用这两个指标来评估血糖控制。与Con组相比, 小檗碱和肉桂多酚联合使用可以显著降低FBG和GSP水平, 比仅使用小檗碱效果更好。这一结果与Zhang等[11]的研究结果相似, 发现小檗碱与低聚原花青素(肉桂多酚的一种) 联合使用可显著提高小檗碱的药代动力学和降糖疗效。与Li等[7]的研究不同, Cin组的FBG水平没有明显下降, 可能是由于补充的剂量和时间之间的差异。
T2DM是一种胰岛素抵抗或胰岛素缺乏状态。本研究给药30天后各组大鼠OGTT、ITT结果显示, 在T2DM晚期, 胰岛β细胞逐渐代偿失调, 胰岛素敏感性降低, 胰岛素分泌不足。小檗碱与肉桂多酚联合使用可降低口服糖耐量实验和胰岛素耐量实验的曲线下面积, 可有效提高糖耐量和胰岛素敏感性。血清胰岛素检测结果直观显示, 联合治疗可增强T2DM大鼠的胰岛分泌功能, 从而提高胰岛素水平。总之, 小檗碱与肉桂多酚联合使用可改善糖耐量, 提高胰岛素敏感性, 从而维持胰腺β细胞的代偿性分泌, 改善胰岛素抵抗, 其效果优于单独使用小檗碱。与本研究结果相似, Zou等[12]发现交泰丸由铜根茎和肉桂皮组成, 可以逆转睡眠不足引起的全身炎症和胰岛素抵抗标志物的增加。
肠道菌群与T2DM的相互作用受到越来越多的关注[13, 14]。小檗碱和肉桂多酚被证明是调节肠道微生物群的潜在药物[15]。本研究从肠道微生物群的角度研究了小檗碱和肉桂多酚的抗糖尿病作用。通过16S rRNA测序分析发现, 联合治疗可以改变肠道微生物菌群的结构和物种丰富度; 使用PCoA分析发现, 治疗组明显区别于其他组, 同时较易发现组合治疗的微生物菌群结构更接近肉桂多酚而不是小檗碱。在联合处理组中, 拟杆菌门的相对丰度显著增加, 拟杆菌门通常是动物肠道中的优势细菌, 以拟杆菌、普雷沃氏菌和木囊杆菌为代表, 具有更强的多糖利用能力[16]。此外, 研究发现联合处理组的厚壁菌门及其与拟杆菌门的比值比其他各组降低得更明显。高厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门比值与机体炎症状态有关, 最终导致胰岛素抵抗[17]。因此, 联合处理对葡萄糖代谢的改善可能与拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门的变化有关。普雷沃氏菌和乳酸菌通常作为益生菌使用, 具有降解多糖和高碳水化合物的能力。在本研究中, 这两种细菌在联合处理中观察到相对丰度增加。此外, 小檗碱处理降低了乳酸菌的水平, 而小檗碱与肉桂多酚联合处理逆转了这种下降, 甚至可以提升到更高的水平, 这一结果与Cao等[18]的研究结果相似。
不仅是肠道微生物群的结构, 其复杂的代谢过程在调节宿主的代谢和免疫功能中也起着关键作用[19]。因此, 本研究进一步分析了两组间有显著性差异的代谢途径。联合处理可以显著提高丁酸代谢, 而小檗碱组与多环芳烃降解相关, 小檗碱组的结果与Yao等[4]的研究结果相同。丁酸盐是一种由肠道微生物群产生的短链脂肪酸, 可改善肠道屏障, 降低肠道炎症功能。丁酸盐还可以通过影响能量摄入和能量消耗以及提高胰岛素敏感性而在T2DM的治疗中发挥作用[20]。总的来说, 小檗碱与肉桂多酚联合使用与单纯使用小檗碱的不同之处在于对肠道微生物群代谢的影响, 联合治疗可以作为信号分子及能量充电器改善肠道微生物群的代谢物水平。
胆汁酸可以改变肠道微生物群的组成, 而微生物群的组成反过来又可以调节胆汁酸的变化。Bas/TGR5/GLP-1通路是参与葡萄糖代谢的重要信号通路之一。TGR5是一种介导胆汁酸信号转导的膜受体, 可刺激GLP-1分泌, 增加胰腺β细胞分泌胰岛素, 降低血糖水平[21]。肠道微生物群的改变, 特别是乳酸杆菌等具有胆盐水解酶(BSH) 活性的细菌, 可以调节胆汁酸代谢, 进而影响该通路关键蛋白的表达[22]。根据对肠道菌群的研究结果发现, 通过小檗碱与肉桂多酚的联合使用, T2DM大鼠的肠道菌群结构发生了明显变化, 尤其是乳酸杆菌以及肠道菌群的代谢途径。检测Bas/TGR5/GLP-1通路上两个关键蛋白TGR5及GLP-1在mRNA和蛋白质水平上的表达情况发现, 与模型对照组相比, 小檗碱与肉桂多酚联合使用可以提高TGR5和GLP-1表达水平, 并且高于小檗碱单独的治疗组。这一结果表明, 联合治疗能够通过增强Bas/TGR5/GLP-1通路, 促进胰岛β细胞分泌胰岛素, 从而起到调节血糖水平的作用, 且与其对肠道菌群的作用密切相关。
综上所述, 小檗碱与肉桂多酚联合使用可以通过改变肠道菌群的结构, 产生更高的TGR5及GLP-1表达, 从而促进胰岛β细胞分泌胰岛素, 起到调节血糖水平的作用, 可以比单独使用小檗碱更有效地调节葡萄糖代谢。本研究可能为今后的研究提供理论基础, 可能为治疗T2DM提供新的思路。
作者贡献: 刘影和赵妍负责研究方案设计及写作指导; 刘万和梁菲负责实验工作及文章撰写; 李莹和蔡铁全负责图表等数据的整理; 李乐和杨树才对实验中遇到的问题给予帮助和指导。
利益冲突: 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
Saeedi P, Petersohn I, Salpea P, et al. Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition [J]. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2019, 157: 107843.
[2]
Zhang PH, Chen ZW, Lv D, et al. Increased risk of cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective cohort study in China [J]. BMC Public Health, 2012, 12: 567.
[3]
Wang Y, Shou JW, Li XY, et al. Berberine-induced bioactive metabolites of the gut microbiota improve energy metabolism [J]. Metabolism, 2017, 70: 72-84.
[4]
Yao Y, Chen H, Yan L, et al. Berberine alleviates type 2 diabetic symptoms by altering gut microbiota and reducing aromatic amino acids [J]. Biomed Pharmacother, 2020, 131: 110669.
[5]
Zhang Y, Gu Y, Ren H, et al. Gut microbiome-related effects of berberine and probiotics on type 2 diabetes (the PREMOTE study) [J]. Nat Commun, 2020, 11: 5015.
[6]
Qin J, Li Y, Cai Z, et al. A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes [J]. Nature, 2012, 490: 55-60.
[7]
Li R, Liang T, Xu L, et al. Protective effect of cinnamon polyphenols against STZ-diabetic mice fed high-sugar, high-fat diet and its underlying mechanism [J]. Food Chem Toxicol, 2013, 51: 419-425.
[8]
Li AL, Ni WW, Zhang QM, et al. Effect of cinnamon essential oil on gut microbiota in the mouse model of dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis [J]. Microbiol Immunol, 2020, 64: 23-32.
[9]
Van Hul M, Geurts L, Plovier H, et al. Reduced obesity, diabetes, and steatosis upon cinnamon and grape pomace are associated with changes in gut microbiota and markers of gut barrier [J]. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 2018, 314: E334-E352.
[10]
Gheibi S, Kashfi K, Ghasemi A. A practical guide for induction of type-2 diabetes in rat: incorporating a high-fat diet and streptozotocin [J]. Biomed Pharmacother, 2017, 95: 605-613.
[11]
Zhang H, Wang X, Wang T, et al. Enhancement of berberine hypoglycemic activity by oligomeric proanthocyanidins [J]. Molecules, 2018, 23: 3318.
[12]
Zou X, Huang W, Lu F, et al. The effects of Jiao-Tai-Wan on sleep, inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity-resistant rats with chronic partial sleep deprivation [J]. BMC Complement Altern Med, 2017, 17: 165.
[13]
Scheithauer TPM, Rampanelli E, Nieuwdorp M, et al. Gut microbiota as a trigger for metabolic inflammation in obesity and type 2 diabetes [J]. Front Immunol, 2020, 11: 571731.
[14]
Tanase DM, Gosav EM, Neculae E, et al. Role of gut microbiota on onset and progression of microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) [J]. Nutrients, 2020, 12: 3719.
[15]
Wang R, Li S, Jia H, et al. Effects of cinnamaldehyde on the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in liver of Salmonella typhimurium-challenged mice [J]. Molecules, 2021, 26: 2309.
[16]
Johnson EL, Heaver SL, Walters WA, et al. Microbiome and metabolic disease: revisiting the bacterial phylum Bacteroidetes [J]. J Mol Med, 2017, 95: 1-8.
[17]
Magne F, Gotteland M, Gauthier L, et al. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio: a relevant marker of gut dysbiosis in obese patients? [J]. Nutrients, 2020, 12: 1474.
[18]
Cao H, Li C, Lei L, et al. Stachyose improves the effects of berberine on glucose metabolism by regulating intestinal microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in spontaneous type 2 diabetic KKAy mice [J]. Front Pharmacol, 2020, 11: 578943.
[19]
Adak A, Khan MR. An insight into gut microbiota and its functionalities [J]. Cell Mol Life Sci, 2019, 76: 473-493.
[20]
Blaak EE, Canfora EE, Theis S, et al. Short chain fatty acids in human gut and metabolic health [J]. Benef Microbes, 2020, 11: 411-455.
[21]
Harach T, Pols TW, Nomura M, et al. TGR5 potentiates GLP-1 secretion in response to anionic exchange resins [J]. Sci Rep, 2012, 2: 430.
[22]
Li F, Jiang C, Krausz KW, et al. Microbiome remodelling leads to inhibition of intestinal farnesoid X receptor signalling and decreased obesity [J]. Nat Commun, 2013, 4: 2384.
2024年第59卷第1期
PDF下载
156
61
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0041
  • 接收时间:2023-01-12
  • 首发时间:2025-11-28
  • 出版时间:2024-01-12
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2023-01-12
  • 修回日期:2023-05-30
基金
作者信息
    1.哈尔滨医科大学, 黑龙江 哈尔滨 150076
    2.国家市场监督管理总局食品评价中心, 北京 100070

通讯作者:

*刘影, Tel: 16603677931, E-mail: ;
赵妍, Tel: 15603666768, E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yxxb/CN/10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0041
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏