Article(id=1201158423632109724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1201158414379479837, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0593, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1683561600000, receivedDateStr=2023-05-09, revisedDate=1690560000000, revisedDateStr=2023-07-29, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764308084637, onlineDateStr=2025-11-28, pubDate=1707667200000, pubDateStr=2024-02-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764308084637, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764308084637, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764308084637, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1201158414379479837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2024', volume='59', issue='2', pageStart='269', pageEnd='492', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764308082432, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764308181123, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1201158828365669286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1201158414379479837, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1201158828365669287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1201158414379479837, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=439, endPage=447, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1201158424097677494, articleId=1201158423632109724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Study on fluvoxamine maleate sustained-release pellets and its compression technology, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this study, fluvoxamine maleate sustained-release pellet system tablets were prepared and were used to evaluate their release behaviors in vitro. Fluvoxamine maleate pellets were prepared using centrifugal-spherization method and coated by fluidized bed as bottom-spray. The multi-unit sustained-release pellets and appropriate excipients for prescription volumes were mixed uniformly and then compressed to tablets. Screening and determining the optimal formulation of drug loaded pellets through L8 (24) Taguchi experiment. Using Minitab software to design a DOE experiment with 24 partial factors, including material temperature, fan speed, atomization pressure, and spray rate to optimize the bottom spray coating process. Taking monostearate glycerol ester with a particle size of 24-40 mesh as the main diluent for tableting to relieve the delamination phenomenon between pellets and excipients during tablet pressing and reduce mechanical damage to the coating film. By examining the powder fluidity indexes such as angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, and Hausner ratio of mixed particles, it was found that the flowability and compressibility are good and suitable for direct compression. Evaluate the basic properties of the sustained-release tablets, investigate the in vitro release behavior and study the release mechanism. The results of in vitro release test showed that the self-made sustained-release tablets could disintegrate into independent pellet units in phosphate buffer at pH 6.8 and release slowly within 24 h, which conformed to the first-order drug release model. The fluvoxamine maleate sustained-release pellet system tablets meet the requirements of preparation design and has a great commercial prospect.

, correspAuthors=Xing-yue ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ming-hui XU, Xing-yue ZHANG, Qiao DONG, Xia ZHAO, Yu-ru BU, Le-zhen CHEN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1201158426308075910, articleId=1201158423632109724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=马来酸氟伏沙明缓释微丸及其压片技术的研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究旨在制备马来酸氟伏沙明微丸缓释片, 并评估其在体外的释药行为。采用离心-滚圆法制备马来酸氟伏沙明载药丸芯, 流化床包衣技术制得缓释微丸, 并将多单元缓释微丸与处方量的辅料混合压制成片。通过L8(24) 田口试验, 筛选并确定载药微丸最佳处方; 使用Minitab将物料温度、风机转速、雾化压力、喷液速率设计成24部分因子的DOE试验以优化底喷包衣工艺; 将24~40目粒径的单硬脂酸甘油酯作为主要稀释剂进行压片以缓解压片时微丸与辅料分层现象并降低包衣膜的机械损伤; 对混合颗粒的休止角、堆密度、振实密度、豪斯纳比等粉体流动性指标进行考察发现其流动性和可压性适合直接压片; 评价缓释片基本性能, 考察体外释放行为, 并研究其释放机制。结果表明, 马来酸氟伏沙明微丸缓释片可以在pH 6.8的磷酸盐缓冲液中崩解成独立的微丸小单元, 并达到24 h缓释的效果, 其释药行为符合一级释药模型。制备的马来酸氟伏沙明微丸缓释片, 符合制剂设计的释放要求, 具有良好的商业前景。

, correspAuthors=张兴跃, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*张兴跃, Tel: 86-532-85906827, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《药学学报》编辑部2024, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=TxG50PUmdHFmTLlKHjKu1g==, magXml=fBQu045YU7ldDVXUzfca8w==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=6Bfgc2kYg73zEkv+GF+PRg==, pdfFileSize=4420113, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=xMHcylsXaoi2JFLtOJ/sKw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=MfwtjZHSK2VQcuJT0X4kkQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

#共同第一作者.

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A: Coating solutions at different concentrations of EC; B: Choice of coating weight gainer. <i>n</i> = 6, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula"><tex-math id="M7">$ \overline{x}\pm s $</tex-math></span> , figureFileSmall=R1rTtnGfzwfgdEbyvrUHYA==, figureFileBig=Gi536RnE9XwXRokQ4fbjJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201189362764571182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201158423632109724, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=HN5ddn6DhNwJYXB4QfhaeA==, figureFileBig=dQeCx87v9ymwfABzPErWyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201189362873623089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201158423632109724, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption= The physical quality indexes. 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FactorLevel
12
APrescriptionFLM∶MCC∶lactose = 4∶5∶1FLM∶MCC = 1∶1
BParticle size30-40 mesh24-30 mesh
CCoating weight gain8%15%
ResponseTargetRange
Y12 h20%< 20%
Y24 h40%20%-50%
Y38 h60%50%-60%
Y424 h85%Maximum
), ArticleFig(id=1201189363511157312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201158423632109724, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

Formulation design of coated pellet. FLM: Fluvoxamine maleate; MCC: Microcrystalline cellulose

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FactorLevel
12
APrescriptionFLM∶MCC∶lactose = 4∶5∶1FLM∶MCC = 1∶1
BParticle size30-40 mesh24-30 mesh
CCoating weight gain8%15%
ResponseTargetRange
Y12 h20%< 20%
Y24 h40%20%-50%
Y38 h60%50%-60%
Y424 h85%Maximum
), ArticleFig(id=1201189363603432003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201158423632109724, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No.FactorResponse variableOverall rating
ABCDY1Y2Y3Y4
1111131.3559.9573.0491.9265.52
2112223.4948.0167.2487.2075.85
3121230.2758.8377.9892.2664.27
4122118.5433.7255.4386.0078.09
5211246.3668.8279.1296.7153.22
6212131.0757.9273.1990.6965.83
7221143.7064.1475.9995.8858.46
8222227.8454.2168.7290.8372.40
K1283.73260.42241.47267.90
K2249.91273.22292.17265.74
R33.8212.8050.702.16
), ArticleFig(id=1201189363695706694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201158423632109724, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=

DOE experimental design table

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No.FactorResponse variableOverall rating
ABCDY1Y2Y3Y4
1111131.3559.9573.0491.9265.52
2112223.4948.0167.2487.2075.85
3121230.2758.8377.9892.2664.27
4122118.5433.7255.4386.0078.09
5211246.3668.8279.1296.7153.22
6212131.0757.9273.1990.6965.83
7221143.7064.1475.9995.8858.46
8222227.8454.2168.7290.8372.40
K1283.73260.42241.47267.90
K2249.91273.22292.17265.74
R33.8212.8050.702.16
), ArticleFig(id=1201189363787981385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201158423632109724, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
FactorLevel
-11
EMaterial temperature/℃3050
FFan speed/r·min-1350550
GAtomization pressure/MPa0.030.06
HSpray rate/mL·min-10.51.5
Response variableTarget scope
Y5Fine powder (≤ 300 μm)$ \le $ 3%
Y6Coarse particles (≥ 800 μm)$ \le $ 3%
), ArticleFig(id=1201189363913810511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201158423632109724, language=CN, label=Table 3, caption=

Factor level table

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FactorLevel
-11
EMaterial temperature/℃3050
FFan speed/r·min-1350550
GAtomization pressure/MPa0.030.06
HSpray rate/mL·min-10.51.5
Response variableTarget scope
Y5Fine powder (≤ 300 μm)$ \le $ 3%
Y6Coarse particles (≥ 800 μm)$ \le $ 3%
), ArticleFig(id=1201189364022862417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201158423632109724, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No.FactorResponse variable
E/℃F /r·min-1G/MPaH /mL·min-1Y5/%Y6/%
1503500.060.50.650.92
2305500.060.51.281.87
3505500.061.51.792.01
4505500.030.51.620.79
5303500.061.50.561.21
6503500.031.50.622.37
7303500.030.50.251.26
8305500.031.51.021.71
), ArticleFig(id=1201189364094165589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201158423632109724, language=CN, label=Table 4, caption=

DOE experimental design table

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No.FactorResponse variable
E/℃F /r·min-1G/MPaH /mL·min-1Y5/%Y6/%
1503500.060.50.650.92
2305500.060.51.281.87
3505500.061.51.792.01
4505500.030.51.620.79
5303500.061.50.561.21
6503500.031.50.622.37
7303500.030.50.251.26
8305500.031.51.021.71
), ArticleFig(id=1201189364178051672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201158423632109724, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ParameterNumeric value
α34.507 ± 0.024
Da/g·cm-30.724 ± 0.003
Dc/g·cm-30.796 ± 0.006
IH1.099 ± 0.002
), ArticleFig(id=1201189364303880794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201158423632109724, language=CN, label=Table 5, caption=

Comprehensive properties and parameters of the sample (n = 3, $ \overline{x} $ ± s). α: Angle of repose; Da: Bulk density; Dc: Tapped density; IH: Hausner ratio

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ParameterNumeric value
α34.507 ± 0.024
Da/g·cm-30.724 ± 0.003
Dc/g·cm-30.796 ± 0.006
IH1.099 ± 0.002
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马来酸氟伏沙明缓释微丸及其压片技术的研究
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许明慧 1, 2, # , 张兴跃 2, *, # , 董乔 1, 2 , 赵峡 1 , 步玉如 2 , 陈乐贞 2
药学学报 | 研究论文 2024,59(2): 439-447
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2024, 59(2): 439-447
马来酸氟伏沙明缓释微丸及其压片技术的研究
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许明慧1, 2, #, 张兴跃2, *, # , 董乔1, 2, 赵峡1, 步玉如2, 陈乐贞2
作者信息
  • 1.中国海洋大学, 山东 青岛 266003
  • 2.青岛海洋生物医药研究院, 山东 青岛 266071

通讯作者:

*张兴跃, Tel: 86-532-85906827, E-mail:
Study on fluvoxamine maleate sustained-release pellets and its compression technology
Ming-hui XU1, 2, Xing-yue ZHANG2, * , Qiao DONG1, 2, Xia ZHAO1, Yu-ru BU2, Le-zhen CHEN2
Affiliations
  • 1. Department of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
  • 2. Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qing Dao, Qingdao 266071, China
出版时间: 2024-02-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0593
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本研究旨在制备马来酸氟伏沙明微丸缓释片, 并评估其在体外的释药行为。采用离心-滚圆法制备马来酸氟伏沙明载药丸芯, 流化床包衣技术制得缓释微丸, 并将多单元缓释微丸与处方量的辅料混合压制成片。通过L8(24) 田口试验, 筛选并确定载药微丸最佳处方; 使用Minitab将物料温度、风机转速、雾化压力、喷液速率设计成24部分因子的DOE试验以优化底喷包衣工艺; 将24~40目粒径的单硬脂酸甘油酯作为主要稀释剂进行压片以缓解压片时微丸与辅料分层现象并降低包衣膜的机械损伤; 对混合颗粒的休止角、堆密度、振实密度、豪斯纳比等粉体流动性指标进行考察发现其流动性和可压性适合直接压片; 评价缓释片基本性能, 考察体外释放行为, 并研究其释放机制。结果表明, 马来酸氟伏沙明微丸缓释片可以在pH 6.8的磷酸盐缓冲液中崩解成独立的微丸小单元, 并达到24 h缓释的效果, 其释药行为符合一级释药模型。制备的马来酸氟伏沙明微丸缓释片, 符合制剂设计的释放要求, 具有良好的商业前景。

马来酸氟伏沙明  /  离心-滚圆法  /  流化床包衣  /  多单元缓释微丸  /  粉体学性质  /  体外释放度

In this study, fluvoxamine maleate sustained-release pellet system tablets were prepared and were used to evaluate their release behaviors in vitro. Fluvoxamine maleate pellets were prepared using centrifugal-spherization method and coated by fluidized bed as bottom-spray. The multi-unit sustained-release pellets and appropriate excipients for prescription volumes were mixed uniformly and then compressed to tablets. Screening and determining the optimal formulation of drug loaded pellets through L8 (24) Taguchi experiment. Using Minitab software to design a DOE experiment with 24 partial factors, including material temperature, fan speed, atomization pressure, and spray rate to optimize the bottom spray coating process. Taking monostearate glycerol ester with a particle size of 24-40 mesh as the main diluent for tableting to relieve the delamination phenomenon between pellets and excipients during tablet pressing and reduce mechanical damage to the coating film. By examining the powder fluidity indexes such as angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, and Hausner ratio of mixed particles, it was found that the flowability and compressibility are good and suitable for direct compression. Evaluate the basic properties of the sustained-release tablets, investigate the in vitro release behavior and study the release mechanism. The results of in vitro release test showed that the self-made sustained-release tablets could disintegrate into independent pellet units in phosphate buffer at pH 6.8 and release slowly within 24 h, which conformed to the first-order drug release model. The fluvoxamine maleate sustained-release pellet system tablets meet the requirements of preparation design and has a great commercial prospect.

fluvoxamine maleate  /  centrifugal-spherization method  /  fluidized bed bottom-spray  /  multi-unit sustained-release pellet  /  micromeritic property  /  in vitro release
许明慧, 张兴跃, 董乔, 赵峡, 步玉如, 陈乐贞. 马来酸氟伏沙明缓释微丸及其压片技术的研究. 药学学报, 2024 , 59 (2) : 439 -447 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0593
Ming-hui XU, Xing-yue ZHANG, Qiao DONG, Xia ZHAO, Yu-ru BU, Le-zhen CHEN. Study on fluvoxamine maleate sustained-release pellets and its compression technology[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2024 , 59 (2) : 439 -447 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0593
氟伏沙明(fluvoxamine)[1]是一种选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂(SSRI) 型的抗抑郁和强迫症治疗用药[2, 3], 其药物形态为马来酸氟伏沙明(fluvoxamine maleate, FLM)。外观呈白色或类白色, 是一种针状结晶性的粉末, 无臭, 易溶于乙醇和氯仿, 在水中的溶解度为略溶, 在乙醚中几乎不溶解, 油水分配系数(Log P) 为3.6。FLM治疗强迫症的作用机制[4]被认为与抑制脑神经细胞的5-羟色胺再摄取有关, 在体外和体内的临床前研究中被证明是血清素再摄取转运体的有效抑制剂。强迫症患者通常需要长期治疗, 然而, 停止药物治疗仍然是强迫症患者管理中的一个重大障碍, 导致大多数病例复发, 即使治疗已经进行了2年以上[5], 当药物治疗没有与认知行为治疗相结合[6]时, 情况尤其如此, 因此, 提高强迫症患者的治疗依从性, 不仅要有实质性的症状缓解, 而且要有更好的药物耐受性和方便的给药方案[7]
将FLM制成微丸缓释片, 与普通片剂或胶囊等单单元制剂相比, 多单元制剂更具优势, 从药效学上看, FLM含药微丸在胃肠道内分布均匀, 可提高药物的生物利用度、减少用药剂量和减轻不良反应, 这种方法可以加速强迫症的治疗反应[8], 并减少维持治疗水平所需的给药频率[9]; 个别微丸制备上的缺陷不影响总体治疗效果, 而且受胃排空影响小, 降低了食物引起的个体差异等。膜控型缓释微丸[10]比骨架型缓释微丸有着更广泛的设计空间, 可以根据不同释放行为灵活设计处方和工艺。微丸压片工艺虽然难度较大, 但比胶囊的体积小、更易吞服。
本研究采用离心滚圆法制备载药微丸, 运用流化床包衣技术制得缓释微丸, 将缓释微丸与处方量的外加辅料混合压制成片, 制备一种口服多单元制剂[11, 12]。对混合颗粒的粉末流体学评价进行重点考察, 包括休止角、堆密度、振实密度、豪斯纳比等指标, 评价缓释片脆碎度、硬度、片重差异等检测指标, 考察体外释放行为, 并研究其释放机制。
仪器  ME2002E型电子天平(上海梅特勒-托利多仪器有限公司); CGC-350型离心造粒包衣机(重庆英格造粒包衣技术有限公司); YK-60型小型颗粒机(湖南吉首市中成制药机械厂); Mini型流化床制粒包衣机(深圳市信宜特科技有限公司); BT-2001激光粒度分布仪(丹东百特仪器有限公司); 药品稳定性试验箱(重庆康诚永生试验设备有限公司); LS-4000UV型药品强光照射试验箱(北京天星科仪科技有限公司); ZP-10A型旋转式压片机(北京新龙立科技有限公司); YD-35型片剂硬度测试仪(天津市精拓仪器科技有限公司); MA35型快速水分测定仪(德国Sartorius公司); PH-400型pH计(上海安莱立思仪器科技有限公司); UV-6000PC型紫外-可见分光光度计(上海元析仪器有限公司); BS-1E振荡培养箱(江苏科析仪器有限公司); BGZ-246型电热鼓风干燥箱(上海博迅医疗生物仪器股份有限公司); RC8MD型溶出仪、ZKT-18F型真空脱气仪、ZS-2E型振实仪(天津市天大天发科技有限公司)。
试药  FLM原料药(山东京卫制药有限公司, 批号: 2208935); 乳糖(江苏道宁药业有限公司, 批号: 20220508); 单硬脂酸甘油酯(上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司, 批号: C14627832); 柠檬酸三乙酯(TEC, 山西锦洋药用辅料有限公司, 批号: 20220612); 聚维酮K30 (PVP, 安徽山河药用辅料股份有限公司, 批号: 20210506); 硬脂酸镁(曲阜市天利药用辅料有限公司, 批号: 20220307); 交联羧甲基纤维素钠(CCNa, 上海风泓药用辅料技术有限公司, 批号: 71120090583); 羧甲基淀粉钠(CMS-Na, 上海昌为医药辅料技术有限公司, 批号: SSG0014069); 微晶纤维素301 (MCC, 批号: 20210361)、磷酸氢钙(批号: 20220506)、乙基纤维素20 mPa·s (EC, 批号: D20220301)、低取代羟丙基纤维素21 (LHPC, 批号: 20210602), 湖州展望药业有限公司; 氢氧化钠(批号: 20221128)、磷酸二氢钾(批号: 20220209)、无水乙醇(批号: 20220323), 国药集团化学试剂有限公司。
含量测定方法  参照2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》(四部) 通则0401“紫外-可见分光光度法”测定FLM含量[13]
原料药(API) 粒度分布  本研究使用激光粒度分布仪对API进行粒度测定。
检测波长的选择  精密称取FLM, 使用pH 6.8磷酸盐缓冲液溶解, 配制成浓度为20 μg·mL-1的对照品溶液, 在190~400 nm的波段内扫描[14], 另按处方比例取各辅料适量, 同法扫描。
释放度测定方法  采用2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》(四部) 通则0931“第一法(篮法)”测定自制缓释微丸及缓释片的体外释放度[15], 以900 mL pH 6.8磷酸盐缓冲液作释放介质, 转速为100 r·min-1, 温度为37 ℃, 取样点设置2、4、6、8、12、18、24 h, 配制25 μg·mL-1的FLM对照品溶液, 按紫外-可见分光光度法测定吸光度值并计算各取样时间点的累积释放度。配浓度梯度为4.0、8.0、16.0、20.0、24.0、28.0、32.0 μg·mL-1的溶液进行线性关系考察; 配制浓度为10.0、25.0、50.0 μg·mL-1的溶液作为高、中、低浓度样品, 进行日内和日间精密度考察; 配制浓度为25.0 μg·mL-1的溶液, 平行6份, 进行重复性试验, 分别于0、2、4、6、8、10、12 h测吸光度值考察溶液稳定性; 分别按照处方量的80%、100%、120%称取各物料, 配制供试品溶液各3份进行回收率考察。
FLM含药微丸制备  取处方量的FLM与处方量填充剂混合后过80目筛, 以水为黏合剂制软材, 于20目网筛的小型颗粒机中挤出小颗粒, 使用离心滚圆法于离心造粒包衣机中制备FLM含药微丸, 转盘转速200~400 r·min-1、鼓风机频率15~25 Hz、雾化压力0.1 MPa、蠕动泵转速10 r·min-1、进风温度65 ℃, 含药微丸于65 ℃的烘箱中干燥, 含水量小于9%, 筛分目标粒径的含药微丸。
FLM微丸缓释包衣  使用80%乙醇配制EC包衣液, 取上述制备的适宜粒径含药微丸, 采用流化床底喷方式将上述包衣液包裹在含药微丸表面, 调整主要工艺参数, 直至达到增重要求。包衣增重按照公式(1) 计算:
$ F=\left[\left(X/Y\right)-1\right]\times 100 $
其中, F为包衣增重, X为丸芯中药物的百分含量, Y为包衣微丸中药物的百分含量。
缓释微丸处方影响因素研究  将含药丸组成、含药丸粒径以及包衣增重分别作为影响因素A、B、C, 采用L8(24) 田口正交表设计, D为空白因子组, 确定处方组成。处方设计的因素水平见表 1表 2, 预设定理想的缓释微丸在2、4、8、24 h的累积释放百分率$ {Q}_{2} $$ {Q}_{4} $$ {Q}_{8} $$ {Q}_{24} $分别为20%、40%、60%、85%, 以缓释微丸在2、4、8、24 h的累积释放百分率为效应值, 以综合评分作为指标[16], 采用Minitab软件分析。综合评分的计算公式(2) 为:
$ Y={Q}_{24}-{\left[{\left({Q}_{2}-20\right)}^{2}+{\left({Q}_{4}-40\right)}^{2}+{\left({Q}_{8}-60\right)}^{2}\right]}^{1/2} $
Y值越高, 药物缓释越接近理想。
底喷缓释包衣工艺优化  本次工艺优化研究基于前述优化后的处方进行。采用流化床技术进行缓释包衣时发现, E (物料温度)、F (风机转速)、G (雾化压力)、H (喷液速率) 对其影响较大, 将其作为输入变量, 设计24部分因子试验以优化底喷包衣工艺[17], 因子及水平见表 3, 试验安排及结果见表 4, 工艺优化研究过程中流化压力均设置为0.05 MPa。
包衣液聚合物含量的影响  将EC配制成浓度分别为2%、4%、6%的包衣液, 并对同一批含药微丸进行包衣, 使包衣增重15%, 对包衣微丸中的药物进行体外释放度考察[18]
包衣增重的选择  配制固含量为4% EC包衣液, 对同一批24~40目的含药微丸进行包衣, 包衣增重分别为8%、10%、12%、14%、16%、18%, 并对包衣微丸中的药物进行体外释放考察[18]
FLM缓释微丸压片  称取用量为37%的单硬脂酸甘油酯(粒径为24~40目)、10%磷酸氢钙、10% CCNa、10% PVP K30、1%硬脂酸镁与32% FLM缓释微丸, 混合均匀后进行压片, 制得片径为18 mm、片重为900 mg、硬度为70 ± 5 N的片剂, 每片含药100 mg, 片剂脆碎度、重量差异检测结果符均合要求, 其中使用与缓释丸粒径相似的单硬脂酸甘油酯不仅可以在一定程度上缓解压片时微丸缓释衣膜的机械损伤, 还有助于与微丸混合均匀, 避免压片过程中分层现象, 使含量均一; 使用疏水性磷酸氢钙有助于减轻单硬脂酸甘油酯压片后之间的黏附力, 加快片剂崩解, 避免影响药物释放, 且磷酸氢钙密度大, 可调节压片颗粒的堆密度, 提高颗粒流动性和可压性, 降低压片分层。
休止角(angle of repose, α)  采用固定底面积法测得, 从直径为10 mm的漏斗上方, 加入10 g待测颗粒, 在其下方堆积成锥体测定锥体高h和半径d, 按公式(3) 计算休止角:
$ \alpha =\mathrm{t}\mathrm{a}{\mathrm{n}}^{-1}\frac{h}{d} $
堆密度(bulk density, Da)  精密称取30 g待测颗粒缓慢加入100 mL量筒中, 读待测颗粒的体积Va, 按公式(4) 计算堆密度:
$ \mathrm{D}\mathrm{a}=\frac{30}{V\mathrm{a}} $
振实密度(tapped density, Dc)  将上述100 mL量筒固定于托架上, 振动次数为1 250次。振动后读取待测颗粒体积(Vc), 按照公式(5) 计算:
$ \mathrm{D}\mathrm{c}=\frac{30}{V\mathrm{c}} $
豪斯纳比(Hausner ratio, IH)  由Da与Dc计算而得, 如公式(6):
$ \mathrm{I}\mathrm{H}=\frac{\mathrm{D}\mathrm{c}}{\mathrm{D}\mathrm{a}} $
吸湿性(hygroscopicity, %H)  在已干燥至恒重的称量瓶底放入厚约1 cm的待测颗粒, 分别在相对湿度为22.51%、32.78%、43.16%、52.89%、75.29%、84.34%、93.58%, 温度为25 ℃条件下静置24 h, 平行测样3次, 计算吸湿百分率。
压片混合颗粒粒度分布  参照2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》(四部) 通则0982“粒度和粒度分布测定方法”中机械筛分法测定混合颗粒的粒度分布。
压片颗粒均匀度检测  参考《化药口服固体制剂混合均匀度和中控剂量单位均匀度研究技术指导原则(试行)》(2022年第19号) 对压片颗粒进行均匀度检测。
混合均匀度  按照处方量称取各辅料与缓释微丸混合, 分别在料斗的不同部位选取3个取样点, 取样量为片重1~3倍, 平行3份, 分别研磨, 测其含量, 计算所有样品的相对标准偏差(RSD)。
振荡后均匀度  使用振荡培养箱放大模拟压片操作时振动场景, 设置其转速为60 r·min-1, 温度为25 ℃, 时间为30 min, 在整个容器的不同部位选取3个取样点, 同法测其含量, 计算所有样品含量的RSD。
崩解剂筛选  按照处方量称样压片, 对三种崩解剂: LHPC-21、CCNa、CMS-Na进行筛选, 参考2020版《中华人民共和国药典》崩解时限检查法(0921) 选择较优崩解剂。
缓释片的物理特性  参考2020版《中华人民共和国药典》脆碎度(0923)、重量差异(0101) 和硬度测定方法[20], 对片剂应进行相应检查。
批间释放均一性  取同一批微丸缓释片6片, 进行释放均一性考察。
工艺重现性  按最优处方制备3批微丸缓释片, 进行工艺重现性考察。
缓释微丸与缓释片的溶出一致性  取FLM缓释微丸和缓释片剂(100 mg规格), 分别进行体外释放度试验, 采用释放相似因子(f2) 法来评价释药曲线间的差异[21], 按公式(7) 计算:
$ {f}_{2}=50\times \mathrm{l}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{g}\ \left\{\right[1+(1/T)\sum\limits_{t=1}^{n}Wt{(Rt-Tt)}^{2}{]}^{-1/2}\times 100\} $
其中, n为取样点的总数, Rt为缓释微丸于t时刻的释放度, Tt为缓释片于t时刻的释放度, Wt为权重因子(本实验Wt为1)。
稳定性考察  取适量FLM微丸缓释片分别放于40 ℃稳定性试验箱、室温25 ℃的相对湿度为75%的干燥器、照度为4 500 ± 500 Lx的强光照射实验箱中, 第0、5、10天取样, 考察片剂的外观、释放度。
FLM微丸缓释片体外释药模型拟合  采用Origin软件对FLM微丸缓释片的体外释放曲线进行拟合, 考察释药机制。
本研究使用激光粒度分布仪对FLM进行粒度测定, 实验结果见图 1A, FLM的Dx(90) 分别是37.91、9.240、2.011 μm。
确定FLM检测波长为245 nm, 辅料不会对主药的测定产生干扰, 如图 1B所示。线性曲线为Y = 0.028 2 X + 0.002 9, (R2 = 0.999 9), 表明FLM在4.0~32.0 µg·mL-1的线性范围内的线性关系良好; 精密度试验中高、中、低浓度的日内RSD分别为0.259%、0.392%、0.741% (n = 6), 日间RSD分别为0.091%、0.351%、0.504% (n = 6), 说明所用仪器精密度良好; 重复性试验吸光度值的RSD = 0.568% (n = 6), 稳定性试验吸光度值RSD = 0.406%, 表明方法重复性良好, 在12 h内溶液较稳定; 各浓度回收率的RSD均小于1% (n = 3), 表明该方法的回收率良好。
以综合评分作为指标, 采用Minitab软件分析。由图 2均值主效应图中线的陡峭程度, 分析出C对释放度的影响较显著。结合表 2可知, 影响药物释放三个因素的顺序由大到小为C > A > B。由综合评分Y值大小可知, 直观分析拟订最优方案为A1B2C2, 即选用含乳糖10%、MCC50%、FLM 40%制备的24~30目的含药丸包衣增重15%, 为了提高药物释放能力及压片选择24~40目微丸进行缓释包衣, 在此基础上对流化床包衣工艺进行优化。
以产生细粉量作为指标, 采用Minitab软件分析, 如图 3。结合Pareto图和半正态图, 可以判断在显著水平α = 0.05情况下, F对细粉有显著影响。由主效应图和交互作用图可得, 四个因素对细粉产生均有正影响; 结合3D曲面图, 可以看出E和F越低细粉产生较低。G和H在其范围内对细粉影响极小。
以产生粗颗粒量作为指标, 采用Minitab软件分析, 如图 4。结合Pareto图和半正态图, 可以判断在显著水α = 0.05情况下, E和H对粗颗粒是显著因子, 且存在交互作用。由主效应图和交互作用图可得, H为0.5 mL·min-1时, E对粗颗粒有负影响, H为1.5 mL·min-1时, E对粗颗粒有正影响, 结合3D曲面图, 可以看出E在40~50 ℃、H在1~1.5 mL·min-1内粗颗粒产生较少。
上述研究表明, 底喷缓释包衣过程影响的关键工艺参数为物料温度、喷液速度和风机转速, 雾化压力在所研究的范围内对响应变量无显著影响。物料温度过高、雾化压力过大会导致缓释材料蒸发过快成细粉, 喷液速度过快会导致微丸粘连产生粗颗粒。结合试验过程出现的问题, 设置流化床包衣参数物料温度为40 ℃, 风机转速为400 r·min-1, 雾化压力为0.03 MPa, 流化压力为0.05 MPa, 喷液速率为1.2 mL·min-1
图 5A所示, EC浓度为2%的药物释放比4%、6%浓度释放速度快, 且在包衣过程中, 浓度过高会造成微丸表面形成粘连, 故以聚合物含量4%为最佳选择。
图 5B可知, 随着缓释包衣增大, 缓释片中FLM的释放速度越慢, 用量为14%时抑制了药物的前期突释, 24 h释放达到85%以上, 释放最为理想。
表 5可知, 混合颗粒堆积性好、流动性好, 均可满足工艺上的要求, 适合直接压片。梯度吸湿增重结果绘制雷达图(图 6A), 相对湿度为75.29%、83.34%、93.58%条件下吸湿均大于3%, 因此压片环境相对湿度应控制在52.89%以下。
图 6B可知, 混合颗粒的粒径主要集中在24~60目。
上中下三个部位取样, 测得结果绘制簇状条形图 6C, RSD均小于3%, 说明在外力的作用下, 各种物料相互混合, 颗粒均匀分布程度较好。
图 6D所示, LHPC-21、CMS-Na、CCNa三种崩解剂相同用量下制备硬度为70 N片剂崩解时限检查, CCNa崩解最优。
按处方制备的不同硬度缓释片的脆碎度及片重差异结果见图 6E, 结果均小于1%, 符合药典标准及规定, 如图 6F所示, 硬度为50 ± 5 N和70 ± 5 N片剂的微丸缓释衣膜几乎未受影响, 硬度为90 ± 5 N的缓释片药物释放较快, 缓释衣膜有破损; 但硬度为45~60 N的微丸缓释片表面有皲裂, 边缘有微丸脱落, 故70 ± 5 N硬度适宜。
6份样品体外释药曲线见图 7A, 结果表明FLM微丸缓释片批内释放均一性良好。三批样品体外释药曲线见图 7B, 结果表明, FLM微丸缓释片工艺重现性良好。
本实验采用释放相似因子(f2) 法评价释药曲线间的差异, f2为90.11, 两制剂中FLM的体外释放曲线一致, 见图 7C
自制片在高温40 ℃、光照4 500 ± 500 Lx条件下放置5天和10天后, 外观、释放度均无明显变化, 结果见图 7DE; 在高湿25 ℃, RH 75%条件下放置5天和10天后, 片剂外观与释放度无明显变化, 如图 7F所示, 2、4 h时间点累积释放量略加快, 提示本制剂应使用防潮包装或者避免在高湿下长期保存。
对药物释放曲线分别用零级释药模型, 一级释药模型, Higuchi释药模型进行拟合, 结果见图 8。由拟合结果可知, FLM释药行为最符合一级释药模型(R2 = 0.992 53)。
本研究制备的FLM微丸缓释片是采用离心-滚圆法制备的一种膜控型缓释多单元制剂, 对具有较强技术难度的FLM微丸缓释片进行了处方工艺的开发, 主要从含药微丸制备、缓释包衣、微丸压片三个方面入手进行处方筛选、工艺优化。制备的FLM微丸缓释片旨在达到24 h缓释效果, 避免了传统缓释制剂的突释效应, 使药物缓释参数更可控。处方工艺稳定可行, 符合制剂设计的释放要求, 可为缓释制剂品种的研发提供技术借鉴, 具有一定的现实意义及良好的商业前景。
致谢:青岛海洋生物医药研究院制剂研发中心平台给予支持; 上海风泓药用辅料技术有限公司馈赠了辅料。
作者贡献: 张兴跃提出实验思路、总体设计; 许明慧负责主要实验操作、数据处理及文章撰写; 董乔、赵峡、步玉如、陈乐贞负责协助实验操作与论文修改工作。
利益冲突: 无任何利益冲突。
  • 山东省自然科学基金资助项目(ZR2021QH081)
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0593
  • 接收时间:2023-05-09
  • 首发时间:2025-11-28
  • 出版时间:2024-02-12
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  • 收稿日期:2023-05-09
  • 修回日期:2023-07-29
基金
山东省自然科学基金资助项目(ZR2021QH081)
作者信息
    1.中国海洋大学, 山东 青岛 266003
    2.青岛海洋生物医药研究院, 山东 青岛 266071

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*张兴跃, Tel: 86-532-85906827, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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