Article(id=1201124480081945108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1201124478286786612, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0777, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1687363200000, receivedDateStr=2023-06-22, revisedDate=1699459200000, revisedDateStr=2023-11-09, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764299991864, onlineDateStr=2025-11-28, pubDate=1710172800000, pubDateStr=2024-03-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764299991864, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764299991864, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764299991864, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1201124478286786612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2024', volume='59', issue='3', pageStart='493', pageEnd='788', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764299991434, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764300490467, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1201126571420639892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1201124478286786612, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1201126571420639893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1201124478286786612, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=704, endPage=712, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1201124480446849560, articleId=1201124480081945108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Based on LC-MS technology explored the metabolomics of Agrimonia pilosa intervening in non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The objective of this study was to analyze the effects on cell viability, apoptosis, and cell cycle of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 cells after intervention with Agrimonia pilosa (AP) and investigate Agrimonia pilosa anti-tumor activity in vitro. Meanwhile, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolomics technology was used to analyze the changes of cellular metabolites and metabolic pathways. The results of this study will provide a theoretical and experimental basis for investigating the mechanism of the effect of Agrimonia pilosa on non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells. The results showed that the cell nucleus of A549 cells crumpled and apoptosis occurred with the increase of drug concentration. The survival rate of the cells decreased, and the inhibition rate reached 21.5% and 91.74% under the low and high dose conditions, respectively. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) content increased (P < 0.05). Metabolomics results showed significant differences in metabolism between groups, thirty-three distinct metabolites including LysoPC(24:0/0:0), LysoPC(17:0/0:0) and PC(O-40:5) were deduced. The pathway enrichment showed that the Agrimonia pilosa plays an anti-tumor role mainly by regulating the metabolism of glycerophosphate and purine in A549 cells, in which the effect on glycerophosphate metabolism pathway was most significant. The results of combined pharmacodynamics suggested that Agrimonia pilosa might induce apoptosis and inhibit the growth of A549 cells by regulating LysoPC(24:0/0:0), LysoPC(17:0/0:0) and PC(O-40:5) metabolites in A549 cells.

, correspAuthors=Ya-juan XU, Wei-fang WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ze-hua TONG, Wen-jun GUO, Han-rui ZOU, Li-wei XU, Ya-juan XU, Wei-fang WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1201124484188168809, articleId=1201124480081945108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=基于LC-MS技术探讨仙鹤草干预非小细胞肺癌A549细胞的代谢组学研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究应用体外细胞实验分析仙鹤草(Agrimonia pilosa, AP) 干预A549细胞后, A549细胞的细胞活力、细胞凋亡、细胞周期的变化, 探讨仙鹤草在体外的抗肿瘤活性, 同时利用液相色谱-质谱(liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, LC-MS) 联用的代谢组学技术分析细胞内代谢物的变化及代谢通路, 为研究仙鹤草治疗非小细胞肺癌A549细胞的作用机制提供理论基础和实验依据。实验结果显示随着仙鹤草药物浓度的增加, A549细胞的细胞核发生皱缩, 出现明显的凋亡现象; 细胞的存活率降低, 在低、高剂量条件下抑制率分别达到21.5%、91.74%; 乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase, LDH) 含量上升(P < 0.05)。代谢组学结果显示两组间代谢差异明显, 推测出LysoPC (24:0/0:0)、LysoPC(17:0/0:0) 和PC(O-40:5) 等33个差异代谢物; 通路富集发现, 中药仙鹤草主要通过调节A549细胞的甘油磷脂代谢、嘌呤代谢等发挥抗肿瘤作用, 其中对甘油磷脂代谢通路的影响最为显著。结合药效结果提示, 仙鹤草有可能通过调节A549细胞内LysoPC(24:0/0:0)、LysoPC(17:0/0:0) 和PC(O-40:5) 代谢物, 诱导细胞凋亡和抑制A549细胞的生长。

, correspAuthors=徐雅娟, 王卫芳, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*徐雅娟, Tel: 86-431-86058690, E-mail: ;
王卫芳, Tel: 13009015698, E-mail:
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Shanghai: Naval Medical University, 2018., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1201124493398859963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201124480081945108, awardId=YDZJ202201ZYTS181, language=CN, fundingSource=吉林省科技发展计划项目吉林省自然科学基金(YDZJ202201ZYTS181), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1201124493583409350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201124480081945108, awardId=202210199026, language=CN, fundingSource=国家级大学生创新创业训练项目(202210199026), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1201124493692461263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201124480081945108, awardId=202210199027, language=CN, fundingSource=国家级大学生创新创业训练项目(202210199027), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1201124493780541653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201124480081945108, awardId=2020053, language=CN, fundingSource=吉林省中医药管理局科研项目(2020053), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1201124484469187187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201124480081945108, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1201124484473381492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201124480081945108, companyId=1201124484469187187, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 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Jilin Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Changchun 130012, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1201124484595016320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201124480081945108, companyId=1201124484578239103, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.吉林省中医药科学院, 吉林 长春 130012)]), AuthorCompany(id=1201124484687291016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201124480081945108, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1201124484695679627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201124480081945108, companyId=1201124484687291016, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1201124484704068235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201124480081945108, companyId=1201124484687291016, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.长春中医药大学附属医院, 吉林 长春 130021)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1201124489896616919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201124480081945108, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=+iOumUJyJ6+lkNFOdhA/CQ==, figureFileBig=sc/JKHVBpIKwFCOckaHl5A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201124489993085923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201124480081945108, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= The effect of <i>Agrimonia pilosa</i> on proliferation of A549 cells was detected by CCK-8 assay. A: Inhibition rate of A549 cells after treatment with various concentrations of <i>Agrimonia pilosa</i> for 24, 48 and 72 h; B: Inhibition rate of A549 cells after treatment with various concentrations of <i>Agrimonia pilosa</i> for 48 h. <i>n</i> = 6, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula"><tex-math id="M2">$ \overline{x} $</tex-math></span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs</i> control group , figureFileSmall=+iOumUJyJ6+lkNFOdhA/CQ==, figureFileBig=sc/JKHVBpIKwFCOckaHl5A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201124490227966976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201124480081945108, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=G9Cj/l5861iocj/3BXxZ8Q==, figureFileBig=QZQJEhIjLEnpHM31SnEW2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201124490353795085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201124480081945108, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= Effect of aqueous extract of <i>Agrimonia pilosa</i> on lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) content of A549 cells supernatant. <i>n</i> = 6, <span class="mag-xml-inline-formula"><tex-math id="M3">$ \overline{x} $</tex-math></span> ± <i>s</i>. <sup>*</sup><i>P</i> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> control group , figureFileSmall=G9Cj/l5861iocj/3BXxZ8Q==, figureFileBig=QZQJEhIjLEnpHM31SnEW2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201124490471235607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201124480081945108, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=efne9V0rFvkhxPMO7HvvPA==, figureFileBig=LWRyeTx6ZHeGjRSOPr4diQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201124491654029351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201124480081945108, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= Effect of <i>Agrimonia pilosa</i> on nucleus morphology of A549 cells (10×10). A: Control; B: 12.5 mg·mL<sup>-1</sup>; C: 25 mg·mL<sup>-1</sup>; D: 50 mg·mL<sup>-1</sup> , figureFileSmall=efne9V0rFvkhxPMO7HvvPA==, figureFileBig=LWRyeTx6ZHeGjRSOPr4diQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201124491800830000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201124480081945108, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=BfjDGJBWcjMVmdKQsFTUtw==, figureFileBig=8uLtVmTXj8YuJwEM/0Sihw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201124491943436346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201124480081945108, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= AO/EB staining for apoptotic cells (10×10). A: Control; B: 12.5 mg·mL<sup>-1</sup>; C: 25 mg·mL<sup>-1</sup>; D: 50 mg·mL<sup>-1</sup> , figureFileSmall=BfjDGJBWcjMVmdKQsFTUtw==, figureFileBig=8uLtVmTXj8YuJwEM/0Sihw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201124492027322435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201124480081945108, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=VDpoHcNGWW12AfJYUFfzoQ==, figureFileBig=Sxg64XdkbxR1WVf4x0N1qg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201124492182511693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201124480081945108, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= Effect of <i>Agrimonia pilosa</i> on the distrbution of A549 cell cycle. A: Control; B: 12.5 mg·mL<sup>-1</sup>; C: 25 mg·mL<sup>-1</sup>; D: 50 mg·mL<sup>-1</sup> , figureFileSmall=VDpoHcNGWW12AfJYUFfzoQ==, figureFileBig=Sxg64XdkbxR1WVf4x0N1qg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201124492278980692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201124480081945108, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=TVCTkVkIzYaAmjaobiv9VA==, figureFileBig=Mv1rqrSR0qXrPjcbmK3mfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201124492388032607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201124480081945108, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption= Results of PCA and TIC. A: PCA results of all samples <i>vs</i> QC samples in positive ion mode; B: PCA results of all samples <i>vs</i> QC samples in negative ion mode; C: TIC results of control group in positive ion mode; D: TIC results of treatment group in positive ion mode; E: TIC results of control group in negative ion mode; F: TIC results of treatment group in negative ion mode , figureFileSmall=TVCTkVkIzYaAmjaobiv9VA==, figureFileBig=Mv1rqrSR0qXrPjcbmK3mfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201124492488695915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201124480081945108, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=+Tzgij8VH95f5wA/ItFXhw==, figureFileBig=nNGELDX3oY2YjDKkPsH3vg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201124492673245311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201124480081945108, language=CN, label=Figure 7, caption= Permutation test results and PLS-DA results in control group <i>vs</i> treatment group (<i>n</i> = 200). A: Permutation test results with positive ions mode; B: Permutation test results with negative ions mode; C: PLS-DA results with positive ion mode; D: PLS-DA results with negative ion mode , figureFileSmall=+Tzgij8VH95f5wA/ItFXhw==, figureFileBig=nNGELDX3oY2YjDKkPsH3vg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201124492790685830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201124480081945108, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=9EPMSXtBBP3BmOQUGLPMpg==, figureFileBig=9mI8KehKrb+t8eCOz9f8mQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201124492920709267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201124480081945108, language=CN, label=Figure 8, caption= Heat map and metabolic pathway analysis. A: The heat map analysis of differential metabolites. Rows: metabolites; Columns: samples. Color key indicates the concentration of metabolites. Blue-violet: lowest; red: highest. B: The metabolic pathway analysis was represented by bubble diagram , figureFileSmall=9EPMSXtBBP3BmOQUGLPMpg==, figureFileBig=9mI8KehKrb+t8eCOz9f8mQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201124493084287134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201124480081945108, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
NOMetaboliteHMDB IDm/zRT/minFold changeVIPESI modeFormulaTrend
1 O-Arachidonoyl ethanolamine HMDB0013655 347.281 9 5.132 35.201 1.962 [M+H]+ C22H37NO2 Up
2 Diethyl oxalpropionate HMDB0032306 243.110 8 1.922 26.983 1.961 [M+H]+ C9H14O5 Up
3 N-Eicosapentaenoyl methionine HMDB0242076 433.261 7 4.467 13.959 1.958 [M+H]+ C25H39NO3S Up
4 N-Palmitoyl tyrosine HMDB0062340 419.306 9 7.526 0.036 1.951 [M+H]+ C25H41NO4 Down
5 N-Stearoyl glutamic acid HMDB0241942 413.313 8 5.709 0.229 1.949 [M+H]+ C23H43NO5 Down
6 LysoPC(24:0/0:0) HMDB0010405 607.458 7 9.175 5.394 1.946 [M+H]+ C32H66NO7P Up
7 N-Stearoyl leucine HMDB0241945 397.354 3 6.579 5.660 1.942 [M+H]+ C24H47NO3 Up
8 N-Eicosapentaenoyl cysteine HMDB0242068 405.235 7 5.330 27.366 1.941 [M+H]+ C23H35NO3S Up
9 9'-Carboxy-gamma-chromanol HMDB0012868 376.261 2 4.557 36.682 1.941 [M+H]+ C23H36O4 Up
10 PE(20:3(6, 8, 11)-OH(5)/Di Me((13, 5)) HMDB0284957 879.594 3 15.893 0.157 1.938 [M+H]+ C49H86NO10P Down
11 13'-Hydroxy-gamma-tocotrienol HMDB0012562 426.313 5 8.557 7.322 1.937 [M+H]+ C28H42O3 Up
12 N-Palmitoyl leucine HMDB0241928 369.324 2 9.305 0.264 1.958 [M+H]+ C22H43NO3 Up
13 Sphingosine (1+) HMDB0062807 299.282 3 5.827 0.293 1.917 [M+H]+ C18H38NO2 Down
14 Deoxyguanosine HMDB0000085 202.580 8 12.957 3.577 1.942 [M+H]+ C10H13N5O4 Down
15 Arachidonoylcholine HMDB0240583 201.163 7 5.473 48.075 1.934 [M+H]+ C25H44NO2 Up
16 LysoPC(17:0/0:0) HMDB0012108 509.348 7 8.516 11.826 1.924 [M+H]+ C25H52NO7P Up
17 5-Dehydroavenasterol HMDB0006852 410.354 9 8.262 12.661 1.946 [M+H]+ C29H46O Up
18 (±)8(9)-EET ethanolamide HMDB0013659 193.158 9 4.130 14.884 1.943 [M+H]+ C22H37NO3 Up
19 Paxilline HMDB0030323 198.127 9 7.649 9.937 1.901 [M+H]+ C27H33NO4 Up
20 Physalin E HMDB0034330 544.191 9 2.923 23.162 1.914 [M+H]+ C28H32O11 Up
21 LysoPS(16:0/0:0) HMDB0240605 497.275 4 6.343 2.926 1.914 [M+H]+ C22H44NO9P Up
22 LysoPE(18:0/0:0) HMDB0011130 481.316 8 7.578 3.720 1.914 [M+H]+ C23H48NO7P Up
23 PC(O-40:5) HMDB0013444 821.636 0 15.89 0.157 1.908 [M+H]+ C48H88NO7P Down
24 S-(Formylmethyl) glutathione HMDB0060507 349.094 1 0.600 0.037 1.905 [M+H]+ C12H19N3O7S Down
25 Oleoyltaurine HMDB0242113 389.259 6 6.824 7.412 1.904 [M+H]+ C20H39NO4S Up
26 PS(PGF1alpha/22:0) HMDB0282973 919.611 0 6.798 8.468 1.901 [M+H]+ C48H90NO13P Up
27 N-Stearoyl tryptophan HMDB0241951 470.347 9 5.233 6.144 1.817 [M-H]- C29H46N2O3 Up
28 LysoPA(i-19:0/0:0) HMDB0114766 452.294 1 5.726 73.428 1.812 [M-H]- C22H45O7P Up
29 LysoPE(O-18:1(1Z)/0:0) HMDB0240598 465.323 6 7.032 4.996 1.804 [M-H]- C23H48NO6P Up
30 N-Stearoyltaurine HMDB0240595 391.276 7 7.809 16.561 1.801 [M-H]- C20H41NO4S Up
31 N-Eicosapentaenoyl proline HMDB0242078 399.274 4 5.919 3.367 1.801 [M-H]- C25H37NO3 Up
32 5'-Carboxy-gamma-chromanol HMDB0012799 306.184 0 5.354 12.849 1.821 [M-H]- C18H26O4 Up
33 1-Stearoylglycerophosphoserine HMDB0061698 525.308 2 7.417 5.065 1.807 [M-H]- C24H48NO9P Up
), ArticleFig(id=1201124493205921959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1201124480081945108, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

The potential biomarkers between control group and treatment group. HMDB: Human metabolome database; VIP: Variable importance in the projection; ESI: Electron spray ionization; RT: Retention time

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
NOMetaboliteHMDB IDm/zRT/minFold changeVIPESI modeFormulaTrend
1 O-Arachidonoyl ethanolamine HMDB0013655 347.281 9 5.132 35.201 1.962 [M+H]+ C22H37NO2 Up
2 Diethyl oxalpropionate HMDB0032306 243.110 8 1.922 26.983 1.961 [M+H]+ C9H14O5 Up
3 N-Eicosapentaenoyl methionine HMDB0242076 433.261 7 4.467 13.959 1.958 [M+H]+ C25H39NO3S Up
4 N-Palmitoyl tyrosine HMDB0062340 419.306 9 7.526 0.036 1.951 [M+H]+ C25H41NO4 Down
5 N-Stearoyl glutamic acid HMDB0241942 413.313 8 5.709 0.229 1.949 [M+H]+ C23H43NO5 Down
6 LysoPC(24:0/0:0) HMDB0010405 607.458 7 9.175 5.394 1.946 [M+H]+ C32H66NO7P Up
7 N-Stearoyl leucine HMDB0241945 397.354 3 6.579 5.660 1.942 [M+H]+ C24H47NO3 Up
8 N-Eicosapentaenoyl cysteine HMDB0242068 405.235 7 5.330 27.366 1.941 [M+H]+ C23H35NO3S Up
9 9'-Carboxy-gamma-chromanol HMDB0012868 376.261 2 4.557 36.682 1.941 [M+H]+ C23H36O4 Up
10 PE(20:3(6, 8, 11)-OH(5)/Di Me((13, 5)) HMDB0284957 879.594 3 15.893 0.157 1.938 [M+H]+ C49H86NO10P Down
11 13'-Hydroxy-gamma-tocotrienol HMDB0012562 426.313 5 8.557 7.322 1.937 [M+H]+ C28H42O3 Up
12 N-Palmitoyl leucine HMDB0241928 369.324 2 9.305 0.264 1.958 [M+H]+ C22H43NO3 Up
13 Sphingosine (1+) HMDB0062807 299.282 3 5.827 0.293 1.917 [M+H]+ C18H38NO2 Down
14 Deoxyguanosine HMDB0000085 202.580 8 12.957 3.577 1.942 [M+H]+ C10H13N5O4 Down
15 Arachidonoylcholine HMDB0240583 201.163 7 5.473 48.075 1.934 [M+H]+ C25H44NO2 Up
16 LysoPC(17:0/0:0) HMDB0012108 509.348 7 8.516 11.826 1.924 [M+H]+ C25H52NO7P Up
17 5-Dehydroavenasterol HMDB0006852 410.354 9 8.262 12.661 1.946 [M+H]+ C29H46O Up
18 (±)8(9)-EET ethanolamide HMDB0013659 193.158 9 4.130 14.884 1.943 [M+H]+ C22H37NO3 Up
19 Paxilline HMDB0030323 198.127 9 7.649 9.937 1.901 [M+H]+ C27H33NO4 Up
20 Physalin E HMDB0034330 544.191 9 2.923 23.162 1.914 [M+H]+ C28H32O11 Up
21 LysoPS(16:0/0:0) HMDB0240605 497.275 4 6.343 2.926 1.914 [M+H]+ C22H44NO9P Up
22 LysoPE(18:0/0:0) HMDB0011130 481.316 8 7.578 3.720 1.914 [M+H]+ C23H48NO7P Up
23 PC(O-40:5) HMDB0013444 821.636 0 15.89 0.157 1.908 [M+H]+ C48H88NO7P Down
24 S-(Formylmethyl) glutathione HMDB0060507 349.094 1 0.600 0.037 1.905 [M+H]+ C12H19N3O7S Down
25 Oleoyltaurine HMDB0242113 389.259 6 6.824 7.412 1.904 [M+H]+ C20H39NO4S Up
26 PS(PGF1alpha/22:0) HMDB0282973 919.611 0 6.798 8.468 1.901 [M+H]+ C48H90NO13P Up
27 N-Stearoyl tryptophan HMDB0241951 470.347 9 5.233 6.144 1.817 [M-H]- C29H46N2O3 Up
28 LysoPA(i-19:0/0:0) HMDB0114766 452.294 1 5.726 73.428 1.812 [M-H]- C22H45O7P Up
29 LysoPE(O-18:1(1Z)/0:0) HMDB0240598 465.323 6 7.032 4.996 1.804 [M-H]- C23H48NO6P Up
30 N-Stearoyltaurine HMDB0240595 391.276 7 7.809 16.561 1.801 [M-H]- C20H41NO4S Up
31 N-Eicosapentaenoyl proline HMDB0242078 399.274 4 5.919 3.367 1.801 [M-H]- C25H37NO3 Up
32 5'-Carboxy-gamma-chromanol HMDB0012799 306.184 0 5.354 12.849 1.821 [M-H]- C18H26O4 Up
33 1-Stearoylglycerophosphoserine HMDB0061698 525.308 2 7.417 5.065 1.807 [M-H]- C24H48NO9P Up
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基于LC-MS技术探讨仙鹤草干预非小细胞肺癌A549细胞的代谢组学研究
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同泽华 1 , 郭文军 1 , 邹瀚锐 1 , 徐丽伟 3 , 徐雅娟 2, * , 王卫芳 1, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2024,59(3): 704-712
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2024, 59(3): 704-712
基于LC-MS技术探讨仙鹤草干预非小细胞肺癌A549细胞的代谢组学研究
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同泽华1, 郭文军1, 邹瀚锐1, 徐丽伟3, 徐雅娟2, * , 王卫芳1, *
作者信息
  • 1.长春中医药大学, 吉林 长春 130117
  • 2.吉林省中医药科学院, 吉林 长春 130012
  • 3.长春中医药大学附属医院, 吉林 长春 130021

通讯作者:

*徐雅娟, Tel: 86-431-86058690, E-mail: ;
王卫芳, Tel: 13009015698, E-mail:
Based on LC-MS technology explored the metabolomics of Agrimonia pilosa intervening in non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells
Ze-hua TONG1, Wen-jun GUO1, Han-rui ZOU1, Li-wei XU3, Ya-juan XU2, * , Wei-fang WANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
  • 2. Jilin Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Changchun 130012, China
  • 3. Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
出版时间: 2024-03-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0777
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本研究应用体外细胞实验分析仙鹤草(Agrimonia pilosa, AP) 干预A549细胞后, A549细胞的细胞活力、细胞凋亡、细胞周期的变化, 探讨仙鹤草在体外的抗肿瘤活性, 同时利用液相色谱-质谱(liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, LC-MS) 联用的代谢组学技术分析细胞内代谢物的变化及代谢通路, 为研究仙鹤草治疗非小细胞肺癌A549细胞的作用机制提供理论基础和实验依据。实验结果显示随着仙鹤草药物浓度的增加, A549细胞的细胞核发生皱缩, 出现明显的凋亡现象; 细胞的存活率降低, 在低、高剂量条件下抑制率分别达到21.5%、91.74%; 乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase, LDH) 含量上升(P < 0.05)。代谢组学结果显示两组间代谢差异明显, 推测出LysoPC (24:0/0:0)、LysoPC(17:0/0:0) 和PC(O-40:5) 等33个差异代谢物; 通路富集发现, 中药仙鹤草主要通过调节A549细胞的甘油磷脂代谢、嘌呤代谢等发挥抗肿瘤作用, 其中对甘油磷脂代谢通路的影响最为显著。结合药效结果提示, 仙鹤草有可能通过调节A549细胞内LysoPC(24:0/0:0)、LysoPC(17:0/0:0) 和PC(O-40:5) 代谢物, 诱导细胞凋亡和抑制A549细胞的生长。

仙鹤草  /  代谢组学  /  A549细胞  /  细胞凋亡  /  细胞周期

The objective of this study was to analyze the effects on cell viability, apoptosis, and cell cycle of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 cells after intervention with Agrimonia pilosa (AP) and investigate Agrimonia pilosa anti-tumor activity in vitro. Meanwhile, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolomics technology was used to analyze the changes of cellular metabolites and metabolic pathways. The results of this study will provide a theoretical and experimental basis for investigating the mechanism of the effect of Agrimonia pilosa on non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells. The results showed that the cell nucleus of A549 cells crumpled and apoptosis occurred with the increase of drug concentration. The survival rate of the cells decreased, and the inhibition rate reached 21.5% and 91.74% under the low and high dose conditions, respectively. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) content increased (P < 0.05). Metabolomics results showed significant differences in metabolism between groups, thirty-three distinct metabolites including LysoPC(24:0/0:0), LysoPC(17:0/0:0) and PC(O-40:5) were deduced. The pathway enrichment showed that the Agrimonia pilosa plays an anti-tumor role mainly by regulating the metabolism of glycerophosphate and purine in A549 cells, in which the effect on glycerophosphate metabolism pathway was most significant. The results of combined pharmacodynamics suggested that Agrimonia pilosa might induce apoptosis and inhibit the growth of A549 cells by regulating LysoPC(24:0/0:0), LysoPC(17:0/0:0) and PC(O-40:5) metabolites in A549 cells.

Agrimonia pilosa  /  metabolomics  /  A549 cell  /  apoptosis  /  cell cycle
同泽华, 郭文军, 邹瀚锐, 徐丽伟, 徐雅娟, 王卫芳. 基于LC-MS技术探讨仙鹤草干预非小细胞肺癌A549细胞的代谢组学研究. 药学学报, 2024 , 59 (3) : 704 -712 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0777
Ze-hua TONG, Wen-jun GUO, Han-rui ZOU, Li-wei XU, Ya-juan XU, Wei-fang WANG. Based on LC-MS technology explored the metabolomics of Agrimonia pilosa intervening in non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2024 , 59 (3) : 704 -712 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0777
非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC) 是常见的肺癌类型之一, 约占所有肺癌的85%以上, 是世界范围内发病率和死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤[1]。目前, 非小细胞肺癌的治疗策略发展迅速, 靶向治疗和免疫治疗取得了较好的疗效, 然而, 随着时间的推移, 这些治疗方式的缺点也会逐渐显现, 因此, 寻找高效、低毒、易获得的治疗方式是非常有必要的, 中医药因其疗效准确、协同作用强、不良反应小等特点广泛应用于肿瘤的治疗中[2]
仙鹤草(Agrimonia pilosa) 是一种常见中药, 为蔷薇科植物龙牙草的地上部分, 别名龙牙草、马鞭草、脱力草等, 其性平、味苦涩, 归心肝经[3, 4]。仙鹤草的药理作用主要有抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化、降糖等, 临床主要应用于各种癌症及出血症的治疗[5]。研究表明, 仙鹤草水提液含有芹菜素、异槲皮苷、仙鹤草酚B等成分[6], 仙鹤草水提液具有抑制多种癌细胞增殖并促进细胞凋亡等作用[7], 但未利用代谢组学手段研究细胞内代谢物的变化与抗肿瘤作用的关系。中药总提物的全成分特点更符合整体效应, 且多成分多靶点在抗肿瘤方面疗效更具有优势。
生物体代谢物的变化是一个动态过程, 代谢组学能够全面反映机体整个代谢途径的变化[8]。借助液质联用技术并结合数据库检索方法对不同生理状态下的小分子进行定性、定量分析, 通过分析内源性代谢物的变化, 识别出潜在的差异代谢物用于评价中药治疗效果, 了解药物药理作用、药效和作用机制[9, 10]。本研究以仙鹤草水提液作用于非小细胞肺癌A549细胞, 将体外细胞实验和LC-MS联用技术结合, 对仙鹤草水提液干预A549细胞的作用机制进行深入研究, 并筛选出差异代谢物, 从代谢组学的角度研究仙鹤草抗肿瘤的作用机制, 为仙鹤草的临床应用提供研究基础和新的线索。
药物和试剂  仙鹤草药材(批号: 220502) 购自于长春市惠通大药房, 产地为河北省安国市中药产业园区; A549细胞系(批号: ZQ0003) 购自于中乔新舟生物科技有限公司; 胰酶细胞消化液(0.25%胰酶, 含酚红) (批号: C0203)、细胞凋亡-Hoechst染色试剂盒(Hoechst Staining Kit) (批号: C0003) 均购自于上海碧云天生物科技有限公司; RPMI-1640培养基(批号: SH30809.01)、PBS (批号: SH30028.02) 均购自于美国Hyclone公司; 胎牛血清(批号: 16000-044) 购自于美国Gibco公司); CCK-8 (Cell Counting Kit-8) (批号: HY-K0301) 购自于美国Med Chem Express (MCE) 公司; 乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase, LDH) 试剂盒(批号: A020-2-2) 购自于南京建成生物工程有限公司; AO/EB双荧光染色试剂盒(批号: R20292) 购自于上海源叶生物科技有限公司; DNA含量检测试剂盒(细胞周期) (批号: CA1510) 购自于北京索莱宝生物科技有限公司; 质谱级甲醇、乙腈及甲酸均购自于美国Fisher Science公司。
实验仪器  Vanquish Duo高效液相色谱仪、Q-Exactive高分辨质谱仪(美国Thermo Fisher Science公司); GL-21M高速冷冻离心机(湖南湘仪实验室仪器开发有限公司); PT-3502自动酶标仪(北京普天新桥技术有限公司); AccuriC6Plus流式细胞仪(美国BD公司); DFC450C型荧光显微镜(德国Leica公司)。
仙鹤草水提液的制备  取中药仙鹤草50 g, 加入约10倍体积的蒸馏水, 煮沸2 h, 再加等量的蒸馏水, 煮沸1 h, 合并两次滤液, 离心10 min (12 000 r·min-1, 4 ℃), 取上清液浓缩至40 mL, 即生药浓度为1.25 g·mL-1。用0.22 μm微孔滤膜过滤除菌, 4 ℃保存。将仙鹤草水提液(1.25 g·mL-1) 用RPMI-1640培养基稀释, 取药物浓度3.125、6.25、12.5、25、50 mg·mL-1处理A549细胞。
细胞培养  待细胞长满80%以上, 取出培养瓶, 弃上清, 用0.25%胰酶进行消化, 离心5 min (1 000 r·min-1, 4 ℃), 离心后弃上清, 加入新鲜完全培养基, 吹打混匀细胞, 将细胞悬液转入新的无菌培养瓶中, 置于积分数5% CO2、37 ℃细胞培养箱中继续培养。
细胞增殖和活力检测  将对数生长期的A549细胞以每毫升5×104个的密度接种于96孔板中(每组设6个复孔, 实验重复3次), 在培养箱孵育24 h, 加入不同浓度仙鹤草提取液(3.125、6.25、12.5、25、50 mg·mL-1) 分别干预24、48、72 h后加入CCK-8试剂, 酶联免疫检测仪检测每孔450 nm处的吸光度值。
细胞上清中LDH含量测定  将对数生长期的A549细胞以每毫升5×104个的密度接种于96孔板中, 在培养箱孵育24 h, 加入不同浓度的仙鹤草提取液进行处理48 h后, 将细胞上清液吸入离心管中, 离心10 min (2 500 r·min-1, 4 ℃), 每组平行6孔, 实验重复3次, 利用LDH试剂盒检测细胞上清中LDH的含量。
细胞凋亡形态学检测与观察  取洁净无菌盖玻片置于6孔板底部, 调整细胞密度为每毫升3×105个, 在培养箱中孵育24 h, 加入不同浓度的药物处理48 h后用固定液于4 ℃下固定30 min; PBS漂洗3次, 加入Hoechst 33258染色液500 μL, 避光染色10 min, 荧光显微镜下观察细胞凋亡变化情况。
吖啶橙/溴化乙啶(acridine orange/ethidium bromise, AO/EB) 双荧光染色检测细胞凋亡  将细胞接种于6孔板中, 调整细胞密度为每毫升3×105个, 在培养箱中孵育24 h, 加入不同浓度的药物处理48 h后, 用PBS清洗2次, 胰酶消化, 计数并调整细胞浓度为每毫升1×106个, 每50 μL细胞悬液中加入AO/EB工作液10 μL, 混合均匀, 室温孵育15 min, 洁净载玻片上滴加10 μL细胞悬液, 轻轻盖上盖玻片, 在荧光显微镜下进行观察。
流式细胞术检测细胞周期  将细胞接种于6孔板中, 调整细胞密度为每毫升1×106个, 在培养箱中孵育24 h, 加入不同浓度的药物处理48 h后, 收集细胞, 离心5 min (1 500 r·min-1, 4 ℃), 调整细胞密度为每毫升1×106个。取1 mL单细胞悬液。离心后, 去除上清, 在细胞中加入70%预冷乙醇500 µL, 4 ℃固定过夜, 染色前用PBS洗去固定液, 细胞沉淀中加入100 µL RNase A溶液, 重悬细胞, 37 ℃水浴30 min。再加入400 µL PI染色液混匀, 4 ℃避光孵育30 min。上机检测, 记录激发波长488 nm处红色荧光。
细胞代谢组学样品制备  取每毫升1×106个细胞培养于培养瓶中, 过夜培养使细胞贴壁, 分为正常组和给药组, 分别给予0、50 mg·mL-1药物处理, 每组6个平行样品。给药48 h后, 用预冷的PBS冲洗3次, 向细胞样本中加入-80 ℃的1 mL冷甲醇-水(4∶1) 溶液淬灭酶促反应。用细胞刮刀将细胞转移至预冷的1.5 mL离心管中, 使用细胞破碎仪破碎细胞(冰上操作), 离心10 min (12 000 r·min-1, 4 ℃) 收集上清转移至新的1.5 mL离心管中, 使用氮吹仪吹干, 将冻干样本用200 µL甲醇溶液复溶, 涡旋溶解, 离心15 min (12 000 r·min-1, 4 ℃), 取60 µL上层溶液转移至玻璃自动进样器小瓶中待测。同时从12个样本中各取15 µL溶液混合来制备QC样本。
代谢组学样品分析方法  色谱条件: 色谱柱为C18 (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.9 μm), 柱温: 50 ℃, 进样量: 5 µL。流动相: 0.1%甲酸水溶液(A)-乙腈(B), 梯度洗脱条件设置为: 2~5 min (25%~55% B); 5~10 min (55%~85% B); 10~12 min (85%~95% B); 12~15 min (95% B); 15~20 min (95%~5% B); 梯度程序: 流速0.2 mL·min-1。自动进样器温度保持在4 ℃。质谱条件: 采集模式为正、负离子模式; 一级扫描范围m/z 100~1 500, 分辨率: 35 000; ESI源条件: 正、负离子模式下的毛细管电压分别为3.5和3.2 kV; 鞘气体流量: 50 Arb; 辅助气体流量: 15 Arb; 吹扫气体流量: 2 Arb; 毛细管温度: 300 ℃。二级扫描范围m/z 100~1 500, 分辨率: 17 500。
数据分析  使用Compound Discover-3.1对原始数据LC-MS数据进行预处理, 得到的数据集包含每个离子峰的保留时间、m/z值和归一化强度等。保存为CSV格式并导入SIMCA14.1软件中, 偏最小二乘判别分析(partial least squares discrimination analysis, PLS-DA) 分析正常组与给药组之间的代谢差异。通过R2YQ2评价PLS-DA是否过拟合。投影值(variable importance in the projection, VIP > 1.5) 的变量初步筛选差异代谢物, 然后通过差异倍数(fold change, FC) 进一步筛选这些差异代谢物(FC > 2或|log2FC| > 1, P < 0.05), 用HMDB (https://www.hmdb.ca/) 数据库相结合比对, 推断差异代谢物。代谢通路分析在MetaboAnalyst5.0 (https://www.metaboanalyst.ca/) 平台完成。
统计学分析  通过Graphpad Prism 9.0软件进行处理, 数据以$ \overline{x} $ ± s表示, 组间比较采用单因素方差分析。P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。
结果表明, 仙鹤草对A549细胞增殖的抑制作用具有时间和浓度依赖性, 当浓度 < 25 mg·mL-1, 作用细胞24 h, 药物对细胞增殖没有明显的抑制作用, 抑制率仅为21.5%; 当浓度 > 25 mg·mL-1时, 随给药时间和浓度增加, 抑制作用逐渐增强(图 1A); 当药物浓度为50 mg·mL-1、作用于48 h时对细胞抑制率最高, 达到91.74% (图 1B)。后续实验选用浓度12.5、25、50 mg·mL-1, 作用时间为48 h。
LDH是一种稳定的细胞质酶, 存在于所有细胞中, 当质膜受损时, LDH迅速释放到培养液上清中, 通过LDH的释放量可以体现药物的作用[11, 12]。与正常组比较, 12.5 mg·mL-1药物给药后LDH变化不明显, 25、50 mg·mL-1药物浓度时, 细胞LDH释放量随药物浓度的升高而升高, 说明药物作用细胞后, A549细胞受损程度增加(图 2)。
Hoechst 33258染料可以与活细胞DNA的AT富集区域的小沟处结合, 从而使细胞核着色。Hoechst 33258染色后发现, 正常组A549细胞呈弱荧光染色, 未见明显细胞核形态改变, 细胞数量较多; 高浓度仙鹤草水提液作用48 h后, A549细胞显示较强烈的蓝色荧光, 荧光数量减少, 细胞核或细胞质内可见浓染致密的蓝色荧光颗粒(图 3)。
AO能透过胞膜完整的细胞, 与双链DNA结合后发出绿色荧光, EB仅能透过胞膜受损的细胞, 嵌入核DNA, 呈橘红色荧光。正常组细胞AO/EB染色后, 细胞膜完整, 细胞核呈均匀的绿色, 经药物处理的细胞, 随着药物浓度增加, 细胞形态发生明显的变化, 细胞发生破碎, 细胞核被染成橘色, 核染色质凝聚或裂解, 呈现出凋亡性死亡。表明仙鹤草水提液对A549细胞有明显的诱导细胞凋亡的作用(图 4)。
细胞周期分布能反映细胞增殖的速度, 采用流式细胞术检测不同浓度的药物处理48 h后的细胞周期变化。结果显示, 与对照组相比, 不同浓度仙鹤草水提液处理A549细胞后, G1期细胞比例明显增加, 而S期和G2期细胞总数明显减少, 说明仙鹤草水提液抑制了细胞周期的进程, 将A549细胞阻滞于G1期(图 5)。
用LC-MS分析正常组和给药组细胞的代谢谱图, 每进样分析4个样品后进样一次质量控制(quality control, QC) 样品, 用于评估仪器稳定性和方法重复性。在校正和标准化后, 将数据导入SIMCA14.1软件中, 进行主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA), 在正离子和负离子的模式下, 观察到QC样品聚集紧密, 表明仪器和方法具有良好的稳定性和重复性(图 6AB)。
采用验证的LC-MS方法对细胞样品进行分析, 在正离子和负离子模式下分别检测到两组总离子流图(total ion current, TIC) (图 6C~F)。各组间色谱图存在微小差异, 直观分析无法获得各组间代谢谱的差异, 故采用多元统计学分析代谢谱。
进行PLS-DA分析, 置换检验得出正离子模式下其R2XR2YQ2值分别为0.355、0.997和0.893 (图 7A), 负离子模式下R2XR2YQ2值分别为0.433、0.994和0.917 (图 7B), 表明所建模型良好, 无过度拟合现象。由PLS-DA可知(图 7CD), 正常组和给药组各样本呈现组内聚集和组间分散的趋势, 说明给药后中药仙鹤草对A549细胞内的代谢物产生了影响。
通过VIP、FC值和P多个标准共同筛选出高标准的差异代谢物。主要通过采用SIMCA14.1软件对数据进行分析, 以VIP > 1.5的条件进行筛选差异代谢物。并通过FC > 2或|log2FC| > 1和P < 0.05进一步筛选出两组间的差异代谢物, 去除了中药成分后共得到33个差异代谢物, 含有类LysoPC(24:0/0:0)、LysoPC(17:0/0:0)、PC(O-40:5) 等。这些代谢物中PC(O-40:5)、PE(20:3(6, 8, 11)-OH(5)/Di Me(13, 5)) 等7个代谢物下调; LysoPC(24:0/0:0)、LysoPC(17:0/0:0)、丙氨酸等26个代谢物上调(表 1)。
为了观察两组间差异代谢物的变化趋势, 根据各差异代谢物的相对含量构建了热图(图 8A), 热图的每一行代表代谢物, 每一列代表样品, 每种代谢物的相对含量以颜色深浅表示, 可以清楚看到样本中代谢物的相对含量差异, 说明仙鹤草水提液影响了A549细胞的代谢。将差异代谢物输入到MetaboAnalyst 5.0数据库中进行代谢通路分析及可视化, 结果显示仙鹤草水提液可能调控A549细胞中甘油磷脂代谢、嘌呤代谢等4条代谢通路(图 8B)。
肿瘤是危害人类健康的主要疾病, 肿瘤的发生机制复杂, 可能涉及到细胞凋亡、细胞周期、代谢、信号转导通路等变化, 而且治疗肿瘤的药物多样, 疗效不同, 仙鹤草具有多种成分, 可参与癌症等多种疾病的治疗, 但作用机制不完全清楚[13]
细胞凋亡是最有名的程序性死亡形式, 主要作为关键的生理机制来限制细胞群的扩张, 以维持组织稳态或去除潜在的有害细胞[14]。细胞凋亡主要有形态特征及生物水平的改变[15]。本研究通过AO/EB染色和Hoechst 33258荧光染色发现随着药物浓度增加, A549细胞逐渐呈现凋亡状态, 细胞被EB染成橘红色, 细胞核破裂, 呈现凋亡性死亡, 细胞核逐渐发生皱缩, 细胞核或细胞质内可见浓染致密的蓝色荧光颗粒, 并伴随着蓝色荧光的凋亡小体, 同时LDH释放量随着药物浓度的升高而升高, 说明当药物达到一定浓度后, 仙鹤草水提液可诱导A549细胞凋亡, 细胞受损, 且呈浓度依赖性。
细胞周期是细胞生长和分裂的协调过程, 细胞周期的紊乱可能会引发癌变。细胞周期包含四个阶段, 即G1期(DNA复制的准备期), G2期(细胞分裂的准备期) 以及S期(DNA合成) 和M期(有丝分裂)[16]。研究发现, 高浓度仙鹤草水提液能使胰腺癌BXPC-3细胞阻滞于G1期, 抑制细胞增殖[17]。本研究中, 不同浓度仙鹤草水提液抑制了细胞周期的进程, 将A549细胞阻滞于G1期。
细胞膜基本结构中含有脂质成分, 可以参与能量供应、调节细胞膜流动性和脂质分子信号等途径[18]。脂质代谢参与细胞生长、增殖、凋亡等细胞过程。脂质代谢异常是恶性肿瘤的重要特征, 肿瘤细胞需要合成大量的脂质来满足各种细胞器的形成和自身特殊的生理需要[19]。甘油磷脂代谢属于脂质代谢, 是与非小细胞肺癌最相关的重要代谢途径[20]。甘油磷脂代谢产生的代谢产物包括磷脂酰胆碱(PC)、溶血磷脂酰胆碱(LysoPC)、磷脂酰丝氨酸(PS) 等。LysoPC作为氧化低密度脂蛋白的主要脂质成分, 调节细胞增殖、肿瘤细胞侵袭和炎症等多种生物过程[21], 其中LysoPC可以通过诱导线粒体功能障碍、改变脂质代谢、增加脂肪酸氧化和重编程ACSL5/PI3K/细胞外信号调节激酶调节的三酰甘油-LysoPC平衡来抑制肺癌细胞增殖[22]。PC是真核细胞膜的主要磷脂成分, 可促进癌细胞的增殖生长, 在癌症疾病中发现PC异常升高[23], 可以区分非小细胞肺癌患者和健康对照人群。在肺癌患者中PC水平紊乱表现为PC(15:0/18:1)、PC(16:1/20:5)、PC(18:0/20:1) 中明显增高。胆碱激酶是PC合成中的关键酶, 在癌变发生期间参与细胞增殖的调节中起关键作用, PC浓度的异常增加可能与胆碱激酶的过表达有关[24, 25]。目前已有其他中药干预A549细胞脂质代谢的研究, 如蒲公英提取物干预A549细胞后PC下调, 这表明蒲公英提取物可能通过干扰脂质代谢影响恶性增殖和细胞膜结构的稳定性[26]; 肺癌荷瘤小鼠血浆中PC(22:5/14:0) 升高, 注射抗肺癌药物后甘油磷脂代谢紊乱得以逆转[27]。在本研究中, 经药物处理后甘油磷脂的代谢LysoPC(17:0/0:0)、LysoPC(24:0/0:0)、PC(O-40:5) 发生显著改变, 表明药物可能通过下调参与PC合成的酶如胆碱激酶, 从而使PC分解增强并干扰脂质代谢, 影响肿瘤细胞的增殖和细胞膜的稳定性, 最终诱导A549细胞增殖和凋亡。
嘌呤是所有生物体最丰富的代谢底物, 是DNA和RNA的重要组成成分, 参与多种生物学过程[28], 能提供必要的能量和辅助因子[29]。嘌呤代谢受损与癌症的进展有关, 能够促进细胞凋亡, 阻滞细胞的增殖。肿瘤细胞中嘌呤代谢生物合成途径和嘌呤代谢的相关酶上调是主要的调控途径[30]。肿瘤细胞中能检测到高浓度的嘌呤代谢物, 许多抗肿瘤药物是通过阻断DNA合成和停止细胞生长发挥治疗癌症的作用[31]。嘌呤代谢产物是肺癌的重要代谢特征, 调节嘌呤代谢是抑制肺癌的重要途径[32, 33]。本研究中, 脱氧鸟苷含量下调, 嘌呤代谢产物受到干扰。提示仙鹤草水提液通过抑制嘌呤代谢途径来抑制A549细胞的增殖和凋亡。代谢组学能够定性定量分析A549细胞内代谢物的变化, 得出细胞内的代谢物与细胞状态的相对关系, 找到与肺癌疾病相关的生物标志物[34]。本研究表明, 仙鹤草水提液可以显著调节A549细胞中LysoPC(24:0/0:0)、LysoPC(17:0/0:0)、PC(O-40:5)、脱氧鸟苷等代谢物, 主要涉及甘油磷脂代谢、嘌呤代谢等代谢通路。
综上所述, 仙鹤草水提液可能通过调节脂质代谢、嘌呤代谢紊乱, 从而抑制A549细胞增殖和促进细胞凋亡。未来会对仙鹤草化学成分、体外抗肿瘤活性、标志物之间的关联进行分析, 同时可在动物水平上, 进一步研究仙鹤草对A549肺癌模型小鼠的治疗潜力, 为临床应用提供理论基础和实验依据。
作者贡献: 王卫芳、徐雅娟负责整体设计、指导实验研究和文章修改; 同泽华负责设计、实验操作、数据处理及文章撰写; 郭文军、邹瀚锐、徐丽伟协助完成实验。
利益冲突: 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
  • 吉林省科技发展计划项目吉林省自然科学基金(YDZJ202201ZYTS181)
  • 国家级大学生创新创业训练项目(202210199026)
  • 国家级大学生创新创业训练项目(202210199027)
  • 吉林省中医药管理局科研项目(2020053)
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2024年第59卷第3期
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-0777
  • 接收时间:2023-06-22
  • 首发时间:2025-11-28
  • 出版时间:2024-03-12
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  • 收稿日期:2023-06-22
  • 修回日期:2023-11-09
基金
吉林省科技发展计划项目吉林省自然科学基金(YDZJ202201ZYTS181)
国家级大学生创新创业训练项目(202210199026)
国家级大学生创新创业训练项目(202210199027)
吉林省中医药管理局科研项目(2020053)
作者信息
    1.长春中医药大学, 吉林 长春 130117
    2.吉林省中医药科学院, 吉林 长春 130012
    3.长春中医药大学附属医院, 吉林 长春 130021

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*徐雅娟, Tel: 86-431-86058690, E-mail: ;
王卫芳, Tel: 13009015698, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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