Article(id=1200860511941293054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1200860506031518620, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16438/j.0513-4870.2023-1191, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1697990400000, receivedDateStr=2023-10-23, revisedDate=1704902400000, revisedDateStr=2024-01-11, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764237056956, onlineDateStr=2025-11-27, pubDate=1715443200000, pubDateStr=2024-05-12, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764237056956, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764237056956, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764237056956, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1200860506031518620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, year='2024', volume='59', issue='5', pageStart='1101', pageEnd='1508', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764237055547, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764241222263, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200877982563824311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1200860506031518620, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200877982563824312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, issueId=1200860506031518620, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1357, endPage=1363, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200860512595603475, articleId=1200860511941293054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=EN, title=Investigation of metabolites of 2-methyl-dechloroketamine
in vitro, columnId=1190335348761793317, journalTitle=Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
The abuse of novel phenylcyclohexylpyridine drugs poses a significant threat to societal safety. The novel psychoactive substance 2-methyl-deschloroketamine (2-MDCK), belonging to the phenylcyclohexylpyridine class, has recently surfaced as a new compound. However, there is a lack of understanding regarding its metabolic pathways and the identification of suitable biomarkers. In this study, a human liver microsomal model was established, and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) technology was applied to investigate the in vitro metabolism and products of 2-MDCK. The results indicate that 2-MDCK undergoes various metabolic reactions, including dehydrogenation, deamination, hydroxylation, and demethylation, leading to the formation of eight metabolites. By conducting actual testing on hair samples from 2-MDCK abusers, the existence of six metabolites was confirmed. Comparing the metabolic products in the liver microsomal in vitro model, M3.1 and M4.1 were identified as biomarkers for 2-MDCK consumption. Five samples of abusers of 2-methyl-dechloroketamine were provided by the Anti-Drug Brigade of the Hangzhou Public Security Bureau. Negative hair samples were provided by laboratory volunteers, and all samples were obtained with the informed consent of the volunteers. These findings provide a scientific basis for the detection and identification of 2-MDCK and its metabolites, as well as crucial support for the study of the metabolic mechanisms of similar novel psychoactive substances in the phenylcyclohexylpyridine class. This research holds significant importance in addressing the issue of abuse of new psychoactive substances.
, correspAuthors=Jian-hong GAO, Yi-lei FAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2024 Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jun-hui RU, Feng HUANG, Hao WU, Min-hao WANG, Xing KE, Jian-hong GAO, Yi-lei FAN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1200860517460996340, articleId=1200860511941293054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, language=CN, title=苯环己哌啶类物质甲胺酮体外代谢研究, columnId=1190335348896011050, journalTitle=药学学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
新型苯环己哌啶类药物的滥用现象威胁着社会安全, 其中2-甲基-去氯氯胺酮(甲胺酮) 作为一种新兴物质, 其代谢途径和生物标志物尚未明确。本文通过建立人肝微粒体模型并应用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱技术, 深入研究了甲胺酮的体外代谢途径及产物。结果表明, 甲胺酮可发生脱氢、脱氨、羟基化、去甲基化等多种代谢反应, 产生8种代谢产物。结合滥用者毛发样本的实际检测, 确定6种代谢物的存在。通过与肝微粒体体外模型中的代谢产物相比, 甲胺酮的代谢物M3.1和M4.1丰度较高, 可以作为甲胺酮吸食的生物标志物。5份甲胺酮滥用者毛发样本由杭州市公安局禁毒支队提供, 阴性毛发样本由本实验室志愿者提供并均经志愿者知情同意。研究结果为甲胺酮及其代谢物的检验鉴定提供了科学依据, 同时也为苯环己哌啶类新精神活性物质的代谢机制研究提供了重要支持, 对新精神活性物质滥用问题具有重要意义。
, correspAuthors=高建红, 范一雷, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
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Chemical structure of 2-methyl-deschloroketamine (2-MDCK) , figureFileSmall=/ypiy+tNVttNAhAyADM5sA==, figureFileBig=LwH4iRY8/tLHaGlFyc8reQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201106659570577871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860511941293054, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Oe+kdHiQyHcNTW1Ry+VVFg==, figureFileBig=QbuMCfjKKcLjcw8bY15WUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201106659767710173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860511941293054, language=CN, label=Figure 2, caption=
Mass spectra of 2-MDCK , figureFileSmall=Oe+kdHiQyHcNTW1Ry+VVFg==, figureFileBig=QbuMCfjKKcLjcw8bY15WUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201106659939676646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860511941293054, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=UluUJqv2TGyWdpDyLaHV/w==, figureFileBig=wiZeq7uBRS9JVzJ2rZAliQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201106660229083635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860511941293054, language=CN, label=Figure 3, caption=
Fragmentation pathway of 2-MDCK in ESI-MS , figureFileSmall=UluUJqv2TGyWdpDyLaHV/w==, figureFileBig=wiZeq7uBRS9JVzJ2rZAliQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201106660388467206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860511941293054, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=jcKfm28pvdCUAWUAaKjrEw==, figureFileBig=ZtoUsg23a7B6CJflu02bJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201106660501713422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860511941293054, language=CN, label=Figure 4, caption=
Combined extracted ion chromatograms of the metabolites of 2-MDCK , figureFileSmall=jcKfm28pvdCUAWUAaKjrEw==, figureFileBig=ZtoUsg23a7B6CJflu02bJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201106660640125466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860511941293054, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=o5g+1HjPV6Y+Drm08gvLKA==, figureFileBig=V7IZGZgZtmA0OnFMIgs14w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201106660824674854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860511941293054, language=CN, label=Figure 5, caption=
Mass spectra of the main metabolites of 2-MDCK. A: Hydroxylation; B: Hydroxylation; C: Demethylation; D: Demethylation with hydroxylation; E: Demethylation with dehydrogenation; F: Dehydrogenation hydroxylation with demethylation; G: Dehydrogenation with demethylamino; H: Dehydrogenation hydroxylation with demethylamino , figureFileSmall=o5g+1HjPV6Y+Drm08gvLKA==, figureFileBig=V7IZGZgZtmA0OnFMIgs14w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201106661046972980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860511941293054, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=gSFQicEJ+681pNpqpcbNug==, figureFileBig=GWLI4mG834xPG6mKC7SEQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201106661319602755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860511941293054, language=CN, label=Figure 6, caption=
Metabolic pathway of 2-MDCK in human liver microsomes , figureFileSmall=gSFQicEJ+681pNpqpcbNug==, figureFileBig=GWLI4mG834xPG6mKC7SEQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1201106661546095184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860511941293054, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Peak No. | Metabolic method | tR/min | Theoretical quality [M+H]+/(m/z) | Accurate quality [M+H]+/(m/z) | Error/ppm | Characteristic fragment |
| 2-MDCK | / | 6.12 | 218.153 94 | 218.154 02 | 0.37 | 200.143 77, 187.111 95, 169.101 52, 159.117 03, 143.085 53, 129.070 10, 67.054 50 |
| M1.1 | Hydroxylation | 4.47 | 234.148 86 | 234.149 60 | 3.16 | 216.138 35, 203.106 81, 185.096 16, 157.101 30, 107.047 54, 67.054 33 |
| M1.2 | Hydroxylation | 6.09 | 234.148 86 | 234.148 85 | -0.04 | 216.138 35, 203.106 84, 185.096 16, 157.101 30, 91.054 73, 67.054 33 |
| M2.1 | Demethylation | 6.14 | 204.138 29 | 204.138 82 | 2.60 | 187.111 76, 159.116 74, 149.023 03, 67.054 31 |
| M2.2 | Demethylation with hydroxylation | 4.81 | 220.133 21 | 220.133 54 | 1.50 | 203.106 70, 202.123 79, 185.096 12, 175.111 88, 159.080 43, 95.085 55 |
| M3.1 | Demethylation with dehydrogenation | 6.07 | 202.122 64 | 202.122 83 | 0.94 | 185.096 25, 157.101 33, 129.069 98, 91.054 10, 67.054 36 |
| M3.2 | Dehydrogenation hydroxylation with demethylation | 5.53 | 218.117 56 | 218.117 54 | -0.09 | 200.107 12, 173.096 18, 155.085 49, 91.054 38 |
| M4.1 | Dehydrogenation with demethylamino | 6.16 | 187.111 74 | 187.111 92 | 0.96 | 159.116 97, 145.064 88, 131.085 75, 95.049 13, 67.054 37 |
| M4.2 | Dehydrogenation hydroxylation with demethylamino | 6.08 | 203.106 66 | 203.106 93 | 1.33 | 185.096 57, 167.085 66, 157.101 33, 129.069 99, 91.054 28, 67.054 37 |
), ArticleFig(id=1201106662967964252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860511941293054, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=
Metabolites of 2-MDCK in liver microsomes incubated for 60 min
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Peak No. | Metabolic method | tR/min | Theoretical quality [M+H]+/(m/z) | Accurate quality [M+H]+/(m/z) | Error/ppm | Characteristic fragment |
| 2-MDCK | / | 6.12 | 218.153 94 | 218.154 02 | 0.37 | 200.143 77, 187.111 95, 169.101 52, 159.117 03, 143.085 53, 129.070 10, 67.054 50 |
| M1.1 | Hydroxylation | 4.47 | 234.148 86 | 234.149 60 | 3.16 | 216.138 35, 203.106 81, 185.096 16, 157.101 30, 107.047 54, 67.054 33 |
| M1.2 | Hydroxylation | 6.09 | 234.148 86 | 234.148 85 | -0.04 | 216.138 35, 203.106 84, 185.096 16, 157.101 30, 91.054 73, 67.054 33 |
| M2.1 | Demethylation | 6.14 | 204.138 29 | 204.138 82 | 2.60 | 187.111 76, 159.116 74, 149.023 03, 67.054 31 |
| M2.2 | Demethylation with hydroxylation | 4.81 | 220.133 21 | 220.133 54 | 1.50 | 203.106 70, 202.123 79, 185.096 12, 175.111 88, 159.080 43, 95.085 55 |
| M3.1 | Demethylation with dehydrogenation | 6.07 | 202.122 64 | 202.122 83 | 0.94 | 185.096 25, 157.101 33, 129.069 98, 91.054 10, 67.054 36 |
| M3.2 | Dehydrogenation hydroxylation with demethylation | 5.53 | 218.117 56 | 218.117 54 | -0.09 | 200.107 12, 173.096 18, 155.085 49, 91.054 38 |
| M4.1 | Dehydrogenation with demethylamino | 6.16 | 187.111 74 | 187.111 92 | 0.96 | 159.116 97, 145.064 88, 131.085 75, 95.049 13, 67.054 37 |
| M4.2 | Dehydrogenation hydroxylation with demethylamino | 6.08 | 203.106 66 | 203.106 93 | 1.33 | 185.096 57, 167.085 66, 157.101 33, 129.069 99, 91.054 28, 67.054 37 |
), ArticleFig(id=1201106663139930723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860511941293054, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Peak number | Hair 1 | Hair 2 | Hair 3 | Hair 4 | Hair 5 | Liver microsome |
| 2-MDCK | 1.04e7 | 2.35e7 | 1.54e7 | 2.20e7 | 1.39e6 | 8.83e6 |
| M1.1 | - | - | - | - | - | 2.12e6(6) |
| M1.2 | - | - | - | - | - | 6.72e6(5) |
| M2.1 | 7.80e5(3) | 5.97e5(5) | 4.34e5(4) | 1.41e6(4) | 2.17e5(4) | 7.12e6(4) |
| M2.2 | - | 1.08e6(4) | 9.57e5(3) | 1.92e6(3) | 5.44e5(3) | 1.64e6(7) |
| M3.1 | 1.98e7(1) | 2.54e7(1) | 2.14e7(1) | 2.35e6(1) | 1.18e6(1) | 1.44e7(3) |
| M3.2 | - | 1.17e6(3) | - | 1.22e6(5) | - | 1.08e6(8) |
| M4.1 | 7.32e6(2) | 2.45e7(2) | 6.22e6(2) | 2.26e6(2) | 1.06e6(2) | 2.83e7(2) |
| M4.2 | 5.85e5(4) | 3.91e5(6) | 2.92e5(5) | - | - | 3.11e7(1) |
), ArticleFig(id=1201106663328674417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1189982191388893191, articleId=1200860511941293054, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=
Comparison of mentabolites from 2-MDCK in vitro and hair samples from abuser. The numbers in parentheses represent the ranking of metabolite content in the sample
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| Peak number | Hair 1 | Hair 2 | Hair 3 | Hair 4 | Hair 5 | Liver microsome |
| 2-MDCK | 1.04e7 | 2.35e7 | 1.54e7 | 2.20e7 | 1.39e6 | 8.83e6 |
| M1.1 | - | - | - | - | - | 2.12e6(6) |
| M1.2 | - | - | - | - | - | 6.72e6(5) |
| M2.1 | 7.80e5(3) | 5.97e5(5) | 4.34e5(4) | 1.41e6(4) | 2.17e5(4) | 7.12e6(4) |
| M2.2 | - | 1.08e6(4) | 9.57e5(3) | 1.92e6(3) | 5.44e5(3) | 1.64e6(7) |
| M3.1 | 1.98e7(1) | 2.54e7(1) | 2.14e7(1) | 2.35e6(1) | 1.18e6(1) | 1.44e7(3) |
| M3.2 | - | 1.17e6(3) | - | 1.22e6(5) | - | 1.08e6(8) |
| M4.1 | 7.32e6(2) | 2.45e7(2) | 6.22e6(2) | 2.26e6(2) | 1.06e6(2) | 2.83e7(2) |
| M4.2 | 5.85e5(4) | 3.91e5(6) | 2.92e5(5) | - | - | 3.11e7(1) |
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