Article(id=1201158422201851979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1201158414379479837, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0518, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1682524800000, receivedDateStr=2023-04-27, revisedDate=1693756800000, revisedDateStr=2023-09-04, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764308084297, onlineDateStr=2025-11-28, pubDate=1707667200000, pubDateStr=2024-02-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764308084297, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764308084297, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764308084297, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1201158414379479837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2024', volume='59', issue='2', pageStart='269', pageEnd='492', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764308082432, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764308181123, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1201158828365669286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1201158414379479837, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1201158828365669287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1201158414379479837, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=476, endPage=481, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1201158423124598900, articleId=1201158422201851979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Analysis of phenotype formation mechanism of a new variety of Lonicera japonica Flos "Huajin 6" at long bud stage, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Based on the long bud stage phenotype of a new Lonicera japonica Flos variety "Huajin 6", using "Huajin 6" and "Da Mao Hua" as materials, probing the mechanism of its phenotype formation. Detection of endogenous Jasmonic acid hormones (JAs) content; the genes related to jasmonic acid (JA) synthesis were identified by transcriptome analysis of Lonicera japonica; flower buds and flowers of "Huajin 6" and "Da Mao Hua" were collected at different periods, and the qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time PCR) technique was used to analyze the trend of the expression of synthesis-related enzyme genes in Lonicera japonica Flos during the bud stage. The study found that the content of JAs in "Huajin 6" Lonicera japonica Flos was significantly lower than that in "Da Mao Hua"; applying exogenous methyl-jasmonate (MeJA) to "Huajin 6" can restore its flowering phenotype, making it close to wild type Lonicera japonica Flos; there are significant differences in the expression of two allene oxide synthase genes (AOS), three lipoxygenase genes (LOX), and two allene oxide cyclase genes (AOC) in the flowers and buds of "Huajin 6" and "Da Mao Hua" at different periods. It is hypothesized that the low expression of JA synthesis-related enzyme genes in " Huajin 6" leads to the blockage of JA synthesis, which causes the formation of the long bud phenotype. This study laid a certain foundation for the genetic breeding of Lonicera japonica, provided a new idea for the improvement of Lonicera japonica varieties, and provided a reference for the study of JAs in plant flower organs.

, correspAuthors=Hai-yan LIU, Gao-bin PU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Run-zhu LI, Cong-lian LIANG, Zhen-hua LIU, Jia LI, Yong-qing ZHANG, Hai-yan LIU, Gao-bin PU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1201158425439854890, articleId=1201158422201851979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=金银花新品种“华金6号”长蕾期表型形成机制解析, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

围绕金银花新品种“华金6号”长蕾期表型, 以“华金6号”及“大毛花”为材料, 探究其表型形成机制。检测内源茉莉酸类植物激素(jasmonic acid hormones, JAs) 含量; 对忍冬进行转录组分析, 确定与茉莉酸(jasmonic acid, JA) 合成相关基因; 采集不同时期“华金6号”及“大毛花”的花蕾及花, 利用qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time PCR) 技术, 分析合成相关酶基因在金银花花蕾期表达量的变化趋势。研究发现“华金6号”金银花中JAs含量显著低于“大毛花”; 对“华金6号”喷施外源茉莉酸甲酯(methyl-jasmonate, MeJA) 可以恢复其开花表型, 使其趋近于“大毛花”; 2个丙二烯氧化物合酶基因(allene oxide synthase, AOS)、3个脂氧合酶基因(lipoxygenase, LOX) 及2个丙二烯环氧化酶基因(allene oxide cyclase, AOC) 在“华金6号”和“大毛花”不同时期花及花蕾中的表达量具有显著差异。推测JA合成相关酶基因在“华金6号”中的低表达导致JA合成受阻, 从而引起长蕾期表型的形成。本研究为忍冬的遗传育种奠定了一定的基础, 为忍冬品种改良提供新思路, 为JAs在植物花器官方面的研究提供参考。

, correspAuthors=刘海燕, 蒲高斌, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*刘海燕, E-mail: ;
蒲高斌, E-mail:
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MeJA: Methyl-jasmonate; A: <i>Lonicera japonica</i> Flos of "Huajin 6" without MeJA spraying; B: <i>Lonicera japonica</i> Flos of "Huajin 6" with MeJA spraying , figureFileSmall=l2RUwuKJK3U1ikbNP6MgvQ==, figureFileBig=IXiiltp2VelvjsMPOBinpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201158430330413706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201158422201851979, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=wzXVR6aTuDnmLsiuwwSlog==, figureFileBig=a1yTc0vpiSSnYd3sOQxRJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201158430414299793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201158422201851979, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Flower buds and flowers of H6 and DMH at different periods. H6: Huajin 6; DMH: Da Mao Hua; 1: Rice bud stage; 2: Three green stage; 3: Two white stage; 4: Big white stage; 5: H6 development 5 days big white stage and DMH silver flower stage; 6: H6 development 10 days big white stage and DMH golden flower stage , figureFileSmall=wzXVR6aTuDnmLsiuwwSlog==, figureFileBig=a1yTc0vpiSSnYd3sOQxRJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201158430527546010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201158422201851979, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=rzwPHoIsinxt9HGWfpNzlQ==, figureFileBig=+LmpzsVFqeXQ0p3pvh3XFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201158430619820701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201158422201851979, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= H6 after MeJA spraying. The same plant H6, the left branch was sprayed with MeJA, and the right branch was not sprayed with MeJA , figureFileSmall=rzwPHoIsinxt9HGWfpNzlQ==, figureFileBig=+LmpzsVFqeXQ0p3pvh3XFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201158430733066916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201158422201851979, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=JVxEe3C6EvSpU7mpOJSv2g==, figureFileBig=HmyExkyjJcXPHAjGZKWMdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201158430850507434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201158422201851979, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= Content of JAs in flower buds at different periods in H6 and DMH. 1: Rice bud stage; 2: Three green stage; 3: Two white stage; 4: Big white stage; 5: H6 development 5 days big white stage and DMH silver flower stage. A, B, C, D: OPDA (A), JA (B), JA-Ile (C) and MeJA (D) contents in the first five periods of flower buds of H6 and DMH, OPDA: 12-Oxophytodienoic acid; JA: Jasmonic acid; JA-Ile: Jasmonic acid-isoleucine. <i>n</i> = 3, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula"><tex-math id="M1">$ \overline{x} $</tex-math></span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001, <sup>****</sup><i>P</i> < 0.000 1 , figureFileSmall=JVxEe3C6EvSpU7mpOJSv2g==, figureFileBig=HmyExkyjJcXPHAjGZKWMdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201158430993113777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201158422201851979, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=xljb1ckkB1TUvp/wZqVbtA==, figureFileBig=y8pJ0T6PEHu576Poq2l+nA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201158431118942901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201158422201851979, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= Heat map of differentially expressed genes related to JA synthesis in different flower developmental periods between H6 and DMH , figureFileSmall=xljb1ckkB1TUvp/wZqVbtA==, figureFileBig=y8pJ0T6PEHu576Poq2l+nA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201158431219606201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201158422201851979, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=bDep6iiH77RAQcGxyV+14w==, figureFileBig=tZuvHQ20+kOyKc5274yzlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201158431370601151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201158422201851979, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption= Expression of <i>AOS</i>, <i>AOC</i> and <i>LOX</i> in <i>Lonicera japonica</i> Flos of H6, DMH and H6 sprayed with MeJA in different periods. H6+MeJA: <i>Lonicera japonica</i> Flos of H6 with MeJA spraying. <i>n</i> = 3, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula"><tex-math id="M2">$ \overline{x} $</tex-math></span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>****</sup><i>P</i> < 0.000 1 <i>vs</i> DMH; <sup>^</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>^^</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>^^^</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001, <sup>^^^^</sup><i>P</i> < 0.000 1 <i>vs</i> H6+MeJA , figureFileSmall=bDep6iiH77RAQcGxyV+14w==, figureFileBig=tZuvHQ20+kOyKc5274yzlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201158431483847365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201158422201851979, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GenePrimer sequence (5′-3′)
ActinF: GGATGCTTATGTCGGTGATGAAG
R: TGTTGGCTTTAGGGTTGAGAGG
AOS-1F: TGAAATGGATCGGACGTGCT
R: TGTTACTTTGCCGCCGTTTG
AOS-4F: TCAAACCACTACCAGGCGAC
R: ATCCGAGGCAATGAAGGGTC
LOX-1F: CCAGTACACTTACGCGGGTT
R: TTGAATCCTCGTCTGTGGGG
LOX-2F: ACAGTGACCAACAAGCACCA
R: GGTGGCGTCTCATTGGGTAG
LOX-3F: GGAGGGGACAACAGCAAGAT
R: TGACACCCGCAAAGAAAGGT
AOC-1F: AACTGGTGGAAAGCAAAGCC
R: GTCTCGCTCGTTCATCTCGT
AOC-2F: AGTGATGGAGGGGTCCGTTA
R: GTTCCAGGCACGAAGGCTTA
), ArticleFig(id=1201158431571927752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201158422201851979, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

Gene-specific primer sequences. AOS: Allene oxide synthase; AOC: Allene oxide cyclase; LOX: Lipoxygenase

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GenePrimer sequence (5′-3′)
ActinF: GGATGCTTATGTCGGTGATGAAG
R: TGTTGGCTTTAGGGTTGAGAGG
AOS-1F: TGAAATGGATCGGACGTGCT
R: TGTTACTTTGCCGCCGTTTG
AOS-4F: TCAAACCACTACCAGGCGAC
R: ATCCGAGGCAATGAAGGGTC
LOX-1F: CCAGTACACTTACGCGGGTT
R: TTGAATCCTCGTCTGTGGGG
LOX-2F: ACAGTGACCAACAAGCACCA
R: GGTGGCGTCTCATTGGGTAG
LOX-3F: GGAGGGGACAACAGCAAGAT
R: TGACACCCGCAAAGAAAGGT
AOC-1F: AACTGGTGGAAAGCAAAGCC
R: GTCTCGCTCGTTCATCTCGT
AOC-2F: AGTGATGGAGGGGTCCGTTA
R: GTTCCAGGCACGAAGGCTTA
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金银花新品种“华金6号”长蕾期表型形成机制解析
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李润竹 1 , 梁从莲 1 , 刘振华 1, 2 , 李佳 1, 2 , 张永清 1, 2 , 刘海燕 3, * , 蒲高斌 1, 2, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2024,59(2): 476-481
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2024, 59(2): 476-481
金银花新品种“华金6号”长蕾期表型形成机制解析
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李润竹1, 梁从莲1, 刘振华1, 2, 李佳1, 2, 张永清1, 2, 刘海燕3, * , 蒲高斌1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1.山东中医药大学药学院, 山东 济南 250355
  • 2.山东省中药质量控制与全产业链建设协同创新中心, 山东 济南 250355
  • 3.平邑县林业发展中心, 山东 临沂 273300

通讯作者:

*刘海燕, E-mail: ;
蒲高斌, E-mail:
Analysis of phenotype formation mechanism of a new variety of Lonicera japonica Flos "Huajin 6" at long bud stage
Run-zhu LI1, Cong-lian LIANG1, Zhen-hua LIU1, 2, Jia LI1, 2, Yong-qing ZHANG1, 2, Hai-yan LIU3, * , Gao-bin PU1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
  • 2. Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Control and Construction of the Whole Industrial Chain of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
  • 3. Forestry Development Center of Pingyi County, Linyi 273300, China
出版时间: 2024-02-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0518
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围绕金银花新品种“华金6号”长蕾期表型, 以“华金6号”及“大毛花”为材料, 探究其表型形成机制。检测内源茉莉酸类植物激素(jasmonic acid hormones, JAs) 含量; 对忍冬进行转录组分析, 确定与茉莉酸(jasmonic acid, JA) 合成相关基因; 采集不同时期“华金6号”及“大毛花”的花蕾及花, 利用qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time PCR) 技术, 分析合成相关酶基因在金银花花蕾期表达量的变化趋势。研究发现“华金6号”金银花中JAs含量显著低于“大毛花”; 对“华金6号”喷施外源茉莉酸甲酯(methyl-jasmonate, MeJA) 可以恢复其开花表型, 使其趋近于“大毛花”; 2个丙二烯氧化物合酶基因(allene oxide synthase, AOS)、3个脂氧合酶基因(lipoxygenase, LOX) 及2个丙二烯环氧化酶基因(allene oxide cyclase, AOC) 在“华金6号”和“大毛花”不同时期花及花蕾中的表达量具有显著差异。推测JA合成相关酶基因在“华金6号”中的低表达导致JA合成受阻, 从而引起长蕾期表型的形成。本研究为忍冬的遗传育种奠定了一定的基础, 为忍冬品种改良提供新思路, 为JAs在植物花器官方面的研究提供参考。

华金6号  /  金银花  /  茉莉酸  /  生物合成

Based on the long bud stage phenotype of a new Lonicera japonica Flos variety "Huajin 6", using "Huajin 6" and "Da Mao Hua" as materials, probing the mechanism of its phenotype formation. Detection of endogenous Jasmonic acid hormones (JAs) content; the genes related to jasmonic acid (JA) synthesis were identified by transcriptome analysis of Lonicera japonica; flower buds and flowers of "Huajin 6" and "Da Mao Hua" were collected at different periods, and the qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time PCR) technique was used to analyze the trend of the expression of synthesis-related enzyme genes in Lonicera japonica Flos during the bud stage. The study found that the content of JAs in "Huajin 6" Lonicera japonica Flos was significantly lower than that in "Da Mao Hua"; applying exogenous methyl-jasmonate (MeJA) to "Huajin 6" can restore its flowering phenotype, making it close to wild type Lonicera japonica Flos; there are significant differences in the expression of two allene oxide synthase genes (AOS), three lipoxygenase genes (LOX), and two allene oxide cyclase genes (AOC) in the flowers and buds of "Huajin 6" and "Da Mao Hua" at different periods. It is hypothesized that the low expression of JA synthesis-related enzyme genes in " Huajin 6" leads to the blockage of JA synthesis, which causes the formation of the long bud phenotype. This study laid a certain foundation for the genetic breeding of Lonicera japonica, provided a new idea for the improvement of Lonicera japonica varieties, and provided a reference for the study of JAs in plant flower organs.

Huajin 6  /  Lonicera japonica Flos  /  jasmonic acid  /  biosynthesis
李润竹, 梁从莲, 刘振华, 李佳, 张永清, 刘海燕, 蒲高斌. 金银花新品种“华金6号”长蕾期表型形成机制解析. 药学学报, 2024 , 59 (2) : 476 -481 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0518
Run-zhu LI, Cong-lian LIANG, Zhen-hua LIU, Jia LI, Yong-qing ZHANG, Hai-yan LIU, Gao-bin PU. Analysis of phenotype formation mechanism of a new variety of Lonicera japonica Flos "Huajin 6" at long bud stage[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2024 , 59 (2) : 476 -481 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0518
金银花为忍冬科忍冬属植物忍冬(Lonicera japonica Thunb.) 的干燥花蕾或带初开的花, 忍冬花蕾按发育时期, 可以划分为米蕾、三青、二白、大白、银花、金花6个时期, 以三青至大白期花蕾入药较佳[1, 2]。目前金银花的采摘主要还是靠人工完成, 而传统金银花品种花期不一致, 三青至大白期持续时间短, 严重影响了采摘效率, 致使采摘成本逐年增加, 成为制约金银花产业发展的瓶颈因素。“华金6号”是课题组在长期定向选育的基础上获得的花蕾延迟开放型的金银花新品种, 该品种花蕾期长, 无银花期, 少有开放, 适宜集中采收, 采摘成本大幅降低, 为金银花育种提供了很好的材料和方向[3-5]。然而, 目前有关忍冬属植物花蕾延迟开放表型的研究尚未见报道。
茉莉酸(jasmonic acid, JA) 和12-氧代植物二烯酸(12-oxophytodienoic acid, OPDA), 茉莉酸甲酯(methyl-jasmonate, MeJA)、茉莉酸异亮氨酸(jasmonic acid-isoleucine, JA-Ile) 等衍生物, 统称为茉莉酸类植物激素(jasmonic acid hormones, JAs)[6-8]。JAs的生物合成和信号传导与植物花器官发育的调控密切相关[9], 研究表明, MeJA对水稻[10, 11]、高粱[12]、苏丹草[12]、小麦[13]、黑麦草[14]等禾本科植物颖花的开放均表现出不同程度的诱导作用; MeJA对不同类型谷子不育系均具有一定的促进效应, 对谷子、水稻雄性不育系颖花的开放具有更强烈的诱导效应[15, 16]; JA在花的发育中起到调节花丝伸长、雄蕊发育、花药的发育和开裂等作用, 外源施加JA能够恢复JAs合成突变体表现出的花药延迟开裂、花粉粒不育及花延迟开放等缺陷, 调控花期[17]
“华金6号”金银花是课题组从“大毛花”群体中发现的一个突变体, 其花蕾期达14天(图 1A)。该突变体表型是否与JA合成不足有关呢?为此, 作者尝试对“华金6号”大白期花蕾外源施加MeJA, 发现其花蕾得以正常开放(图 1B)。为进一步解析“华金6号”长蕾期表型的形成机制, 本研究拟通过对“华金6号”以及能正常开花的“大毛花”品种进行开花表型、JAs含量及其相关合成基因表达水平的系统比较, 以探究调控其优良性状表型的成因, 为忍冬遗传育种改良奠定基础。
植物材料  “华金6号”和“大毛花”于2022年5月采摘于山东中医药大学药用植物园, 采取米蕾期、三青期、二白期、大白期的花蕾(图 2, 1~4), 以及银花期和金花期的花(未处理的“华金6号”缺少银花期和金花期, 分别对应采摘发育5天和10天左右的大白期的花蕾, 图 2, 5及6), 采摘后立即放入液氮中速冻, 保存于-80 ℃冰箱中, 每组材料三次生物学重复。经山东中医药大学张永清教授鉴定为忍冬科忍冬属植物忍冬Lonicera japonica Thunb.的花蕾及花。
试剂  MeJA (95%) 购自北京索莱宝科技有限公司, 生产批号No.328W032; 无水乙醇(分析纯) 购自天津市富宇精细化工有限公司。
MeJA处理  取0.225 mL MeJA, 加4.775 mL无水乙醇, 配置成200 μmol·mL-1的MeJA溶液。将1 mL MeJA溶液用蒸馏水稀释定容至500 mL, 稀释终浓度400 μmol·L-1, 选取3株长势一致的“华金6号”植株, 每3天进行一次喷施处理, 花蕾用于激素含量及相关酶基因定量实验。另选3株长势一致的“华金6号”, 每株只对一半的枝条进行MeJA处理, 用于拍照对比。
JAs含量测定样本处理  将超低温保存的样品使用研磨机研磨至粉末状, 称取50 mg, 放入100 ng·mL-1内标混合液, 1 mL甲醇-水-甲酸(15∶4∶1) 提取剂, 混匀。涡旋10 min, 于4 ℃, 12 000 r·min-1条件下, 离心5 min, 取上清液至新的离心管中进行浓缩, 浓缩后用100 μL 80%甲醇-水溶液复溶, 过0.22 μm滤膜, 置于样品瓶中, 用于LC-MS/MS分析。
定性与定量分析  基于标准品构建MWDB (Metware Database) 数据库, 对质谱检测的数据进行定性分析。利用三重四极杆质谱的多反应监测模式(multiple reaction monitoring, MRM) 完成定量分析。
转录组比较分析  课题组前期对“华金6号”及“大毛花”进行了转录组测序, 在转录组中筛选了与JA合成相关基因LOXAOSAOC, 通过计算比较Fpkm值, 筛选出相关基因。
qRT-PCR分析  使用诺唯赞FastPure Universal Plant Total RNA Isolation Kit试剂盒提取样品总RNA。使用TaKaRa PrimeScript™ RT reagent Kit (Perfect Real Time) 试剂盒反转录合成cDNA。特异性引物的设计使用Primer Premier 5软件, 引物均由铂尚生物技术(上海) 有限公司合成。使用表 1内引物序列采用qRT-PCR方法检测基因的相对表达量。qRT-PCR使用TaKaRa TB Green Premix Ex Taq Ⅱ (Tli RNaseH Plus) 试剂盒, 反应体系为12.5 μL TB Green Premix Ex Taq Ⅱ, 9.5 μL ddH2O, 1μLForward Primer, 1 μL Reverse Primer, 1 μL cDNA, 反应体积25 μL。反应程序: 预变性95 ℃, 180 s; 循环反应(95 ℃, 10 s; 51.5 ℃, 30 s; 72 ℃, 60 s), 39个循环; 溶解曲线阶段(65 ℃, 5 s; 95 ℃)。使用金银花Actin作为内参, 每个样品进行3次生物性重复和3次技术性重复, 相对表达量的计算采用2-∆∆CT方法。
统计分析  用Microsoft Excel 2019软件处理数据, 用GraphPad Prism 8.0作图, 显著性分析使用GraphPad Prism 8.0软件中的two-way ANOVA功能。
图 3所展示的为同一株“华金6号”中喷施及未喷施MeJA的两枝条金银花, 可以看出左边喷施MeJA的“华金6号”金银花已经开放并且进入金花期, 而右边未喷施MeJA的“华金6号”金银花大部分仍处于二白期和大白期, 仅有个别花蕾头部略有开裂, 且花蕾有部分区域变为黄色。
OPDA是茉莉酸合成的直接前体, 从OPDA的含量测定结果来看(图 4A), “华金6号”和“大毛花”中OPDA含量变化趋势相似, 米蕾期至三青期含量上升, 随后含量下降, 到大白期结束下降趋势, OPDA含量再次上升, 在银花期达到一个峰值。值得注意的是, “大毛花”中OPDA的含量在各个时期中均显著高于“华金6号”。
“华金6号”金银花各时期花蕾中JA含量均较低, 在100 ng·mL-1以下, 峰值出现在米蕾期, JA含量为41.669 ng·mL-1 (图 4B)。“大毛花”各时期花蕾中JA含量除米蕾期外, 均显著高于“华金6号”, JA含量从米蕾期开始逐渐升高, 在大白期达到峰值, 含量为409.344 ng·mL-1 (图 4B)。
除米蕾期以外, “华金6号”金银花花蕾中JA-Ile含量均显著低于“大毛花”。“华金6号”中JA-Ile含量在米蕾期到达峰值, 含量为93.248 ng·mL-1。“大毛花”中JA-Ile在大白期到达峰值, 含量为512.222 ng·mL-1 (图 4C)。
“华金6号”和“大毛花”花蕾中MeJA含量的变化趋势相同, 峰值均出现在米蕾期, 随后含量呈下降趋势, “大毛花”中MeJA的含量在各个时期中均高于“华金6号” (图 4D)。
基于对“大毛花”和“华金6号”不同时期样品的转录组测序结果, 利用生物信息学方法和软件, 分析转录组表达情况, 比较两个样本组之间与JA相关表达基因。从图 5可见, AOS-4的表达量前期呈上升趋势, 在“大毛花”银花期的表达量达到峰值且显著高于在“华金6号”大白后期中的表达量, 而到了金花期, 表达量有所下降, 表达水平与“华金6号”相近。AOC-2LOX-1在“大毛花”和“华金6号”中表达趋势一致, 花期中表达量逐渐降低。在银花期及金花期中, “华金6号” LOX-2的表达水平显著低于“大毛花”。另外, LOX-3在两品种花期中保持低表达水平。
“大毛花”及MeJA处理组中AOS-1的表达量在三青期略高于“华金6号”, 三组表达量在二白期水平接近, 整个花期中“大毛花”及MeJA处理组AOS-1表达量波动较大, 大白期后MeJA处理组表达量上升, 而“华金6号”中表达量呈下降趋势(图 6)。AOS-4在“华金6号”中一直处于低表达水平, 喷施MeJA使其表达量从大白期开始有所上升, 但在银花期和金花期仍低于“大毛花”中表达量。
AOC-1在“华金6号”中始终保持低表达水平, 而“大毛花”和MeJA处理组中AOC-1表达量自大白期开始升高, 在银花期达到峰值(图 6)。AOC-2在三组中表达量相近, 在花期中整体呈下降趋势。
LOX-1在“华金6号”和MeJA处理组中表达水平整体呈下降趋势, 峰值出现在米蕾期, 在“大毛花”前四个时期中LOX-1的表达量一直处于低水平, 大白期后骤然升高, 在银花期达到峰值, 随后表达量下降, 水平与大白期前一致(图 6)。“大毛花”中LOX-2自米蕾期起处于低表达水平, 大白期至银花期表达水平骤然升高, 在银花期达到峰值, 随后表达量下降, 而“华金6号”中LOX-2在花蕾各个时期均处于低表达水平, 未见明显峰值, MeJA处理组中LOX-2表达量从大白期开始上升, 峰值出现于金花期, 晚于“大毛花”。“华金6号”和MeJA处理组中LOX-3的表达水平一直低于“大毛花”的, 米蕾至金花期间表达量有小幅波动, 整体没有显著差异。“大毛花”中LOX-3表达量从米蕾期开始整体呈上升趋势, 在金花期达到峰值。
本研究发现对花蕾延迟开放表型金银花新品种“华金6号”喷施外源MeJA, 能够恢复其开花表型, 这表明“华金6号”能够响应JA信号, 具有JAs相关受体。从激素含量测定的结果可以看出, “华金6号”花蕾中JAs的含量在米蕾期过后并没有升高。“华金6号”中JA的含量虽然在米蕾期与野生型中的相近, 但后期“大毛花”中含量升高, 而“华金6号”中JA并没有积累更多, 因此推测, JA的合成在某个阶段受到了阻碍, 影响到了后期JA衍生物的合成, 造成MeJA等能够直接影响金银花开花的植物激素含量水平过低, 不足以调控花蕾开花, 因此应该从JA的上游, 也就是JA合成途径中寻找“华金6号”花蕾延迟开放的原因。同时发现JA合成途径中最后一个前体OPDA在“华金6号”中含量也是显著低于“大毛花”, 说明JA的合成在OPDA合成前已经受阻。
LOXAOSAOC是JA合成途径中的关键酶基因, 参与合成OPDA的前体, 在“华金6号”和“大毛花”的转录组中筛选出了相关基因进行对比, 并进行qRT-PCR测定。结果显示2个AOS基因(AOS-1AOS-4)、3个LOX基因(LOX-1LOX-2LOX-3) 及2个AOC基因(AOC-1AOC-2) 在“华金6号”“大毛花”及MeJA处理组中的表达量具有显著性差异。其中, AOC-2在三组中的表达量较低, 表达水平及趋势相近; LOX-1的表达量在“华金6号”和MeJA处理组间差异不大, 整个花期中始终处于低表达水平, 并且在银花期的表达量均显著低于“大毛花”中的表达量, 推测AOC-2LOX-1不参与调控金银花花蕾开放。另外, 转录组及qRT-PCR结果都显示LOX-3表达量一直处于较低水平。因此推测金银花中参与花开放调控的主要为AOS-1AOS-4LOX-2AOC-1。在“大毛花”中, LOX-2AOC-1自大白期起表达量逐渐上升, 在银花期达到高峰; AOS-4表达量的上升从花蕾二白期开始, 同样在银花期到达表达量高峰, 可以看出JA合成相关酶基因均从花蕾的二白或大白期开始提高表达量, 达到峰值时花蕾开放。说明合成相关酶基因在金银花开花前几天开始表达, 调控JA合成积累, 最终诱导开花。
有研究发现, LOX双突变体顶花发育异常, 其花瓣及萼片不发育, 且雄蕊结构退化, 在其他JA合成相关酶基因突变体中, 如AOSOPR3突变体中也观察到了这种表型[18]。敲除AOS基因的拟南芥突变体的花药和花粉发育缺陷, 表现出严重的雄性不育表型[19], 而花的开放与雄蕊的发育往往是同步的, 由此推测AOS基因的缺失也会导致花开放受阻[20]。另外, “华金6号”最突出的特点就是花蕾在成熟后可保持近15天不开放, 大白期持续时间较其他品种长, 推测AOS-1AOS-4LOX-2AOC-1的低表达导致“华金6号”二白期至大白期花蕾中JA合成受阻, 内源JAs含量过低, 不足以诱导“华金6号”开花, 至于关键酶基因低表达的诱因, 仍待进一步实验验证。
金银花这类以花蕾入药的中药材, 其采摘效率受开花时间的制约, 而外界温度、湿度、光照等条件会限制植物开花时间, 因此, 对能够调控植物开花的激素及相关基因的研究具有重要的实际意义。目前, 关于JAs对花开放调控作用的研究鲜有报道, 本研究为JAs在以花为入药部位的药用植物上的研究提供了新的思路, 为“华金6号”金银花新品种的培育提供了分子标记和基因资源, 对其安全性评价具有重要意义。
作者贡献: 第一作者李润竹负责MeJA处理和取材、qRT-PCR分析及论文撰写; 梁从莲负责激素含量测定及转录组分析; 刘振华、李佳、张永清参与实验材料准备及数据分析; 通讯作者刘海燕与蒲高斌指导选题及实验方案, 对论文进行修改。
利益冲突: 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
  • 山东省重点研发计划(乡村振兴科技创新提振行动计划) 项目(2022TZXD0036)
  • 山东省农业良种工程项目(2021LZGC008)
  • 山东省现代农业产业技术体系中草药创新团队项目(SDAIT-20)
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2024年第59卷第2期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0518
  • 接收时间:2023-04-27
  • 首发时间:2025-11-28
  • 出版时间:2024-02-12
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  • 收稿日期:2023-04-27
  • 修回日期:2023-09-04
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山东省重点研发计划(乡村振兴科技创新提振行动计划) 项目(2022TZXD0036)
山东省农业良种工程项目(2021LZGC008)
山东省现代农业产业技术体系中草药创新团队项目(SDAIT-20)
作者信息
    1.山东中医药大学药学院, 山东 济南 250355
    2.山东省中药质量控制与全产业链建设协同创新中心, 山东 济南 250355
    3.平邑县林业发展中心, 山东 临沂 273300

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蒲高斌, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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