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Article(id=1200860514835361873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1200860506031518620, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1204, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1698336000000, receivedDateStr=2023-10-27, revisedDate=1707062400000, revisedDateStr=2024-02-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764237057646, onlineDateStr=2025-11-27, pubDate=1715443200000, pubDateStr=2024-05-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764237057646, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764237057646, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764237057646, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1200860506031518620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2024', volume='59', issue='5', pageStart='1101', pageEnd='1508', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764237055547, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764241222263, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200877982563824311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1200860506031518620, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200877982563824312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1200860506031518620, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1467, endPage=1477, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200860517058343123, articleId=1200860514835361873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Identification and expression analysis of flavonoid O-methyltransferase gene family in Polygonum capitatum, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Polygonum capitatum is a characteristic Miao medicine in Guizhou, commonly used in clinical practice to treat gastrointestinal and urinary tract infections. Research has found that it has good antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, and its main active ingredient is flavonoids. Lavonoid O-methyltransferase (FOMT) is a key enzyme for oxymethylation modification of flavonoid compounds. In order to understand the function and properties of FOMT protein in Polygonum capitatum, the transcriptome was sequenced by Illumina HiSeq 4000 high throughput sequencing technology. Then, the obtained transcripts were annotated and analyzed, and the whole genome of the FOMT gene family in Polygon capitalis was mined and identified. A total of 99 298 Unigenes were obtained, of which 71 514 were successfully annotated by the public database. In the genome of Polygonum capitatum, a total of 50 FOMT genes were identified. The phylogenetic tree showed that FOMT genes were divided into two subfamilies: caffeoyl CoA O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT) and caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT). Gene sequence analysis showed that the number of FOMT encoded amino acids ranged from 99 to 1 053 aa, the molecular weight ranged from 11 224.91 to 86 687.42 Da, and the isoelectric point ranged from 4.79 to 9.45. The 50 FOMT family members were hydrophobic proteins. Subcellular localization results showed that 54% of FOMT subfamily CCoAOMT and COMT members were located in cytoplasm and 28% were located in chloroplasts. The FOMT gene was tissue specific and highly expressed in the flowers of Polygonum capitatum, followed by the stems, and the least expressed in the roots. In this study, the FOMT gene family of Polygonum capitatum was identified and analyzed to provide theoretical basis for further study of FOMT function and biosynthesis of methylated flavonoids.

, correspAuthors=Xiang PU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jiang-li LUO, Chang LIU, Xian-fa ZENG, Na-na WU, Xiao-xue WANG, Ying TANG, Xiang PU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1200860522385109611, articleId=1200860514835361873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=头花蓼黄酮类化合物O-甲基转移酶基因家族的鉴定及表达分析, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

头花蓼Polygonum capitatum为贵州特色苗药, 临床常用于治疗胃肠道和泌尿系统感染, 研究发现其具有较好的抑菌抗炎作用, 其主要活性成分为黄酮类化合物。黄酮O-甲基转移酶(flavonoid O-methyltransferase, FOMT) 是黄酮类化合物氧甲基化修饰的关键酶, 为了解头花蓼FOMT蛋白功能及特性, 本研究以头花蓼根、茎、叶、花为材料, 采用Illumina HiSeq 4000高通量测序技术进行转录组测序, 对获得的转录本进行注释分析, 并对头花蓼中FOMT基因家族进行全基因组的挖掘和鉴定。共获得99 298条Unigenes, 其中71 514条被公共数据库成功注释。头花蓼的基因组中, 共鉴定得到50个FOMT基因, 系统发育树显示FOMT基因分为咖啡酰辅酶A O-甲基转移酶(caffeoyl CoA O-methyltransferase, CCoAOMT) 亚家族和咖啡酸O-甲基转移酶(caffeic acid O-methyltransferase, COMT) 亚家族两个亚类。基因序列特征分析显示FOMT编码氨基酸的数目介于99~1 053 aa, 分子质量为11 224.91~86 687.42 Da, 等电点为4.79~9.45, 50个FOMT家族成员均为疏水性蛋白, 亚细胞定位结果显示54%的FOMT亚家族CCoAOMT及COMT成员定位于细胞质, 28%定位于叶绿体。FOMT基因具有组织特异性, 在头花蓼花中高表达, 其次是茎, 在根中表达最低。本研究对头花蓼FOMT基因家族进行鉴定与分析, 为进一步深入研究FOMT功能和甲基化黄酮类化合物的生物合成提供理论依据。

, correspAuthors=蒲翔, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*蒲翔, Tel: 18153114415, E-mail:
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School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
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Intern Med (内科), 2010, 5: 258-259., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1201106660916949549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860514835361873, awardId=82060913, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(82060913), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1201106661164413499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860514835361873, awardId=筑科合同[2021] 43-11号, language=CN, fundingSource=贵阳市科技计划项目(筑科合同[2021] 43-11号), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1201106649508442954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860514835361873, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1201106649529414476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860514835361873, companyId=1201106649508442954, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 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School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1201106649709769563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860514835361873, companyId=1201106649667826517, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.贵州中医药大学基础医学院, 贵州 贵阳 550025)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1201106656378712375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860514835361873, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=6Ds7YzPgft8auKquu2D3Jw==, figureFileBig=IS/9w1i3TXSzsuJSRB492g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201106656676507976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860514835361873, language=CN, label=Figure 1, caption= KOG functional classifications of <i>Polygonum capitatum</i> transcriptome , figureFileSmall=6Ds7YzPgft8auKquu2D3Jw==, figureFileBig=IS/9w1i3TXSzsuJSRB492g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201106656869445974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860514835361873, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=SAjJ0DxLa6m+HODIKKtyyw==, figureFileBig=bn9tws3cp71kxM0rIkp7Wg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201106657024635235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860514835361873, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption= GO functional classifications of <i>Polygonum capitatum</i> transcriptome , figureFileSmall=SAjJ0DxLa6m+HODIKKtyyw==, figureFileBig=bn9tws3cp71kxM0rIkp7Wg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201106657175630186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860514835361873, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=maWce90U2Guy5e9tG2YUIQ==, figureFileBig=vlZ7EFbcKe7Bc87n/Bw1jw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201106658371006836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860514835361873, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption= KEGG functional classifications of <i>Polygonum capitatum</i> transcriptome , figureFileSmall=maWce90U2Guy5e9tG2YUIQ==, figureFileBig=vlZ7EFbcKe7Bc87n/Bw1jw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201106658480058748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860514835361873, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=iT9t0A+j+/L5Ai2hDierKg==, figureFileBig=v8G0cwHU7lL8rgmX6nZluA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201106658647830917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860514835361873, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption= Phylogenetic tree of FOMT (flavonoid <i>O</i>-methyltransferase) gene family of <i>Polygonumc capitatum.</i> CCoAOMT: Caffeoyl CoA <i>O</i>-methyltransferase; COMT: Caffeic acid <i>O</i>-methyltransferase , figureFileSmall=iT9t0A+j+/L5Ai2hDierKg==, figureFileBig=v8G0cwHU7lL8rgmX6nZluA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201106658773660047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860514835361873, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=3UbayE5vcuC0N8nUeeknjA==, figureFileBig=Mu1K/H6jfhlv5lF4qNXfFQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201106658920460698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860514835361873, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption= Gene structure, and distribution of conserved motifs of FOMT proteins in <i>Polygonum capitatum</i> , figureFileSmall=3UbayE5vcuC0N8nUeeknjA==, figureFileBig=Mu1K/H6jfhlv5lF4qNXfFQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201106659075649957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860514835361873, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=4yP6Z+LFsy9L85PrbHx/Tw==, figureFileBig=lJbioYValEpWwRurDk4VMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201106659193090480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860514835361873, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption= Expression pattern of FOMT gene in <i>Polygonum capitatum</i> , figureFileSmall=4yP6Z+LFsy9L85PrbHx/Tw==, figureFileBig=lJbioYValEpWwRurDk4VMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201106659344085438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860514835361873, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=niccArRX4mdAMORMBqkdsA==, figureFileBig=PIQZo4CWyjDX7V+S9qMjLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201106659490886086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860514835361873, language=CN, label=Figure 7, caption= The expression levels of the FOMT genes in different tissues , figureFileSmall=niccArRX4mdAMORMBqkdsA==, figureFileBig=PIQZo4CWyjDX7V+S9qMjLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201106659717378516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860514835361873, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GeneForward primer sequence (5′-3′)Reverse primer sequence (3′-5′)
Reference geneTGACCTCCCCCGTCCTTCCTCCTGACGAGTGGTGCCGAAA
Caffeic acid O-methyltransferase 1 (COMT1)GGATGTCGGGTCTGGATTGAATGGTGATGATGGTGAAGTCGG
O-Methyltransferase 3 (OMT3)GAGCAAAGACCAAGCAAATGAGTTTTATGAGGGTGGATAGGAAGAGCA
O-Methyltransferase 15 (OMT15)GGTTTCTCCCGATCAAGCACAATCGCCATCCCATGTTTCACA
O-Methyltransferase 1 (OMT1)CAAGCAAAGAGGAAAAGGGAGGAGGATCTGTGAGAGGGAGATGGGAGAG
), ArticleFig(id=1201106659935482342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860514835361873, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

Primer sequences of O-methyltransferase genes from Polygonum capitatum

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GeneForward primer sequence (5′-3′)Reverse primer sequence (3′-5′)
Reference geneTGACCTCCCCCGTCCTTCCTCCTGACGAGTGGTGCCGAAA
Caffeic acid O-methyltransferase 1 (COMT1)GGATGTCGGGTCTGGATTGAATGGTGATGATGGTGAAGTCGG
O-Methyltransferase 3 (OMT3)GAGCAAAGACCAAGCAAATGAGTTTTATGAGGGTGGATAGGAAGAGCA
O-Methyltransferase 15 (OMT15)GGTTTCTCCCGATCAAGCACAATCGCCATCCCATGTTTCACA
O-Methyltransferase 1 (OMT1)CAAGCAAAGAGGAAAAGGGAGGAGGATCTGTGAGAGGGAGATGGGAGAG
), ArticleFig(id=1201106660141003246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860514835361873, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SampleClean readsClean base (G)Q20/%Q30/%GC content/%
PCF150 746 0027.6196.3590.3047.22
PCF255 220 8648.2897.0491.7546.79
PCF354 470 3228.1796.7891.1746.38
PCL149 588 1827.4497.3192.3947.45
PCL251 333 8727.7096.6891.0547.49
PCL356 569 9868.4997.3292.4347.02
PCR158 183 5408.7396.9691.5446.01
PCR250 990 1187.6596.6290.8546.28
PCR350 306 6407.5596.8291.2945.72
PCS149 956 2027.4996.9691.6247.17
PCS251 281 6447.6996.7991.2647.38
PCS349 321 5887.4096.4990.6947.86
), ArticleFig(id=1201106660308775418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860514835361873, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=

Transcriptome data output quality

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SampleClean readsClean base (G)Q20/%Q30/%GC content/%
PCF150 746 0027.6196.3590.3047.22
PCF255 220 8648.2897.0491.7546.79
PCF354 470 3228.1796.7891.1746.38
PCL149 588 1827.4497.3192.3947.45
PCL251 333 8727.7096.6891.0547.49
PCL356 569 9868.4997.3292.4347.02
PCR158 183 5408.7396.9691.5446.01
PCR250 990 1187.6596.6290.8546.28
PCR350 306 6407.5596.8291.2945.72
PCS149 956 2027.4996.9691.6247.17
PCS251 281 6447.6996.7991.2647.38
PCS349 321 5887.4096.4990.6947.86
), ArticleFig(id=1201106660422021641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860514835361873, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sequence IDAmino acid lengthMolecular mass/DapIInstability indexAliphatic indexGRAVYSubcellular localization
Cluster-35313.017919 833.925.1531.29102.96-0.082Cyto
Cluster-41670.09911 224.916.5435.89100.40-0.204Cyto
Cluster-41403.424027 104.365.4729.8799.58-0.130Cyto
Cluster-47992.021123 446.925.4032.30101.18-0.094Mito
Cluster-47992.121123 541.116.0633.26106.21-0.027Mito
Cluster-51053.016618 736.586.1736.27102.77-0.096Cyto
Cluster-35313.125829 104.575.6840.6597.13-0.286Cyto
Cluster-40721.025128 279.385.1138.2196.73-0.233Cyto
Cluster-40721.211612 988.704.7935.2686.64-0.352Nucl
Cluster-24941.018620 908.235.3235.66105.91-0.046Cyto
Cluster-25758.018620 712.065.4037.6496.02-0.05Cyto
Cluster-42137.023826 973.945.1335.5996.68-0.199Cyto
Cluster-42137.117619 798.855.2328.1799.15-0.060Cyto
Cluster-53319.022625 715.719.2652.7197.48-0.133Cyto
Cluster-53319.123125 973.999.4350.5699.61-0.195Chlo
Cluster-53319.231535 566.948.9246.0498.98-0.178Chlo
Cluster-53319.322625 715.719.2652.7197.48-0.133Chlo
Cluster-53319.419021 487.039.4553.36102.58-0.057Chlo
Cluster-53319.522625 715.719.2652.7197.48-0.133Chlo
Cluster-53319.622625 715.719.2652.7197.48-0.133Chlo
Cluster-51609.011312 993.205.2817.5692.300.109Cyto
Cluster-51609.213515 303.665.4313.0883.70-0.083Cyto
Cluster-29261.010011 542.345.7121.9574.10-0.358Chlo
Cluster-41577.112914 737.155.2613.8276.36-0.056Cyto
Cluster-51609.128731 481.804.9538.1786.66-0.205Vacu
Cluster-54202.1313915 601.975.5624.1982.73-0.097Cyto
Cluster-35171.333236 900.565.9534.0582.47-0.108Cyto
Cluster-30715.037040 719.215.5324.8693.490.090Cysk
Cluster-32791.025528 080.955.3738.4582.20-0.129Nucl
Cluster-50472.021523 058.915.5930.34106.140.322Chlo
Cluster-50472.133236 038.955.3333.88104.850.178Chlo
Cluster-50472.236039 170.305.4128.56103.170.109Chlo
Cluster-35171.011412 909.086.4927.5788.07-0.059Cyto
Cluster-31061.036439 677.065.3936.2093.760.019Cyto
Cluster-35171.133236 770.295.8033.6183.73-0.039Cyto
Cluster-35171.233236 983.605.3134.5482.80-0.067Cyto
Cluster-35171.436240 000.875.5934.6381.35-0.068Cyto
Cluster-43940.026429 379.755.2432.0992.31-0.026Cyto
Cluster-44637.017418 870.365.2135.8092.59-0.118Cysk
Cluster-11314.032936 335.646.0032.0095.44-0.040Cyto
Cluster-32862.032735 800.195.6531.6991.22-0.033Cyto
Cluster-48392.036039 295.895.2232.9192.640.014Cyto
Cluster-48392.135939 971.855.5841.1486.07-0.068Cyto
Cluster-31361.036239 923.725.3331.0190.25-0.094Cysk
Cluster-48474.236040 593.885.3130.4597.81-0.077Chlo
Cluster-48474.129833 122.756.3428.31107.050.160Chlo, Cyto
Cluster-48474.436342 584.509.3823.4483.72-0.415Cyto
Cluster-48474.536140 478.835.6234.7396.70-0.034Chlo
Cluster-34634.01 05386 687.425.0735.9326.400.706Cyto
Cluster-32838.332534 785.525.2536.4388.55-0.106Chlo
), ArticleFig(id=1201106660585599506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860514835361873, language=CN, label=Table 3, caption=

Information and characteristics of the FOMT gene family in the flavonoid synthesis of Polygonum capitatum. GRAVY: Grand average of hydropathicity

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sequence IDAmino acid lengthMolecular mass/DapIInstability indexAliphatic indexGRAVYSubcellular localization
Cluster-35313.017919 833.925.1531.29102.96-0.082Cyto
Cluster-41670.09911 224.916.5435.89100.40-0.204Cyto
Cluster-41403.424027 104.365.4729.8799.58-0.130Cyto
Cluster-47992.021123 446.925.4032.30101.18-0.094Mito
Cluster-47992.121123 541.116.0633.26106.21-0.027Mito
Cluster-51053.016618 736.586.1736.27102.77-0.096Cyto
Cluster-35313.125829 104.575.6840.6597.13-0.286Cyto
Cluster-40721.025128 279.385.1138.2196.73-0.233Cyto
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头花蓼黄酮类化合物O-甲基转移酶基因家族的鉴定及表达分析
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骆江利 1 , 刘畅 1 , 曾宪法 1 , 吴娜娜 1 , 王小雪 1 , 唐英 2 , 蒲翔 1, 2, *
药学学报 | 研究论文 2024,59(5): 1467-1477
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药学学报 | 研究论文 2024, 59(5): 1467-1477
头花蓼黄酮类化合物O-甲基转移酶基因家族的鉴定及表达分析
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骆江利1, 刘畅1, 曾宪法1, 吴娜娜1, 王小雪1, 唐英2, 蒲翔1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1.贵州中医药大学药学院, 贵州 贵阳 550025
  • 2.贵州中医药大学基础医学院, 贵州 贵阳 550025

通讯作者:

*蒲翔, Tel: 18153114415, E-mail:
Identification and expression analysis of flavonoid O-methyltransferase gene family in Polygonum capitatum
Jiang-li LUO1, Chang LIU1, Xian-fa ZENG1, Na-na WU1, Xiao-xue WANG1, Ying TANG2, Xiang PU1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
  • 2. School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
出版时间: 2024-05-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1204
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摘要
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头花蓼Polygonum capitatum为贵州特色苗药, 临床常用于治疗胃肠道和泌尿系统感染, 研究发现其具有较好的抑菌抗炎作用, 其主要活性成分为黄酮类化合物。黄酮O-甲基转移酶(flavonoid O-methyltransferase, FOMT) 是黄酮类化合物氧甲基化修饰的关键酶, 为了解头花蓼FOMT蛋白功能及特性, 本研究以头花蓼根、茎、叶、花为材料, 采用Illumina HiSeq 4000高通量测序技术进行转录组测序, 对获得的转录本进行注释分析, 并对头花蓼中FOMT基因家族进行全基因组的挖掘和鉴定。共获得99 298条Unigenes, 其中71 514条被公共数据库成功注释。头花蓼的基因组中, 共鉴定得到50个FOMT基因, 系统发育树显示FOMT基因分为咖啡酰辅酶A O-甲基转移酶(caffeoyl CoA O-methyltransferase, CCoAOMT) 亚家族和咖啡酸O-甲基转移酶(caffeic acid O-methyltransferase, COMT) 亚家族两个亚类。基因序列特征分析显示FOMT编码氨基酸的数目介于99~1 053 aa, 分子质量为11 224.91~86 687.42 Da, 等电点为4.79~9.45, 50个FOMT家族成员均为疏水性蛋白, 亚细胞定位结果显示54%的FOMT亚家族CCoAOMT及COMT成员定位于细胞质, 28%定位于叶绿体。FOMT基因具有组织特异性, 在头花蓼花中高表达, 其次是茎, 在根中表达最低。本研究对头花蓼FOMT基因家族进行鉴定与分析, 为进一步深入研究FOMT功能和甲基化黄酮类化合物的生物合成提供理论依据。

头花蓼  /  转录组  /  黄酮类化合物O-甲基转移酶  /  生物信息学  /  表达分析

Polygonum capitatum is a characteristic Miao medicine in Guizhou, commonly used in clinical practice to treat gastrointestinal and urinary tract infections. Research has found that it has good antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, and its main active ingredient is flavonoids. Lavonoid O-methyltransferase (FOMT) is a key enzyme for oxymethylation modification of flavonoid compounds. In order to understand the function and properties of FOMT protein in Polygonum capitatum, the transcriptome was sequenced by Illumina HiSeq 4000 high throughput sequencing technology. Then, the obtained transcripts were annotated and analyzed, and the whole genome of the FOMT gene family in Polygon capitalis was mined and identified. A total of 99 298 Unigenes were obtained, of which 71 514 were successfully annotated by the public database. In the genome of Polygonum capitatum, a total of 50 FOMT genes were identified. The phylogenetic tree showed that FOMT genes were divided into two subfamilies: caffeoyl CoA O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT) and caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT). Gene sequence analysis showed that the number of FOMT encoded amino acids ranged from 99 to 1 053 aa, the molecular weight ranged from 11 224.91 to 86 687.42 Da, and the isoelectric point ranged from 4.79 to 9.45. The 50 FOMT family members were hydrophobic proteins. Subcellular localization results showed that 54% of FOMT subfamily CCoAOMT and COMT members were located in cytoplasm and 28% were located in chloroplasts. The FOMT gene was tissue specific and highly expressed in the flowers of Polygonum capitatum, followed by the stems, and the least expressed in the roots. In this study, the FOMT gene family of Polygonum capitatum was identified and analyzed to provide theoretical basis for further study of FOMT function and biosynthesis of methylated flavonoids.

Polygonum capitatum  /  transcriptome  /  flavonoid O-methyltransferase  /  bioinformatics  /  expression analysis
骆江利, 刘畅, 曾宪法, 吴娜娜, 王小雪, 唐英, 蒲翔. 头花蓼黄酮类化合物O-甲基转移酶基因家族的鉴定及表达分析. 药学学报, 2024 , 59 (5) : 1467 -1477 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1204
Jiang-li LUO, Chang LIU, Xian-fa ZENG, Na-na WU, Xiao-xue WANG, Ying TANG, Xiang PU. Identification and expression analysis of flavonoid O-methyltransferase gene family in Polygonum capitatum[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2024 , 59 (5) : 1467 -1477 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1204
正文
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头花蓼(Polygonum capitatum Buch-Ham. ex D. Don) 为蓼科蓼属多年生草本植物, 药用地上部分或全草, 是少数民族常用药材, 特别是苗族医最为常用。头花蓼味苦、辛, 性凉, 归肾、膀胱经, 具有清热利湿、活血散瘀、利尿通淋功能, 主治痢疾、肾盂肾炎、膀胱炎、尿路结石、盆腔炎、前列腺炎、风湿痛、跌打损伤等[1]。现代研究表明, 头花蓼中主要药效成分为黄酮类化合物, 具有抗炎、抗菌、抗氧化等作用, 且针对泌尿系统疾病有独特疗效[2]。根据文献报道和课题组前期对头花蓼黄酮类化合物的研究表明, 头花蓼黄酮类成分包括槲皮素、槲皮苷、杨梅苷、芦丁、陆地棉苷、5, 7-二羟基色原酮、山柰酚、木犀草素、2″-O-没食子酰基槲皮苷等主要化合物, 还包括槲皮素-3-O-(2″-O-没食子酰基)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷、山柰酚-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷、槲皮素-3-O-(3″-O-没食子酰基)-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷、7-O-(6′-没食子酰基)-β-D-葡萄糖基-5-羟基色原酮、槲皮素-3-O-(6″-O-反式阿魏酰基)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷等多种黄酮类化合物[3-8]。然而目前对于头花蓼中有关黄酮类化合物生物合成、调控机制及调控黄酮类化合物合成的转录因子功能鉴定等方面研究较少。
黄酮类化合物在植物的发育、生长和成熟过程中起关键作用, 可以帮助植物应对各种生物和非生物的压力。例如, 黄酮类化合物的积累可以增强植物对紫外线的耐受性[9], 提高植物抗氧化能力和耐冷性[10], 并有助于其抵御病毒、真菌、细菌和食草动物的伤害, 促使植物适应陆地环境[11]。此外, 黄酮类化合物还能与花青素色素相结合改变花的颜色[12]。黄酮类化合物也具有广泛的生物活性, 如抗氧化、抗炎、镇痛、抗癌、免疫调节、心血管保护、预防慢性疾病等, 具有广阔的食品和药物开发前景[13-16]。黄酮类化合物应用前景广泛, 但由于膳食类黄酮的不稳定性和低生物利用度, 限制其开发利用。
植物中的黄酮类化合物可以通过甲基化、糖基化、酰基化、羟基化和异戊烯基化等多种修饰方式, 实现其结构和功能的多样性[17]。在植物中, 通过甲基化修饰的黄酮类化合物参与多种生理过程, 如细胞壁形成、逆境应答等[18]。甲基化修饰包括O-甲基化、C-甲基化、S-甲基化和N-甲基化, 其中O-甲基化是由O-甲基转移酶(O-methyltransferase, OMT) 催化的, 利用S-腺苷-L-甲硫氨酸作为甲基供体, 产生O-甲基化黄酮类化合物和S-腺苷-L-高半胱氨酸[18-22]。O-甲基化黄酮类化合物具有更好的稳定性和跨膜能力, 在不同类植物中广泛分布, 包括苔藓、蕨类和双子叶植物[23]。目前, 黄酮O-甲基转移酶(flavonoid O-methyltransferase, FOMT) 在黄芩[24] (Scutellaria baicalensis)、薄荷[25] (Mentha canadensis) 及艾叶[26] (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) 等药用植物中已有报道, 黄芩根中Ⅱ型OMT和Ⅰ型OMT对其4′-脱氧黄酮具有催化活性, 通过在表达SbPFOMT的酵母培养基中添加相应的羟基化4′-脱氧黄酮, 可以半生物合成具有较高生物活性的4′-脱氧黄酮[24]。
O-甲基化黄酮类化合物具有多种药用功能, 并且O-甲基化修饰可以增强部分黄酮类化合物的药用活性。例如, 对于位于8-OH位置的O-甲基化修饰, 可以增强黄酮类化合物的促胰岛素分泌活性, 进而提高其抗糖尿病功能[27]。此外, O-甲基化修饰还能提高黄酮类化合物的抗氧化活性和抗炎能力。例如, 异鼠李素(3′-O-甲基化槲皮素) 具有抑制促炎物质分泌和减少活性氧含量的能力, 具有强大的抗氧化作用[28]。另外, O-甲基化黄酮类化合物还可以影响多种耐药蛋白的活性, 提高生物体对有毒化合物的防御能力[29]。黄酮类化合物的生物利用度对其在人体内发挥药理作用非常重要, O-甲基化修饰可以增强其亲脂性, 保护酚羟基, 增加代谢稳定性, 从而显著提高生物利用度[17]。
头花蓼作为一种民族药, 具有重要的应用价值, 但其研究主要集中在化学成分与药理作用, 其基因功能研究基础十分薄弱。因此, 课题组利用Illumina Hiseq测序平台对头花蓼根、茎、叶、花进行转录组测序, 以期获得与其黄酮类化合物生物合成相关的基因信息, 并在头花蓼全基因组水平上鉴定分析黄酮O-甲基转移酶基因家族成员, 通过对头花蓼FOMT基因家族成员理化性质、系统进化、保守基序等进行系统分析, 基于转录组数据和qRT-PCR对其表达模式进行分析, 以期为头花蓼黄酮类化合物生物合成研究奠定基础。
材料与方法
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材料   苗药头花蓼于2022年5月采于贵州省花溪区(26°23′20″N, 106°36′50″E), 经贵州中医药大学魏升华教授鉴定为苗药头花蓼Polygonum capitatum Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don。分别取头花蓼根(PCR1、PCR2、PCR3)、茎(PCS1、PCS2、PCS3)、叶(PCL1、PCL2、PCL3)、花(PCF1、PCF2、PCF3) 四个组织部位, 称取各样品100 mg用锡箔纸包裹置于液氮中速冻, 冻存于-80 ℃冰箱备用, 用于RNA的提取及转录组测序。
试剂   FastKing一步法除基因cDNA第一链合成预混试剂(批号: X0319)、RNAprep Pure多糖多酚植物总RNA提取试剂盒(批号: X0429)、Talent荧光定量检测试剂盒(批号: X0324) 和DNA Marker标准分子量DL2000 (批号: Y2030), 天根生化(北京) 科技有限公司。
仪器   ChemiDoc凝胶成像系统和CFX 96 Touch荧光定量PCR仪(美国Bio-Rad公司), DYY-7C型电泳仪(北京六一生物科技有限公司), Sorvall Legend Micro 17R高速冷冻离心机[赛默飞世尔科技(中国) 有限公司]。
RNA的提取及测序   采用Trizol试剂分离提取头花蓼根、茎、叶、花四个组织部位总RNA, 每个部位生物学重复3次。用Oligotex mRNA试剂盒对RNA进行纯化。利用Aglient 2100检测RNA样品的浓度和完整性, 12个苗药头花蓼RNA样品均满足转录组测序的建库要求, 采用Illumina HiSeq 4000平台进行转录组测序。
数据过滤及组装   对转录组测序得到原始测序数据(raw reads) 进行数据过滤, 以确保得到高质量测序数据(clean reads)。使用fastp软件过滤掉质量低、含有接头和未知碱基N含量大于10%的测序数据(reads), 利用Trinity软件对样本高质量测序数据进行组装, 再使用tgicl进行聚类、去冗最后得到Unigenes。
Unigenes注释分类和基因表达量计算   使用DIAMOND BLASTX软件将Unigene序列与KEGG、NR、Swiss-Prot、GO、COG/KOG、TrEMBL数据库比对, 预测完Unigene的氨基酸序列之后使用HMMER软件与Pfam数据库比对, 获得Unigene的注释信息。结合RSEM (RNA-Seq by expectation maximization) 进行表达量水平估计, 并采用FPKM (fragments per kilobase of transcript per million fragments mapped) 值表示对应基因的表达丰度。
FOMT基因全基因组的鉴定、系统发育树构建   从头花蓼转录组数据库中调取黄酮类化合物生物合成通路上O-甲基转移酶基因家族序列, 共鉴定到50个黄酮O-甲基转移酶家族成员。利用National Center for Biotechnology Information (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) 和MEME (https://meme-suite.org/meme/) 进行同源比对和保守结构域分析, 并将50个FOMT家族成员的蛋白序列与其他植物的FOMT成员进行序列比对, 构建系统进化树。应用MEGA比对工具采取NJ (neighbour-join) 方法, 其中bootstrap值设置1 000, 其余设定均采用默认值。
FOMT基因家族成员蛋白质特征分析及亚细胞定位   利用TBtools软件预测头花蓼中含有的50个FOMT蛋白的理论等电点、不稳定系数及分子质量等基本理化性质。使用在线生物信息学工具WOLF PSORT (https://wolfpsort.hgc.jp/) 对获取的50个FOMT蛋白进行亚细胞定位预测。
FOMT基因保守结构域和基因结构分析   利用MEME在线网站(http://meme-suite.org/tools/meme) 分析50个FOMT的蛋白质保守基序, 目标保守基序设为10, 其余为默认值, 利用TBtools对头花蓼FOMT家族的基因进行可视化分析。
FOMT基因家族成员的基因表达分析   利用qRT-PCR检测OMT15 (O-methyltransferase 15, Cluster-53319.2)、OMT1 (O-methyltransferase 1, Cluster-48392.0)、OMT3 (O-methyltransferase 3, Cluster-48474.2)、COMT1 (caffeic acid O-methyltransferase 1, Cluster-31061.0) 基因的表达量, 实验样品为头花蓼根、茎、叶、花组织, 每个样品设置3次生物学重复。利用天根试剂盒提取本研究所述植物总RNA, 用NanoDrop 2000分光光度计检测所提取总RNA的A260/A280的比值和浓度及用1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测总RNA的完整性。将符合要求的总RNA利用反转录试剂盒合成cDNA。cDNA反应体系: 模板4 μL, 5×Fatking-RT Supermix 4 μL, RNase-Free ddH2O 12 μL, 反转录程序: 42 ℃ 15 min, 95 ℃ 3 min。
利用Primer 6软件设计OMT15、OMT1、OMT3、COMT1基因的引物, 引物见表 1。以cDNA为模板, 利用荧光定量PCR仪进行反应, 通过三步法, 分别扩增内参基因GAPDH和目的基因的cDNA核酸序列。反应体系: RNase-Free ddH2O 7.4 μL, 2×Talent qPCR PreMix 10 μL, 正反引物各0.8 μL, cDNA模板1 μL。反应程序: 扩增条件为95 ℃预变性3 min, 95 ℃变性5 s, 56 ℃退火10 s, 72 ℃延伸15 s, 设置39个循环, 分析荧光值变化曲线及熔解曲线, 采用2-ΔΔCt计算表达水平。
结果
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1 转录组测序与序列组装
利用Illumina HiSeq 4000测序平台对苗药头花蓼根(PCR1、PCR2、PCR3)、茎(PCS1、PCS2、PCS3)、叶(PCL1、PCL2、PCL3)、花(PCF1、PCF2、PCF3) 四个组织部位样品进行转录组测序, 共获得94.2 Gb高质量测序数据, 其根、茎、叶、花四个组织部位Q30平均值分别为91.23%、91.19%、91.96%、91.07%, 平均每个组织样品的GC含量分别占总碱基数的46.00%、47.47%、47.32%、46.80% (表 2)。利用Trinity对高质量测序数据进行序列组装, 共获得99 298条Unigenes, 总长度为160 783 247核苷酸(nucleotide, nt), 平均长度为1 619 nt, N50为2 487 nt, 组装完整性较高。长度大于2 000 nt的Unigenes最多, 有30 341条, 占Unigenes总数的30.56%, 长度分布在400~500 nt的Unigenes有8 567条, 长度分布在300~400 nt的Unigenes有7 342条, 占Unigenes总数的7.39%。
2 序列比对及功能注释
对99 298条Unigenes进行GO、KEGG、KOG、Pfam、SwissProt、TrEMBL、NR等七大数据库比对。结果表明共有71 514条Unigenes被注释到数据库中, 占全部Unigenes的72.02%, 其中TrEMB数据库中注释到的Unigenes最多, 有67 503条, 占总Unigenes的67.98%, 其次是NR数据库, 注释到67 027条Unigenes (67.50%), GO、KEGG、KOG、Pfam和SwissProt数据库, 分别注释到59 367 (59.79%)、53 448 (53.83%)、45 870 (46.19%)、53 763 (54.14%) 和53 027 (53.40%) 条Unigenes。基于同源基因的物种对Unigenes注释, 在相似序列匹配度较高的物种中, 甜菜Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris所占比例最高(7 557条), 其次为藜麦Chenopodium quinoa Willd. (7 138条)、葡萄Vitis vinifera L. (5 033条)、菠菜Spinacia oleracea L. (4 425条)、栓皮栎Quercus suber L. (3 347条)、胡桃Juglans regia L. (1 407条)、橡胶树Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Muell. Arg. (1 064条)、可可Theobroma cacao L. (1 040条)、枣Ziziphus jujuba Mill. (983条)、麻风树Jatropha curcas L.(978条), 其他匹配物种的Unigenes为26 142条。
3 基因功能注释
对苗药头花蓼转录组数据进行KOG数据库功能注释和分类, 共有51 138条Unigenes被注释到25种KOG分类中, 有9 240条Unigenes被注释到“一般功能预测”, 是注释最多Unigenes的类群, 占总数的18.07%, 其次是“信号转导机制”4 959条, “翻译后修饰、蛋白质周转、伴侣”4 957条, “翻译、核糖体结构和生物发生”2 978条, 注释到“细胞内运输、分泌和囊泡运输”类群的Unigenes有2 777条, 2 726条Unigenes注释到“转录”, 2 465条Unigenes注释到“碳水化合物运输和代谢”, 2 190条Unigenes注释到“能量生产和转换”, 2 158条Unigenes注释到“RNA加工和修饰”, 1 999条Unigenes注释到“脂质运输和代谢”, 1 930条Unigenes注释到“氨基酸运输和代谢”(图 1)。
利用GO数据库对Unigenes进行功能注释, 59 367条Unigenes被注释到细胞组成、分子功能和生物过程3大类。在细胞组成中Unigenes主要聚集在细胞解剖实体和含蛋白质的复合物部分2个类群, 分别注释了50 512和9 557条, 分子功能中聚集最多的2个类群是结合蛋白和细胞过程, 分别注释到35 398和30 217条Unigenes, 在生物过程中聚集最多的2个类群是细胞过程和代谢过程, 分别注释了39 467和31 656条Unigenes (图 2)。
通过KEGG数据库对头花蓼Unigenes进行注释, 共注释到145个KEGG标准代谢通路, 主要涉及糖酵解/糖异生、糖醛酸转化途径、果糖和甘露糖代谢、半乳糖代谢、抗坏血酸和醛酸代谢等通路(图 3)。
4 头花蓼FOMT基因家族全基因组鉴定
从头花蓼基因组数据库筛选并鉴定黄酮O-甲基转移酶基因, 去除可变剪切导致的重复转录本和结构域确认, 最终获得50个FOMT家族成员。为研究头花蓼FOMT基因家族的进化关系, 本研究选取其他植物的FOMT基因与头花蓼FOMT进行系统进化树构建。如图 4所示, 进化树主要由两大进化枝构成, 包括咖啡酰辅酶A O-甲基转移酶(caffeoyl CoA O-methyltransferase, CCoAOMT) 亚家族和咖啡酸O-甲基转移酶(COMT) 亚家族。根据FOMT催化位点具有相对特异性的特点, COMT亚家族成员与已报道的FOMT的聚类结果可预测其催化位点。根据COMT亚家族进化分枝和聚类结果, 可将其进一步分为咖啡酸3-O-甲基转移酶(caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase, CAMT)、黄酮3′,5′-O-甲基转移酶(flavonoid 3′,5′-methyltransferase, FAOMT)、黄酮3′-O-甲基转移酶(flavone 3′-O-methyltransferase, OsMT) 及未归类基因。
5 头花蓼FOMT基因家族蛋白理化性质和亚细胞定位预测
将转录组数据中的核酸序列翻译为氨基酸序列, 使用TBtools对FOMT蛋白质序列进行理化性质分析。结果如表 3所示, 50个FOMT家族成员编码氨基酸的数量介于99 (CAMT, Cluster-41670.0)~1 053 (OMT, Cluster-34634.0) 个氨基酸, 蛋白分子质量在11 224.91 Da (CAMT, Cluster-41670.0)~86 687.42 Da (OMT, Cluster-34634.0)。此外, 其理论等电点为4.79~9.45, 42个酸性蛋白, 8个碱性蛋白, 对FOMT家族成员进行蛋白稳定系数的预测结果表明, 不稳定系数在13.08~53.36之内, 其中有9个不稳定系数值大于40属于不稳定蛋白, 41个家族成员蛋白的亲水性平均值为负值, 为亲水性蛋白, 9个为疏水性蛋白。亚细胞定位结果显示54%的FOMT亚家族CCoAOMT及COMT成员定位于细胞质, 28%定位于叶绿体。
6 FOMT基因保守结构域和基因结构分析
结合系统发育树、基因结构图和基序分析, 可以进一步了解黄酮类化合物O-甲基基因家族成员之间的基因结构和进化关系。分析结果表明, 位于N端的motifs变异相对较大, 位于C端的motifs相对保守。氧甲基家族蛋白包含10个保守的基序(motif1到motif10) 头花蓼O-甲基基因家族中保守基序的数量从1个到10个, 其中基序8、基序10、基序9和基序4在所有基因中出现的频率最高。头花蓼O-甲基基因家族氨基酸序列较短, 包含AdoMet_MTases superfamily、dimerization、RVT_2 superfamily、Retrotran_gag_2 superfamily、dimerization2 superfamily等结构域(图 5)。
7 FOMT家族基因表达模式分析
由图 6可知, FOMT基因家族在头花蓼组织中的表达量不同, 将鉴定到的FOMT基因分别在头花蓼的根、茎、叶、花4个不同组织的表达量进行归一化和热图分析, 结果显示, FOMT基因在头花蓼花中高表达, 在根中表达最低。OMT15 (Cluster-53319.6)、COMT1 (Cluster-29261.0)、COMT1 (Cluster-41577.1)、OMT1 (Cluster-43940.0)、OMT1 (Cluster-44637.0) 只在花中有表达, 具有明显的组织表达特异性。COMT1 (Cluster-35171.0) 在茎中表达量显著高于其他组织, 表明COMT1 (Cluster-35171.0) 在茎发育中发挥着重要作用。
8 头花蓼FOMT基因家族成员的基因表达分析
为进一步研究黄酮类化合物生物合成通路中FOMT家族基因在头花蓼根、茎、叶、花中的表达模式, 利用qRT-PCR检测O-甲基转移酶家族OMT15 (Cluster-53319.2)、OMT1 (Cluster-48392.0)、OMT3 (Cluster-48474.2)、COMT1 (Cluster-31061.0) 基因表达量。结果表明, OMT15、OMT1、OMT3、COMT1的表达量变化趋势与转录组数据基本相同, 表明转录组数据中头花蓼FOMT基因表达量具有可靠性。同时, OMT15和COMT1基因在叶中表达量较高, OMT3和OMT1基因在花中表达量较高, 表明OMT15、OMT1、OMT3、COMT1基因在不同组织中表达量存在差异(图 7)。
讨论
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随着高通量测序技术的迅猛发展, 以及多种生物信息学分析平台的加入, 许多研究无需参考基因组的数据便可对目标物种进行分子生物学方面的研究, 已成为药用植物基因信息挖掘的重要研究手段。课题组利用Illumina HiSeq 4000高通量测序平台对头花蓼的根、茎、叶、花进行转录组测序, 得到99 298条Unigenes。近年来, 头花蓼的研究多集中于化学组成和药理活性, 其生物合成与调控机制尚未见报道。这些信息为挖掘头花蓼生物合成和调控的关键基因和功能提供了重要信息资源。
黄酮类化合物是植物中重要的次生代谢产物, 其基本结构为C6-C3-C6, 基本母核是2-苯基色原酮。目前已经鉴定出超过10 000种黄酮类化合物[18]。甲基化是黄酮类化合物重要的修饰方式之一, 与未经修饰的黄酮类化合物相比, 黄酮类化合物的甲基化导致其药理和生化性质发生显著变化。根据蛋白分子量和阳离子依赖性, 植物中的O-甲基转移酶家族可以分为两个亚家族: 咖啡酸O-甲基转移酶和咖啡酰辅酶A O-甲基转移酶[30]。COMT亚家族成员可增强酶活性, 催化过程不需要阳离子参与, 蛋白亚基的分子量一般在38~43 kDa之间, CCoAOMT亚家族成员蛋白亚基的分子量在23~29 kDa之间[31, 32]。头花蓼中COMT亚家族成员蛋白亚基的分子量在30~42 kDa之间。CCoAOMT的分子量约11~29 kDa, 其分子量较低, 推测其催化过程需要Mg2+、Ca2+等二价阳离子参与, 二价阳离子具有稳定蛋白质结构及参与底物与酶结合的作用[33]。与其他植物O-甲基转移酶蛋白质分子量相比, 头花蓼中O-甲基转移酶蛋白质分子量相差较大, 说明黄酮O-甲基转移酶基因家族数量在不同种植物间存在差异性。头花蓼50种FOMT中41种是亲水蛋白, 9种是疏水蛋白, 与其他植物OMT家族蛋白理化性质一致, 研究发现, 异源表达时亲水蛋白比疏水蛋白不易形成包涵体, 蛋白质溶解性和活性显著增加。随着头花蓼基因组测序的开展, 后续有望进一步明确O-甲基转移酶染色体定位和启动子相关元件, 进而为揭示基因功能及其生物学作用奠定基础。
甲氧基化黄酮类化合物的结构多样性由甲氧基的位置和数量共同决定, 甲氧基在很大程度上受到羟基分布的限制, 许多黄酮类化合物OMT将甲基转移到黄酮类化合物的特定羟基上[34], 例如, 玉米[35]ZmOMT1能够特异性催化3′-OH、3′,5′-OH位点, 柑橘[36] CrOMT2能够特异性催化3′-OH、5′-OH或7-OH位点, 与木犀草素和槲皮素底物相比, CrOMT2催化的两种产物在体外对人胃癌细胞产生了更强的抑制作用[37], 欧洲云杉[38]PaOMT3在Mg2+、Co2+、Ca2+和Zn2+等金属离子的催化下, 对槲皮素的3′-OH、3′,5′-OH位点活性有正向影响, 水稻[39]ROMT15表现出不同的底物特异性, 木犀草素和槲皮素的甲基化位置在3′-OH, 杨梅素在3′-OH, 5′-OH上甲基化。植物类黄酮的O-甲基化修饰在A环和B环上均会发生, 且多发生于B环的3′和4′号羟基位点和A环的6、7、8号羟基位点[26]。推测头花蓼OMT1、OMT3、OMT15催化位点可能在3′-OH, 且以槲皮素为底物的可能性很高。
黄酮类化合物是头花蓼中一种重要的次生代谢产物, 探究FOMT在头花蓼中不同部位的表达量, 能够更进一步明确候选关键基因, 进而进行功能验证。基于转录组测序分析, 发现FOMT在不同部位表达差异性较大, 其中以花、叶中表达量最高, 说明FOMT在头花蓼的不同组织及生长发育的不同时期发挥重要作用。槲皮素是头花蓼黄酮类化合物中重要的一种组分, 具有抗菌[40]、抗炎[41]、抗氧化[42]等生物学活性。通过O-甲基化修饰, 槲皮素的结构稳定性、蛋白亲和力和转运能力都得到提高, 同时水溶性降低, 这些改变是提高其药用价值的关键[42]。研究表明, 3-O-甲基槲皮素具有显著的抗病毒、抗炎、抗氧化和调节免疫功能等生物活性, 并能抑制过氧化物的生成, 3-O-甲基槲皮素比槲皮素具有更强的抗氧化活性[43, 44]。有学者对头花蓼不同部位的槲皮素含量研究, 结果表明槲皮素含量以叶的含量最高, 其次是花、茎[45], 与FOMT高表达部位一致, 因此FOMT可能参与头花蓼中槲皮素氧甲基化生物合成, 在头花蓼抗菌、抗炎中发挥重要作用, 其具体功能还有待于后续深入研究。
本研究通过对头花蓼进行转录组学研究, 建立了头花蓼的转录组数据库, 大大丰富了头花蓼的基因资源。这为进一步研究头花蓼次生代谢合成及调控提供了基础数据, 并为揭示头花蓼次生代谢合成机制奠定了基础。研究筛选并鉴定了50个FOMT基因, 并对其进行了生物信息学分析, 包括系统发育、基因序列特征、亚细胞定位预测、基因结构分析和表达模式的分析和验证。这些分析能初步了解头花蓼FOMT基因家族的基因数量、功能分类和表达趋势, 为进一步深入研究FOMT功能和氧甲基化黄酮类化合物的生物合成提供了理论依据。
作者贡献: 骆江利负责实验工作、数据分析、论文撰写与修改, 刘畅参与实验及数据分析, 曾宪法参与样品采集, 吴娜娜参与稿件修改, 王小雪、唐英参与数据分析, 蒲翔负责实验设计、论文指导和稿件修改。
利益冲突: 所有作者均声明没有利益冲突。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(82060913)
  • 贵阳市科技计划项目(筑科合同[2021] 43-11号)
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1204
  • 接收时间：2023-10-27
  • 首发时间：2025-11-27
  • 出版时间：2024-05-12
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  • 收稿日期：2023-10-27
  • 修回日期：2024-02-05
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(82060913)
贵阳市科技计划项目(筑科合同[2021] 43-11号)
作者信息
    1.贵州中医药大学药学院, 贵州 贵阳 550025
    2.贵州中医药大学基础医学院, 贵州 贵阳 550025

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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